外研版 (新标准)九年级上册Unit 3 Language in use精品随堂练习题
展开Module 7 Great books
Unit 3 语法专项-一般现在时的被动语态
知识精讲
1. 什么是被动语态?(概念理解)
语态(voice),是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语和谓语动词的关系。
英语语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者。【巧记】“主动,主动,主去动”
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。【巧记】“被动,被动,主被动”
注意,被动语态里的谓语动词一定是及物动词。即,主语和谓语动词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
被动语态的基本结构“主+be+及物动词的过去分词+(by sb)”,时态和数体现在be动词上。
注意,主动语态有的时态,被动语态都有,时态的变化体现在系动词be上。外研版初中英语主要讲了一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时这三种情况下的被动语态。分三个模块重点讲练(M7 M8 M9)。
² We speak Chinese. 我们说汉语。(主动语态:主语“我们”是谓语“说”的执行者)
² Chinese is spoken by us. 汉语被我们说。(被动语态:主语“汉语”是谓语“说”的承受者)
通俗来讲,被动语态就是表示主语和谓语存在一种被动关系,相当于汉语中的“被字句”。
2. 什么时候用被动语态?(使用情况)
① 不知道动作的执行者时
² Some new computers were stolen yesterday. 昨天几台新电脑被偷了。(不知道谁干的)。
② 没必要说明动作的执行者时
² I was born in 2008. 我是2008年(被我妈妈)生的。(我肯定是我妈生的,没必要说)
③ 强调动作的承受者时
² The book was published in 2012. 这本书2012年(被)出版的。
(被动语态强调的是这本书,而不是出版社)
④ 不想明确动作的执行者时
² The window is broken. 窗户坏了。(具体谁弄坏的,不明说)
【助记口诀】谁做的不知道,说出谁没必要;承受者需强调,执行者不明确。
3. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 (语态转换)
主+谓(及物动词)+宾 (主动语态)
主+ be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾 (被动语态)
Simon ate the dumplings. Simon吃了饺子。
The dumplings were eaten by Simon. 饺子被Simon吃了。(饺子不能吃Simon)
所以主动变被动分三步
(1)主语(执行者)和宾语(承受者)互换位置。
(2)把主动语态的谓语动词变成被动形式(be+及物动词的过去分词)。
(3)被动语态里的宾语前加by(有时可省略),by后宾语若是代词变宾格。
² We produce these products→ 我们生产这些产品。
These products are produced by us. 这些产品被我们生产。
【助记口诀】宾变主,主变宾,宾前by;谓语变被动,be后“过分”跟。
【注意】(1)有些由“动词+介词或副词”构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,存在被动语态。在将含有这些动词短语的主动语态变换成被动语态时,不可将动词与介词或副词拆分,也不可省略介词或副词。
如,ask for(请求),talk about(谈论),listen to(倾听),look after、take care of(照顾),think of(考虑),laugh at(嘲笑)put up(建造),put off(推迟),turn down(调低),turn off(关掉),give up(放弃),find out(发现)等等。
² His classmates often laugh at him. 同学经常嘲笑他。(主动语态)
→ He is often laughed at by his classmates,他经常被同学嘲笑。(被动语态)
(2)see,hear,watch, notice等感官动词和make, help等使役动词后,在主动句里经常跟省略to的不定式作宾补,然而在变为被动语态时,切不可省略to。
² I often see them play football on the playground.
我经常看到他们在操场上踢足球。(主动语态 see sb do sth, 不带to)
→ They were often seen to play football (by me) on the playground.
他们经常被我看见在操场上踢足球。(被动语态 sb be seen to do sth 要带to)
【拓展】不可转换的情况,并不是所有主动语态的句子都可以转换成被动语态。
(1) 根据语境推断,不符合逻辑的。
² I have a book.我有一本书。反过来,书被我有,讲不通。
(2) 谓语是不及物动词或动词短语的没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有动作的承受者。
² He runs so fast. 他跑得真快。只有跑这个动作的执行者,构不成被动语态。
(3) 系动词无被动语态。为什么?所谓“主系表”,它是对主语的描述,根本没有宾语。系表结构表示的就是主语的一种状态,而这种状态一般就是通过形容词或副词来呈现的。
² The door is closed now.门现在关着了。
虽然看上去是be done的结构,但它表示的是一种状态,这里closed是过去分词变过来的形容词。
4.一般现在时的被动语态的结构 (句型变化)
肯定句
主语+am/is/are+ done +(by sb)+其他.
