英语八年级下册Section B优秀巩固练习

这是一份英语八年级下册Section B优秀巩固练习，文件包含同步讲义人教版英语八年级下册-Unit2课时5SectionB3a-SelfCheck教案docx、同步讲义人教版英语八年级下册-Unit2课时5SectionB3a-SelfCheck学案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
课时5 Section B（3a-SelfCheck）
Learning aims:
1.复习动词不定式的不同用法。掌握生词interest, sir, madam。
2.能够用英语表述常见的志愿活动，并就自己喜欢的志愿活动发表看法。


重点词汇和短语
1. 打扫干净___________________
2. (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来___________________
3. 分发；散发___________________　　
4. 放弃___________________
5. 张贴___________________
6. 推迟___________________
7. 打电话给(某人) ___________________
8. 修理；解决___________________
9. 赠送；捐赠___________________
10. 建立；设立___________________
11. 帮助解决困难___________________
12. 用完___________________
13. 想出；提出___________________
答案：
1. clean up 2. cheer up 3. give out 4. give up
5. put up 6. put off 7. call up 8. fix up
9. give away 10. set up 11. help out with sth 12. run out of

（一）动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为＂to＋动词原形＂，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。
◆ 动词不定式的形式及性质
（1）动词不定式的基本形式：to do（to有时可省略）；
（2）动词不定式变否定：not （to） do；
（3）动词不定式无人称变化；
（4）动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
☞ to speak at the meeting 在会议上发言 to read newspapers 看报纸
◆ 动词不定式的句法作用
一、作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。
☞ You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。
☞ They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady. 他们自愿给老人打扫房子。
☞ They would like to come by bus. 他们想乘公共汽车来。
二、作宾语补足语。
☞ I tell him to arrive on Sunday. 我让他周日到达。
☞ Li Lei asked his deskmate to help him with English. 李磊请同桌帮他学英语。
☞ The teacher asked the students to read it again. 那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官动词或let，make，have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号＂to＂，可以归纳为以下三种句式：
1. 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite / encourage / teach / depend on等+ sb + to do sth
☞ The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. 老师告诉我们明天早点来。
☞ Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她的父母希望她成为一名教师。
2. 省＂to＂的不定式作宾语补足语：
（1）Let / make / have + sb +do sth
☞ Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩现在出去。
☞ They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. 上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。学&科网
（2）see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb +do sth
☞ I heard them argue this morning. 今天早上我听到他们吵架了。（强调整个过程） 
【注意】
①help带不带to均可以。
☞ I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做家务。
②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。
☞ William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park. 人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。
4. 否定形式：
（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。
☞ Tell them not to play football in the street.
（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。
☞ Let the boy not go. 不要让那个男孩走。
1．My mother often tells me ________ at school.
A．not fight B．not fighting C．don’t fight D．not to fight
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我妈妈经常告诉我不要在学校打架。考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，固定短语，故选D。
三、作状语
（1）作目的状语。
☞ He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不可用于句首。
☞ The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。
（2）作结果状语。
☞ He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。
☞ His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. 他奶奶活到了中国解放。
☞ He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
☞ I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions. 很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。
☞ I’m happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。
1．You need to change ________ live better.
A．in order that B．in order to C．so that D．in order
【答案】B
【详解】句意：为了生活得更好，你需要改变。考查in order to的用法。in order that为了，后跟目的状语从句；in order to为了，后加动词短语；so that为了；后跟目的状语从句；in order整齐。根据“You need to change...live better.”可知是为了生活得更好，且空后是动词短语，故选B。
◆ 动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑问词连用。
☞ The question is I don’t know when to start. 问题是我不知道什么时候开始。
☞ You do not know what to do and how to do it. 你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。
（二）动词短语
短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。
◆ 构成：
常见的形式有：1. 动词＋副词，如：put up
2. 动词＋介词，如：look at
3. 动词＋副词＋介词，如：run out of
4. 动词＋名词＋介词，如：take care of
◆ 动词＋副词
（1）常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有：
cheer up（振奋起来），clean up（打扫干净），set up（建立），put up（搭建，张贴），cut up（切碎），fix up（修理），work out（算出），give out（分发），give away（赠送），think over（仔细思考），turn over（把……翻过来），hand in（上交）等。
【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时，后面必须跟宾语，若名词作宾语，可以放在副词前面或后面，但代词作宾语时，必须置于副词之前。
例：1．It’s dangerous for people ________ the mobile phone when they cross the street.
A．look at B．looking at C．to look at D．looked at
【答案】C
【详解】句意：人们过马路时看手机是很危险的。考查非谓语动词。look at看，根据句型it is dangerous for sb to do sth“某人做某事是危险的”可知，空缺处应该用动词不定式作主语，故选C。
2．I have no paper. Could you give me a piece of paper ________?
A．to write in B．write in C．to write on D．write on
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我没有纸。你能给我一张纸写字吗？考查非谓语动词。to write in写在里面；write in写在里面；to write on写在上面；write on写在上面，根据空前的“give me a piece of paper”可知，应该用动词不定式作后置定语，排除B和D，由“a piece of paper”可知，应该是在纸上写字，用to write on，排除A，故选C。
（2）常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有：
get up（起床），start off（动身），come back（回来），get down（下来），hold on（等一下；别挂断），look out（当心，小心），get away（逃离）等。
◆ 动词＋介词
这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后面必须接宾语。常见的有：
look for（寻找），stand for（代表），wait for（等待），pay for（付费），send for（派人去请），take after（像），hear from（收到……的来信），hear of（听说），depend on（依靠）等。
◆ 动词＋副词＋介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词，介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有：
add up to（总共是），catch up with（赶上），look down upon（瞧不起），run out of（耗尽，用光）
◆ 动词＋名词＋介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语，有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有：make fun of（取笑），make use of（利用），pay attention to（注意），take care of（照顾）等。
【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。
He is taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。
We shouldn’t make fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。

一、单项选择
1．He invited her to his birthday party, but she refused ________.
A．to go B．going C．to going D．go
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他邀请她参加他的生日聚会，但她拒绝去。考查动词短语。refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，空处应填动词不定式to do，故选A。
2．He warns me ________ in the river.
A．not to swim B．not swimming C．not swim D．no swim
【答案】A
【详解】句意：他警告我不要在河里游泳。考查动词短语。warn sb. not to do sth.意为“警告某人不要做某事”，考查应填not to do，故选A。
3．There are so many kinds of mobile phones here. I can’t decide ________.
A．what to buy B．to buy what
C．which to buy D．to buy which
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这里有这么多种手机。我不能决定买哪一种。考查“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语。what to buy买什么；to buy what错误表达；which to buy买哪一个；to buy which错误表达。根据“There are so many kinds of mobile phones here.”可知，此处指手机种类很多，因此不知道要买哪一种，应用疑问词which来表示“哪一种，哪一个”。故选C。
4．—I’d like to ________ my food to my classmates when they are hungry.
—You are so kind.
A．get up B．eat up C．give out D．get out
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——当我的同学饿了的时候，我想把我的食物分给他们。——你是如此的善良。考查动词短语。get up起床；eat up吃光；give out分发；get out泄露。根据“my food to my classmates when they are hungry”和“You are so kind”可知，这里表示把食物分给同学。故选C。
5．The doctors did what they could ________ the girl who caught Covid-19.
A．to save B．saving C．save D．saved
【答案】A
【详解】句意：医生们竭尽全力抢救了感染新冠肺炎的女孩。考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知，空处作目的状语，应用不定式形式，故选A。
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
6．Mom, when can I learn ________ (paint)?
【答案】to paint
【详解】句意：妈妈，我什么时候可以学画画？learn to do sth“学习做某事”，故填to paint。
7．I think books can make a big ________ (different) to us.
【答案】difference
【详解】句意：我认为书会对我有很大影响。根据“make a big...to us”可知，此处缺少一个名词，结合所给英文提示，different“不同的”为形容词，其名词为difference。故填difference。
8．There are many places of __________ (interest) we could visit in Beijing.
【答案】interest
【详解】句意：在北京我们能够参观许多名胜古迹。places of interest“名胜古迹”。故填interest。
9．He was so __________（excite）when he heard the news.
【答案】excited
【详解】句意：当他听到这个新闻时，他是如此的兴奋。根据“He was so…when he heard the news.”和单词提示可知，设空处前面有be动词was，故空处应用形容词作表语，主语是he，表示人。故填excited。
10．You can’t imagine how many__________（difficult）we met.
【答案】difficulties
【详解】句意：你无法想象我们遇到了多少难题。根据空前how many“多少”可知，空处用可数名词的复数形式，形容词difficult变形为difficulties。difficulty表示“困难”为不可数名词，表示“难题”为可数名词。故填difficulties。
三、完形填空
Thank you for all your hard work last weekend raising money for Sunny House Old People’s Home. We all ____11____ a great time and it was nice to see a lot of new volunteers!
Here is what we ____12____ last weekend.
On Saturday, some volunteers went to Sunny House Old People’s Home. Fiona and Tom ____13____ some of the old people. David, John and Alice made tea for ____14____. Sam played the piano and Sally washed the ladies’ hair. In the evening, we put on a charity ____15____ for the old people. It made them very ____16____. Grace played the violin and Nick sang songs. Some of the old people sang along with them.
