2022-2023学年度北京市 首都师范大学附属中学高三下5月底阶段性质量检测英语试题

首师大附中高三下5月底阶段性质量检测

英语学科试题

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and ____1____ around us.

Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of ____2____ at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who ____3____ care. Watering the plant ____4____ me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver.

However, after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant ____5____ began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept ____6____ and dropping to the floor.

“I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!”

Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and ____7____.

It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own ____8____—something over which I had no control.

As my ____9____ lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again.

Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can ____10____.

1. A. alive B. primitive C. delicate D. mature

2. A. warmth B. relief C. achievement D. security

3. A. valued B. needed C. provided D. lacked

4. A. added B. connected C. adapted D. compared

5. A. casually B. interestingly C. genuinely D. mysteriously

6. A. spreading B. browning C. waving D. dancing

7. A. fearful B. innocent C. faithful D. dishonest

8. A. dream B. success C. capability D. survival

9. A. discontent B. anxiety C. doubt D. sympathy

10. A. give B. share C. decide D. preserve

第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to feel the seats, ____11____(settle) in one of them. It had been years since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident, she ____12____(throw) into a world of darkness. Susan’s husband Mark watched her sink into despair and he was determined to use every possible means to help her wife. Mark volunteered ____13____(ride) the bus with Susan each morning and evening until she could manage it by herself.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The eastern Chinese city of Zibo ____14____ (emerge) as one of the country’s most popular tourist spots in the past few months — thanks to its barbecue. Favored by so-called internet influencers, the city has gone viral on Chinese social media platforms. ____15____(video) on sites such as Xiaohongshu show thousands of people traveling to the city to savor (品尝) local barbecue, ____16____ they say is wrapped in a pancake. When asked ____17____ attracts them most, travellers say the awesome food in chorus, though the restaurants were not stylishly furnished.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Nowadays, people are choosing to live in a minimalist lifestyle. Minimalism, ____18____ (bear) out of early 20th-century modernism, was a trend ____19____ over-decorated and over-furnished. One of the main reasons people choose to become minimalists is that they want to achieve more meaning in their life. Through practicing minimalism, people reduce their possessions to ones that make them ____20____(true) happy. Besides, digital minimalism is particularly appealing to millennials who have grown tired of social media and being addicted to their technology.

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Top Apps For Climate Activists

The world population is at 7 billion and it’s predicted that by the end of this year there will be one smartphone for every five people in the world. That’s a lot of phones and a lot of information literally at our fingertips.

Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. Being a climate change activist can be time consuming. But there’s an app (or ten) for that! The number of apps out there is staggering.

With these apps you’ll be amazed at how easy it is to stay in the know when it comes to your health, and the health of the environment.

21. According to this text, the author recommends APPs because________.

A. those APPs could help people gain the up-to-date material

B. those APPs could forecast the changing climate accurately

C those APPs could help people who have a fast-paced lifestyle

D. those APPs are free for those people who have a designated phone

22. If you want to find in season foods, which Apps should you download?

A. Zimride. B. Fooducate. C. Locavore. D. CEC for Air Travel.

23. What can we learn about the APPs mentioned in this passage?

A. Zimride will charge for rides and then take a cut.

B. Locavore can tell us which fruits and meat are in season.

C. CEC for Air Travel can calculate the accurate carbon emissions of passengers.

D. Fooducate will recommend minimally processed foods naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants.

B

When my father died, one of the tasks that fell to me was to sort through and decide which objects to save and which to throw away. Now I look at the objects of my life as if I were dead, wondering, what will my children do with the human skull that sits on the bookcase? They’ve been wanting to throw it out for some years, but will they know how much can be learned from living with a skull? And I know they will throw the white plastic head of a horse on my desk into a rubbish bag without a thought, never knowing that it is the only piece remaining from the first chess set I owned. It is me at age twelve.

But the final decisions are left to those who know us least — our children. I was the closest to my father and knew him well; however, only when I was going through his study did I learn he had collected picture postcards of hotels. What was I to do with all the objects that had been him? The sad part of me wanted to put everything in my car and take it home. The rational won, however, and I filled rubbish bags with old newspapers, magazines, apologizing to his spirit as I did. I could not throw out the thousands of pictures he had taken on his travels. I brought the pictures home, though I will never look at them. I brought twelve boxes of my father home.