否定句
主语+am/is/are+not+done +(by sb)+其他.
一般疑问句
Am/Is/Are+主语+done+(by sb)+其他?
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+done +(by sb)+其他?
(这里我们用done表示及物动词的过去分词)
² We are influenced by Confucius’ ideas today. 如今我们被(受)孔子思想影响。
² We are not influenced by Confucius’ ideas today. 如今我们不被(受)孔子思想影响。
² Are we influenced by Confucius’ ideas today? 如今我们被(受)孔子思想影响吗?
² Why are we influenced by Confucius’ ideas today? 为什么如今我们被(受)孔子思想影响?
A lot of trees _______ in our city in spring every year.
A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们城市每年春天都种很多树。根据时间状语every year可知,此处应用一般现在时;主语A lot of trees和谓语动词plant存在一种被动关系,应用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构为:
主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词,故选A。
同步练习
语法专练-一般现在时的被动语态
(50道语法单项选择题)
题组A 基础过关练
1. (2022·北京市市辖区·模拟题)Today, more and more families ______ to take part in community service.
A. encouraged B. encourage
C. were encouraged D. are encouraged
【答案】D
【解析】句意:现今,越来越多的家庭被鼓励去参加社区服务。由Today可知,句子表述的是如今的情况,应用一般现在时;主语more and more families与动词encourage之间是被动关系,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
2. (2020·江苏省无锡市·单元测试)People have realized how important the environment is, but still trees ________ in the world every year.
A. cut off B. cut down C. are cut down D. are taken down
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:人们已经意识到环境的重要性,但是每年世界上的树木仍然被砍伐。A. cut off切断;中断;(主动语态)B.cut down砍伐,砍倒;(主动语态)C.are cut down被砍伐,被砍倒;(被动语态)D. are taken down被取下;被拆除(被动语态)。根据句意可知用一般现在时的被动语态,且这里表达树木被砍伐。故选C。
3. (2022·重庆市市辖区·模拟题)Now Chinese couples to have three children to reduce the pressure of an aging population.
A. encourage B. encouraged
C. are encouraged D. were encouraged
【答案】C
【解析】句意:现在中国夫妇被鼓励生三个孩子,以减轻人口老龄化的压力。根据now可知,时态为一般现在时,句子的主语Chinese couples和encourage之间是被动关系,所以句子语态为一般现在时的被动语态,结构是am/is/are+ done。
4. (2022·北京市市辖区·模拟题)This famous market________ by hundreds of people every day.
A. visits B. is visited C. visited D. was visited
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个著名的市场每天都有数百人参观。主语This famous market是动词visit的承受者,根据every day可知用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成是am/is/are +过去分词,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is。 故选:B。
5. (2021·全国·同步练习)This is a beautiful country, where about two fifths of the land ______ with trees and grass.
A. covers B. covered C. is covered D. will cover
【答案】C
【解析】分析句子结构可知,设空处在定语从句中作谓语,从句主语two fifths of the land与动词cover为被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C项。
6. (2020·湖北省襄阳市·期中考试)This English song ______ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态和动词的过去分词。句意:这首英文歌经常在下课后被女孩子唱。根据空前的主语This English song和空后的the girls可知,此处应用被动语法,表示“这首英文歌经常被女孩子唱。”;又结合句意语境可知,此处时态为一般现在时的被动语态; 一般现在时的被动语态主要结构为:主语(动作接受者) + is/am/are+动词的过去分词+ (by+动作执行者);主语This English song为单数,其后应加is;sing的过去分词为sung,过去式为sang。故选D。
7. (2022·云南省·单元测试)—How many trees ______ in your city every year?
—About five thousand.
A. have been grown B. are planted C. were planted D. are growing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你们城市每年种多少棵树?——大约5千棵。根据时间状语every year可知,应用一般现在时;主语trees和谓语动词plant之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词,故选B。
8. (2022·吉林省长春市·模拟题)Hainan Island ________ to be a good place for sightseeing today.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
【答案】C
【解析】分析句子可知,主语"Hainan Island"和动词"know"是被动关系,所以用被动语态,由"today"可知,应该是一般现在时的被动语态,构成:主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词。故选:C。
9. (2022·全国·同步练习)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ______ by people of all ages.
