新教材2023版高中英语Unit1RelationshipsPartⅥ单元语法专题__过去完成时学案北师大版选择性必修第一册

Part Ⅵ　单元语法专题——过去完成时

语法精讲

一、过去完成时的构成

过去完成时的构成：had done

过去完成时的被动式：had been done

❶She had learned Chinese before she came to China.她来中国前已经学过中文了。

❷I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.我发现这场讲座很难听懂，因为我到的时候讲座已经开始了。

❸In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn't been invented yet. 20世纪50年代，在美国大多数家庭里只有一部电话，那时无绳电话还没有被发明。

❹How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended？地震结束时有多少建筑物被摧毁了？

二、过去完成时的用法

1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束的动作。

❶The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。

❷A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.史密斯先生在来到中国几个月之后，就爱上了那里的人和文化。

❸By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经完成了大部分的工作。

❹She had learnt about 500 English words before she went to junior middle school.在上初中之前，她已经学了大约500个英语单词。

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①One morning she told her children about a family she ________ (visit) the day before.

②By about 6000 BC, people ________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

③We found that the least well­liked teens ________ (become) more aggressive over time toward their classmates.

④I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years.

2．表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时刻，而且到那时还未结束，仍有延续下去的可能。

❶By Tuesday, he still hadn't finished the paper.

到星期二，他还没有写完论文。

❷I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.我在公共汽车站等了30分钟，终于来了一辆公共汽车。

❸When Alice came to, she did not know how long she had been lying there.当爱丽丝醒来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①By mid­1963, the Beatles ________ (be) extremely popular in England.

②When walking down the street, I cam across David, whom I ________ for years.

3．want，hope，mean，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来……”。

❶We had intended to come and see you.

我们本来打算来看你的。

❷I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train.我本来希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。

[即学即练3]　选择题

I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it.

A．had hoped　　　　　　　　B．am hoping

C．have hoped  D．would hope

4．常用过去完成时的固定句型：

(1)在“hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than...”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

❶I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain.(＝No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.)我刚到家就开始下雨了。

(2)It was the first/second/...time＋(that)从句．(从句用过去完成时)

❷It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。

三、过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：

1．时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较：

❶They had arrived at the station by ten o'clock yesterday.他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。

❷They arrived at the station at ten o'clock yesterday.他们昨天十点到达了车站。

2．在没有明确的时间状语时，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作则用一般过去时。

A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两个被困在山里两天的游客。

[即学即练4]　单句语法填空

The twins, who ________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.

[特别提醒]

如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

Jane went out to the park after she had read/read the paper.

简读完了报纸就外出去公园了。

语法专练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ________ (hang) up, her voice ________ (be) full of life.

2．Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time­consuming than we ________ (expect)．

3．A few days ago, I ________ (run) into a stranger as he passed by.

4．It ________ (rain) lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo. But I didn't care. A few hours before, I ________ (be) at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.

5．This ________ (be) the first time that he had seen such beautiful scenery.

6．Last night's TV news ________ (say) that by then the death of the missing people had not ________ (prove) yet.

7．I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She ________ (find) a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I ________ (see) a 2­to 3­week­old owl.

8．We ________ (paint) the house before we moved in.

9．The teacher asked if we ________ (finish) our homework.

10．No sooner had she had time to sit and have a rest than the phone ________ (ring) again.

11．He ________ (master) three foreign languages by the time he was 14.

12．This kind of material ________ (replace) by last century.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．他一直看着她，想知道以前是否在哪里见过她。

He kept looking at her, wondering ________________ somewhere before. (see)

2．截至昨晚9点，我们已经收到200多封观众的来信。

By nine o'clock last night, ________________ from the audience. (receive)

3．他们本来打算在10点之前到达北京，但是火车晚点了。

They ________________， but the train was late. (intend)

4．她一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。

No sooner ________________ on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. (step)

5．这是我第一次参加英语演讲比赛。

It was the first time that ________________. (take)

6．他一进入办公室，就意识到他忘记把报告带过来了。

Hardly ________________ the office when he realized that he had forgotten to bring his report. (hardly...when)

