英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Onwards and upwards学案

Section Ⅱ　Using language

1.worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的

(教材原句)Even though being a scout has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile.虽然当球探有挑战性，但我觉得这是值得的。

❶His excellent grades made his efforts worthwhile.

他的优异成绩使他的努力变得值得。

❷I consider it worthwhile to keep reading the classics.

我认为坚持阅读经典作品是值得的。

❸It is worthwhile consulting/to consult your teacher about it again.

再向你的老师请教一下这件事是值得的。

[归纳探究]

make...worthwhile    使……值得

consider/find/think...worthwhile    认为……值得；觉得……值得

It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.    做某事是值得的

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①________ isn't worthwhile for you to wait any longer.

②It is worthwhile ________ (take) the trouble to explain a job fully.

2.enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的

(教材原句)．..someone who is extremely enthusiastic and enjoys working extremely hard.

……一个非常热心、喜欢非常努力地工作的人。

❶She is enthusiastic about the poems of this Poet Laureate.

她对这位桂冠诗人的诗很感兴趣。

❷He is very enthusiastic about carrying out education in the countryside.

他对在农村开展教育事业非常热心。

❸The fans cheer enthusiastically for their favorite players and teams.

狂热爱好者们热情地为他们喜爱的选手和队伍欢呼。

❹He is full of enthusiasm for future life.

他对未来的生活充满了热情。

[归纳探究]

be enthusiastic about/for/over sth.    对……热心

be enthusiastic in...    在……方面热心

be enthusiastic to do sth.    喜欢做某事

have enthusiasm for sth.    对某事有热情

[单词积累]　

enthusiasm n．热情，热忱　

enthusiast n．热情人

enthusiastically adv.热情地

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Today, I am just as enthusiastic ________ my job as the day I first started.

②She is enthusiastic about ______ (help) others.

③The whole playground was excited with the audience cheering ______ (enthusiastic) for the athletes.

④We shouldn't feel discouraged right after the failure. Rather, we should keep trying ________ enthusiasm.

⑤The actors inspired the kids with their ________ (enthusiastic)．

3.upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的，难过的　v．使生气，使心烦意乱，打翻

❶She was upset to know that he had lost the manuscript.

得知他丢失了手稿，她很难过。

❷Try not to be too upset about it.尽量不要为此过于烦恼。

❸She was upset with me about my rejection.

她因为我的拒绝而生我的气。

❹I was upset that Debbie ignored me when I passed by her.

我走过黛比身边时，她没有理我，我为此感到不快。

❺It upset him that his friend had passed away.

他的朋友去世了，他很难过。

❻This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.

这个决定很可能会使许多人不快。

[归纳探究]

be upset to do sth./that...    做……让人心烦意乱，……让人心烦意乱

be upset about sth.    为某事心烦

be upset with sb.    生某人的气

It upsets sb. to do sth./that...    做……让某人烦心/……让某人烦心

upset the whole plan    打乱整个计划

[一言助记]　The bad news upset me. As a result, I upset a glass of milk on the desk, which upset my plan for feeding my pet. My kid was upset about it.

那则坏消息使我心烦意乱。结果，我打翻了书桌上的一杯牛奶，这打乱了我喂宠物的计划。我的孩子对此很不高兴。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Anne's sister Margot was very upset ________ her family had to move.

②She was upset ________ (hear) that the holiday had been cancelled.

③My parents were in a huge argument, and I was really upset ________ it.

④You are not still upset ________ me, are you?

⑤She stood up suddenly, ______ (upset) a glass of wine.

熟记下列重要知识点

①live life to the full    充实地生活

②not lift a finger    一点儿忙也不帮

③a wet blanket    扫兴的人或物

④an eager beaver    一个做事勤奋的人

⑤drag one's feet    拖拉

⑥turn over a new leaf    改过自新

⑦feel low    情绪不高

⑧come across    偶遇

⑨run for    竞选

⑩be proud of    以……为自豪

动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语

一、语法现象感知

①Pop art aimed to show ordinary twentieth-century city life.

②Instead, a picture should attempt to show the “life” of its subject.

③We plan to buy more paintings this year.

④I can get tired of looking at pictures all the time.

⑤My parents are fond of going to art galleries.

⑥She is looking forward to starting art classes at her new school.

二、语法规则理解

1．句①②③中的动词后接________作宾语。

2．句④⑤⑥中的动词短语后跟________作宾语。

　动词不定式、动词-ing形式作宾语主要用在固定动词、介词之后。

动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语

1．动词-ing形式作宾语

(1)下列动词只能用动词-ing形式作宾语： admit (承认), appreciate (欣赏), consider (考虑), mention (提及), delay (耽误), enjoy (喜欢), finish (完成), imagine (想象), miss (错过), practise (练习), resist (抵抗), risk (冒险), advise/suggest (建议), mind (介意), avoid (避免), allow (允许)。

❶I'm considering going abroad for further study.

我在考虑出国深造。

❷We should avoid making the same mistake.

我们应该避免犯同样的错误。

❸He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。

(2)英语中有些动词短语也常跟动词-ing作宾语。常见的有： be good at (擅长), be fond of (喜欢), be worth (值), devote to (致力于), feel like (想要), give up (放弃), have trouble/difficulty (in) (做某事有困难), look forward to (期望), pay attention to (注意), put off (推迟), be/get used to (习惯于), insist on (坚持)等。

❹I'm looking forward to hearing from you.

