专题19.Unit2词汇与语法--2023年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版）

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Unit2词汇与语法

一．重点单词

1．battle n．
2．teenager n．
3．spot n．
4．target n．
5．adult n．
6．desire n．
7．struggle vi.& n
8. regular adj.
9. expert n．
10. likely adj.
11. unique adj.
12.youth n．
13．flexible adj.
14．account n．
15．rent n．
16．grocery n．
17．gather vi.
18．pipe n．
19．figure n．
20．downtown adv.
21．lap n．
22．teller n．
23．scene n．
24．flat n．
二．词汇拓展
1．argument n．争吵，争论；论点→ vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证
2．tension n．紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→ adj.紧张的
3．anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→ adv.焦急地
4．anger n．怒气，怒火→ adj.生气的
5．calm vt.使平静，使镇静 adj.镇静的，沉着的→ adv.镇静地
6．normal adj.正常的，一般的 n．常态，通常标准→ adv.正常地
7．stress n．精神压力，紧张；强调 vt.强调，着重→ adj.紧张的→ adj.令人紧张的
8．design vt.设计；制订 n．设计；设计艺术→ n．设计师
9．performance n．表现；表演；执行，履行→ v．表演，表现
10．press vt.&vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n．报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界
→ n．压力
11．adventure n．冒险，冒险经历，奇遇→ adj.勇于冒险的；新奇的；惊险的
12．eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的→ adv.渴望地→ n．热切，渴望
13．secure adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的→ n．安全
14．graduate vi.& vt.毕业 n．毕业生→ n．毕业
15．emergency n．突发事件，紧急情况→ adj.紧急的；突然出现的
16．volunteer vi.& vt.自愿做，义务做 n．志愿者→ adj.志愿的
17．response n．回复；反应，响应→ vi.回答；响应
三．知识解析
知识点01 You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends，shooting up in height or getting left far behind
anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的
(1)be anxious about sth.为某事担忧
be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事
be anxious for sth.渴望(得到)某物
(2)anxiously adv.忧虑地，不安地
(3)anxiety n．忧虑；渴望

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①He seemed anxious the coming College Entrance Examination.
②The couple are waiting for their daughter’s call with (anxious)．
③She and got a job to support her family.
她渴望完成学业，然后找一份工作养家。
知识点2 On the other hand，when you are struggling to control your feelings，you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.(教材P17)
struggle vi.& n．奋斗；斗争；搏斗
struggle with/against sth.与……作斗争
struggle for sth.为了某事而斗争
struggle to do sth.努力做某事，挣扎着做某事
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①The struggle freedom was long and hard，but he never gave up.
②The woman has been struggling the cancer for years.
③Slowly，the injured boy struggled his feet from the ground.
④To make progress， we meet in our study.
为了取得进步，我们必须与我们在学习中遇到的各种困难进行斗争。
知识点3When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.
view n．看法；视线；景色 vt.把……视为；观看
(1)come into view看得见；进入视野
in one’s view/from one’s point of view在某人看来/从某人的观点出发
in view of考虑到；由于
(2)view...as...把……看作……

[单句语法填空]
①The Internet is viewed by many people a useful tool.
② my point of view，men and women should be treated equally.
③ view of the weather，our school cancelled the sports meeting.
知识点4 After you have thought it through，explain your actions and feelings calmly，listen carefully，and address their concerns.
concern n．担心，忧虑；关心 vt.涉及；让(某人)担忧
(1)be concerned about/for...关心……；为……担忧
be concerned with与……有关；涉及
as far as I’m concerned就我而言，依我之见
(2)concerning prep.关于

[单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作]
①It was said that more than one student was concerned taking drugs.
②Tell your friend that you are concerned her and that you will visit her on the weekend.
③ ，some are for it while others are against it.
关于他的提案，有些人赞成，而另一些人反对。
④就我而言，保护我们的环境是我们的责任。
.
知识点5 On the other hand，when you are struggling to control your feelings，you wish they could be more caring and patient...
wish虚拟语气
wish＋宾语从句，意为“但愿……；希望……；……就好了”，往往表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。wish后宾语从句中的谓语形式如下：
(1)did/were (表示与现在事实相反的愿望)；
(2)had done/been (表示与过去事实相反的愿望)；
(3)would/could＋动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望)。