7．他正在读一本书，这书的作者他从未听说过。

He was reading a book ________________. (hear)

8．在加入她的班级之前，我一直不相信自己的写作能力。

Until I joined her class, I ________________. (believe)

Ⅲ.语法填空

It was getting dark when I 1.________ (get) home. It was cold and I was wearing a coat. I walked up to the door and 2.________ (put) my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but couldn't find 3.________. I suddenly remembered that I 4.________ (leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didn't make any difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must 5.________ (come) back from school by then, so I 6.________ (knock) at the door. There was no answer. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something my colleague 7.________ (tell) me at noon. He said that my wife 8.________ (phone) to say that she 9.________ (go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. It seemed 10.________ nothing could be done and I would be shut out of my house.

Part Ⅵ　单元语法专题——过去完成时

语法精讲

[即学即练1]

①had visited　句意：一天早晨，她告诉孩子们她前一天去拜访过的一个家庭。由句意及the day before可知，从句中visit所表示的动作发生在主句动词told所表示的动作之前，因此用过去完成时。

②had discovered　句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子结构可知，主语people和discover之间为主谓关系，再结合时间状语By about 6000 BC可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had discovered。

③had become　主句的谓语动词“found”表示发生在过去的动作，其时态是一般过去时。而根据语境可知，宾语从句的谓语动词所表示的动作应发生在“found”这个动作之前，应用过去完成时。故填had become。

④had been carried　句意：上个月我被派到那个村子去，看看过去两年内发展计划的实施情况。由句意可知，carry out表示的动作发生在was sent to the village之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时；此外the development plan与carry out之间是动宾关系，故填had been carried。

[即学即练2]

①had been　句意：到1963年年中时，披头士乐队在英格兰已经非常受欢迎了。根据句意及时间状语“By mid­1963”可知，空处应用过去完成时。

②hadn't seen　句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我偶然遇见了戴维，我已多年未见过他。根据语境可知，“多年未见”的状态一直持续到“遇见了戴维”时，而“came across”表明遇见戴维是发生在过去的动作，故空处应用过去完成时。

[即学即练3]

A　句意：我本希望在彼得结婚时送他一份贺礼的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn't”用的是一般过去时，发生在它之前的动作应用过去完成时。此外，动词hope用过去完成时，常常用来表示过去没有实现的希望或打算。

[即学即练4]

had finished　根据语境可知，“完成作业”是在“were allowed”之前发生的动作，发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。

语法专练

Ⅰ.

1．hung　had been　从上下文看，句中时态都是过去时态；by the time引导时间状语从句，在此类从句中若表示过去的时间或动作，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。

2．had expected　句意为：手写所有的请柬比我们之前预想的要耗时更久。因为主句时态是一般过去时，所以“之前的预期”要用过去完成时。

3．ran　根据时间状语A few days ago可知，此处应该用一般过去时。

4．was raining　had been　句意为：我到阳朔时正在下小雨，但是我不在意。几小时前，我还在香港的家里，那里充满了令人窒息的烟雾。

5．was　此处为固定句型“It/This/That was the first(second，etc) time(that)＋sb./sth. had done...”，意为“这/那是某人/某物第几次做某事”。

6．said　been proved　根据时间状语Last night可知，第一空需要用一般过去时。再根据时间状语by then可知，“prove”这个动作发生在“said”之前，要用过去完成时，且失踪人员的死亡还没有“被证实”，故用被动语态。

7．had found　saw　根据语境可知，“发现(find)”这个动作发生在“接电话(got a rescue call)”之前，应用过去完成时，故填had found。第二句的句意为：当我到那儿时，我看到了一只两到三周大的猫头鹰。这句话单纯描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。

8．had painted　9.had finished　10.rang　11.had mastered　12.had been replaced

Ⅱ.

1．whether he had seen her　2.we had received more than 200 letters　3.had intended to arrive in Beijing before 10 o'clock　4.had she stepped　5.I had taken part in an English speech contest　6.had he entered　7.whose writer he had never heard of　8.hadn't believed in my ability as a writer

Ⅲ.

1．got　2.put　3.it　4.had left　5.have come　6.knocked　7.had told　8.had phoned　9.would go　10.that