I look at the objects that are my life and the only way my children can satisfy me is by not touching a thing. But they must if I am to go on with my death. And I wonder how many boxes of me will my children keep? I look at these objects that are me and know, too, that they are symbols of how alone I and each of us is, for no one knows what any object means except he or she who owns it. Every object of our lives is a memory, and emotion surrounds around it, hiding and protecting a tiny truth of the heart. Only I have the memories of when and how each one was obtained; I look at the objects that are me, and the memories are warm and permeated (弥漫) with love.

24. Why does the writer keep the plastic head of a horse?

A. Because his father gave it to him as a gift.

B. Because it makes him a very good chess player.

C. Because it brings back memories of his childhood.

D. Because he accepted it as a prize for a competition.

25. How did the writer deal with the remaining objects of his father after he died?

A. He threw everything away.

B He saved some of the worthless objects.

C. He took some of them to his own house.

D. He sorted them and put them into good order.

26 What do we know about the writer?

A. He is very strict with his children.

B. He prefers to collect different skulls.

C. He relies on his children to deal with his possessions.

D. He knows more about his father after his father died.

27. According to the last paragraph, the objects we save ________.

A. serve as the symbols of our social class B. are reminders of past experiences

C. are quite expensive and valuable D. make us proud of ourselves

C

A question has increasingly bothered me since I began studying our relationship with technology two decades ago: Will we ever pay attention again? The concern arose from measuring the shrinking attention spans in various work roles. Whether we’re talking about a Gen Z or a baby boomer, a CEO or an administrative assistant, attention spans on our computers and phones are short and declining.

We tend to blame this trend on growing digital alerts and notifications, or on algorithms aimed at capturing our focus. These do play measurable roles. But it turns out that people are nearly as likely to switch their attention of their own volition. We are determined to be interrupted, if not by others, then by ourselves. Simply choosing to check our email is a major reason for interruptions. Our research found that, on average, people check their inboxes 77 times a day. More than 40% of the time, they do it willingly, without being spurred by any alert.

Are we doomed to see our attention spans nosedive? Completely unplugging from technology might help us recover, but few of us are ready to give up the benefits of online connections. There are possible remedies, however, if not real solutions.

First, we can become more intentional in our actions by examining the reasons behind: Am I distracting myself because I am bored? Are there other options? Taking proper breaks is also important; research shows that even a 20-minute walk in nature can lead us to increase our generation of ideas. Finally, people can plan to concentrate on important tasks when their mental resources are at their peak for avoiding distraction.

Institutional decisions can also help us to preserve attention. It’s not realistic to cut off email completely, but the volume can be reduced. We found that cutting email off in an organization for one workweek helped people focus longer on screens and reduced stress. Companies with an email-free day a week have reported positive results.

The German companies Volkswagen and Allianz have gone a step further and adopted a policy called “Right to Disconnect”. Actually, this policy of not punishing workers for failing to answer e-communications after work hours has been instituted in Ireland and France. How does this help? A 2017 study found afterhours work communications created emotional exhaustion, and a 2014 study showed detaching from work can improve sleep. The study found when sleep deficits increase, attention spans decrease.

Our online behavior is greatly influenced by the wider culture and the ever more sophisticated tools of digital technology, but we can’t just blame our short attention spans on algorithms and notifications that flood in. We still own our attention, and we can take change into our own hands.

