专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（第二期）-备战2024年高考英语浙江省名校模拟真题速递

这是一份专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（第二期）-备战2024年高考英语浙江省名校模拟真题速递，共22页。

高考英语浙江省名校模拟真题速递
第二期
专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia(痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
1．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?
A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers.
B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
C．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
D．It took 18 months to make the new drug.
2．The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by _______.
A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B．describing how immune-system works in detail
C．making comparisons between two groups of participants
D．quoting the comments of other scientists
3．Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug?
A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B．It can cause some side-effects.
C．It costs too much for ordinary families.
D．It needs to be further tested before its launch.
4．What does the author think of Lecanemab?
A．Reliable. B．Groundbreaking
C．Promising D．Risky.

（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）A walk around the workplace is also a trip back in time. The office is where colleagues meet, work and bond. But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere. The pandemic has heightened this sense of office as a dig site for corporate archaeologists.
The most obvious object is the landline phone(固定电话), a reminder of the days when mobility meant being able to stand up and keep talking. Long after people have junked them in their personal lives - less than 15% of Americans aged between 25 and 34 had one at home in the second half of 2021- landline phones survive in offices.
There might be good reasons for its persistence: they offer a more secure and stable connection than mobile phones, and no one worries that they are about to run out of battery. In practice, the habit of using them was definitely lost during the pandemic. Now they sit on desk after desk, rows of buttons unpressed, ring tones unheard.
Landline phones were already well on their way out before covid-19 struck. Whiteboard charts have suffered a swifter reverse. These objects signal a particular type of pain- people physically crowded together into a room while a manager sketches a graph with a marker pen and points meaningfully to the top-right-hand corner, giving requirements never to be satisfied. This manager is still making graphs but is now much more likely to use a PowerPoint. The crowd is still being tortured but is now much more likely to be watching on the screen. The office still has whiteboards, but they are left in corners and the charts on them are slowly yellowing.
Real archaeologists need tools and time to do their painstaking work: brushes, shovels and picks. Corporate archaeology is easier: you just need eyes and a memory of how things used to be. But you also need to be quick as more and more work places are revamped for the post-pandemic era. Now its time to take a careful look around the office: you may see something that will soon seem outdated.
5．Why does the author refer to the office as a time capsule?
A．You can travel back in time in the office.
B．You can dig out what has been buried for years in the office.
C．You can easily find some old-fashioned practices in the office.
D．You can work with archaeologists to study the history in the office.
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3 and 4?
A．Whiteboard charts went useless due to new technologies.
B．More employees prefer online meetings to physical gatherings.
C．Landline phones still exist in offices because they don’t need batteries.
D．Many employees show a negative attitude to some routine work in companies.
7．What does the underlined word “revamped” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Transformed. B．Abandoned.
C．Discovered. D．Reserved.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Impact of Pandemic on Workplace B．The Archaeology of the Office
C．Why Landline Phones Went Outdated? D．The History of Old-fashioned Objects

（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a “cake” of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number “190”.
Jonathan was brought to St.Helena from the Seychelles in 1882 as a gift. According to Guinness World Records, Jonathan surpassed the previous record holder, Tu’i Malila, who lived in the 1770s until 1965and could be even older. He arrived in St.Helena as a fully mature tortoise, meaning he was at least 50 in 1882.
“The vet is still feeding him by hand once a week to boost his calories, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as he is blind and has no sense of smell. His hearing though is excellent and he loves the company of humans, and responds well to his vet Joe Hollins’ voice as he associates him with a feast, Guinness World Records said.
“The tortoise enjoys the sun but on very hot days takes to the shade. On mild days, he will sunbathe his long neck and legs stretched fully out of his shell to absorb heat and transfer it to his core,” according to Hollins. When it’s cold, Jonathan has been known to “dig himself into leaf mold or grass cuttings and remain there all day.”
In most cases, the lifespan of a tortoise or turtle depends on the species and level of care they receive. They generally live much longer in captivity than in the wild, because in the wild, they must find their own food in addition to evading predators while not getting medical treatment. Larger turtle and tortoise species also tend to live longer than their smaller counterparts. For more information about animal record holders, click here.
9．When might Jonathan be born?
A．In 1882. B．In 1770. C．In 1965. D．In 1832.
10．Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the text?
A．Jonathan had a birthday cake made of fruits, meat, and vegetables.
B．Jonathan was born and raised on the island of St. Helena.
C．Jonathan is the Guinness World holder of the oldest land animal.
D．Jonathan is a very old but healthy tortoise with full senses.
11．Which is not a reason why a tortoise in the wild has a relatively shorter lifespan?
A．Species differences. B．Food shortage.
C．Lack of medical treatment. D．Animal enemies.
12．Where can we probably find this article?
A．In a science fiction. B．On a news website.
C．In a travel brochure. D．In a biology textbook.

（2023春·浙江·高三校联考一模）The human brain is the most complex and poorly understood biological structure known to man. Our human brain is relatively large for our body size and wrinkled in comparison to other animals’ brains. Across species, brain size and wrinkle number is related to intelligence.
University of Copenhagen researchers have made an incredible discovery seeking to learn more about the mammalian(哺乳动物的) brain. A vital enzyme, a special material, allows brain signals to be transmitted or transported. The enzyme is randomly turning on and off, even taking hours-long “breaks from work.” These discoveries could have a significant impact on our understanding of the brain and the development of medicines. The discovery is featured on the cover of Nature.
