高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture精品练习题

CULTURE AND CUISINE

The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” Put more s____1____(简单地), this means “You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to healthy eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our p___2______(个性), character, and culture.

  Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese c______3___(菜肴,烹饪) is a case in point. P____4___(先前的) to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to s___5___(满足) American tastes. For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken,which c____6_______(由...组成)fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red p____7___(甜椒). This is probably not an authentic Chinese r_____8___(食谱), however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love b____9__(大胆自信的), simple f____10____(味道，口味). And since the dish was also invented r___11_____(最近), it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.

Later, I had a chance to experience a____12_____(真正的) Chinese food by coming to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been r____13______(推荐) to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how to order, so the c____14__(厨师) just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an e____15___(完全地) new taste: Sichuan p___16____(胡椒粒). The food was wonderful and different, but what was even more important was the friendship offered us.

   We soon moved to Shandong P__17_____(省) in the eastern part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled d___18____(饺子) served with v______19__(醋). I observed that family is important to the people there. It has become a favourite t____20___(传统的) dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone — from the youngest to the oldest — joining in to help. Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls s___21______(填满) with s___22_____(薄片) Chinese green o_____23___(洋葱).

  Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally w___24___(漫步) the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually __25____(煮的) or roasted meat, such as l____26____ k___27____(烤羊肉串).

Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local dishes, from Guangdong's e___28_____(精美的，优雅的) dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the e____29____(特别的，罕见的) stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as v___30___(改变的) as the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and kindness.

At a m___31______(最小值，最少量),the kinds of food local people c____32____(消耗，吃) tell us what they grow in their r____33____(地区), what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavors are bold themselves? Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot t____34_____(脾气)? Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, however, is that culture and cuisine go hand in hand, and if you do not e____35___(体验) one, you can never really know the other.

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CULTURE AND CUISINE

The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me __1_____ you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” Put more ____2____(simple), this means “You are what you eat.” Most people today relate this saying to __3___(health) eating. However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring __4____ our personality, character, and culture.

  Certainly, in many ways this seems to be true. Chinese cuisine is a case in point. Prior ____5___ coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food ___6__ had been changed to suit American tastes. For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken,___7__ consists __8___ fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers. This is __9_____(probable) not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. ___10__the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold, simple ___11___(flavour). And since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.

Later, I had a chance___12____( experience) authentic Chinese food by ___13____(come) to China. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant ____14___( recommend) to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. Tired, hungry, and not knowing a word of Chinese, we had no idea how __15____( order), so the chef  just began filling our table ____16__ the best food we had ever eaten. With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an ___17___(entire) new taste: Sichuan pepper corns. The food was wonderful and different, but ___18__ was even more important was the friendship offered us.

   We soon moved to Shandong Province in the __19___(east) part of North China. My favourite dish there was boiled dumplings _____20__(serve) with vinegar. I observed that family is important to the people there. It __21____(become) a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, ___22____ making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone — from the youngest to the oldest — joining in to help. Later, I learnt __23____ the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls ___24___(stuff) with sliced Chinese green onions.

  Then we moved to ____25___(north) Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups ___26____(traditional) wandered the open range on horses. As ____27__ result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled ___28___ roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.

Our travels then __29____(take) us to South China, and then on to central China. In each place we went, we experienced wonderful local __30_____(dish), from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. Everywhere, the food was as varied ___31___ the people. However, one thing is always true: Through food, Chinese people everywhere show friendship and ___32____(kind).

____33___ a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of ___34__(life) they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those ____35___ like bold flavours are bold themselves? ___36_____, that those who like spicy food tend ____37__( have) a hot temper? Maybe. Maybe not. What we can say, however, is ___38___ culture and cuisine go hand ___39___ hand, and if you do not experience one, you can never really know ___40____ other.

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CULTURE AND CUISINE

The French author Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin once wrote, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are.” 1._______________________________________________简单地说，这句话就是“人如其食”的意思。2.__________________________________________如今，大多数人把这条谚语与健康饮食联系起来However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture.