28. In paragraph 2, the author mentions the result of the research to show that________.

A. we are likely to interrupt ourselves in most cases

B. people will sometimes voluntarily seek distraction

C. people are constantly interrupted by email from others

D digital alerts are not to blame for the reduced concentration

29. What can be inferred about the two German companies before the introduction of the “Right to Disconnect” policy?

A. The companies used to punish workers for not staying connected after work.

B. The employees of these companies were generally not satisfied with their job.

C. Their employees had lower sleep quality compared to those in France and Ireland.

D. The companies refused to adopt the policy because they wanted to make more profits.

30. What can we conclude about digital technology from the passage?

A. It’s up to us human beings to decide how much we want to be distracted by it.

B. We can adjust our online behavior by making some changes to digital culture.

C. Standards must be set to ensure that we do not fall victim to its negative effects.

D. The impact of digital technology on our lives can be extended by cultural behavior.

D

Psychological science is full of interesting topics, many of which tell a coherent picture of human nature, but some of which create seemingly contradictory stories. A case in point is the tricky, and misunderstood, overlap between strength-based science and the research on narcissism (自恋).

There is now convincing evidence to show that narcissism is on the rise, especially in our youth. Some researchers have gone so far as to say that it is occurring in epidemic proportions, with about 25% of young people showing symptoms of narcissism. The inflated ego of Generation Me is reflected in reality TV, celebrity worship, out-of-control consumerism and materialism…perhaps even a new type of president.

We are correct to be concerned about this phenomenon but our fear that all kids are potential narcissists has caused an unhelpful counter-reaction to approaches that seek to make our children and teens feel good about themselves.

In my own research on strength-based parenting it is common for people to wrongly label this approach as a recipe for narcissism. Their argument seems to be that a child who knows their strengths will automatically view themselves as better than everyone else. It is argued that the self-assurance that comes with identifying and using their positive qualities will make a child arrogant, selfish and uncaring. Genuine confidence about one's strengths is categorized as over-confidence; desirable self-knowledge is branded as excessive self-admiration.

Why does this occur? It's partly because more is known about narcissism than strengths. While strengths psychology has largely stayed within the limit of academic journals or has been applied only within certain contexts such as the workplace, research on narcissism has made its way into the mass media and into our collective consciousness. The New York Times noted that narcissism is a favored "go-to" topic and that people everywhere are diagnosing others with it.

The fear that a strength-based approach will cause narcissism also occurs because we unknowingly fall prey to binary (非此即彼) thinking. We mistakenly believe that one cannot be both confident and humble. We focus on Donald Trump and Kim Kardashian rather than Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. There's no way that Gandhi and Mother Teresa could have achieved what they did without confidence in their strengths, and yet they are both pillars of modesty and selflessness.

When we assume that strength-focus is the same as a self-focus, We fail to entertain the idea that people who know their strengths are, actually, more likely to be pro-social and focus on helping others.

It's tempting to conclude that every young person is at risk of becoming a narcissist but I'd like to stand up for the thousands of young kids I have worked with who are caring, thoughtful and humble — even when they use their strengths.

31 Why teenagers' strengths are often mistaken for narcissism?

A. Strengths psychology is less accessible to the general public.

B. Academic journals and mass media report more on narcissism.

C. There is a lack of strengths in our collective consciousness.

D. Numbers of people are diagnosed with narcissism by doctors.

32. The author mentions Gandhi and Teresa in paragraph 6 to show that________.

A. they are both victims of binary thinking

B. one can be both modest and sure of himself

C. confidence is quite important for celebrities

D. public figures unknowingly fall prey to narcissism

33. What's the author's attitude towards young kids' strength-based approaches?

A. Skeptical.

B. Favorable.

C. Neutral.

D. Cautious.

34. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Teens' Strength Psychology

B. Teens' Narcissism Diagnosis

C. Teen's Anxiety and Depression

D. Teens' Confidence Misunderstood

第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Children love getting dirty. ____35____ But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.

“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.

Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. ____36____

What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. ____37____

Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. ____38____ The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.

____39____ For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.

A. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.

B. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds.

C. Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.

D. They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.

E. As for the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.

F. People who grow up on farms are less likely to develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders.

G. They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma.

第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.

In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.

All these findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future? Here are some tips for you:

·To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.

·If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it!

You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.

·When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.

·Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.

There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.

40. What did nostalgia originally mean?

___________________________________________

41. What have the researchers found about time travel?

___________________________________________

42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

➢Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.

___________________________________________

43. Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)

___________________________________________

第二节(20分)

44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim 写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括：

1. 活动目的及形式;

2. 个人收获及后续计划。

注意：1. 词数100左右;

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua