初中人教新目标 (Go for it) 版Unit 1 What’s the matter?Section B优秀同步练习题

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？

 课时5  Section B（3a-SelfCheck）

Learning aims:

1.复习巩固所学的词汇和短语, 掌握以下新学单词：fair，unfair

2.练习运用Could you please…?和Could I…?，并进行比较。

3.会写表达自己观点的信件。

重点词汇、短语和句子

1. _______________ adj. 合理的；公正的

2. _______________ adj. 不合理的；不公正的

3. ___________________________ 目的是；为了

4. ___________________________ 依靠；信赖

5. ___________________________ 照顾；处理

6. —__________________________ 请你扫一下地好吗？

—Yes, sure. 好的，当然可以。

7. —___________________________我能用一下你的电脑吗？

—Sorry. I’m going to work on it now. 对不起。我现在要用它工作。

答案：

1.fair 2. unfair  3.in order to 4. depend on 5. take care of

6. —Could you please sweep the floor? 请你扫一下地好吗？

—Yes, sure. 好的，当然可以。

7. —Could I use your computer? 我能用一下你的电脑吗？

—Sorry. I’m going to work on it now. 对不起。我现在要用它工作。

情态动词could的用法

一、提出礼貌的请求

could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有：

1. Could you +动词原形+...?

2. Could you please+动词原形+...?

意为＂请你做……好吗? ＂句型2比句型1语气更加委婉。肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t.

☞ Li Lei, could you please help me? 李雷，请你帮我个忙好吗？

☞ —Could you come here soon? 你尽快过来，行吗？

—Sure. 当然可以。

☞ —Could you please close the window? 请你关上窗户好吗？

—I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。

【注意】其否定结构为：Could you（please）not do...?

【知识拓展】

二、表示请求许可

1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为：

Could I/we +动词原形+...? 意为＂请问我（们）能做……吗? ＂

肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem.

否定回答：I’m sorry / Sorry, you can’t. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No, you can’t. 

【温馨提示】在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气的，后跟动词原形。

☞ Could I come in? 我可以进来吗？

2. 另外，用Could I ...？时，表示请求对方准许，对方回答时不能用could，而要用can。

☞ —Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？

—Yes, you can. 是的，可以。学！科网

3. 对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语

肯定回答常用语：Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Sure. / Yes, you can.

否定回答常用语：I’m afraid not. / No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, you can’t.

三、could与can的区别

could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同：

1. can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。

☞ Can you tell us your story, Tony? 你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，托尼？

2. could表示有礼貌地请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。

☞ —Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? 请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？

—Sure. 当然可以。

单元话题写作

话题剖析

本单元的话题任务是谈论家务，在写作任务方面是讨论孩子是否应该做家务。要求我们学会用should /shouldn’t等表达自己的观念。写作体裁为议论文。写议论文要求三要素：论点、论据和论证。

写作指导

人称：第一人称。

时态：一般现在时为主。

结构设计:

   (1)在文章的第一段，提出自己对本单元写作的观点，即赞成还是反对孩子做家务。

   (2) 在文章的正文部分，对所提出的问题进行事实论证。

   (3) 在文章结尾部分，总结归纳自己的观点。

常用句式：

Some parents think...

I think children should not do chores because...

I think/believe that...

I agree/disagree that...

I think it is fair/unfair for children to...

Firstly,...Secondly,...Thirdly,...

In my opinion...

In a word...

例文：

Dear Kid,

Most of us probably don’t like doing chores. And most of us think that cleaning the bathroom or cooking dinner for the family makes us tired. However, the fact is that someone has to do it. Most of the time, our parents have to do the housework. Is it really fair? I think it is important for us to do some chores.

Firstly, Doing housework is really not as bad as it sounds. We are able to take care of ourselves.

Doing some chores will show that we are becoming more and more independent.

Secondly, Some of us may think that we are too busy to do chores. But most parents work all day and are then expected to keep a clean house! So we should try our best to do some chores. Learning to do housework can provide us with valuable skills for the future. It gives us a sense of responsibility.

So next time you see something that needs to be done at home, do it yourself and show that you can do anything.

Yours truly,

Nancy

一、单项选择

1．________ have a healthy body, he keeps exercising for half an hour every day.

A．Have to B．Look forward to C．In order to D．Next to

【答案】C

【详解】句意：为了有一个健康的身体，他坚持每天锻炼半小时。考查短语辨析。Have to不得不；Look forward to期待；In order to为了；Next to紧挨着。分析句子可知，他坚持每天锻炼半小时的目的是为了有一个健康的身体。因此此处使用In order to，表示目的，符合语境。故选C。

2．Thomas Edison ________ the first practical light bulb in 1879.

