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新教材2023版高中英语Unit9LearningPartⅢ单元语法__后跟动名词或不定式的动词学案北师大版必修第三册
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这是一份新教材2023版高中英语Unit9LearningPartⅢ单元语法__后跟动名词或不定式的动词学案北师大版必修第三册，共7页。
Part Ⅲ 单元语法——后跟动名词或不定式的动词1.只跟动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语[用法归纳](1)请牢记下面的口诀： 考虑 建议 盼 原谅(consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse) 承认 推迟 及 想像(admit, delay/put off, fancy) 避免 错过 继续 练(avoid, miss, keep/keep on， practise) 否认 完成 欣赏(deny， finish, enjoy/appreciate) 禁止 想象 和 冒险(forbid, imagine， risk) 不禁 介意 准 逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape) 难以忍受 始 反对(can't stand, get down to, object to) 想要 成功 坚持 忙(feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy in) 习惯 放弃 有困难(be used to, give up, have difficulty in) 导致 专心 防 道歉(lead to, devote...to, prevent...from, apologise for)(2)动名词主动形式表被动意义need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done需要被……deserve punishing＝deserve to be punished应受惩罚be worth doing＝be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done值得做……(3)固定句型：There is no point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。There is no possibility of doing sth.做某事是不可能的。(4)动词＋it＋宾补＋doing sth.六个常用动词：make, feel, find, consider, believe, think常用宾补：useless/no use/no gooda waste of time/no pleasureI think it useless/no use doing sth. 我认为做某事没有用。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Jean suggested ________ (ask) her father for his opinion.②She admitted ________ (do) wrong.③Nobody should delay ________ (hand) in the essay.④Try to avoid ________ (make) mistakes while giving the description about the case.⑤She insisted on ________ (check) everything herself.⑥I appreciate ________ (get) such a good chance to improve my academic level.⑦We are going to practise ________ (park).⑧I can't help ________ (be) angry about his rude behaviour.⑨If you think you are sick you should not put off ________ (go) to the doctor.⑩They objected to ________ (leave) in such a hurry.⑪We do not permit ________ (smoke) in the room.⑫Do you feel like ________ (have) a word with him and try to clear up misunderstanding?⑬We have much difficulty in ________ (contact) our previous friends.⑭I'm going to get down to ________ (study) English this term.⑮We look forward to ________ (bring) in new technology.⑯About onethird of the books ________________________(值得一读).⑰________________________ (没有意义) discussing how long the disaster will last.⑱________________________(我感觉……是浪费时间) arguing with him about the matter.⑲Anyone who breaks the rule by design in the Olympic Games ________________________(应受惩罚).2．只跟不定式作宾语的动词[用法归纳](1)接不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine learn want 决心 学会 想 expect/hope refuse manage wish 希望 拒绝 设法 愿 pretend offer promise choose plan 假装 主动 许诺 选 计划 agree ask/beg help 同意 请求 帮助(2)不定式作介词but，except的宾语·前有do，后省to：I have nothing to do but depend on myself.我没有办法，只好依靠自己。·前面没有do，后面就带to：He has no choice but to give in.除了让步，他别无选择。(3)动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.六个常用动词：make, feel, find, consider, believe, thinkI find it difficult to speak English fluently.我发现要能流利地说英语是很难的。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①When his father stepped into his room, he pretended ________ (study).②All the people in the world expect ________ (live) in a peaceful country.③He still refused ________ (give) a statement to the police although he had been put into prison.④I have offered ________ (paint) the house in exchange for a week's accommodation.⑤He used to have nothing to do but ________________________ (整天看电视).⑥We all ________________________ (认为这很遗憾) for Holland to lose the match.⑦He ________________________ (把读……当成常规) English aloud every morning.⑧We ________________________ (感觉这是我们的责任) make our country a better place.3．