高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions精品一课一练

16 单元复习与提升

1 分层单词

写作词汇

1. individual adj.单独的;个别的 n.个人

2. chief adj.最重要的;最高级别的 n.（公司或机构的）首领;酋长

3. nearby adj.附近的;邻近的 adv.在附近

4. battle n.战役;搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗;奋斗

5. port n.港口（城市）

6. charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电

7. amount n.金额;数量

8. approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近

9. ensure vt.保证;确保;担保

10. generous adj.慷慨的;大方的;丰富的

11. position n.位置;姿态;职位

12. snack n.点心;小吃

13. county n.（英国、爱尔兰的）郡;（美国的）县

14. roll vi.& vt.（使）翻滚;（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）;翻滚

15. ocean n.大海;海洋

阅读词汇

1. Confucius n.孔子

2. kingdom n.王国；领域

3. military adj.军事的；军用的

4. gallery n.（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊

5. landscape n.（陆上,尤指乡村的）风景

6. butter n.黄油;奶油 vt.涂黄油于

7. ancestor n.祖宗;祖先

8. courtyard n.庭院;院子

9. feast n.盛宴;宴会;节日

10. roar vi.& n.吼叫;咆哮

11. scent n.气味;气息

12. stew n.炖菜（有肉和蔬菜） vt.& vi.炖;煨

13. transition n.过渡;转变;变迁

拓展词汇

1. philosophyn.哲学→philosopher n.哲学家

2. puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的；令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的；迷惑不解的

3. belong vi.应在（某处）；适应→belonging n.归属感；[pl.]所有物，财物

4. defence n.防御；保卫→defend vt.防御；保护；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的

5. legal adj.法律的；合法的→legally adv.法律上；合法地→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→illegally adv.非法地

6. surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的;附近的→surroundings n.环境

7. evidence n.证据；证明→evident adj.明显的；显然的→evidently adv.明显地；显然

8. achievement n.成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到;实现;完成

9. location n.地方；地点；位置→locate v.位于；确定……的准确地点

10. fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinated adj.感到入迷的;极感兴趣的→fascinate v.深深吸引;迷住→fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力;着迷

11. announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→announcement n.通告；公告；宣告→announcer n.广播员；播音员

12. eager adj.热切的；渴望的→eagerly adv.热切地；渴望地→eagerness n.渴望

13. poet n.诗人→poem n.诗；韵文→poetry n.诗歌（总称）

14. greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n.招呼;迎接;问候的话

15. custom n.风俗；习俗；习惯→customs n.（政府部门）海关;（港口或机场的）海关关口;关税→customer n.顾客;主顾

16. sensory adj.感觉的；感官的→sense n.感觉官能（即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉）

17. striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike v.撞；撞击；击打

18. crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满的

2 高频短语

1. hold on坚持住；别挂断

2. join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来

3. break away （from sb./sth.）脱离；背叛；逃脱

4. belong to属于

5. as well as同（一样也）；和；还

6. date back to追溯到

7. keep your eyes open （for）留心；留意

8. attend to照顾；照料

9. make up构成，组成；编造

10. on fire着火；情绪激昂

3 经典句型

1. So what is the difference between them, if any（如果有的话）? （省略句）

2. They had castles built（修建城堡）all around England, and made changes to the legal system. （have sth. done）

3. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city（因为它是一个古老的港口城市） that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.（as引导原因状语从句）

4. It wasn’t as good/interesting/fun as（像……一样好/有趣/好玩） I’d expected.（as...as...引导比较状语从句）

5. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day（当鸟儿迎接新的一天时）with their morning song. （while引导时间状语从句）

【话题重现】

As we all know, Qufu in Shandong Province is the hometown of Confucius,1._______________（found） of the Confucianism. There are many cultural sites, among2. _______________the most famous are the Confucius Family Mansion, the Temple of Confucius and the Cemetery of Confucius.

Confucius belonged3. _______________ the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. By the time of the Warring States Period, there4. _______________（be） seven chief kingdoms left. Sometimes, they5. _______________（join） to each other because the power of an individual kingdom was too limited, 6. _______________sometimes they broke away from each other. During this period, the kingdoms went through many battles, including the military offensive as well as military7. _______________（defend）. Finally, the State of Qin 8. _______________（conquer） the other six kingdoms and united them into one unified country. After that, the Qin Dynasty established a new legal system and a 9. _______________（unify） currency. Evidence shows that the Qin Dynasty made great10. _______________（achieve） in many aspects. Why the Qin Dynasty was strong is no longer a puzzle.

【主题词汇】

.一词多义

1．charge

(1)The young man was charged with abusing drugs.   

(2)My father took charge of the company five years ago.   

(3)Have you got your phone charged？It was powered off just now.   

(4)Luckily，the wolf didn’t charge again after I used wolf spray.   

(5)The old man charged me 10 dollars for a bottle of honey.   

2．approach

(1)The students approach their teacher for advice.   

(2)She decided to adopt a different approach to the problem.   

(3)As the summer break is approaching，I will be free for almost three months.   

(4)What’s the best way to approach this problem？   

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(1)

I am an actor living in Los Angeles, and I have a day job.I work at an ice cream shop—a little place called Salt & Straw.Since we are encouraged to be so personal with our customers, I've had some pretty special conversations with customers.And there is one customer I think about all the time, and I will never forget him.

He was so excited to try the ice cream.I gave him about five or six samples (样品).I also noticed that his nose was running.He didn't seem to notice.To be perfectly honest, it was making me feel disgusted．But I still went on cheerfully with the conversation and giving him samples.Then when he pulled a tissue from his pocket, he said, “Sorry, my nose keeps running.I'm going through chemotherapy  (化疗) now, and that's one of the side effects.”

I gently asked about the cancer.He told me that it was his second battle and that his body was responding better to treatment this time around, and then he added that it was the last stage.I told him that I was glad he shared his story with me.

I took him to the cash register (收银台) and as he pulled out his wallet, I told him that his ice cream was on me because I was so grateful to him for talking to me.He was surprised at first, and then gave me a big hug, thanking me for making his day.

“I know that I shouldn't be happy at this time in my life, but, for some  reason,  I've never been happier.I feel so free，” he said before he left.I'll never forget those words he told me.If someone who has stage four cancer can be in the happiest time of his life, why can't I, a healthy 24­year­old, make this the happiest time of my life? Now, when someone asks me “How are you？”， I respond with “Great, and getting better every day！”   

1．What does the underlined word “disgusted” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Puzzled.　　　　　　 B．Nervous.

C．Sickened.    D．Regretful.

2．What did the author learn about the man through talking to him?

A．He had just started his treatment.

B．He was suffering from a serious disease.

C．He had no interest in eating ice cream.

D．He was rather concerned about his health.

3．How did the man react after hearing the author's decision?

A．He considered it quite normal.

B．He got totally disappointed.

C．He was very grateful.

D．He was very proud.

4．What did the author realize from this experience?

A．He should live every day to the fullest.

B．He should learn to share his feelings.

C．He should struggle for a better life.

D．He should stay positive every day.

 (2)

Coffee is an important part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have drunk a lot of it!

Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story.In Italy, when you order a coffee in a café or bar (酒吧), you are served with a tiny, bitter espresso.This is “normal (正常的) coffee” for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK.If you want more than one sip (小口) of coffee in Italy, lungo is a good choice.It is espresso with a little more water added, but still served in a small cup.In addition, while takeaway coffee is quite popular among Brits, it is not very common at all in Italy, especially in non­touristy areas.Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and, for many, this short break is an important part of their day.

Usually, breakfast in a bar in Italy includes a coffee and a pastry (酥皮糕点).I have been spoiled for choice with lovely cafés in the Italian town I'm living in.These cafés sell different kinds of mouth­watering pastries—either plain (无陷料的)  or filled with cream, chocolate, etc—as well as delicious coffee.Cappuccinos are very popular at breakfast time and, for me, a creamy cappuccino and a pastry with chocolate is the perfect way to start the day.

Finally, I have found that coffee in Italy is so much cheaper than coffee in the UK.Normally, an espresso or a macchiato (an espresso with a drop of milk) costs around a euro and a cappuccino about 1.50! They are small, of course, but this means that in Italy it is possible to go out for coffee every day without breaking the bank.

5．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?

A．By time.    B．By space.

C．By example.    D．By comparison.

6．Which coffee will you get in Italy if you order one without special instructions?

A．Espresso.    B．Lungo.

C．Cappuccino.    D．Macchiato.

7．What can we learn about the coffee culture in Italy?

A．Takeaway coffee is very popular among Italians.

B．Italians are very often seen drinking huge coffees.

C．Italians like to take short breaks from work for coffee.

D．Coffees are often served along with pastries during breakfasts.

8．What does the author think of Italian coffee?

A．She loves its bitter taste.

B．It is too expensive for her.

C．It is a good choice for breakfast.

D．The cup it is served in is too small.

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to  carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.

Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that's a big dog！” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.

Mac's heart jumped. He found out his can of bear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase (追赶).

Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to slow down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he'd be easily caught up and the wolf's teeth would be tearing into his flesh.

At this moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn't think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed

was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式作答。

The car abruptly stopped in front of him.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A few minutes later, the other two cyclists arrived.