A．developed B．got C．received D．put

【答案】A

【详解】句意：托马斯·爱迪生在1879年研制出了第一个实用的灯泡。

考查动词辨析。developed研制；got得到；received收到；put放置。根据“the first practical light bulb in 1879”可知，是研制了灯泡。故选A。

3．Lucy depended ________ her grandparents after her parents died.

A．on B．in C．by D．with

【答案】A

【详解】句意：露西在她的父母去世后，只能依靠她的祖父母。

考查介词辨析。on在……上；in在……里面；by用过；with和。depend on“依靠、依赖”，根据题干“after her parents died”可知露西的父母都去世了，所以此处指的是依靠祖父母，所以填on。故选A。

4．—Do you have a pet?

—Yes. It ________ great love and comfort ________ me.

A．provides; for B．provides; with C．provides; to

【答案】A

【详解】句意：——你有一个宠物吗？——我有，它为我提供了极大的爱以及安慰。

考查动词用法。provide“提供”，常用于“provide sb with sth”以及“provide sth for sb”结构中。根据“great love and comfort...me”可知，用provide sth for sb，故选A。

5．I am so sorry to hear the ________ dog became much ________ yesterday.

A．ill; worse B．ill; better C．sick; better D．sick; worse

【答案】D

【详解】句意：听说这只病狗昨天病情恶化了，我很难过。

考查形容词辨析。ill生病的，作表语；sick生病的，作表语或定语。第一空作定语修饰名词dog，故用sick。worse更严重的；better更好的。根据“I am so sorry”可知，狗病得更严重了，故用worse。故选D。

二、用所给单词适当形式填空

6．President Xi Jinping has encouraged the whole Chinese society to read more _________ (develop) a good reading habit on April 23rd, 2022.

【答案】to develop

【详解】句意：2022年4月23日，习近平主席鼓励全中国社会多阅读，养成良好的阅读习惯。develop“养成”，由语境可知，“encouraged the whole Chinese society to read”的目的是“develop a good reading habit”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to develop。

7．It’s important for us ________ (develop) good habits in our daily lives.

【答案】to develop

【详解】句意：在日常生活中养成良好的习惯对我们来说是很重要的。本句是固定句型：It be+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是……样的”，因此这里填不定式。故填to develop。

8．My father often tells me ________ (not drop) rubbish carelessly.

【答案】not to drop

【详解】句意：我的爸爸经常告诉我不要随便乱扔垃圾。tell sb. not to do sth.表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，因此空格处应填入not to drop。故填not to drop。

9．I went to the children’s hospital __________ (take) care of the sick children.

【答案】to take

【详解】句意：我去儿童医院照顾生病的孩子。take care of…“照顾”，是一个固定短语。根据句子结构可知，“…care of the sick children”是去儿童医院的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to take。

10．The earlier kids learn to be ________ (independence), the better it is for their future.

【答案】independent

【详解】句意：孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。independence“独立”，名词。根据句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故填independent。

三、完形填空

It was Saturday. After dinner, Mary would like to see a film with her ___11___. But her mother said, “Could you please do the dishes, Mary? I have to go to ___12___ your brother.”

Mary’s brother Mike was ill in ___13___. Her father worked in another town and he was very ___14___ and couldn’t come back. Mary had to help her mother do some chores. But her mother usually did everything and Mary didn’t know ___15___ to do it.

Mary decided to ___16___ her friend a call first. On the phone, she told her friend to wait for her at home. Then Mary’s mother ___17___ her how to do the dishes. Before ___18___, Mary’s mother said, “Be ___19___, Mary. Don’t drop them.”

“Don’t ____20____, Mommy,” said Mary. “They’re light. I don’t think they’ll hurt my feet.”

11．A．brother B．father C．friend D．mother

12．A．look after B．look for C．look at D．look up

13．A．shop B．hospital C．village D．school

14．A．busy B．full C．free D．happy

15．A．when B．where C．what D．how

16．A．take B．give C．bring D．wait

17．A．asked B．said C．made D．showed

18．A．moving B．finishing C．leaving D．working

19．A．careful B．fast C．sure D．good

20．A．care B．worry C．remember D．tell

【答案】

11．C    12．A    13．B    14．A    15．D    16．B    17．D    18．C    19．A    20．B

【导语】本文主要讲述了星期六晚饭后，Mary打算和朋友去看电影，但是因为弟弟生病了，Mary需要先帮妈妈做家务，以及妈妈告诉她怎么做家务的事情。

11．句意：晚饭后，Mary想和她的朋友去看电影。

brother兄弟；father父亲；friend朋友；mother母亲。根据后文“Mary decided to ... her friend a call first.”可知，此处是指和她的朋友去看电影。故选C。