既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语[用法归纳] (1)下列动词(短语)既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有很大区别。forget eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.忘记做过某事,to do sth.忘记去做某事)) remember eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.记得做过某事,to do sth.记得去做某事)) regret eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.后悔做过某事,to do sth.遗憾地去做某事)) stop eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.停止做某事,to do sth.停下来去做某事)) try eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.尝试做某事,to do sth.努力做某事)) mean eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.意味着做某事,to do sth.意欲/打算做某事)) can't help eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.禁不住做某事,to do sth.不能帮助做某事)) go on eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.继续做某事（同一件事）,to do sth.继续做某事（另一件事）)) (2)动词like, dislike, hate, love, prefer后接动名词和不定式作宾语均可。如果表示经常性的习惯行为，常用动名词；如果表示具体的一次性的行为，常用不定式。(3)动词begin, start后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意义差别不大，但在以下三种情况下，只接不定式：①begin, start的主语是物时。②begin, start本身用于进行时态时。③begin, start后接的是表示人的精神状况或心理活动的动词，如feel, realise, understand, wonder, know等时。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Don't forget ________ (turn) off the light when you leave the room.②He said he regretted not ________ (be) able to help.③He has been trying ________ (solve) the problem.④Seeing the teenagers, I can't help ________ (think) back to my boyhood.⑤He will never forget ________ (be) in such an embarrassing situation.⑥Adam forgot ________ (make) an appointment with me yesterday. I waited him the whole afternoon.⑦I regret ________ (tell) you that you can't be my assistant for your broken English.⑧These new orders for our products will mean ________ (work) overtime.⑨Stop ________ (search) for answers on the website. You should work the maths problems out by yourself.⑩I'm sorry for what I have done. I didn't mean ________ (make) you embarrassed.⑪I dislike my wife ________ (go) out often.⑫He preferred ________ (die) rather than steal.⑬I like ________ (swim), but I don't like ________ (swim) this afternoon.⑭Cross talks are an art form people love ________ (see) and hear.⑮They were walking so slowly that I began ________ (feel) bored.⑯Please ________________________ (记得给我打个电话) when you get there.⑰I ________________________ (非常遗憾地说) that he is badly ill.⑱I'm very busy and I ________________________ (不能帮助整理教室).⑲Tom ________________________ (开始学) how to use the computer.Ⅰ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[北京卷]Neighbors devoted their spare time to ________ (help) others rebuild.2．[北京卷]—Did you have difficulty ________ (find) Ann's house?—Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.3．[2018·北京卷]They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid ________ (pay) for parking.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Lots of people find it hard ________ (get) up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.5．[2017·浙江卷]She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them ________ (calm) down and sleep.6．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]Imagine a child ________ (stand) on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”7．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised ________ (put) the money into her school fund (基金).8．[2018·江苏卷]The youngsters admitted ________ (plan) trips around potential photoopportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “likes” for their online posts.9．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider ________ (reintroduce) wolves to Yellowstone Park.10．[2018·浙江卷]If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer ________ (collect) mail and newspapers.11．[北京卷]New experiences often mean ________ (take) some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.12．