高中英语2024届高考复习词汇用法讲解（共9组）

高考英语词汇用法1.againstagainst  prep.1.反对Personally,I'm against the measure of paying students to learn.就我个人而言，我反对用金钱鼓励学生学习的做法。2.违背；逆against one's wish 违背某人的意愿This was against the law.这是违法的。The ship is sailing against the wind.船正在逆风航行。3.和~比赛，对抗等We'll be competing against some of the best companies in Europe.我们要和欧洲一些一流的公司竞争。4.倚靠；向着；对着He leaned against the door.他倚着门。The rain beat against the windows.雨打在窗户上。5.防备；以备Squirrels store up food against the winter.松鼠贮存食物以备过冬。6.以~为背景；衬托The picture looks good against the white wall.在白墙的衬托下这幅画很好看。2.aroundprep.在......周围；环绕着He walked around the table touching glasses with the guests.他绕桌而行，与客人碰杯。在......附近He lives somewhere around London.他住在伦敦附近的某个地方。在......各处She wandered around the streets,looking in shop windows.她在街上闲逛，看商店橱窗。adv.在附近；在周围He looked around but could see nothing.他向四周张望，但什么也没有看到。各处；到处On my holidays,I'll travel around the world.在假日里，我要去世界各地旅行。大约（about）It cost me around 10 yuan. 这个东西花了我大约10元。3.asconj.1.当.....时候；一面......一面......；随着They sang songs as they were doing farm work.他们一边干农活，一边唱着歌。2.因为；既然As he wasn't ready in time,we went without him.因为他没有及时准备好，我们没等他就走了。3.虽然；尽管Clever as she is,she works very hard./Although she is clever,she works very hard.尽管聪明，她还是很努力。【注】as意为“尽管”时，引导的从句要用倒装语序，其结构为：形容词/名词/副词/动词原形＋as＋主语...。名词提前时，去掉冠词。4. 如；像；按照Do in Rome as the Roman do.入乡随俗。We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.在警察到来前，我们最好让现场保持原样。【注】表示比较或方式的as从句一般用正常语序，但是，在正式用语中，as从句有时也用倒装语序。She looks forward,as does her secretary,to the completion of the building.和她的秘书一样，她也盼望着大楼竣工。as for  至于......；就......而言As for parents,nothing can be compared with their children's physical and mental health.对父母而言，没有什么能与自己孩子的身心健康相比。as if/though [其后的从句常用过去时态表示虚拟语气]好像；似乎It looks as if it is going to rain.看样子好像要下雨。He speaks English perfectly as if /though he had lived in England for many years.他英语讲得很好，好像他在英国生活了很多年似的。as it is / was  [置于句首]实际上；[置于句末]已经As it is,I have a garden full of sweet-smelling roses for most of the year.其实，我有一座花园，一年中大部分时间都玫瑰飘香。as to sth.  关于某事I'm in a puzzle as to what to do next.关于下一步该做什么我也不知道。adv.[用于形容词和副词前，构成比较句型]同样地Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs.十年前，我们村子的人口数量是他们的两倍。【注】否定句中也可用so代替as。A friend is not so soon gotten as lost.交友慢，失友快。prep.  作为；如同He wants me to go with him as a secretary.他要我作为秘书跟他一起去。pron.（正）如......一样作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，常与such和the same 连用He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看起来那么傻。作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，从句可位于主句前、中、后As we all know,success comes from hard work.众所周知，成功源于勤奋。as，which区别辨析二者都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的全部或部分，作从句中的主语或宾语，其用法、意义区别如下：1.as 引导的定语从句可置于主句前，而which引导的不可以。As I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.如同我在电话里解释的那样，你的请求将在下次会议上讨论。One of the boys kept laughing,which really annoyed Jane.其中有一个男孩子一直笑，这让简很生气。2.as 引导定语从句时，常有“正如”之意，而which没有。The size of the audience,as we had expected,was well over one thousand.正如我们所料，观众的人数远远超过了1000。4.ask1.问，询问She asked Mary what time it was.她问玛丽几点了。She asked about Jesse's health.她询问了杰西的健康状况。2.要求，请求ask (sb) to do sth One evening,a passer-by asked to stay for the night.一天晚上，有个过路人请求借宿一晚。ask+that/wh-从句She asked that she should be kept informed of development.她要求向她报告进展情况。ask sb sthCan I ask you a favour? 可以请你帮个忙吗？ask (sb) for sthDon't be afraid of asking (others) for help when it is needed.需要时不要害怕（向他人）求助。