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①—Where are the children？It’s time for lunch.
—I wish they (be) not always late.
②I wish .
我真希望我们班的所有学生都能通过考试。
③I wish I those rude words to my best friends.
我真希望我没有对我最好的朋友说那些粗鲁的话。
知识点6 Through this kind of healthy discussion，you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
“疑问词＋不定式”结构
“疑问词＋不定式”结构相当于名词性短语，when to back down and when to ask...在句中作learn的宾语。
(1)“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中还可作主语或表语，疑问词包括疑问代词(who，what，which)和疑问副词(when，where，how)。
(2)“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时谓语动词用单数。

[完成句子/句型转换]
①The local tea farmer begins to teach us .
当地的一个茶农开始教我们如何沏茶。
② hasn’t been decided yet.
去哪里度假还没有决定。
③The boy is too young to know what to do in trouble.
→The boy is too young to know in trouble.(改为宾语从句)
知识点7 Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.(教材P16)
argument n．争吵，争论；论点
argue v．争论，辩论；说服
argue with sb.about/over sth.就某事与某人争论
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argue that...(should)do...主张，认为……应做……

①They each other about the way of dealing with the tough problem.
他们就如何处理这个棘手的问题互相争论。
②The (argue) went on for hours because neither side would give in.
争论持续了好几个小时，因为双方都不肯让步。
③They argued the boss accepting the proposal.
他们说服老板接受这个建议。
④She argued that I (go) there on foot.
她认为我应该步行去那里。
知识点8 You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.
desire n．&vt.渴望，希望
(1)have a desire for/to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
desire that...(should)do希望……应做……

①She return home next week.
她很渴望下周回家。
②My grandparents desire that I (visit)them on the weekend.
我的祖父母希望我周末去看望他们。
③My desire knowledge got me to buy the book.
我对知识的渴望使我买了这本书。
知识点9 When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view.
calm vt.使平静；使镇静 adj.镇静的，沉着的
(1)calm down平静下来；镇静下来
calm...down使……平静；使……镇静
(2)keep calm保持镇静
(3)calmly adv.平静地；镇静地

①He struggled to to avoid an argument.
他努力让自己平静下来以避免争论。
②It is important to in an emergency.
在紧急情况下，保持镇静很重要。
③I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly .
我把小鸡放在窝里，它很快就平静下来了。
知识点10 After you have thought it through，explain your actions and feelings calmly，listen carefully，and address their concerns.
think sth.through 充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透
think highly/much of高度评价
think of想起
think over仔细考虑

①Do you have time to the details of your option ?
你有时间彻底考虑选修课的细节问题吗？
②Everyone in the village the young man.
这个村子里的每个人都对这个年轻人评价很高。
③Let’s his proposal before we see him again.
我们再次见到他之前先仔细考虑一下他的提议。
知识点11 So，we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.
design vt.设计；制订 n．设计；设计艺术
(1)be designed for/to do sth.专为……设计的；目的是……
by design故意地，有意地
(2)designer n．设计师

[单句语法填空]
①The new theatre is specially designed the disabled.
②I’m sure that she didn’t lead to the argument design.
③Our company employed an Italian (design) to create new styles.
知识点12 It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
likely adj.可能的，预料的，有希望的
(1)be likely to do sth.可能做某事
It is likely that...可能……
(2)unlikely adj.不大可能的

[单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换]
①The price is likely (go) down because of the competition.
② the project is designed for women.
这个项目可能是为女士设计的。
③It’s likely that the famous scientist will attend the meeting.
→The famous scientist the meeting.
知识点13. I’m eager for my parents’ love.
eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的
(1)be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
(2)eagerly adv.热心地；急切地
(3)long for sth.渴望得到某物
long to do sth.渴望做某事

[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①Some of us were confident and eager (take) part in the class activity，others were nervous and anxious.
②The truth is that people are eager peace and hate wars.
③露西渴望把思想传达到她的团队。
→Lucy her ideas to her team.(eager)
→Lucy her ideas to her team.(long)
知识点14. Mama and Her Bank Account
account n．账户；描述；解释 vt.认为是，视为
(1)account for解释，是……的原因；(数量或比例上)占
(2)on account of因为，由于
on no account决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构)
take...into account考虑到，顾及……