[2019·北京卷]Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed ________ (sell) Moore's product—CanCandy.13．[2017·浙江卷11月]The bus hit a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold managed ________ (bring) the bus to a stop.14．[2017·北京卷]The possibility of ________ (enter) into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.15．[北京卷]Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth ________ (take).Ⅱ.短文语法填空My name is Li Hua, a student from China. I intend 1.________ (study) in London during the summer vacation. I'm glad 2.________ (learn) that your museum will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings. I appreciate 3.________ (do) some voluntary work for the exhibition. So I have no choice but 4.________ (write) and apply for the opportunity.I enjoy 5.________ (speak) English and feel like 6.________ (paint) something. I would like to volunteer 7.________ (help) visitors, introduce Chinese paintings, spread Chinese culture, and 8.________ (strong) world cultural exchanges. My aim is 9.________ (let) China go to the world and let the world understand China. I would appreciate 10.________ if you could agree to my request.Part Ⅲ 单元语法——后跟动名词或不定式的动词核心突破·要点讲解1．①asking ②doing/having done ③handing ④making ⑤checking ⑥getting ⑦parking ⑧being ⑨going ⑩leaving ⑪smoking⑫having ⑬contacting ⑭studying ⑮bringing ⑯are worth reading/are worthy of being read/are worthy to be read ⑰There is no point (in) ⑱I felt it a waste of time ⑲deserves punishing/to be punished2．①to be studying ②to live ③to give ④to paint ⑤watch TV all day long ⑥think it a pity ⑦makes it a rule to read ⑧feel it our duty to3．①to turn ②being/having been ③to solve ④thinking ⑤being/having been ⑥making/having made ⑦to tell ⑧working⑨searching ⑩to make ⑪going ⑫to die ⑬swimming to swim ⑭to see ⑮to feel ⑯remember to give me a phone call ⑰regret to say ⑱can't help to tidy the classroom ⑲began learning/to learn夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.1．答案与解析：helping devote...to...，把……奉献于……，把……致力于……，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。句意：邻居们把他们的业余时间用来帮助其他人重建家园。2．答案与解析：finding have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。句意：“你找安的家有困难吗？”“不是很难。她给了我们清楚的指引，我们很容易就找到了。”3．答案与解析：paying 动名词作宾语，avoid doing sth.避免做某事。句意：他们把自己的无人驾驶汽车开到约会地点，然后把空车设置成绕着这栋建筑转圈，以避免支付停车费。4．答案与解析：to get it是形式宾语，不定式短语是真正的宾语。句意：很多人发现早上起床很难，并把责任归咎于闹钟。5．答案与解析：to calm it是形式宾语，动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。句意：她说，这些睡前活动会让孩子们兴奋不已，让他们很难平静下来睡觉。6．答案与解析：standing imagine后面接动名词作宾语。句意：想象一下，一个孩子站在四英尺高的跳板上问自己：“我应该跳下去吗？”7．答案与解析：to put 句意：当我们许诺把卖掉这些不常用的较大物品的钱放在她的学校基金里的时候，她才选择卖。8．答案与解析：planning 句意：这些年轻人承认，他们做有潜在的拍照机会的旅行计划，然后给朋友和朋友的朋友发信息，为他们网上的帖子求“赞”。9．答案与解析：reintroducing 动名词作宾语，consider doing sth.考虑做某事。句意：早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园。10．答案与解析：to collect 不定式作宾语，offer to do sth.主动提出做某事。句意：如果邻居要出城，主动提出去收邮件和报纸。11．答案与解析：taking 动名词作宾语，mean doing sth.意味着做某事。句意：新经历通常意味着要承担一些风险，所以你的大脑也会提高你对风险的容忍度。12．答案与解析：to sell 不定式作宾语，agree to do sth.同意做某事。句意：后来，她和父亲与一位超市老板进行了第一次商务会谈，这位老板最终同意出售Moore的产品——CanCandy。13．答案与解析：to bring 不定式作宾语，manage to do sth.设法做某事。句意：这辆公共汽车撞上了一根灯柱，打破了前门的玻璃，然后Harvold才成功使公共汽车停了下来。14．答案与解析：entering 动名词作介词的宾语。句意：参加和输掉这样一场比赛的可能性应该引起计算机科学家们的注意。15．答案与解析：taking sth. be worth doing某事值得做。句意：有时候，我们认为一些不必要的危险是值得的，因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险似乎是值得的。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 主题：人与社会(社会服务)。话题：申请成为志愿者。本文是一篇应用文。作者申请到一家博物馆做志愿者。1．答案与解析：to study intend后接不定式作宾语。2．答案与解析：to learn 表语形容词后接不定式作状语。3．答案与解析：doing appreciate后接动名词作宾语。4．答案与解析：to write have no choice but to do sth.除了……别无选择，该结构中but前面没有do，but后面不省to。5．答案与解析：speaking enjoy后接动名词作宾语。6．答案与解析：painting feel like doing sth.想要做某事。7．答案与解析：to help volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事。8．答案与解析：strengthen 动词，意为“加强”。9．答案与解析：to let 不定式在系动词is后面作表语。10．答案与解析：it I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