3________________________________________________________当然，从很多方面来看，此话不假。中国菜就是个很好的例子。4.________________________________________________________________

1.   _____________________________________________ 来中国之前，我只在美国接触过中式烹任，那里的中国食物已被改变，以适应美国人的口味。 For example, America's most popular Chinese dish is General Tso's chicken,which consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce, flavoured with hot red peppers. This is probably not an authentic Chinese recipe, however, so it cannot tell us much about the Chinese. On the other hand, it does tell us a lot about Americans. It tells us, for example, that Americans love bold, simple flavours. And since the dish was also invented recently, it tells us that Americans are not afraid to try new foods.

  5._______________________________________________________________后来，我来到中国，有机会品尝地道的中国食物。When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 6.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________我们疲惫不堪，饥肠辘辘，也不认识一个汉字，不知道该怎么点餐，所以厨师径自在我们的桌子上摆满食物;7.__________________________________________________________于是，我们高高兴兴地体验了种全新的口味With this, we had the pleasure of experiencing an entirely new taste: Sichuan pepper corns.8._______________________________________________________食物妙不可言、与众不同，但更为重要的是我们所获得的友谊。

We soon moved to Shandong Province in the eastern part of North China. 9.______________________________________________在那里我最喜爱的食物是蘸着醋吃的水饺。 I observed that family is important to the people there. 10.___________________________________________

______________________________________________________水饺已成为华北人民最喜爱的一种传统食物:包饺子一直是一项全员参与的家庭活动，无论老少都会加入进来帮忙。Later, I learnt that the most famous food in Shandong is pancake rolls stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions.

   Then we moved to northern Xinjiang. Some of our friends were Kazak and Inner Mongolian. These groups traditionally wandered the open range on horses. As a result, their traditional foods are what you can cook over an open fire—usually boiled or roasted meat, such as lamb kebab.

Our travels then took us to South China, and then on to central China. 11.___________________________

______________________________我们每到一处，都会品尝当地美食, from Guangdong's elegant dim sum—small servings of food in bamboo steamers—to the exceptional stewed noodles in Henan. 12.___________________________________________________________________________________________所到之处的美食与当地人一样精彩纷呈。然而，有一件事始终不变:每个地方的中国人都通过食物展现友情与善意。

At a minimum,the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region, what kinds of lives they lead, and what they like and do not like. Could we also say, for example, that those who like bold flavours are bold themselves? Or, that those who like spicy food tend to have a hot temper? Maybe. Maybe not. 13._____________________________________________________________________________________________但是，我们可以确定的是，文化和美食这两者息息相关，如果你没有体验过其中的一个，你就永远无法真正了解另一个。

HEALTHY EATING

There is much d____1___(讨论，辩论) nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists have i____2___(坚持认为) for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is increasing e_____3___(证据) that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar. Heart d___4_____(疾病) is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily c___5____(卡路里) or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical A____6___(协会), 2014). This is true r___7_____(不管，不顾) how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more s_____8__(简单地), while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.

  Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The a____9____(平均的) American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association r____10____(推荐，建议) that we limit ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, which is less than what is usually c_____11___(含有) in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. In other words, if you want to be healthy, you have to c____12______ (削减，减少) desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.

Beyond this, you can keep healthy by c____13____(消耗，吃) different c___14_____(类别，种类) of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables, which are full of v____15_____(维生素) and f___16___(纤维), rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher q______17__(数量) of sugar, salt, and fat than f____18___(新鲜的) ingredients. Besides this, it is also important to have some meat, beans, or d____19___(奶制的) products in your diet, as they p___20_____(提供) the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle growth. As with everything in life, m______21__(适度) is key. The i___22____(理想的) diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing.

Finally, a f____23_____(基础的，根本的) key to healthy eating is to eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your b____24___(大脑) to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who c____25____(咀嚼) too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to d____26___(消化) your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In addition, studies show that c____27____(连续的，一致的) eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, are better for our health. It is also better to eat a m___28____(些许的) amount of food each time, r______29___(而不是) to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.

There is no one t_____30__(诀窍，把戏) to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy a____31___(态度) towards food. One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat?” If you are using food mostly for n_____32___(营养), then you are on the right t____33___(跑道，路线) with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road to bad health. It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right d____34___(决定) about your diet.