A. will love B. loved C. is loved D. loves
【答案】C
【解析】句意:美猴王是中国传统的卡通英雄。今天,他受到各个年龄段的人们的爱戴。A.爱,用于一般将来时;B.爱,love的过去式;C.被爱,一般现在时的被动语态;D.爱,第三人称单数形式。根据句中的Today可知,此句用一般现在时;此句的主语he与谓语动词love之间形成被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,由“is+动词的过去分词”构成。故选C。
10. (2022·辽宁省·单元测试)The novel is ________ by Charles Dickens.
A. writing B. wrote C. written D. writes
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这个小说是查尔斯狄根写的。novel与write构成被动关系,根据The ....Dickens可知:是对客观事实的陈述用一般现在时,即一般现在时的被动语态,结构为am/is/are+过去分词,write的过去分词为written,故选C
11. (2021·广东省·历年真题)With the development of China, Chinese ______ by a large number of people in the world.
A. speaks B. is spoken C. speak D. is speaking
【答案】B
【解析】句意:随着中国的发展,世界上许多人说汉语。首先根据句意可知表述的是现在的客观事实,所以用一般现在时,主语Chinese 是动作speak 的承受者,表示“汉语被说”所以用被动语态,一般现在时被动语态的构成是“主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词”,主语是不可数名词,be动词用is,故选B。
12. Chinese___________ by more and more people in the world now.
A. speak B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查被动语态。主语Chinese是动作speak的承受者,应该用被动语态,由now可知要用一般现在时的被动语态。本题较难。
13. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)The rivers ______ by the dirty water from the nearby factories.
A. polluted B. pollutes C. are polluting D. are polluted
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态。主语rivers河流是谓语动词pollute污染的对象,故用被动语态,被动语态的结构是:主语+be+done,故选D。
14. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)E-books ______ by more and more people in our daily life now.
A. use B. used C. are used D. were used
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态。主语E-books电子书和动词ues使用存在被动关系,故用被动语态,被动语态的结构是:主语+be+done,又因为now表示现在,所以是一般现在时,be动词用一般现在式,故选D。
15. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)More and more flowers ______ in Beijing every year.
A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在北京每年越来越多的花被种。flowers和plant存在被动关系,又因为时间状语every year提示是一般现在时,故此句是一般现在时的被动语态。结构:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词,又因为flowers是复数,故be动词用are,所以答案选C。
16. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)The park gates ______ at 10:00 every evening.
A. lock B. locked C. are locked D. were locked
【答案】C
【解析】句意:每天晚上十点公园的大门都会被锁上。根据时间状语every evening可知,应用一般现在时;主语The park gates和谓语动词lock之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词,故选C。
17. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)In China the money ______ to children for good luck by their parents or other senior in Spring Festival.
A. gives B. is given C. are given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】money和give存在被动关系,即“钱被给”;又因为money是不可数名词,所以选B。句意:在中国,春节时,父母或其他长辈给孩子钱是为了得到好运。
18. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)—Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking ______ in public places.
—Oh, sorry. I'll stop right now.
A. isn't allowed B. aren't allowed C. doesn't allow D. didn't allow
【答案】A
【解析】smoking与allow之间是逻辑动宾关系,故使用被动语态,排除C、D两项;动名词smoking作主语,谓语用单数形式,故选A。
19. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)—How clean your car is!
—Thank you.It ______ very often.
A. is washed B. washes C. was washed D. washed
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你的车多干净啊!——谢谢。它经常被洗。由句意知:车子是被洗,应用被动语态,因为句中有very often,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态,一般现在时被动语态的构成:主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。主语是it,be动词应该用is,故选A。
20. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)The Great Wall ______ all over the world.
A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known
【答案】C
【解析】句意:长城闻名于世界。这是一个事实,故用一般现在时态;the Great Wall与know之间构成被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。
21. (2022·北京市市辖区·同步练习)Chinese ______ by a large number of people in the world.
A. is spoken B. speaks C. speak D. are spoken
【答案】A
【解析】speak和Chinese是逻辑动宾关系,所以应用被动语态。Chinese作“汉语”讲时是不可数名词,所以be动词用is。故选A。
22. (2021·北京市·历年真题)Today, many winter Olympic sports ______ even by children.
A. enjoyed B. enjoy C. were enjoyed D. are enjoyed
【答案】D
【解析】句意:今天,许多冬奥会项目甚至连孩子们都喜欢。句子表述的是一般性的事实,所以用一般现在时,主语winter Olympic sports是动作enjoy 的承受者,所以用被动语态,一般现在时被动语态的构成是:主语+am/is/are+动词的过去分词。故选D。
23. (2022·北京市·模拟题)Spring Festival _______ in many countries now.