Part Ⅲ 单元语法——后跟动名词或不定式的动词1.只跟动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语[用法归纳](1)请牢记下面的口诀： 考虑 建议 盼 原谅(consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse) 承认 推迟 及 想像(admit, delay/put off, fancy) 避免 错过 继续 练(avoid, miss, keep/keep on， practise) 否认 完成 欣赏(deny， finish, enjoy/appreciate) 禁止 想象 和 冒险(forbid, imagine， risk) 不禁 介意 准 逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape) 难以忍受 始 反对(can't stand, get down to, object to) 想要 成功 坚持 忙(feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy in) 习惯 放弃 有困难(be used to, give up, have difficulty in) 导致 专心 防 道歉(lead to, devote...to, prevent...from, apologise for)(2)动名词主动形式表被动意义need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done需要被……deserve punishing＝deserve to be punished应受惩罚be worth doing＝be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done值得做……(3)固定句型：There is no point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。There is no possibility of doing sth.做某事是不可能的。(4)动词＋it＋宾补＋doing sth.六个常用动词：make, feel, find, consider, believe, think常用宾补：useless/no use/no gooda waste of time/no pleasureI think it useless/no use doing sth. 我认为做某事没有用。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Jean suggested ________ (ask) her father for his opinion.②She admitted ________ (do) wrong.③Nobody should delay ________ (hand) in the essay.④Try to avoid ________ (make) mistakes while giving the description about the case.⑤She insisted on ________ (check) everything herself.⑥I appreciate ________ (get) such a good chance to improve my academic level.⑦We are going to practise ________ (park).⑧I can't help ________ (be) angry about his rude behaviour.⑨If you think you are sick you should not put off ________ (go) to the doctor.⑩They objected to ________ (leave) in such a hurry.⑪We do not permit ________ (smoke) in the room.⑫Do you feel like ________ (have) a word with him and try to clear up misunderstanding?⑬We have much difficulty in ________ (contact) our previous friends.⑭I'm going to get down to ________ (study) English this term.⑮We look forward to ________ (bring) in new technology.⑯About onethird of the books ________________________(值得一读).⑰________________________ (没有意义) discussing how long the disaster will last.⑱________________________(我感觉……是浪费时间) arguing with him about the matter.⑲Anyone who breaks the rule by design in the Olympic Games ________________________(应受惩罚).2．只跟不定式作宾语的动词[用法归纳](1)接不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine learn want 决心 学会 想 expect/hope refuse manage wish 希望 拒绝 设法 愿 pretend offer promise choose plan 假装 主动 许诺 选 计划 agree ask/beg help 同意 请求 帮助(2)不定式作介词but，except的宾语·前有do，后省to：I have nothing to do but depend on myself.我没有办法，只好依靠自己。·前面没有do，后面就带to：He has no choice but to give in.除了让步，他别无选择。(3)动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.六个常用动词：make, feel, find, consider, believe, thinkI find it difficult to speak English fluently.我发现要能流利地说英语是很难的。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①When his father stepped into his room, he pretended ________ (study).②All the people in the world expect ________ (live) in a peaceful country.③He still refused ________ (give) a statement to the police although he had been put into prison.④I have offered ________ (paint) the house in exchange for a week's accommodation.⑤He used to have nothing to do but ________________________ (整天看电视).⑥We all ________________________ (认为这很遗憾) for Holland to lose the match.⑦He ________________________ (把读……当成常规) English aloud every morning.⑧We ________________________ (感觉这是我们的责任) make our country a better place.3．既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和动词短语[用法归纳] (1)下列动词(短语)既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有很大区别。