12．句意：我不得不照顾你的弟弟。

look after照顾；look for寻找；look at看；look up查阅。根据“Mary’s brother Mike was ill in...”可知，弟弟生病了需要照顾。故选A。

13．句意：Mary的弟弟Mike生病住院了。

shop商店；hospital医院；village村庄；school学校。根据“Mary’s brother Mike was ill”可知，弟弟生病住院了，in hospital“住院”。故选B。

14．句意：她的父亲在另一个镇上工作，他非常忙不能够回来。

busy忙碌的；full满的；free自由的，空闲的；happy高兴的。根据“Her father worked in another town and he was very ... and couldn’t come back.”可知，父亲工作很忙不能回来。故选A。

15．句意：但是她的妈妈通常什么都做，Mary不知道怎么做。

when什么时候；where哪里；what什么；how怎么，如何。根据“her mother usually did everything”可知，妈妈什么都做，因此Mary不知道怎么做家务。故选D。

16．句意：Mary决定首先给她的朋友打电话。

take带走；give给；bring带来；wait等。根据“On the phone”可知，此处是指打电话，give sb a call“给某人打电话”。故选B。

17．句意：然后，Mary的母亲给她演示如何做家务。

asked问；said说；made制作；showed展示，演示。根据前文“Mary didn’t know... to do it.”可知，此处是妈妈给她演示做家务。故选D。

18．句意：在离开之前，Mary的妈妈说，“小心一点，Mary。”

moving移动；finishing完成；leaving离开；working工作。根据前文Mary的弟弟生病住院需要妈妈照顾，因此此处指妈妈离开之前。故选C。

19．句意：小心一点，Mary。

careful小心的；fast快的；sure确信的；good好的。根据“Don’t drop them.”可知，此处是指小心一点，be careful“小心”。故选A。

20．句意：不要担心，妈妈。

care在乎；worry担心；remember记住；tell告诉。根据“They’re light. I don’t think they’ll hurt my feet.”可知，此处是让妈妈不要担心，don’t worry“不要担心”。故选B。

四、阅读理解

To give away bone marrow(骨髓) to her younger brother, a 12­-year-­old girl named Zhang Xinxin made herself eat 3 kg of noodles every day.

In 2017, Zhang Xinxin’s brother Zhang Haizhen became ill. If he cannot get a hemopoietic stem cell transplant(造血干细胞移植), he will lose his life.

After Zhang Xinxin heard the terrible news, she asked the doctor to test her blood. Luckily, she was a match for her brother. It means that she could save her brother. However, the 160 cm­tall girl was only 40 kg. The doctor told her, “You need to weigh at least 50 kg before you can give away your bone marrow.” Then the little girl started her plan. Every day, the poor girl tried to make herself eat three big bowls of noodles with several pieces of vegetables.

Because of Zhang Haizhen’s illness, his mother had to stop working to take care of him and his father also left his workplace to do some part­time jobs near the hospital to make a little money.

To help her parents out, Zhang Xinxin got up at 5 a.m. every day and climbed a mountain 3 km away to pick fruits and sell them. She was very tired. Sometimes she wanted to stop to have a good rest. But she knew she couldn’t do that. She had to help her parents to save her brother in hospital.

Zhang Haizhen will be ready for a transplant, but the family is still far from raising 430,000 yuan to pay for the operation(手术). Could you please give the family a hand? They will be very thankful.

21．How many noodles did Zhang Xinxin eat a week?

A．3 kg. B．9 kg. C．15 kg. D．21 kg.

22．What was the problem of Zhang Xinxin after the doctor tested her blood?

A．She lost too much blood.

B．She was not heavy enough.

C．Her bone marrow wasn’t healthy.

D．She didn’t have enough food to eat.

23．What did Zhang Haizhen’s mother do for him?

A．She found a better job.

B．She gave up her job.

C．She sold their only house.

D．She sold fruits on the street.

24．What can we infer from the passage?

A．Zhang Xinxin couldn’t wait to save her brother.

B．Zhang Haizhen got ill when he was 12.

C．It is easy for the family to raise money.

D．The parents refused to give away their bone marrow.

25．Why did the writer write the passage?

A．To describe how poor the family is.

B．To show Zhang Haizhen is seriously ill.