A. celebrates B. is celebrated
C. will celebrate D. will be celebrated
【答案】B
【解析】句意:现在许多国家庆祝春节。本句陈述一事实现象,用一般现在时。celebrate庆祝,动词,主语Spring Festival与celebrate之间是被动地关系,所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态,构成为am/is/are+过去分词。主语Spring Festival是专有名词,be动词用is。
24. (2022·全国·同步练习)—Do you know the famous artist in red?
—Sure. He ______ to the art festival in our city every year.
A. invites B. doesn’t invited C. is invited D. isn’t invited
【答案】C
【解析】结合句子,主语he和invite(邀请)之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。再由every year.可知,句子时态为一般现在时。结合Do you know the famous artist in red?(你认识那个穿红色衣服的著名艺术家吗)可知,他每年都被邀请去我们城市的艺术节,所以句子是肯定句。
25. (2022·广西壮族自治区百色市·模拟题)More trees ______ every year to make our city greener.
A. is planted B. are planted C. was planted D. were planted
【答案】B
【解析】句意:为了让我们的城市变得更绿,每年都会种更多的树。根据every year可知,应用一般现在时;主语More trees和谓语动词plant之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词,主语是复数形式,be动词应用are。故选B。
26. (2022·江西省吉安市·模拟题)—I'd like some beef noodles, please.
—Sorry, sir. Beef noodles only for breakfast.
A. serve B. served C. are served D. were served
【答案】C
【解析】serve服务,供应。选项A是动词原形;选项B是过去式;选项C是一般现在时被动语态;选项D是一般过去时被动语态。根据句中结构和字面意思可知句子的时态是一般现在时,语态是被动语态。因此本题正确答案是C。 故选:C。--我想要牛肉面条。--对不起,先生。牛肉面条只在早饭供应。解答本题需根据句中结构和字面意思确定时态和语态,再根据所给选项的不同形式选取正确答案。
27. (2022·河南省·同步练习)Mr. Smith_________to be one of the best teachers in our school.
A. considers B. considering C. is considered D. considered
【答案】C
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:史密斯老师被认为是我们学校的最佳教师之一。consider意为“考虑”,和主语Mr. Smith之间构成被动关系,可知用被动语态be done,be considered to do意为“被认为做某事”,故选C。
28. (2021·重庆市市辖区·期中考试)Every year, a lot of bikes ______ in Chongqing.
A. are produced B. were produced C. produced D. produces
【答案】A
【解析】句意:每年,重庆生产大量的自行车。根据时间状语Every year可知,应用一般现在时;主语a lot of bikes和谓语动词produce之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词,故选A。
29. (2021·河北省保定市·模拟题)Mobile Payment ________ in our life widely. It makes our life more convenient.
A. used B. was used C. is used D. has used
【答案】C
【解析】句意:移动支付在我们的生活中被广泛使用。它使我们的生活更便利。根据句意及句子结构可知,此空所在的句子是一般现在时的被动语态,结构是:主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的过去分词(+其他)。结合选项,use使用,动词,过去分词used,因为此句的主语Mobile Payment移动支付,第三人称单数形式,因此,句中的be动词也要用对应的第三人称单数形式is,故选C。
30. (2021·安徽省淮南市·月考试卷)Every day, too much water in our school. We should save it.
A. is wasted B. will be wasted C. was wasted D. wasted
【答案】A
【解析】句意:每天我们学校都会有大量的水被浪费。我们应该节约用水。根据Every day可知,时态应用一般现在时;主语water和谓语动词waste之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态;一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词。故选A。
题组B 能力提升练
31. (2021·辽宁省铁岭市·历年真题)We can leave two hours earlier if the work ______.
A. completes B. completed C. is completed D. was completed
【答案】C
【解析】句意:如果工作完成了,我们可以提前两小时离开。主语the work是动词complete的承受者,根据主句We can leave two hours earlier 可知从句用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成是:am/is/are+过去分词。
故选C。
32. (2020·江西省·历年真题)You ______ lunch at school. So you don't have to bring your own food.
A. give B. will give C. are given D. have given
【答案】C
【解析】句意:学校会给你提供午餐。这样你就不用自带食物了。分析题干可知,主语是动作的承受者,故用被动语态,结构为:be+动词的过去分词。结合句意,此处表示当前阶段的情况,应用一般现在时。故选C。
33. (2020·江西省宜春市·期中考试)A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and ______ with a special party.