forget eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.忘记做过某事,to do sth.忘记去做某事)) remember eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.记得做过某事,to do sth.记得去做某事)) regret eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.后悔做过某事,to do sth.遗憾地去做某事)) stop eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.停止做某事,to do sth.停下来去做某事)) try eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.尝试做某事,to do sth.努力做某事)) mean eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.意味着做某事,to do sth.意欲/打算做某事)) can't help eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.禁不住做某事,to do sth.不能帮助做某事)) go on eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(doing sth.继续做某事（同一件事）,to do sth.继续做某事（另一件事）)) (2)动词like, dislike, hate, love, prefer后接动名词和不定式作宾语均可。如果表示经常性的习惯行为，常用动名词；如果表示具体的一次性的行为，常用不定式。(3)动词begin, start后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意义差别不大，但在以下三种情况下，只接不定式：①begin, start的主语是物时。②begin, start本身用于进行时态时。③begin, start后接的是表示人的精神状况或心理活动的动词，如feel, realise, understand, wonder, know等时。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Don't forget ________ (turn) off the light when you leave the room.②He said he regretted not ________ (be) able to help.③He has been trying ________ (solve) the problem.④Seeing the teenagers, I can't help ________ (think) back to my boyhood.⑤He will never forget ________ (be) in such an embarrassing situation.⑥Adam forgot ________ (make) an appointment with me yesterday. I waited him the whole afternoon.⑦I regret ________ (tell) you that you can't be my assistant for your broken English.⑧These new orders for our products will mean ________ (work) overtime.⑨Stop ________ (search) for answers on the website. You should work the maths problems out by yourself.⑩I'm sorry for what I have done. I didn't mean ________ (make) you embarrassed.⑪I dislike my wife ________ (go) out often.⑫He preferred ________ (die) rather than steal.⑬I like ________ (swim), but I don't like ________ (swim) this afternoon.⑭Cross talks are an art form people love ________ (see) and hear.⑮They were walking so slowly that I began ________ (feel) bored.⑯Please ________________________ (记得给我打个电话) when you get there.⑰I ________________________ (非常遗憾地说) that he is badly ill.⑱I'm very busy and I ________________________ (不能帮助整理教室).⑲Tom ________________________ (开始学) how to use the computer.Ⅰ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[北京卷]Neighbors devoted their spare time to ________ (help) others rebuild.2．[北京卷]—Did you have difficulty ________ (find) Ann's house?—Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.3．[2018·北京卷]They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid ________ (pay) for parking.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Lots of people find it hard ________ (get) up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.5．[2017·浙江卷]She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them ________ (calm) down and sleep.6．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ]Imagine a child ________ (stand) on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Should I jump？”7．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised ________ (put) the money into her school fund (基金).8．[2018·江苏卷]The youngsters admitted ________ (plan) trips around potential photoopportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “likes” for their online posts.9．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider ________ (reintroduce) wolves to Yellowstone Park.10．[2018·浙江卷]If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer ________ (collect) mail and newspapers.11．[北京卷]New experiences often mean ________ (take) some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.12．[2019·北京卷]Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed ________ (sell) Moore's product—CanCandy.13．