[一词多义/完成句子]
①I paid the cheque into my savings account.
②She gave the police a full account of the incident.
③In English law，a person is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty.
④Recent pressure at work may his abnormal behavior.
他的不正常的行为也许归因于他最近的工作压力。
⑤The professor warned the students that .
教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。
⑥All the flights to Shenyang were canceled .
由于天气不好，所有飞往沈阳的航班都被取消了。
知识点15.Then she wrote down another figure.
figure n．数字；人物；体型，身材；图表v.认为；计算
(1)keep one’s figure保持身材
(2)figure out弄清楚；理解；看透；想出；算出

[一词多义/完成句子]
①How do you know the latest trade figures？
②He was one of the greatest figures in history.
③Every woman wants a slim figure nowadays.
④I figure that different people hold different opinions.
⑤If you want to ，please take exercise every day.
如果你想保持苗条的身材请每天锻炼。
知识点16. It seems as if my grades are the most important thing in her life.
as if从句
(1)此句中as if意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。此句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，所以没用虚拟语气。
(2)as if/though除引导表语从句外，还可引导方式状语从句。若as if/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①The young man with long hair looks as if he (be) a woman.
②It seems as if he (know) everything，but in reality，he is stupid.
③He talked to every corner of the world but in fact he had never left his village.
他说话好像他去过世界的每一个角落，但事实上他从未离开过他的村庄。
知识点17 When we’re at home，she keeps pressing me to study all the time.
press vt.& vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n．报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界
(1)press the button按按钮
press sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
(2)pressure n．[U]压力
under the pressure of在……的压力下

①The little girl her face against the window.
这个小女孩把脸贴在了窗子上。
②Facing social (press)，we have no choice but to study hard.
面对社会压力，我们别无选择，只能努力学习。
知识点18.When Nels graduated from grammar school，he wanted to go on to high school.
graduate vt.& vi.毕业 n．毕业生
(1)graduate from...从……毕业
graduate in...毕业于……专业
(2)graduation n．毕业

①After college，he decided to design a new building.
大学毕业后，他决定设计一座新的大楼。
②John graduated medicine Yale University last year.
约翰去年毕业于耶鲁大学医学专业。
③After (graduate)，the girl is eager to work in Red Cross to help the people in need.
毕业后，这个女孩渴望能在红十字会工作，去帮助需要帮助的人。
知识点19.He waits for a response but doesn’t get one.
response n．回复；反应，响应
(1)in response to回答……；回应……
make a response to对……做出回应
(2)respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应
respond to回答……；回应

①He is eager for a but hasn’t got one yet.
他渴望得到回复，但还没有得到。
②I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn’t it.
我建议他制定一个新计划，但是他没有回复。
③They eagerly went to work in the remote areas response to the Party’s call.
为了响应党的号召，他们急切地去偏远地区工作。
④How did he respond the news about his personal life?
他对与他的私生活有关的消息是如何回应的？
随堂练习
一．单词拼写
1．It is for teenagers to be interested in video games.
2．Buying the facility aims to satisfy the students’ (渴望) to doing experiments.
3．It is necessary to connect with your parents on a basis because they are concerned about you.
4. Over time，we’ve become quite (熟练的) at dealing with these problems.
5．If you are to answer this tough question，please put up your hands.
6．The senior high school student was too nervous to give a clear of what had happened to him.
7．He was taken care of by a professional nurse after the (手术)．
8．It’s reported that the two thieves were caught on the (地点)．
二.单句语法填空
1．Going abroad for further study as an exchange student is (stress)．
2．John agreed to be a teacher under the (press) of his parents.
3．When the film ended，the excited audiences are hard to calm themselves .
4．Our parents desire us (stick) to our aims，whatever challenges we will meet.
5． is likely that men are more likely to have heart attacks than women.
6．The teacher’s question failed to get a (respond) from any of the students.
7．He decided to return to his hometown after (graduate)．
8．My mother struggled (bring) up my family on a very low income when I was in senior high school.