A. is celebrated B. is celebrating C. was celebrated D. celebrates
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在中国,宝宝满月是一件特别的事情,人们会举行一个特别的聚会来庆祝。分析题干可知,主语A baby's first month birthday与谓语动词celebrate之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,且“庆祝宝宝满月”是习俗,所以用一般现在时,故用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词。故选A。
34. (2022·上海市·单元测试)—Can you tell me if he _______ all the problems in thirty minutes?
—I'm afraid he can't. If he ______ another five minutes, I think he will.
A. will solve; will give B. solves; is given
C. will solve; is given D. solves; will give
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你能告诉我他是否能在30分钟内解决所有问题?——恐怕不行。如果再多给他5分钟,我想他就可以(解决所有问题)。分析句子结构可知,第一空所在的句子是宾语从句,主句为一般现在时,从句时态根据主现从任原则,再根据从句中in thirty minutes可知,in+时间段与一般将来时连用,排除B和D;第二空所在的句子是if引导的条件状语从句,时态根据主将从现原则,所以此处应该用一般现在时表示将来的事情,且此处he是give的动作承受者,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,用is done形式,故选C。
35. (2022·北京市·专项测试)Because it ______ every day, the window is very clean.
A. cleaned B. will clean C. was cleaned D. is cleaned
【答案】D
【解析】句意:因为每天打扫,所以窗户非常干净。主语it指the window,与clean是被动关系,因此用被动语态,被动语态的形式是“be+过去分词”,排除A、B。根据every day及is可知应用一般现在时,故选D。
36. (2022·全国·模拟题)With the development of technology,5 G _________ throughout the big city now.( )
A. uses B. is using C. is used
【答案】C
【解析】主语5 G是动词is的承受者,根据时间状语now可知用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成是am/is/are +过去分词,主语5 G是单数,所以be动词用is。 故选:C。
37. (2022·北京市市辖区·模拟题)China has become stronger and stronger. Chinese______by more and more foreigners.
A. speak B. spoke C. was spoken D. is spoken
【答案】D
【解析】分析可知,该空所在句的主语为Chinese,与谓语动词speak之间为被动关系,应用被动语态be+done,排除AB。句意为:越来越多的外国人说汉语。结合第一句可知此句语态为一般现在时的被动语态。主语Chinese是第三人称单数名词,故be使用is。speak的过去分词是spoken。 故选:D。
38. (2022·吉林省长春市·模拟题)– Let's eat some snacks.
– Better not. Eating _______ in the library.
A. allows B. doesn't allow C. is not allowed D. are not allowed
【答案】C
【解析】Eating为动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。结合句意Eating不被允许。因此用一般现在时的被动语态is not allowed。 故选:C。--我们吃点零食吧。 --最好不要。图书馆里不准吃东西。
本题需要结合句意及提示,分清所需要填写句子的结构或时态,从而确定答案。
39. (2021·安徽省亳州市·模拟题)There wonˈt be new basketball matches in our school before COVID﹣19________.
A. controls B. has controlled C. is controlled D. was controlled
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在新冠肺炎被控制之前,我们学校不会有新的篮球比赛。根据won't be可知主句用的一般将来时,根据“主将从现”,从句用一般现在时;结合语境,新冠肺炎是被控制,故用一般现在时的被动语态,其句式结构为“be+动词过去分词”,主语是COVID-19,be动词用is,故选C。
40. (2021·单元测试)—If he______________enough time, he will come up with an idea.
—Of course. We all trust him.
A. gives B. is given C. will give D. will be given
【答案】B
【解析】分析句子结构可知,设空处所在部分为if引导的条件状语从句,时态遵循“主将从现”所以设空处部分的句子时态用一般现在时。主语he和give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用被动语态,此时应使用一般现在时被动语态形式,为“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”。
41.(2022·全国·同步练习)—May I smoke here?
—No, you ______. No one ______ to do that in the reading room.
A. neednˈt; is allowed B. wouldnˈt; isnˈt allowed
C. canˈt; isnˈt allowed D. mustnˈt, is allowed
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我可以在这吸烟吗?——不,你不可以。在阅览室任何人都不允许那样做。A.needˈt“不需要,不必”;B.wouldnˈt“不会”;C.canˈt“不能”;D.mustnˈt“不可以,表示禁止”。根据句意可知,应该用mustnˈt来回答,表示禁止做某事,no one“没有人”表否定,故后面的被动语态应该用肯定形式。故选D。
42.(2021·广西壮族自治区桂林市·模拟题)More and more old people____good care of at Old People's Home now.