Millions of neurons(神经元) are constantly communicating with one another, shaping thoughts and memories and allowing us to move our bodies at will. Neurotransmitters are transported from one neuron to another by a unique enzyme when two neurons meet to exchange a message.
This process is necessary for neuronal communication as well as the survival of all complex organisms (extremely small living things). Until now, researchers all over the world assumed that these enzymes were constantly active, transmitting vital signals. However, this is not the case.
It is almost impossible to understand that the extremely critical process of loading neurotransmitters in containers is carried out by only one cell per container. Especially when we find that 40% of the time these cells are switched off.
Using a new method, researchers from the Department of Chemistry at the University of Copenhagen closely examined the enzyme and discovered that its activity switches on and off at random periods of time, contradicting our previous understanding.
“Contrary to popular belief, and unlike many other proteins, these enzymes could stop working for minutes to hours. Still, the brains of humans and other mammals are miraculously able to function,” says Professor Dimitrios Stamou, who led the study from the research center at the University of Copenhagen’s Department of Chemistry.
13．What is implied in the second paragraph?
A．The enzyme is continuously turning on and off.
B．Enzyme does not affect the transmission of brain signals.
C．No enzyme has been found in the mammalian brain so far.
D．Scientists used to think the special enzyme does not take a break.
14．How could we move our bodies as we like?
A．The communication between neurons happens without stop.
B．We shape our thoughts though we may not have good memories.
C．The newly found unique enzyme is at the most time switched off.
D．Neurotransmitters transport a unique enzyme from one neuron to another.
15．Why do the scientists think the discovery unbelievable?
A．There is enzyme in mammalian brains.
B．Mammalian brains function as human’s.
C．One cell can have such an important function.
D．40% of the critical cells are actually switched off.
16．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．A Surprising Significant Finding about Mammalian Brains
B．A Very Important Research Led by Professor Dimittrios Stamou
C．Researches on Brains of Animals Being Carried out By Scientists
D．A Completely New Method Employed by the Department of Chemistry

（2023春·浙江·高三天台中学校联考一模）Asthma (哮喘) is a condition that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. It is a lung disease that affects your airways—the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs. It causes the muscles in these tubes to contract, the tubes themselves to swell and sticky mucus to be produced. All of these factors can make it very difficult for a sufferer to breathe properly.
Shortness of breath, especially after exercise, coughing or difficulty breathing while sleeping are all common symptoms. These can be described as mild asthma attacks; however, they can usually be controlled by medication. A severe asthma attack, on the other hand, where a sufferer finds it very difficult to breathe, may require hospital treatment. How badly you are affected by these symptoms depends on what types of asthma you have—from mild to chronic—and how well you are able to control the disorder.
Mild or moderate asthma can be easily controlled through medication or lifestyle changes. Additionally, all attacks need a trigger, and if these triggers can be identified and avoided, the likelihood of an attack decreases. Triggers can include: pollution, smoking, dust, animal hair, stress, pollen, exercise and cold air. These triggers are personal to each individual sufferer, so if you have asthma, make sure you know what is causing your attacks.
In the last half-century there have been many developments in the treatment of asthma. There are presently two main types of medicine: preventers and relievers. A preventer is used every day and reduces the swelling of the airways, cutting the risk of an attack. A reliever is taken when breathing has become (or is going to become) difficult; this actually relaxes the muscles of the airways, reducing constriction and improving the airflow.
Prevention is also good treatment. So if you have asthma, remember to keep generally healthy, take regular exercise and lots of vitamin C to avoid colds and flu —which can be dangerous for asthma sufferers. A healthy diet is also important, and do watch what you eat, as certain foods or food additives can be asthma triggers.
17．What happens to the organs in an asthma attack?
A．Lungs expand. B．Tubes tighten.
C．Airways narrow. D．Muscles swell.
18．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Asthma?
A．Common symptoms. B．Types of attack.
C．Medical treatment. D．Severity of disorder.
19．What does the underlined word “trigger” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cause. B．Treatment. C．Relief. D．Result.
20．Which one is not a wise choice to deal with asthma?
A．Advance prevention. B．Healthy diet.
C．Proper medication. D．Excessive exercise.
（2023春·浙江·高三天台中学校联考一模）In the 1940s, young male Royal Air Force pilots held needles as they waited for their next mission. Wartime pilots suffered a lot and knitting helped rebuild dexterity (灵巧) in wounded arms while also helping to settle wounded minds.
Today, millions of people around the world employ the same technique. “I know that if I haven’t knitted for a few days, I really miss it. It’s like meditation.” says Janine Smith, who owns a store in Sydney selling supplies for knitting.
Research supports Smith’s statement. Physiotherapist Betsan Corkhill and occupational therapist Jill Riley were part of a team from Cardiff University that, ten years ago, surveyed more than 3,500 knitters and found that the more frequently people knitted, the calmer and happier they felt.
Or as Jannie Smith puts it, “That rhythm of making stitch after stitch is like deep breathing. It’s a flow where you don’t have to stress about it, you’ve got the rhythm happening.”
“Flow” is a concept first named by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. As he wrote in his book, “The best moments in our lives are neither the passive nor relaxing times. The best moments usually occur if a person’s body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile.”
The Cardiff research team found that many respondents described feeling calmer and in a better mood after knitting, and the majority of respondents who suffered from depression “perceived that knitting made them feel happier.” For respondents who suffered from chronic pain, almost nine out of ten said that knitting gave them a sense of accomplishment and a means of coping with their pain.
Interestingly, more than half of those surveyed said that knitting pushed them to develop other skills, like building furniture. Because knitting is so accessible — at its heart it’s two sticks and one stitch — it helps people build confidence in their abilities. After all, if you make a mistake, you can just pull it all out and start again.
21．Why does the author mention young male Royal Air Force pilots in paragraph 1?
A．To give an example of a knitter.
B．To show the heavy burden on pilots.
C．To demonstrate the technique of pilots.
D．To introduce the healing effect of knitting.
22．Which can be called as the best moment according to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi?
A．Watching TV together with friends. B．Taking physical exams.
C．Playing chess with a great opponent. D．Reading funny comic books.
23．According to a research of Cardiff University, which statement about knitting is true?
A．It motivates people to stretch their bodies.
B．It enables people to build furniture.
C．It helps people to get rid of chronic pain.
D．It allows people to build confidence to learn other skills.
24．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Active Hands, Calm Minds B．Healthier Attitude, Longer Life
C．Easy Knitting, Skill Building D．Mind Calming, Flow Finding

（2022秋·浙江·高三校联考一模）Technology companies are raising hundreds of millions of dollars to develop farm products that use microbes (微生物) and seaweed to grow crops. The move comes at a time when fertilizer prices are very high and increasing attention is being paid to how food is produced around the world.
Microbes, including fungi (真菌) and viruses, have been available for years as treatments to protect plants from insects and disease, with mixed outcomes, but developers are increasingly using them as natural ways to support crops while keeping up crop production levels.
The new microbial fertilizers are sometimes called biostimulants. Such products could help farmers use less nitrogen, a fertilizer that can pollute waterways and create a gas that has environmental effects.
One product from the startup Pivot Bio has microbes that take in sugar from the roots of corn, wheat, or sorghum plants, producing an enzyme that changes nitrogen to a crop nutrient. The company says that farmers have already used it on more than 400,000 hectares and it also raised $430 million last year from investors. The $3 billion biostimulants industry is to grow by 12 to 15 percent each year over the next five years.
Microbial fertilizers are largely unregulated, with few studies on how effective they are at developing crops. Besides, not everyone is convinced that biostimulants work. For example, University of Minnesota soil scientist Daniel Kaiser has tested Pivot’s PROVEN product over the past two seasons. He used it on six areas with reduced nitrogen fertilizer treatments, but only one area showed an improved yield.
Currently, only a small number of American states require companies to supply data on the effectiveness of microbial fertilizers. And the US Environmental Protection Agency has only issued draft guidance for public review.
25．According to technology companies, the new microbial fertilizers are ________.
A．nutrient and popular B．expensive and useful
C．effective and regulated D．economical and eco-friendly
26．What can we learn about the biostimulants in paragraph 5?
A．Not all biostimulants are controlled by official rules.
B．Almost everyone was assured that biostimulants take effects.
C．Pivot’s PROVEN product can greatly improve the output of crops.
D．Many studies show the effectiveness of biostimulants in developing crops.
27．What’s the author’s attitude towards Microbial fertilizers?
A．Intolerant. B．Conservative. C．Objective. D．Supportive.
28．What’s the purpose of writing this passage?
A．To emphasize the effectiveness of using microbes.
B．To advocate companies developing farm products.
C．To educate farmers in using microbes to grow crops.
D．To introduce a new fertilizer used in the agriculture.

（2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测）Five years ago, Meredith Arthur, a 45-year-old San Francisco resident, arrived at a neurologist appointment. She spoke a mile a minute, explaining why she thought it might hold clues to her neck pain, frequent dizziness and headaches. “I was presenting my inexpert case to an expert, who stopped me and said, ‘I know what’s wrong. You have generalized anxiety disorder.’”
Arthur is one of the 40 million American adults who experience an anxiety disorder—the most common form of mental illness—every year. Its major factor is the uncertainty about situations in daily life.
“I describe anxiety as a future-oriented emotional response to a perceived threat,” says Joel Minden, PhD, a clinical psychologist. “We anticipate that something bad will happen. Maybe we have evidence. Maybe we don’t. But we have a belief that something catastrophic might occur.”
Almost immediately, Minden says, your sympathetic nervous system kicks into high gear. This leads to the release of adrenaline and cortisol, two of the crucial hormones (荷尔蒙) that drive your body’s fight-freeze-flight response and cause anxiety’s physical symptoms. Your heart races, your blood pressure rises, your pupils dilate, you get short of breath.
Meanwhile, cortisol curbs functions that your brain considers non-essential: It affects immune system responses and suppresses (抑制) the digestive system, the reproductive system, and growth processes. This was helpful for our ancestors trying to outrun tigers but is not so much when you can’t stop struggling with the problem whether you might have caught COVID-19 when the guy behind you in line at the grocery store coughed.
Anxiety can show itself in many ways. You might perceive something as threatening even when it isn’t or go to great lengths to avoid uncomfortable situations. You might constantly overthink plans or spend all of your time creating solutions to worst-case scenarios. Maybe you feel indecisive and fear making the wrong decision. Or you might find yourself restless, nervous, and unable to relax.
The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.
29．What does the underlined word “curbs” in paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A．activates B．restricts C．damages D．removes
30．What can you infer from the passage?