3.邀请ask sb to do sthShe's asked him to come to the party.她已邀请他来参加聚会。4.索要（价格）He's asking ￡80 a month rent for that flat.那套公寓月租他要价80英镑。ask for trouble  自找麻烦；自讨苦吃5.assist,help,aidassist  vt&vi【正式用语】帮助；协助We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in/with the group's work.我们正在寻找愿意帮助该小组工作的人。拓展：assistance  n. 帮助；协助；援助medical /technical assistance  医疗援助/技术支持give /offer/provide assistance to do  帮助某人eg. With the assistance of his brother,he sold one painting.在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画。assistant  n.助手；副手；助理；店员a teaching /shop assistant  助教/店员区别：三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同。assist 侧重“协助，助理”、受助者自己要做大部分工作。A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation.一位护士在手术中协助外科医生。help 指给予各方面帮助。I will help you (to) finish the housework.我来帮助你做完家务。aid 指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离苦难。She is always aiding the student with money.她一直在资助那个学生。6.away 1.离；离开；间隔Go / Run away!走/跑开！His speech is away from the subject.他的讲话离题了。2.朝另一个方向Don't look away while driving.开车时不要四处张望。3.在别处；在适当的地方He put his tools away.他把工具收起来了。4.不在；外出He is away in town.他去城里了。5.【多与动词连用】...去；...掉wash away  洗掉；冲掉die away  消失The snow melted away.雪融化了。7.beat,hit,strikebeat (beat,beaten) v.1.vt&vi (连续地)打；敲打；殴打beat a drum  敲鼓beat ... to death  把......打死The boy was beaten until he was black and blue.那个孩子被打得青一块紫一块。2.vt 打败；战胜；超过Will anyone beat the record this year?  今年会有人打破纪录吗？3.vi（心脏等）跳动My panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly.我越来越恐慌，能感觉到心在狂跳。beat about/around the bush  说话拐弯抹角Get to the point.Don't beat around the bush.直奔主题吧，别拐弯抹角的。beat up  毒打He was badly beaten up by a gang of youths.他被一伙年轻人狠狠打了一顿。辨析：beat,hit,strike三个词都有“打”，“击”的意思，但用法不完全相同。beat 指用手或物等连续地打、敲击，如殴打或体罚，敲鼓、桌子等，还可指心脏跳动，打拍子和雨水的冲击。She was beating the dust out of the carpet.她在敲打地毯上的灰尘。hit 表示瞬间的动作，强调打中或击中这一结果，或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点，只作及物动词用。He shot his arrow and hit the target.他射了一箭，击中了目标。strike 指用力地“打击”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打，打击或敲击，是普通用词，还可表示敲钟、报时。有时与hit通用，指灾难侵袭。The car ran out of control and hit/struck a tree.汽车失去控制，撞在树上。8.beforeprep1.[表示时间]在......以前before 11/dark/supper  11点以前/天黑前/晚饭前Before long a large crowd had gathered outside the building.不久大楼外面就聚集了一大堆人。2.[表示位置]在......前面；（工作、局面等）摆在......面前She is afraid to speak before a large audience.她不敢在大庭广众面前讲话。Never bow before difficulties.决不向困难低头。3.[表示顺序、重要性等]先于She got into the bus before others.她比别人先上了汽车。adv1.[表示时间]以前the night/day/week before  前一晚/一天/一星期She had the impression that she had seen most of the guests before.她感觉大部分客人都是她以前见过的。2.[表示位置、方向等]在前面；向前You walk before and I will walk after.你在前面走，我在后面跟着。conj在.......以前Think twice before you decide.作决定前要再三考虑。Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.继父和我相处了一段时间以后才彼此习惯。It wasn't long before he returned from abroad.不久他就从国外回来了。Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but he hung up before I could answer the phone.有人深更半夜给我打电话，但我还没来得及接就挂断了。【注】before 的译法很灵活，在不同的语境下可译为：“（没过多久）就......”，“（过.......）才......”，“还没来得及......就......”，“趁......（还没有）时”9.appear,look,seem三者都有“看起来”之意appear 强调根据事物的表面现象而做出判断，可能与事实不符。She didn't appear at all surprised at the news.听到这个消息，她好像一点儿都不惊讶。【拓展】appearance  n.  外观，外貌；外表look 表示说话人根据视觉所作出的判断。She looks happy.   她看起来很开心。seem 指有一定根据或从某种迹象作出判断，往往接近事实。There seems to have been a mistake—my name isn't on the list.好像弄错了—名单上面没有我的名字。以下三个句型中，三个词不可随意替换