On Sunday, we held a fair on the school playground. In the morning, we ____17____ food, drinks, and some other things for the fair. Nancy and Ann helped one another to buy fruit for their stalls. Leo and Pip helped one another to ____18____ old books, magazines and comics for their stalls. Amy and Tom helped each other decorate (装饰) their stalls. In the afternoon, Nancy sold fruit salad and Ann sold fruit juice. Leo and Pip sold old books, magazines and comics. Jo handed out flags. He gave the flags to people ____19____ put their donations into his basket.
Many students and their families came to the fair and ______20______ money. We have raised a lot of money for Sunny House Old People’s Home. Thank you!
11．A．found B．had C．spent D．took
12．A．did B．ate C．saw D．had
13．A．fixed up B．made fun of C．played chess with D．took after
14．A．nobody B．oneself C．someone D．everyone
15．A．class B．show C．website D．advertisement
16．A．happy B．similar C．scared D．sleepy
17．A．borrowed B．repaired C．organized D．imagined
18．A．write B．fill C．buy D．collect
19．A．what B．where C．who D．when
20．A．donated B．coached C．set D．reported
【答案】
11．B    12．A    13．C    14．D    15．B    16．A    17．C    18．D    19．C    20．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了上周的筹款活动，在活动中志愿者们还和老人下象棋，举办慈善演出等，周日还举办了展览，吸引了许多人捐款。
11．句意：我们都玩得很开心，很高兴看到很多新的志愿者。
found发现；had有；spent花时间；took带。根据“We all…great time and it was nice to see a lot of new volunteers！”可知，我们玩得高兴。玩得高兴“have a good time”为固定搭配，此处用过去式had。故选B。
12．句意：这是我们上周末所做的。
did做；ate吃；saw看；had有。根据“Here is what we…last weekend.”可知，此处表达我们上周所做的。do“做”变为过去式did。故选A。
13．句意：菲奥娜和汤姆陪一些老人下棋。
fixed up修理；made fun of取笑；played chess with和……下象棋；took after像。根据“On Saturday, some volunteers went to Sunny House Old People’s Home. Fiona and Tom…some of the old people.”可知，作为志愿者应该是和老人一起玩。故选C。
14．句意：大卫、约翰和爱丽丝为每位老人沏茶。
nobody没有人；oneself自己；someone有人；everyone每个人。根据“David, John and Alice made tea for….”可知，为每个人都沏茶。故选D。
15．句意：晚上我们为老人们举办了一场慈善演出。
class班；show演出；website网址；advertisement广告。根据“we put on a charity…for the old people”可知，这里为慈善演出。故选B。
16．句意：这让他们很开心。
happy开心的；similar相似的；scared恐怖的；sleepy困倦的。根据“It made them very…”及“Grace played the violin and Nick sang songs. Some of the old people sang along with them.”可知，老人们是开心的。故选A。
17．句意：早上，我们为展览会筹备了食物、饮料和其他一些东西。
borrowed借；repaired修理；organized组织，筹备；imagined想象。根据“In the morning, we…food, drinks, and some other things for the fair.”可知，为了展览会，应该是筹备。故选C。；
18．句意：里奥和皮普互相帮忙为他们的摊位收集旧书、杂志和漫画。
write写；fill装满；buy买；collect收集。根据“Leo and Pip helped one another to…old books”可知，为他们的摊位收集旧书、杂志和漫画。故选D。
19．句意：他把这些旗子送给那些把捐款放进他篮子里的人。
what什么；where哪里；who谁；when什么时候。根据“He gave the flags to people…put their donations into his basket.”可知，结合句子结构分析，此句为定语从句，先行词为people，指人，关系代词故用who。故选C。
20．句意：许多学生和家长也来展览会捐款。
donated捐赠；coached训练；set 放；reported报告。根据“Many students and their families came to the fair and…money. We have raised a lot of money for Sunny House Old People’s Home.”可知，其他人也来捐款。故选A。
四、阅读理解
Terry Fox was only seventeen when he got cancer (癌症) . He must have felt hopeless when the doctor said his right leg would have to be cut off 6 inches (英寸) above the knee.
But to everyone’s surprise, Terry Fox made up his mind to become a long-distance (长距离的) runner and do something about the cancer. What a dream!
Although it seemed impossible, Terry decided to run across the whole country. He hoped to raise one million dollars for cancer research. Few people believed he would make it. Anyway, on April 12, 1980, Terry Fox began his Marathon of Hope. For the first few days of his marathon, Terry Fox was alone. He started running at 4: 30 am. Day by day, people began to realize that something big was happening on the lonely road. As people saw Terry, they stopped and donated (捐赠) money for cancer research.
However, his health took a rapid turn for the worse several months later. He had to give up his marathon on September 1, 1980. Terry died three months later, at the age of 22. In his short life, he raised $24 million for cancer research—one dollar for each person in his motherland.
Since his death, the yearly Terry Fox Run, first held in 1981, has grown to be the world’s largest one—day fundraiser (募捐活动) for cancer research.