A．Social factors are to blame for anxiety disorders.
B．Anxiety is the most common illness in the US.
C．Mental well-being has been Meredith Arthur’s concern.
D．anxiety disorders can be controlled with certain treatments.
31．Which of the following is NOT the typical symptom of anxiety?
A．Trying to find solutions to the worst situation from time to time.
B．Hesitating to make the final decision for fear of mistakes.
C．Heart racing and blood pressure rising at the imagined situation.
D．Feeling restless or nervous even when there’s nothing threatening around.
32．What will the following part most probably talk about?
A．The advance of science and technology.
B．The effects of the anxiety disorders.
C．Tips to minimize negative effects of anxiety.
D．The anticipation of Meredith Arthur.

（2023·浙江舟山·舟山中学校考模拟预测）Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska earthquake are the photos that show slope (斜坡）failures, in which parts of formerly solid hills caved in，tore or let loose. And if there happened to be a road or building on top of the slopes that failed，the result was horrible.
Slopes can fail without earthquakes, as the result of pouring rain qr w：eathering. But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the process or create entirely new failures that wouldn't have otherwise happened.
Several slope failures were documented in the Anchorage area in the hours after the earthquake Friday, the most interesting of which was on Vine Road southwest of Wasilla. It’s as if someone came along with a large destroying ball and dropped it on Vine Road, which wrinkled like a broken egg.
Scientists seemed surprised at how many slope failures occurred as a result of the 7.0-magnitude (震级）quake. The center of the quake was deep, at 27 miles below the surface — a key reason why the damage in Anchorage was relatively light. Such an earthquake would be expected to produce shaking over a large area, but probably with reasonably modest top ground accelerations, Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt, but the surface of Earth wouldn't be moving badly enough to produce widespread landslides.  
Photos from Alaska show a lot of lateral (横向的）spread, in which the ground tears open. Whatever is on top of the ground at the place it tears in half is also torn in half afterwards, like highways or buildings. The buildings surrounding the spread are also at risk of damage because of the force of the ground spreading out away from the tear. There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.
33．What do we know about slope failures?
A．They may cause earthquakes.
B．They usually happen with a road on top.
C．They always happen with earthquakes.
D．They may pull parts of the hills apart
34．What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．Earthquakes have great effect on slope failures.
B．Most slope failures occur after the pouring rain.
C．Earthquakes result in slope failures immediately.
D．Slope failures occur mainly with large earthquakes.
35．What did the scientists think of the Alaska earthquake Friday?
A．It produced shaking over a large area.
B．It caused fewer slope failures than expected.
C．It wasn’t felt for its deep center.
D．It didn’t produce landslides.
36．In which circumstance can we find the ground slides down a hill almost unbroken?
A．Land slides. B．Slope failures. C．Lateral spread. D．Block spread.

（2022秋·浙江·高三校联考一模）Q: Last night I saw a comedian on TV making a joke about “old people smell”. I’d never heard of it before, so I did research and was worried to see that people say old people have the same bad smell. Now I’m worrying-do I smell? And if so, how can I get rid of it?
-Edith, 76
A: Thank you for your email. I can certainly smell something, and I’m afraid to say that it’s the unpleasant odour of ageism. I doubt a comedian would dare say something like this about any other group of people. The fact that they feel able to do so shows how ageism is one of the last acceptable intolerances in our society. It’s morally wrong to group people based on their age. So, to answer your question: no, old people don’t smell. Body odour is the result of various factors. One thing I would note is that as we age, we tend to sweat less. As a result, sometimes older people don’t think they need to wash as frequently, especially when combined with mobility problems—meaning they find it difficult getting in and out of the shower, not realising that they can still have body odour without sweating. There is also the issue of incontinence. While this can affect people of any age, it’s more common in old age and is also associated with a smell. There are plenty of treatments for incontinence, so this isn’t something that should arise. I’m sorry to say, but some doctors just blame incontinence for part of getting older. It’s not. The idea that old people smell just feeds into this, but my view is if someone does smell of urine due to incontinence, then this is the failure of doctors to provide adequate help. It’s to do with their incontinence, not their age.
-Dr Max Pemberton
37．According to the text, what is Edith’s top concern?
A．A comedian’s joke about “old people smell”
B．Uncertainty of the research about getting old.
C．Methods of getting rid of body odour from ageism.
D．Worry about old people having the same bad smell.
38．What would Dr Max Pemberton probably agree with?
A．Many factors contribute to elders’ body odour.
B．Sweating less cannot be avoided as people age.
C．Some doctors are to blame for elders’ incontinence.
D．It’s acceptable for comedians to group people by age.
39．Dr Max Pemberton tries to persuade Edith mainly by ________.
A．showing understanding B．commenting on comedians
C．offering practical advice D．analyzing possible reasons
40．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．An academic paper. B．An autobiography.
C．A health column. D．A medical treatment plan.

参考答案：
1．B    2．A    3．B    4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们很容易对那些宣称可以减缓阿尔茨海默氏症(老年痴呆症中最常见的一种)病情发展的药物表示怀疑。然而，一种名为Lecanemab的新药可能是真正的药物。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo. It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.”（该试验涉及1795名处于疾病早期阶段的参与者。一半人服用药物，另一半人服用安慰剂。这说明了两件事。其中之一是缓慢但可测量的进展。另一个是对阿尔茨海默症的一种解释叫做淀粉样蛋白假说似乎是正确的。）可知，我们可以从前两段中了解到并非所有参与者都服用了这种新药。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug). That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.”（淀粉样蛋白是阿尔茨海默氏症患者大脑中积聚的一种蛋白质，这是该疾病的一个明确迹象。Lecanemab含有一种特殊的抗体，被发现能够附着在淀粉样蛋白上，然后吸引免疫系统细胞将蛋白质清除掉(在接受该药物的患者中确实如此)。这表明淀粉样蛋白确实会直接导致与痴呆症相关的问题，而Lecanemab可以减缓疾病的发展。）可知，作者通过说明药物与体内淀粉样蛋白的相互作用来说明新药的有效性。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants.”（此外，Lecanemab还导致一些参与者大脑肿胀和出血。）可知，它会引起一些副作用是新药的缺点。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.”（既然这种新药已被证明有效，就可以进行进一步的试验了。希望很快会有更多的好消息。）可推知，作者认为Lecanemab是有希望的。故选C项。
5．C    6．D    7．A    8．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在经历了疫情之后，办公室也有了很大的变化，作者借办公室考古为名，讲解了办公室的几个变化。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere.(但它也是一个时间胶囊，一个随处可见历史工作模式痕迹的地方。)”可知，作者认为办公室是一个时间胶囊是因为在办公室可以看到一些过时的办公模式。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“These objects signal a particular type of pain- people physically crowded together into a room while a manager sketches a graph with a marker pen and points meaningfully to the top-right-hand corner, giving requirements never to be satisfied. This manager is still making graphs but is now much more likely to use a PowerPoint. The crowd is still being tortured but is now much more likely to be watching on the screen. The office still has whiteboards, but they are left in corners and the charts on them are slowly yellowing.(这些物品标志着一种特殊类型的痛苦——人们挤在一个房间里，经理用记号笔勾勒出一张图表，意味深长地指向右上角，提出永远无法满足的要求。这位经理仍在制作图表，但现在更有可能使用PowerPoint。人们仍在遭受折磨，但现在更有可能在屏幕上观看。办公室里还有白板，但都放在角落里了，上面的图表也慢慢变黄了。)”可推断，很多员工对于公司的一些日常事务很厌恶，故选D。
7．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“But you also need to be quick(但你也需要迅速行动)”可知，作者认为读者也应该迅速行动，由此可以判断，越来越多的工作场所也有了变化。选项A“Transformed. (转变)”；选项B“Abandoned. (放弃)”；选项C“Discovered. (发现)”；选项D“Reserved. (保留、预定)”。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The office is where colleagues meet, work and bond. But it is also a time capsule, a place where the traces of historic patterns of working are visible everywhere. The pandemic has heightened this sense of office as a dig site for corporate archaeologists. (办公室是同事们见面、工作和交流的地方。但它也是一个时间胶囊，一个随处可见历史工作模式痕迹的地方。新冠疫情加剧了这种办公室作为企业考古学家挖掘场所的感觉。)”以及下文内容“The most obvious object is the landline phone(固定电话), a reminder of the days when mobility meant being able to stand up and keep talking. (最明显的目标是固定电话，它提醒着人们，移动意味着能够站起来继续说话。)”、“Whiteboard charts have suffered a swifter reverse. (白板图表遭遇了更快的逆转。)”可知，文章主要讲述了办公室经历了巨大的变化，让企业家们仿佛在考古。所以“The Archaeology of the Office(办公室考古)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
9．D    10．C    11．A    12．B

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了已经190岁高龄的世界上最长寿的陆生动物乔纳森的情况，并分析了野生乌龟寿命相对较短的原因。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a ‘cake’ of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number ‘190’. (上周末，世界上最长寿的陆生动物乔纳森在圣赫勒拿岛度过了190岁的生日，他在岛上享用了一个由时令水果、绿叶蔬菜和蔬菜组成的‘蛋糕’，其中包括刻着190字样的胡萝卜)”，以及第二段最后一句“He arrived in St.Helena as a fully mature tortoise, meaning he was at least 50 in 1882. (他到达圣赫勒拿时已经是一只完全成熟的乌龟，这意味着他在1882年至少有50岁。)”可知，Jonathan可能出生于1832年。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据根据第一段“Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a ‘cake’ of seasonal fruits, leafy greens and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number ‘190’. (上周末，世界上最长寿的陆生动物乔纳森在圣赫勒拿岛度过了190岁的生日，他在岛上享用了一个由时令水果、绿叶蔬菜和蔬菜组成的‘蛋糕’，其中包括刻着190字样的胡萝卜)”可知，Jonathan是世界上最长寿的陆生动物。故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In most cases, the lifespan of a tortoise or turtle depends on the species and level of care they receive. They generally live much longer in captivity than in the wild, because in the wild, they must find their own food in addition to evading predators while not getting medical treatment. Larger turtle and tortoise species also tend to live longer than their smaller counterparts. (在大多数情况下，乌龟的寿命取决于它们所受到的照料的种类和水平。它们在圈养环境下的寿命通常比在野外要长得多，因为在野外，除了躲避捕食者，它们还必须自己寻找食物，而且得不到医疗。体型较大的海龟和陆龟也往往比体型较小的同类活得更长。)”可知，野生乌龟寿命相对较短，是因为有捕食者，还存在食物短缺，以及医疗短缺，故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“For more information about animal record holders, click here. (有关动物纪录保持者的更多信息，请点击这里。)”可知，本文应该在网站上。故选B项。
