高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land精品课后复习题

A Pioneer for All People

Yuan Longping, known as the “father of 1. h_______(杂交植物) rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has 2. d_________ (把......献给) his life.

Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 3. s__________(短缺) of food to eat. To 4. t________(解决) this 5. c________(危机), he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.

After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to 6. b______(使增长) 7. y_______(产量) in the fields they had. How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was 8. c________(使相信) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One 9. c_______________(特征) of hybrids is that they usually 10. a________(获得) a higher yield than 11. c_______________(传统的) crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of 12. self-p_________(授粉) plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common 13. a___________ (假定) then was that it could not be done. Through 14. i__________ (热切的) effort, Yuan 15. o_________(克服) enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to 16. e________(扩大) their 17. o_______(产量) greatly.

Today, it is 18. e________(估计) that about 60 percent of 19. d________(本国的) rice 20. c_____________(消耗) in China is 21. c__________(由......组成) of crops 22. g_________(产生) from Yuan’s hybrid 23. s_______(品种), and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.

Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of 24. l________(闲暇). However, this is far from the case. 25. ______________(本质上), Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the 26. s______ (泥土), he cares little for 27. c________(名望) or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.

What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he 28. e__________ (展望) rice plants as tall as 29. s_________(高粱), with each ear of rice as big as a 30. b_______(扫把), and each 31. g______(谷物) of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest 32. v_______ (想象) for “seawater rice” has also become a 33. r________(现实), and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of 34. s_______(含盐的) land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.

1. hybrid

2. devoted

3. shortage
4. tackle
5. crisis

6. boost
7. yields
8. Convinced

9. characteristic
10. attain
11. conventional
12. pollinating

13. assumption
14. intense
15. overcame
16. expand
17. output

18. estimated
19. domestic
20. consumption
21. comprised
22. generated
23. strains

24. leisure
25. Deep down
26. soil
27. celebrity

28. envisioned
29. sorghum
30. broom
31. grain
32. vision
33. reality
34. salty

A Pioneer for All People

Yuan Longping, 1._________(know) as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he 2. ________(continual) works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim 3. ________ strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to 4. _______he has devoted his life.

Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, 5. _______concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious 6. _______(short) of food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.

After 7. __________(graduate)in 1953, he worked 8. _________ a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.9. _________, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had. How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan 10. ________(convince) that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is 11. _________ they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, 12. ________it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common 13. ___________(assume) then was that it could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.

Today, it 14. __________(estimate) that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable 15. _________(contribute), Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad.

Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations 16. ___________(support) agricultural research.

________ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability 18. _________(fulfil) his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded 19. ________ producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. 20. ________ his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see 21. ________ he will dream up next.

1. known
2. continually
3. but
4. whom

5. what
6. shortage

7. graduating
8. as
9. Instead
10. convinced
11. that
12. whether
13. assumption

14. estimated
15. contributions

16. support

17. What
18. fulfil
19. in
20. Despite
21. what

A Pioneer for All People

Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. 1. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.(确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。)

Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. 2. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.(然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。) To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.

  After graduating in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping 3. realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.(意识到解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。) 4. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time.(如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。) Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 5. Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.(通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。) This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.

Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 6.Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.(袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。) Because of his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad. 

7.Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure.(考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。) However, this is far from the case. 8. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart.(实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。) 9.As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.(作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。) 

10.What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.(袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。) Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production. 11. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.(尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。)

Chemical Versus 1. O_______(有机的) Farming

C________(化学的) 3. p_________(杀虫剂) and artificial 4. f_________(肥料) have been in 5. w_________(普遍的) use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.

For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful 6. b_______(细菌) and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, 7. _________(转而), the animals and humans who 8. d______(消化) them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in 9. n________(营养). They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than 10. e________(极其重要的) 11. m_________(矿物质), and they often have less flavour as well.

As an 12. a___________(可供选择的事物), some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local 13. g________(食品杂货店). Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.

Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For 14. i________(实例), they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different 15. d_______(深度) of soil to help keep it rich. For example peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep 16. r_____(根茎). The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.

Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture 17. e________(完全地). What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.

1. Organic
2. Chemical
3. pesticides
4. fertilisers
5. widespread

6. bacteria
7. in turn
8. digest

9. nutrition
10. essential
11. minerals

12. alternative
13. grocery

14. instance

15. depths
16. roots

17. entirely

Chemical Versus Organic Farming

Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers 1.________ (be) in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them 2. ______a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, 3. ________ some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm 4. ______ the land and people’s health.

For example, pesticides can damage the land 5. _______ killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, 6. ________ also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops 7. ________(grow) on the land and, 8. _____ turn, the animals and humans who digest them. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer. In fact, some pesticides like DDT 9. ____________(prohibit) in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. 10. ______ for chemical fertilisers, crops 11. ________(grow) with them usually grow too fast to be rich 12. ______ nutrition. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water 13. ________ essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.

As an alternative, some farmers have switched 14. __________ organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming 15. ________ using any chemicals. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease 16. _______ natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields 17. ________(rich) in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.

Organic farmers also use many other methods 18. __________(produce) rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, 19. ______ (make) it ready for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different 20. _______(deep) of soil to help keep it rich. For example peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. The goal of using different organic farming methods is 21. _____ (grow) good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.

Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. 22. ____ keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. 23. _______, there is still a long way to find a suitable 24. _________(solve) that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while 25. _______(keep) people and the environment as healthy as possible.

1. have been
2. as
3. what
4. both

5. by
6. but
7. grown
8. in
9. have been prohibit
10. As
11. grown
12. in
13. than

14. to
15.  without
16.  through
17. richer

18. to produce

19. making
20. depths
21. to grow

22. What
23. Therefore
24. solution
25. keeping

Chemical Versus Organic Farming

1. Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.(自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在耕作中得到了广泛使用。) 2. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(当它们第一次被引进时，很多农民喜欢使用农药和化肥，把它们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。) Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health.

For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. 3. Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.(许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至导致癌症。) In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. 4. They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.(它们表面上很好看，但是里面的水分通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。)

As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. 5. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.(有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。) 6. Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.(有机耕作的农民注重通过自然的方式保持土壤肥沃和免受病害。) For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. 7. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.(这样会使他们地里的土壤更富含矿物质，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。)

Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops. 8. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物，利用不同层次的土壤来帮助保持肥沃。) For example peanuts grow on the ground’s surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. 9. The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.(使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。)

Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.(有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。) 11. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。) Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need. 12. Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.(因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。)