21．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The dream was very strange. B．It was such a silly dream.
C．The dream was easy to achieve. D．It was almost an impossible dream.
22．Terry gave up his marathon in 1980 because ________.
A．he found it too tiring B．nobody supported him
C．he was too sick to continue D．he raised enough money
23．When did Terry Fox get cancer?
A．In 1975. B．In 1980. C．In 1981. D．In 1958.
24．How much money did Terry raise for cancer research in his short life?
A．$2.4 million. B．$24 billion. C．$24 million. D．$2.4 billion.
25．What is the writer’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To tell us when Terry Fox Run was first held.
B．To tell us not to give up when facing difficulties.
C．To advise us to donate money for cancer research.
D．To call on us to take part in Marathon of Hope.
【答案】21．D    22．C    23．A    24．C    25．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了特里·福克斯因得癌症而截肢，但是他决心要成为一名长跑运动员，并为癌症筹款，他坚持不懈，最终实现了人生价值，自从他去世后，一年一度的特里·福克斯长跑于1981年首次举办，现已发展成为世界上最大的癌症研究筹资活动。
21．词句猜测题。根据“Although it seemed impossible, Terry decided to run across the whole country.”可知，尽管这似乎不可能但特里还是决定跑遍全国，划线处“What a dream!”是指这几乎是不可能实现的梦想。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“However, his health took a rapid turn for the worse several months later. He had to give up his marathon on September 1, 1980.”可知，是因为他身体健康状况的恶化。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据“Terry Fox was only seventeen when he got a cancer”和“He had to give up his marathon on September 1, 1980. Terry died three months later, at the age of  22.”可知，1980年，22岁他去世了，故推测得癌症时1975年。故选A。
24．细节理解题。根据“In his short life, he raised $24 million for cancer research—one dollar for each person in his motherland.”可知，他为癌症研究筹集了2400万美元。故选C。
25．主旨大意题。全文通篇介绍了特里·福克斯坚持不懈，为自己的梦想而努力，最终实现了自己的人生价值，告诉我们面对困难不要放弃。故选B。
五、阅读填空
根据短文内容，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
Dear Miss Yang,
I’d like to thank you for ____26____ (raise) money for Animal Helpers, a group that was set up ____27____ (help) disabled people. You helped to make it possible for me to have “Happy”. “Happy” makes a big difference to my life. Let me ____28____ (tell) you my story.
“Happy” is a special ____29____ (train) monkey for the disabled. It is a good name for him. I ____30____ (feel) very happy to have him. Being unable to use my hands easily is the main ____31____ (difficult) I face. “Happy” helps me to do many things, like opening and shutting the doors, ____32____ (carry) things and even answering the telephone. He ____33____ (cheer) me up a lot.
I’ll send you a photo of him, and I could ____34____ (show) you how he helps me these days. I thank you again for supporting “Animal Helpers” and for ____35____ (change) my life.
Yours,
Leah White

【答案】
26． raising    27．to help    28．tell    29．trained    30．feel    
31．difficulty    32．carrying    33．cheers    34．show    35．changing
【分析】本文是Leah White写给Miss Yang的一封信，信中感谢Miss Yang对“动物助手”的支持，并向她介绍了自己的小助手“Happy”。
26．句意：我非常感谢你给动物帮手筹钱。for是介词，介词后加动名词，raise“筹集”，动名词形式为raising。故填raising。
27．句意：动物帮手是为了帮助残疾人而建立的组织。此处表目的，用to do不定式。故填to help。
28．句意：让我告诉你我的故事。根据结构“让某人做某事”let sb do sth.，可知此处用动词原形。故填tell。
29．句意：Happy是一只为残疾人特别训练的猴子。此处修饰名词monkey“猴子”要用形容词，train“训练”与“monkey”为动宾关系，此处用形容词trained。故填trained。
30．句意：拥有他让我很开心。此处表示现在的状态，用一般现在时，主语I为第一人称，动词用原形。故填feel。
31．句意：目前我面临的主要困难是不能轻松地使用我的手。形容词main“主要的”修饰名词，形容词difficult“困难的”名词是difficulty。故填difficulty。
32．句意：Happy帮我做很多事情，比如开门、关门、搬运东西，甚至是接电话。like“例如”是介词，介词后加动名词，carry动名词是carrying。故填carrying。
33．句意：他让我振奋了很多。此处表示客观事实，所以时态应用一般现在时，主语He为单三，谓语动词也用单三。故填cheers。
34．句意：我将给你发一张他的照片，给你展示他是如何帮我的。情态动词could后加动词原形。故填show。
35．句意：再一次感谢你支持动物帮手，并感谢你帮助我的生活。介词for后加动名词，change“改变”，动名词是changing。故填changing。