13．D    14．A    15．C    16．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对哺乳动物大脑的令人难以置信的发现——一种重要的酶，一种特殊的物质，允许大脑信号被传输。这种酶是随机开启和关闭的，甚至需要几个小时的“休息时间”。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“University of Copenhagen researchers have made an incredible discovery seeking to learn more about the mammalian brain. A vital enzyme, a special material, allows brain signals to be transmitted or transported. The enzyme is randomly turning on and off, even taking hours-long ‘breaks from work.’(哥本哈根大学的研究人员在寻求更多了解哺乳动物大脑的过程中取得了令人难以置信的发现。一种重要的酶，一种特殊的物质，允许大脑信号被传输。这种酶是随机开启和关闭的，甚至需要几个小时的“休息时间”。)”可知，这种允许大脑信号被传递或运输的酶的开启和关闭是随机的，甚至会休眠几个小时，而这个发现是令人难以置信的，由此可推知，科学家们以前应是认为负责大脑信号传送的这种特殊的酶是不会休息的。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三内容“Millions of neurons are constantly communicating with one another, shaping thoughts and memories and allowing us to move our bodies at will.(数以百万计的神经元不断地相互交流，塑造思想和记忆，并允许我们随意移动身体。)”可知，神经元之间的不间断交流，形成了思想和记忆，以允许我们随着意志移动身体。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“It is almost impossible to understand that the extremely critical process of loading neurotransmitters in containers is carried out by only one cell per container. Especially when we find that 40% of the time these cells are switched off.(几乎不可能理解在容器中装载神经递质的极其关键的过程是由每个容器中只有一个细胞执行的。特别是当我们发现40%的时间这些细胞是关闭的。)”可知，令研究人员难以相信的是如此复杂关键的过程只由一个细胞执行，而这个细胞40%的事件却是关闭的。因此可推知，科学家们认为这一发现令人难以置信的原因在于“惊讶于一个细胞居然有着如此重要的作用”。故选C项。
16．主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，第二段“University of Copenhagen researchers have made an incredible discovery seeking to learn more about the mammalian brain. A vital enzyme, a special material, allows brain signals to be transmitted or transported. The enzyme is randomly turning on and off, even taking hours-long ‘breaks from work.’(哥本哈根大学的研究人员在寻求更多了解哺乳动物大脑的过程中取得了令人难以置信的发现。一种重要的酶，一种特殊的物质，允许大脑信号被传输或传输。这种酶是随机开启和关闭的，甚至需要几个小时的“休息时间”。)”为主题句，即，文章围绕“这个令人难以置信的发现——一种重要的酶”为话题进行了阐述，讲述了其令人难以置信的作用和对其进行的进一步验证。选项A“A Surprising Significant Finding about Mammalian Brains(关于哺乳动物大脑的一个惊人的重大发现)”贴合主题，作为题目具有吸引力。故选A项。
17．C    18．B    19．A    20．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了哮喘的症状、原因、分类以及治疗与预防方法。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is a lung disease that affects your airways — the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs. It causes the muscles in these tubes to contract, the tubes themselves to swell and sticky mucus to be produced. (这是一种肺部疾病，会影响你的气道——输送空气进出肺部的管道。它会导致这些管子里的肌肉收缩，管道本身膨胀，产生粘稠的粘液。)”可知，哮喘发作时，气道中的肌肉收缩，因此气道变窄。故选C项。
18．主旨大意题。根据第二段“These can be described as mild asthma attacks; however, they can usually be controlled by medication. A severe asthma attack, on the other hand, where a sufferer finds it very difficult to breathe, may require hospital treatment. How badly you are affected by these symptoms depends on what types of asthma you have—from mild to chronic—and how well you are able to control the disorder. (这些症状可以被描述为轻度哮喘发作；然而，它们通常可以通过药物控制。另一方面，严重的哮喘发作，患者发现呼吸非常困难，可能需要住院治疗。这些症状对你的影响有多严重取决于你患的是哪种类型的哮喘——从轻度到慢性——以及你控制这种疾病的能力。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了哮喘的类型。故选B项。
19．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Additionally, all attacks need a trigger, and if these triggers can be identified and avoided, the likelihood of an attack decreases. Triggers can include: pollution, smoking, dust, animal hair, stress, pollen, exercise and cold air. These triggers are personal to each individual sufferer, so if you have asthma, make sure you know what is causing your attacks. (此外，所有的哮喘发作都需要一个trigger，如果可以识别和避免这些triggers，攻击的可能性就会降低。triggers包括：污染、吸烟、灰尘、动物毛发、压力、花粉、运动和冷空气。这些triggers因人而异，所以如果你有哮喘，一定要知道是什么导致了你的发作)”可知，由污染、吸烟、灰尘、动物毛发、压力、花粉、运动或冷空气导致哮喘发作，因此推断trigger表示“诱因”，与Cause意思相近，故选A项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So if you have asthma, remember to keep generally healthy, take regular exercise and lots of vitamin C to avoid colds and flu—which can be dangerous for asthma sufferers. (因此，如果你患有哮喘，记得保持身体健康，定期锻炼，摄入大量维生素C，以避免感冒和流感——这对哮喘患者来说是危险的。)”可知，患有哮喘的人，定期锻炼，而非Excessive exercise(过度运动)，故选D项。