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HEALTHY EATING

There is much debate nowadays as to what makes up a healthy diet. For example, scientists ____1__( insist) for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food. However, there is ____2__(increase) evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much __3___(fat) food, as it is sugar. Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. And in America, people __4____ receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease than people who receive less __5____ 10% a day (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless ___6___ how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more ___7__(simple), while people continue to argue ___8___ whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.

  Much of this extra sugar comes __9___ sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. The American Heart Association recommends that we __10___(limit) ourselves to less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar, ____11___ is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar. __12____ other words, if you want to be ___13___(health), you have to cut __14___ on desserts, and cut out sweet drinks altogether.

Beyond this, you can keep healthy by __15_____(consume) different categories of fresh foods, __16_____(especial) fruit and vegetables, which are full____17___ vitamins and fibre, rather than processed foods. Processed foods often contain ___18__(little) nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients. Besides this, it is also important __19___(have) some meat, beans, or dairy products in your diet, as they provide the necessary protein for strong bones and muscle __20____(grow). As with everything in life, moderation is key. The ideal diet is a _____21___(balance) one, without too much or too little of any one thing.

Finally, a fundamental key __22___ healthy eating is to eat slowly. It  takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain __23____( tell) your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up __24___(eat) too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body __25____(digest) your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more. In __26____(add), studies show that consistent eating habits, for example, taking three meals a day at the same time each day, ___27___(be) better for our health. It is also better to eat a modest amount of food each time, rather __28____ to eat a lot in one meal, and then a little in the next.

There is no one trick to healthy eating. Rather, healthy eating starts with having a healthy attitude __29_____ food. One question you can ask __30______(you) is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat?” If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. However, if food has become the centre of your life, you might be on the road _31____ bad health. It is up to you to decide ___32___ you want to live, and to make the right ___33_____(decide) about your diet.

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HEALTHY EATING

1.      _______________________________________________当下，何为健康饮食仍众说纷纭。 For example, scientists have insisted for years that a big enemy of health is fatty food.2.___________________

________________________________________________然而，越来越多的证据表明，导致不良健康的真正因素并非高脂肪食物，而是糖分。Heart disease is the number one killer of Americans. 3._________________________________________________________________________________________________在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更高卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍 (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2014). This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over whether or not fatty food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer.

  Much of this extra sugar comes from sweets and sweet drinks. The average American gets 1/3 of his or her sugar through sweet drinks alone. 4._______________________________________________美国心脏协会建议我们将每日糖摄入量限制在100至150卡路里以下， which is less than what is usually contained in one can of sweet drink or in a single candy bar.5.____________________________________________________

______________________________________换言之，要想身体健康，就必须少吃甜点，完全禁饮甜饮料。

6________________________________________________________________________________________________________________除此以外，为了保持身体健康，你还可以食用不同种类的新鲜食物，尤其是富含维生素和纤维素的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar, salt, and fat than fresh ingredients.7.____________________________________

_______________________ 此外，饮食中摄取一些肉类、豆类或奶制品也十分重要，因为这些食物为强壮骨骼、肌肉生长提供必要的蛋白质。8.___________________________________________________适量是关键，生活中万事均如此。 9.___________________________________________ 理想的饮食是均衡饮食，避免过多或过少摄入任何一种成分。

10.   _______________________________________________________最后，健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。 It takes about twenty minutes from the time you start eating for your brain to tell your body that you are full. What this means is that people who chew too quickly end up eating too much food because they still feel hungry. Eating slowly also allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more.11.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________此外，研究表明，有规律的饮食习惯对我们的健康更有好处，例如，每天固定时间食用三餐。12.____________________________________________________________________而且最好每餐摄入适量的食物，而不是上一餐吃很多，下一餐吃得很少。

13.______________________________________________________________________________________健康饮食没有诀窍。相反，健康饮食始于健康的饮食态度。One question you can ask yourself is, “Do I eat to live, or live to eat?” 14.__________________________________________________________如果你吃饭主要是为了汲取营养，那么你已经在饮食上走对了路子。然而，如果食物已成为你生活的核心，那么你可能已踏上不健康之路。 15._________________________________________________________________________

___________________________你想如何生活如何做出正确的饮食决择，这完全取决于你自己。