A. are taken B. takes C. took D. taking
【答案】A
【解析】根据题干,可知主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。由now可知时态是一般现在时,主语people接are+过去分词。故选:A。现在越来越多的老人在养老院得到了很好的照顾。熟悉一般现在时被动语态的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
43.(2021·广西壮族自治区河池市·历年真题)All customers ______ to take their temperatures when they enter the supermarket.
A. is asked B. was asked C. are asked D. were asked
【答案】C
【解析】句意:所有顾客进入超市时都被要求量体温。根据语境,题干主语all customers(所有的顾客)与谓语动词ask(要求)之间是被动关系,且根据enter可知,题干表述的是客观情况,因此设空处应用一般现在时态的被动语态,即is/am/are done结构,主语是复数形式,be动词用are。故选C。
44. (2021·全国·单元测试)Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ______ to drive a car.
A. are allowed B. will allow C. will be allowed D. allow
【答案】A
【解析】句意:青少年必须要年满18周岁才被允许开车。before引导时间状语从句,从句中用一般现在时,排除BC;主语they和allow之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态,结构为:be+动词的过去分词。故选A。
45. (2022·山东省·单元测试)My little cousin likes reading. Most of his pocket money on books.
A. has spent B. spends C. spent D. is spent
【答案】D
【解析】根据上文"My little cousin likes reading."的时态,可推断下句时态也用一般现在时;主语pocket money和动词spend之间是被动关系,故此题为一般现在时态的被动语态,其构成是:am/is/are+过去分词。 故选:D。我的小表弟喜欢读书。他的大部分零用钱都花在了书本上根据时间状语和语境判断时态,根据主语和动词之间的主被动关系判断语态。
46.(2019·安徽省·单元测试)—May I smoke here?
—No, you ______. No one ______ to do that in the reading room.
A. needn't; is allowed B. wouldn't; isn't allowed
C. can't; isn't allowed D. mustn't; is allowed
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我可以在这里吸烟吗?——不,不可以。在阅览室任何人都不允许那样做。needn't“不需要,不必”;wouldn't“不会”;can't“不能”;mustn't“不可以,禁止”;根据No one ______ to do that in the reading room.可知,在阅览室吸烟是不被允许的,mustn't符合句意;且No one作主语,句子谓语动词用肯定形式,故选D。
47. (2021·辽宁省本溪市·模拟题)He likes reading very much, so his pocket money _______ buying books every year.
A. spends B. will spend C. has spent D. is spent
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他非常喜欢读书,所以他每年的零花钱都用在买书上面了。主语pocket money和动词spend(花费)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态;结合every year可知是一般现在时,一般现在时的被动语态结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词。故选D。
48.(2020·辽宁省沈阳市·期中考试)A giant panda is tiny when it ________.
A. born B. was born C. bore D. is born
【答案】B
【解析】该句的主语为 it(A giant panda ),与谓语动词bear之间为被动关系,句子应用被动语态;根据题意可知,此题应用一般过去时态,故句子语态为一般过去时的被动语态,即 was born。故选:B。大熊猫出生时很小。考查时态和语态,根据时间状语判断时态,根据主谓之间的主被动关系判断语态。
49.(2021·河北省石家庄市·模拟题)The city is famous as the “Forest City”. Two thirds of the area __________ with green trees.
A. covers B. covered C. is covered D. is covering
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这座城市以“森林之城”而闻名。这一地区三分之二的地方都被绿树覆盖。cover覆盖,动词,和主语Two thirds of the area之间是被动关系,结合上句的is可知,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。此处为分数/百分数+of+名词作主语,谓语动词形式由后面的名词决定,此处area为单数,故be动词用is,故选C。
50.(2019·江苏省无锡市·单元测试)—Can I go to the concert with you tomorrow, Mum?
—Of course, if all your homework ______ by noon.
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. does
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我明天能和你一起去听音乐会吗?——当然,如果你的作业在中午之前都做完了的话。设空处所在部分为if引导的条件状语从句,时态遵循“主将从现”,因此此处时态用一般现在时。主语homework和do(做)之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,要用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态为“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”。homework为不可数名词,be动词用is,do的过去分词为done。故选A。
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