21．D    22．C    23．D    24．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了编织可以帮我们应对压力，缓解身体和精神上的伤痛。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“In the 1940s, young male Royal Air Force pilots held needles as they waited for their next mission. Wartime pilots suffered a lot and knitting helped rebuild dexterity (灵巧) in wounded arms while also helping to settle wounded minds.(在20世纪40年代，年轻的英国皇家空军男性飞行员在等待下一个任务时，手里拿着针。战时飞行员遭受了很多痛苦，编织有助于恢复受伤手臂的灵活性，同时也有助于安抚受伤的心灵)”可知，作者提到年轻的英国皇家空军男性飞行员目的是想告诉我们编织的治愈作用：有助于恢复受伤手臂的灵活性，同时也有助于安抚受伤的心灵。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据第五段的句子“The best moments in our lives are neither the passive nor relaxing times. The best moments usually occur if a person’s body or mind is stretched to its limits in a voluntary effort to accomplish something difficult and worthwhile.(我们生活中最好的时刻既不是消极的时刻，也不是放松的时刻。最好的时刻通常发生在一个人的身体或思想被拉伸到极限，自愿努力去完成一些困难和有价值的事情)”可知，我们生活中最好的时刻既不是消极的时刻，也不是放松的时刻，而是一个人的身体或思想被拉伸到极限，自愿努力去完成一些困难和有价值的事情的时刻。A项“Watching TV together with friends.(和朋友一起看电视)”和D项“Reading funny comic books.(看有趣的漫画书)”是放松的时刻；B项“Taking physical exams.(参加体检)”是很多人不愿去做的事，更不会将一个人的身体或思想拉伸到极限；而和高手下象棋可以将一个人的身体或思想拉伸到极限，也是一个人自愿努力去做的事。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章的最后一段“Interestingly, more than half of those surveyed said that knitting pushed them to develop other skills, like building furniture. Because knitting is so accessible — at its heart it’s two sticks and one stitch — it helps people build confidence in their abilities. After all, if you make a mistake, you can just pull it all out and start again.(有趣的是，超过一半的受访者表示，编织促使他们发展了其他技能，比如制作家具。因为编织很容易上手——本质上就是两根棍子，一针一针——它有助于人们建立对自己能力的信心。毕竟，如果你犯了一个错误，你可以把它全部拉出来重新开始)”可知，编织可以让人们建立起学习其他技能的信心。故选D项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段的句子“Wartime pilots suffered a lot and knitting helped rebuild dexterity (灵巧) in wounded arms while also helping to settle wounded minds.(战时飞行员遭受了很多痛苦，编织有助于恢复受伤手臂的灵活性，同时也有助于安抚受伤的心灵)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了编织可以帮我们应对压力，缓解身体和精神上的伤痛。由此可知，A项“Active Hands, Calm Minds(双手活跃，头脑冷静)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
25．D    26．A    27．C    28．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科技公司正在筹集数亿美元来开发利用微生物和海藻种植作物的农产品，但这一方法是否有效还不得而知，因为没有受到有效的监管。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段“The new microbial fertilizers are sometimes called biostimulants. Such products could help farmers use less nitrogen, a fertilizer that can pollute waterways and create a gas that has environmental effects.”（这种新型微生物肥料有时被称为生物刺激素。这类产品可以帮助农民减少氮肥的使用，氮肥会污染水道，并产生对环境有影响的气体。）可推知，这种新型微生物肥料经济环保。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第五段“Microbial fertilizers are largely unregulated, with few studies on how effective they are at developing crops. Besides, not everyone is convinced that biostimulants work. For example, University of Minnesota soil scientist Daniel Kaiser has tested Pivot’s PROVEN product over the past two seasons. He used it on six areas with reduced nitrogen fertilizer treatments, but only one area showed an improved yield.”（微生物肥料在很大程度上是不受监管的，很少有人研究它们在种植作物方面的效果。此外，并不是所有人都相信生物刺激素有效。例如，明尼苏达大学的土壤科学家丹尼尔·凯泽在过去的两个季节里测试了Pivot的成熟产品。他在6个减少氮肥处理的地区进行了试验，但只有一个地区产量有所提高。）可知，关于第5段中的生物刺激剂，我们能了解到并非所有的生物刺激素都受到官方规定的控制。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“The new microbial fertilizers are sometimes called biostimulants. Such products could help farmers use less nitrogen, a fertilizer that can pollute waterways and create a gas that has environmental effects.”（这种新型微生物肥料有时被称为生物刺激素。这类产品可以帮助农民减少氮肥的使用，氮肥会污染水道，并产生对环境有影响的气体。）以及最后一段“Currently, only a small number of American states require companies to supply data on the effectiveness of microbial fertilizers. And the US Environmental Protection Agency has only issued draft guidance for public review.”（目前，美国只有少数几个州要求公司提供微生物肥料有效性的数据。美国环境保护署(US Environmental Protection Agency)只发布了指导草案供公众审查。）可知，文章前面部分说微生物肥料的好处，后部分说这种新型微生物肥料不是很好用。故可推知，作者对微生物肥料的态度是客观的。故选C项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Technology companies are raising hundreds of millions of dollars to develop farm products that use microbes and seaweed to grow crops. The move comes at a time when fertilizer prices are very high and increasing attention is being paid to how food is produced around the world.”（科技公司正在筹集数亿美元来开发利用微生物和海藻种植作物的农产品。这一举措出台之际，正值化肥价格居高不下，人们越来越关注世界各地的粮食生产方式。）故可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种用于农业的新型肥料。故选D项。