语法
语法精析
1．简单句
只含有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。有以下基本类型：
(1)SV：主语＋谓语
The sun rose.太阳升起来了。
(2)SVP：主语＋连系动词＋表语
The soup smells good.汤闻起来很香。
(3)SVO：主语＋谓语＋宾语
He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。
(4)SVOO：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
Mr Wang teaches us English.王老师教我们英语。
(5)SVOC：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
He finds the story interesting.他觉得这个故事很有趣。
(6)SVA：主语＋谓语＋状语
They are singing in the music hall.他们正在音乐厅唱歌。
(7)SVOA：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
My son is doing his homework carefully.我儿子正在认真做作业。
2．并列句
由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和分号三种方式连接起来。
常见的并列连词：
(1)表示平行并列，常用的连词有：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。
He was cleaning the room and his children were playing outside.
他在打扫房间，他的孩子们在外面玩耍。
(2)表示转折，常用的连词有：but，however，yet，while等。
①His son came back，but he was still concerned.他儿子回来了，但是他仍然很担心。
②He likes sports，while I’d rather collect stamps.他喜欢运动，而我则爱好集邮。
(3)表示因果并列，常用的连词有：for，so等。
①It must have rained yesterday evening，for the ground is wet.昨晚准是下雨了，因为地面是湿的。
②The manager was ill so I went to the press conference in his place.经理病了，所以我代他去参加新闻发布会。
注意：so和because不能连用。
(4)表示选择，常用的连词有：or，either...or...等。
①Wear your coat，or you’ll catch cold.把大衣穿上，不然你会感冒的。
②Either Tom or his sisters are coming.不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。
3．主从复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句为句子的主体部分；从句无法独立，可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。按其在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句(同位语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
(1)名词性从句(相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语)
①When the plane is to take off has not been announced.(主语从句)飞机何时起飞尚未宣布。
②That is why he did not come to school yesterday.(表语从句)那就是昨天他没来上学的原因。
③He said that some teenagers didn’t work hard.(宾语从句)他说有些青少年学习不努力。
(2)定语从句(相当于一个形容词，用来修饰一个名词或代词)
①The man who was full of anger was Mike’s father.那个非常生气的人是迈克的父亲。
②I won’t forget the day when I had an argument with him.我忘不了和他吵架的那一天。
(3)状语从句(像副词一样，修饰谓语动词，或整个句子。根据表达的意思分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步等)
①When I saw him，I found him under great stress.我看见他时，觉得他压力很大。
②I will meet my friend where I met her last time.我会在上次见她的地方见我的朋友。
③If you want to keep peace，you’d better be patient.如果你想保持和平，你最好耐心一些。
④He was punished，because he was late.他受到了惩罚，因为他迟到了。
⑤Let’s get up early so that we can catch the early bus.让我们早起，以便我们能赶上早班车。
⑥He made so inspiring a speech that everyone got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人心的演讲，以至于大家都很激动。
⑦Please do as you are told.请按照你被告知的去做。
⑧Although/Though he tried his best，he still missed the target.虽然他尽力了，但仍然没有打中目标。
注意：although/though不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。

一.单句语法填空
1．Hurry up， you will miss the train.
2．I work not because I have to， because I want to.
3．The problem is difficult that most students can’t work it out.
4．Two weeks went by， our exchange activities ended.
5．These comic books are specially designed young children.
6． you’re interested in the position，please email me.
7．Neither did the naughty boy go home did his parents come to search for him.
8．It is likely you can easily fall ill if you keep smoking.
二.阅读短文，说出画线句子是什么句子结构
1．My parents love me very much.However，they like making almost all decisions for me.2.They choose schools and subjects for me，and sometimes even the daily timetables have to be decided by them.In my opinion，deciding everything for children does not help them but harm them in many ways.Firstly,3.it will make children less confident，which is useless to their development.Secondly，in many cases parents don’t care about children’s personal ideas and interests，which will influence their growth greatly.As a result，a lot of children are complaining！I do believe to grow to be independent is a natural way for everybody.Parents should give us chances to make our decisions.They can help us make choices instead of replacing us to do it.After all,4.there are a lot of things for us to explore by ourselves.
三.用合适的连词把每组句子合并为一个句子
1．He was absent from class.He was ill.
→He was absent from class he was ill.
2．He was tired.He went to bed.
→He was tired he went to bed.
3．He made a promise.He didn’t keep it.
→He made a promise he didn’t keep it.
4．I still remember the day.I first went to school.
→I still remember the day I first went to school.
5．We’ll go for a picnic.It’s fine tomorrow.
→We’ll go for a picnic it’s fine tomorrow.
6．He was very busy.He tried to help others in his free time.
he was very busy he tried to help others in his free time.
7．My mother likes reading.My father likes watching TV.
→My mother likes reading my father likes watching TV.