我盼望着收到你的来信。

[巧学妙记]　歌诀巧记常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：

建议考虑坚持练(suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practise)，

允许想象弃冒险(permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk)，

阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent, resist, deny, escape)，

不禁介意保持完(can't help, mind, keep, finish)，

耽误推迟求原谅(delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse)，

承认错过欣喜欢(admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy)。

2．动词不定式作宾语

(1)不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词后面，常见的有： agree (同意), offer (提出), intend/plan (打算，计划), demand (要求), promise (答应), help (帮忙), prepare (准备), decide (决定), refuse (拒绝), choose (选择), wish/hope/want/expect (希望，想要), fail (不能), pretend (假装), manage (设法), determine (决心), beg (恳求，祈求), arrange (安排，准备), threaten (威胁), claim (声称), aim (以……为目标), hesitate (犹豫不决)等。

❶We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.

我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。

❷They managed to finish the work on time.

他们设法按时完成了工作。

[巧学妙记]　歌诀巧记常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：

同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。

准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。

不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。

恳求安排又威胁，声称目标不犹豫。

(2)“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语

“疑问词(who, which, when, where, how, what等)＋不定式”结构在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语。

下列动词可接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语： teach, remember, forget, decide, wonder, show, learn, consider, know等。

❸He taught me how to cook.他教我如何做饭。

❹Have you decided where to spend your holiday?

你决定去哪儿度假了吗？

(3)it可以充当形式宾语，指代真正的宾语不定式，可以用于该句型的动词有： consider, make, feel, find, think等。

❺He feels it his duty to help others.

他觉得帮助别人是他的职责。

❻He found it hard to learn maths well.

他发现学好数学很难。

3．动词-ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语的用法区别

(1)可接动名词和不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词(短语)

❶At the amusing performance, the audience couldn't help laughing.

看到这滑稽的表演，观众们不禁笑了起来。

❷I'm busy studying, so I can't help (to) do the housework.

我忙着学习，所以不能帮忙做家务劳动。

❸—Remember to return the bat to me.

—But I remember having returned it to you.

——记得把球拍还给我。

——可是我记得已经还给你了。

❹—That would mean wasting a lot of labour.

—Really? I don't mean to waste any labour.

——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。

——是吗？我没打算浪费劳动力。

(2)可接动名词和不定式作宾语且意义差别不大的动词

①hate, love, like, prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别——接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。

❺I like swimming, but I don't like to swim in this river.我喜欢游泳，但是我不喜欢在这条河里游泳。

②begin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义基本相同。但如果begin, start等用于进行时态，或其主语是物而非人时，须用不定式。

❻Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer.

汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。

❼She was starting to do her homework.

她正开始做作业。

(3)need, want, require作“需要”讲，句子的主语为物，且句子的主语和谓语动词后的非谓语动词之间是被动关系时，这些动词后面可接动词-ing形式的主动式，也可接不定式的被动式。

❽The windows need cleaning.

＝The windows need to be cleaned.

窗户需要擦了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．After Lincoln ________ (elect) President of the US in 1860, they rented the house and sold most of their furniture.

2．Moore is enthusiastic ________ the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring.

3．Make sure ________ you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.

4．Be sure ________ (stay) on topic and not offer irrelevant information.

5．Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without ________ (upset) the boy or his parents.

6．These kids are so absorbed in their studies ________ I just sit back.

Ⅱ.语法专练——单句语法填空

1．With WeChat becoming more and more popular in China, we seem ________ (lose) the art of communicating face to face now.

2．People enjoy ________ (work) with him because he has a good sense of humour.

3．I feel like ________ (stay) at home on weekends while my sister would like to go shopping.

4．After he finished ________ (do) maths homework, he went on ________ (write) a composition.

5．I can't stand ________ (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________ (stop) talking while she works.

6．I regret ________ (tell) you that you are not invited to the meeting.

7．I quickly lower myself, ducking (低下头) my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.

8．You have to stop ________ (eat) between meals if you want to lose weight.

9．Mary failed ________ (win) the 100-metre race, which made her quite upset.

10．I'm determined to solve this mystery even if it means ________ (travel) to New York by myself.

11．We are tired. Let's stop ________ (have) a rest.

12．Have you forgotten ________ (borrow) some books from me last month? Will you please remember ________(bring) them tomorrow?

13．When he told his travel stories to his grandma, she regretted not ________ (see) more of the world.

14．I don't like ________， but I like ________ this afternoon, because it is too hot. (swim)

15．I require him ____________ the trees, because they require ____________ in this hot weather. (water)

Section Ⅱ　Using language

要点精研·探究学习

1．①It　②to take/taking

2．①about　②helping　③enthusiastically　④with　⑤enthusiasm

3．①that　②to hear　③about　④with　⑤upsetting

语法新知·对接课堂

二、1.动词不定式　2.动词-ing形式

课时达标·随堂自测

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．was elected　2.about　3.that　4.to stay　5.upsetting　6.that

Ⅱ.语法专练——单句语法填空

1．to be losing　2.working　3.staying　4.doing; to write　

5．working; to stop　6.to tell　7.looking　8.eating　9.to win　10.travelling　11.to have　12.borrowing; to bring　13.seeing　14.swimming; to swim　15.to water; watering/to be watered