29．B    30．D    31．C    32．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了焦虑症的起因和症状表现。
29．词义猜测题。根据第五段划线单词后的部分“It affects immune system responses and suppresses (抑制) the digestive system, the reproductive system, and growth processes.”（它会影响免疫系统的反应，抑制消化系统生殖系统和生长过程。）可知，皮质醇对这些功能是有抑制作用的，推断出curbs意为“抑制”，而restricts也翻译为“抑制”。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.”（好消息是焦虑在结合医药，治疗和生活方式的调整下是可控制的。）可知，焦虑通过各种方式的结合是可以控制的。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据第六段“You might perceive something as threatening even when it isn’t or go to great lengths to avoid uncomfortable situations. You might constantly overthink plans or spend all of your time creating solutions to worst-case scenarios. Maybe you feel indecisive and fear making the wrong decision.”（你可能会把一些事情视作是威胁，尽管它并没有威胁或者竭尽全力避免不舒服的情况，你可能经常过度思考计划，或者把所有的时间都花在为最坏的情况创造解决方案，你也许优柔寡断害怕做出最后的决定。）可知，A项“时不时地想办法解决最糟糕的情况。”，B项“由于害怕出错而犹豫不决。”和D项“即使周围没有任何威胁，仍感到不安或紧张。”是焦虑的典型症状，只有C项“在想象的情况下心跳加速，血压升高”是没有提到的。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The good news is that anxiety is very manageable with some combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle adjustments.”（好消息是焦虑在结合医药，治疗和生活方式的调整下是可控制的。）可知，接下来会谈到如何对焦虑症进行调整，推断出接下来会谈到一些降低焦虑影响的小技巧。故选C项。
33．D    34．A    35．B    36．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过照片描述了阿拉斯加地震后的景象，介绍了地震对山体滑坡所造成的影响。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Some of the most attractive pictures to come out of the Alaska earthquake are the photos that show slope (斜坡）failures, in which parts of formerly solid hills caved in，tore or let loose.”（阿拉斯加地震中一些最吸引人的照片是显示斜坡破坏的照片，在这些照片中，以前坚固的山丘部分塌陷,撕裂或松动。）可知，山体滑坡时会造成山体的分开。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段“But the shaking caused by a quake — particularly a large one like what occurred near Anchorage on Friday — can either speed up the process or create entirely new failures that wouldn't have otherwise happened.”（地震引起的震动尤其大，就好像是星期五发生在安克雷奇附近的大地震，要么会加速这一过程，要么会造成原本不会发生的全新滑坡。）可知，地震对山体滑坡会加速山体滑坡的发生，推断出地震对山体滑坡有巨大的影响。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“Such an earthquake would be expected to produce shaking over a large area, but probably with reasonably modest top ground accelerations, Friday’s earthquake would certainly be felt, but the surface of Earth wouldn't be moving badly enough to produce widespread landslides.”（这样的地震在大范围内产生震动是意料之中，但可能是在合理适度的顶部地面加速度下，周五的地震肯定会被感觉到，但地球表面不会移动严重，足以产生广泛的滑坡。）可知，这次地震并没有产生很多震动，这个结果出乎科学家的意料。故选B项。
36．细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“There’s also documentation of block spread，in which part of the ground breaks off a hill and slides away mostly perfect.”（关于块状扩散的文件，其中一部分地面脱离山丘，非常完整地滑落。）可知，在块状扩散的情况下，部分地面脱离山丘，非常完整地滑落。故选D项。
37．D    38．A    39．D    40．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。76岁的Edith老人因某脱口秀演员取笑年纪大的人身上有难闻的“老人味”，向医生Max Pemberton提问请教，Max Pemberton给予了专业细致的解释。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“I’d never heard of it before, so I did research and was worried to see that people say old people have the same bad smell. Now I’m worrying-do I smell? And if so, how can I get rid of it?(我以前从未听说过，所以我做了调查，看到人们说老年人也有同样的臭味，我很担心。现在我担心了——我有味道吗？如果是这样，我该如何摆脱它？)”可知，Edith最关心的是担心老人有同样的臭味。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“So, to answer your question: no, old people don’t smell. Body odour is the result of various factors.(所以，回答你的问题：不，老人没有气味。体味是多种因素共同作用的结果)”可知，Max Pemberton博士可能会同意导致老年人体味的因素有很多。故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Body odour is the result of various factors. One thing I would note is that as we age, we tend to sweat less. As a result, sometimes older people don’t think they need to wash as frequently, especially when combined with mobility problems—meaning they find it difficult getting in and out of the shower, not realising that they can still have body odour without sweating.(体味是多种因素共同作用的结果。我要注意的一件事是，随着年龄的增长，我们往往会出汗更少。因此，有时老年人认为他们不需要那么频繁地洗澡，尤其是在行动不便的情况下——这意味着他们很难进出淋浴，没有意识到他们在不出汗的情况下仍然会有体味)”可知，Max Pemberton医生试图通过分析可能的原因来说服Edith。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“Now I’m worrying-do I smell? And if so, how can I get rid of it?( 现在我很担心——我身上有味道吗？如果是的话，我怎么才能摆脱它呢？)”以及文章一问一答的篇章展开模式可推知，文章可能来自健康专栏。故选C。