[2017·浙江卷11月]The bus hit a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold managed ________ (bring) the bus to a stop.14．[2017·北京卷]The possibility of ________ (enter) into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.15．[北京卷]Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth ________ (take).Ⅱ.短文语法填空My name is Li Hua, a student from China. I intend 1.________ (study) in London during the summer vacation. I'm glad 2.________ (learn) that your museum will hold an exhibition of Chinese paintings. I appreciate 3.________ (do) some voluntary work for the exhibition. So I have no choice but 4.________ (write) and apply for the opportunity.I enjoy 5.________ (speak) English and feel like 6.________ (paint) something. I would like to volunteer 7.________ (help) visitors, introduce Chinese paintings, spread Chinese culture, and 8.________ (strong) world cultural exchanges. My aim is 9.________ (let) China go to the world and let the world understand China. I would appreciate 10.________ if you could agree to my request.Part Ⅲ 单元语法——后跟动名词或不定式的动词核心突破·要点讲解1．①asking ②doing/having done ③handing ④making ⑤checking ⑥getting ⑦parking ⑧being ⑨going ⑩leaving ⑪smoking⑫having ⑬contacting ⑭studying ⑮bringing ⑯are worth reading/are worthy of being read/are worthy to be read ⑰There is no point (in) ⑱I felt it a waste of time ⑲deserves punishing/to be punished2．①to be studying ②to live ③to give ④to paint ⑤watch TV all day long ⑥think it a pity ⑦makes it a rule to read ⑧feel it our duty to3．①to turn ②being/having been ③to solve ④thinking ⑤being/having been ⑥making/having made ⑦to tell ⑧working⑨searching ⑩to make ⑪going ⑫to die ⑬swimming to swim ⑭to see ⑮to feel ⑯remember to give me a phone call ⑰regret to say ⑱can't help to tidy the classroom ⑲began learning/to learn夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.1．答案与解析：helping devote...to...，把……奉献于……，把……致力于……，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。句意：邻居们把他们的业余时间用来帮助其他人重建家园。2．答案与解析：finding have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。句意：“你找安的家有困难吗？”“不是很难。她给了我们清楚的指引，我们很容易就找到了。”3．答案与解析：paying 动名词作宾语，avoid doing sth.避免做某事。句意：他们把自己的无人驾驶汽车开到约会地点，然后把空车设置成绕着这栋建筑转圈，以避免支付停车费。4．答案与解析：to get it是形式宾语，不定式短语是真正的宾语。句意：很多人发现早上起床很难，并把责任归咎于闹钟。5．答案与解析：to calm it是形式宾语，动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。句意：她说，这些睡前活动会让孩子们兴奋不已，让他们很难平静下来睡觉。6．答案与解析：standing imagine后面接动名词作宾语。句意：想象一下，一个孩子站在四英尺高的跳板上问自己：“我应该跳下去吗？”7．答案与解析：to put 句意：当我们许诺把卖掉这些不常用的较大物品的钱放在她的学校基金里的时候，她才选择卖。8．答案与解析：planning 句意：这些年轻人承认，他们做有潜在的拍照机会的旅行计划，然后给朋友和朋友的朋友发信息，为他们网上的帖子求“赞”。9．答案与解析：reintroducing 动名词作宾语，consider doing sth.考虑做某事。句意：早在1966年，生物学家就要求政府考虑将狼重新引入黄石公园。10．答案与解析：to collect 不定式作宾语，offer to do sth.主动提出做某事。句意：如果邻居要出城，主动提出去收邮件和报纸。11．答案与解析：taking 动名词作宾语，mean doing sth.意味着做某事。句意：新经历通常意味着要承担一些风险，所以你的大脑也会提高你对风险的容忍度。12．答案与解析：to sell 不定式作宾语，agree to do sth.同意做某事。句意：后来，她和父亲与一位超市老板进行了第一次商务会谈，这位老板最终同意出售Moore的产品——CanCandy。13．答案与解析：to bring 不定式作宾语，manage to do sth.设法做某事。句意：这辆公共汽车撞上了一根灯柱，打破了前门的玻璃，然后Harvold才成功使公共汽车停了下来。14．答案与解析：entering 动名词作介词的宾语。句意：参加和输掉这样一场比赛的可能性应该引起计算机科学家们的注意。15．答案与解析：taking sth. be worth doing某事值得做。句意：有时候，我们认为一些不必要的危险是值得的，因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险似乎是值得的。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】 主题：人与社会(社会服务)。话题：申请成为志愿者。本文是一篇应用文。作者申请到一家博物馆做志愿者。1．答案与解析：to study intend后接不定式作宾语。2．答案与解析：to learn 表语形容词后接不定式作状语。3．答案与解析：doing appreciate后接动名词作宾语。4．答案与解析：to write have no choice but to do sth.除了……别无选择，该结构中but前面没有do，but后面不省to。5．答案与解析：speaking enjoy后接动名词作宾语。6．答案与解析：painting feel like doing sth.想要做某事。7．答案与解析：to help volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事。8．答案与解析：strengthen 动词，意为“加强”。9．答案与解析：to let 不定式在系动词is后面作表语。10．答案与解析：it I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
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