C．To ask people to help the poor family.

D．To tell us it is important to keep healthy.

【答案】21．D    22．B    23．B    24．A    25．C

【分析】为了把骨髓捐给弟弟，把自己的体重增加到合格的标准，一个名叫张欣欣的12岁女孩每天要吃3千克面条；为了帮父母筹钱，她每天还要上山摘果子去卖。小女孩能成功地救弟弟吗？

21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“…made herself eat 3 kg of noodles every day.”可知，她每天吃3千克面条。由此可推断，她每周吃21千克面条。故选D。

22．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Luckily, she was a match for her brother…The doctor told her, ‘You need to weigh at least 50 kg before you can give away your bone marrow.’”可知，张欣欣的骨髓和弟弟的相匹配，但体重不足。故选B。

23．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Because of Zhang Haizhen’s illness, his mother had to stop working to take care of him…”可知，为了照顾张海祯，他的母亲辞掉了工作。故选B。

24．推理判断题。由全文内容可知，张欣欣为了救弟弟，努力增肥，同时还上山摘果子去卖。由此可推断她迫不及待要救弟弟。故选A。

25．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Could you please give the family a hand? They will be very thankful.”可知，作者呼吁人们帮助这个贫穷的家庭，从而推测这是作者写这篇文章的目的。故选C。

五、短文填空

根据短文内容及所给提示填空

Do you watch livestreaming（直播）? When talking about it, you might think of make-up vloggers or movie ____26____（star）. But Qin Lin, a 30-year-old farmer, turns her whole village into a livestreaming room. She calls ____27____ （she） “Linmei” on Douyin. Because she shows her real life in the countryside, she quickly has millions of fans. Her short videos show the beauty of her village and the ____28____（kind）of farmers. She helps farmers sell things through the Internet. Now, the village ____29____（develop）fast.

Many people are interested in the reason why she chose to leave the big city. In fact, she returned to the village because her grandmother was badly i____30____. She came back to take care ____31____ her grandmother. Unlike other people of her age, she learned to depend ____32____ herself instead of getting money and support from the family.

Many people make videos to make money, but Qin does that to help the villagers live a ____33____（good）life than before. In one video, the poor kids in her village were carrying heavy schoolbags to go to school. Qin said they were quite ____34____（depend）. The beautiful smiles on their faces encouraged more people to care about the village.

B____35____ of Qin’s experience, we believe more young people will return to their villages and make a difference in the future.

Let’s give a “like” to the people who spread positive（积极的）energy everywhere.

【答案】

26．stars     27．herself    28．kindness    29．is developing    30．(i)ll    

31．of    32．on##upon    33．better    34．independent    35．(B)ecause

【导语】本文主要讲述了一个叫“Qin Lin”的农民带领村里的人拍短视频挣钱的故事。

26．句意：说到它，你可能会想到化妆视频博主或电影明星。star“明星”，可数名词，由“vloggers or”可知，此处应用复数，故填stars。

27．句意：她在抖音上叫自己“Linmei”。句子主语为She，当主语和宾语是同一人称时，宾语用反身代词，设空处应用herself表示“她自己”。故填herself。

28．句意：她的短视频展示了她所在村庄的美丽和农民的善良。分析句子结构可知，在冠词the和介词of之间应用名词kindness“善良”，不可数名词。故填kindness。

29．句意：现在，这个村子发展很快。根据“Now”及语境可知设空处应用现在进行时，主语为the village，be动词用is，故填is developing。

30．句意：事实上，她回到村里是因为她的祖母病得很重。根据“She came back to take care...her grandmother.”结合首字母可知，祖母病得很重，ill“生病的”，形容词作表语。故填(i)ll。

31．句意：她回来照顾她的祖母。take care of“照顾；照料”，为固定短语，故填of。

32．句意：与其他同龄人不同，她学会了依靠自己，而不是从家里获得金钱和支持。depend on/upon“依靠；依赖”，为固定短语，故填on/upon。

33．句意：很多人拍视频是为了赚钱，但秦这样做是为了帮助村民过上比以前更好的生活。根据“than before”可知设空处应用good的比较级better，故填better。

34．句意：秦说他们都很独立。根据前文中的“In one video, the poor kids in her village were carrying heavy schoolbags to go to school.”可知，设空处表示“独立的”，在were后应用形容词independent作表语，故填independent。

35．句意：因为秦的经历，我们相信将来会有更多的年轻人回到他们的村庄，做出改变。because of 意为“因为”，为固定短语，符合语境，且设空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填(B)ecause。