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这是一份2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习Unit3Backtothepast课件牛津译林版选择性必修第三册，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了基础回顾·自主排查，核心考点·互动探究，跟踪演练·强化提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
►核心词汇——写其形1．____________ n. 惊恐，恐慌vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措2．____________ adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的3．____________ adv. 同时；其间；对比之下4．____________ vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢5．____________ vi. & vt. (sank, sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低6．____________ n. 产量，输出量7．____________ vt. 拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动8．____________ vt. & vi. 装上，装入n. 负载；承载量；大量9．____________ n. 改变，转移；轮班10．____________ adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
►阅读词汇——知其意1．vyage n. ________________vi. ________________2．fleet n. ________________3．navigate vt. ________________vi. ________________4．cmpass n. ________________5．lg n. ________________vi. & vt. ________________
航海日志，正式记录；原木
6．rute n. ________________7．unifrm n. ________________adj. ________________8．chas n. ________________9．navy n. ________________10．infamy n. ________________
路线，路途；途径，渠道
臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶
►拓展词汇——通其变1．bard n．板，板子→________ prep. & adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)2．astnish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→__________ n．[U]惊讶，震惊→__________ adj.令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的3．finance n．金融，财政→________ adj.财政的，金融的，财务的4．cmpare vt.比较→__________ n．对比；比较5．strng adj.强壮的，强健的→________ n．体力，力气；意志力；实力，优点，长处→________ adv.坚定地；强烈地
astnishment
6．shrt adj.矮的；短的；短缺的，不足的→________ v．弄短；把……截短→________ n．不足，短缺7．depart vi. & vt.离开，起程→________ n．离开，起程8．bld n．血，血液→________ vi.(bled, bled)失血，流血→________ adj.流血的；血腥的9．adpt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养→________ n．采用，收养10．insist vi. & vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说→________ n．坚决要求；坚持；固执→________ adj.坚决要求的，坚持的，固执的
►高频短语——记得牢1．________________ 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了2．________________ 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内3．________________ 与……相反4．________________ 满载着……5．________________ 使……接触……；使……暴露于……6．________________ 坚持做某事7．________________ 在……的过程中8．________________ 受……的影响9．________________ 接替某人担任10．____________________________ (在某事上)与某人意见不合
be laded with...
insist n ding sth.
ver the curse f...
be influenced by...
succeed sb. as...
disagree with sb. (n/abut/ver sth.)
11．regardless f ________________12．srt ut ________________13．play an imprtant rle in... ________________14．pay friendly visits t... ________________15．dismiss sth. as... ________________16．put sb. in danger ________________17．bear witness t... ________________18．take an interest in... ________________19．cnsist f ________________
理顺，整理；把……安排好
把某事当成……不予考虑
►典型句式——懂其用1．as is/was the case(with/in...)这是经常的事/通常情况下/……也一样Thse wh make great discveries must ften vercme many challenges alng the way—___________________________________________.凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。2．主语(表无生命的事物)＋see/find/witness＋宾语 ……经历/发生/见证/目睹了……His vyages pened a new chapter f the Age f Explratin, a perid __________________________________________.他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。
as was the case with the explrer Christpher Clumbus
which witnessed many imprtant gegraphical findings
3．where引导地点状语从句Tday, the USS Arizna lies _____________： in the middle f the Pacific Ocean.如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置：在太平洋的中央。
where it sank
►第一版块|重点单词1．breadth n．宽度；广泛 brad adj.宽阔的，广阔的；广泛的 bradly adv.大体上 braden v．变宽；扩大；增长 (1)hair's breadth 一发之差，极细微的距离breadth f visin 远见卓识a tremendus breadth f experience 极其广泛的经验(2)a brad street 宽广的街道brad shulders 宽肩a brad smile/grin 咧嘴笑a brad range f prducts 各种各样的产品(3)bradly speaking 大体上说(4)braden ne's hrizns 拓宽某人的视野
◎单句语法填空①Where will we find smene with her ________ (brad) f experience?②O'Cnnell Bridge in Dublin is famus fr being ________ (brad) than it is lng.③________ (brad) speaking, dn't yu think wmen make better drivers than men?④They are _________ (brad) the bridge t speed up the flw f traffic.
2．cnvince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 cnvinced adj.确信的，坚信的 cnvincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的(1)cnvince sb. f sth. 使某人相信某事cnvince sb.＋(that)宾语从句 使某人相信……cnvince sb. t d sth. 说服某人做某事cnvince neself f 使自己相信……(2)(be) fully cnvinced＋(that)宾语从句 深信……be/feel firmly cnvinced that... 确信……；笃信……；坚信……(3)cnvincing evidence 有力的证据a cnvincing speech 有说服力的演讲In rder t cnvince us f his hnesty, he gave us several cnvincing cases which culd make us cnvinced f it.为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给了我们几个有说服力的事例，这些事例可以使我们相信他的诚实。
◎单句语法填空①Althugh I sn cnvince him ________ my inncence, I think he still has serius dubts abut my sanity.②It's useless trying t cnvince her ________ she desn't need t lse any weight.③Oscar cnvinced the manager ________ (lk) in the recrd f advance ticket sales.④Althugh the players in ur team are yung, I'm ________ (full) cnvinced they will win tday.⑤Scientists say there is n ________ (cnvince) evidence that pwer lines have anything t d with cancer.
3．harmnius adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 harmniusly adv.融洽地 harmny n．融洽，和睦(1)harmnius relatins 关系融洽harmnius wrld 和谐世界harmnius sciety 和谐社会(2)in harmny with 与……协调ut f harmny with 与……不协调live tgether in perfect harmny 十分和睦地一起生活scial/racial harmny 社会/种族融洽
◎单句语法填空①There are several ways t create and maintain a _________ (harmny) drmitry life.②Giving a helping hand t thse wh are desperate fr help can make ur sciety ______________ (harmnius)．③The nly way fr us t survive is t live in harmny ________ nature.
mre harmnius
4．dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 (1)dismiss sth. frm ne's mind 拒绝考虑某事dismiss sth./sb. as... 把某事/某人当作……不予理会dismiss sb. frm sth. 把某人从……(职位)解雇(2)be dismissed frm schl 被学校开除be dismissed frm the firm 被公司开除be dismissed frm his jb 被免职dismiss the class 下课[名师点津]在日常英式英语中，说“开除”人们一般用sack，在日常美式英语中一般用fire，而不用dismiss。
◎单句语法填空①I think he ________ (dismiss) me as an idit within five minutes f meeting me.②Just dismiss thse thughts ________ yur mind—they're crazy and nt wrth thinking abut.③With the current ecnmic crisis, he ___________ (dismiss) frm the cmpany fr incmpetence last mnth.
was dismissed
5．prf n．证据，证明 (1)prf f... ……的证据/证明prf f purchase 购物证明cnclusive prf 确凿的证据further prf 进一步的证据scientific prf 科学证据need prf 需要证据withut abslute prf 没有确凿的证据
(2)prvide/give prf 提供证据have sme prf that... 有一些证据……There is prf that... 有证据证明……There is n prf that... 没有证据证明……[学法点拨]-prf作为后缀使用时，意为“防……的；抗……的”。a bulletprf vest防弹背心a waterprf jacket防水夹克衫a willd-prf jacket挡风夹克衫frst-prf pts fr the garden花园里用的防冻花盆
◎单句语法填空①D they have any prf ________ it was Hampsn wh stle the gds?②If anyne needs prf ________ Andrew Davies' genius as a writer, this nvel is it.③There is nw prf ________ giant squid d exist.④They say they have scientific prf ________ the treatment wrks.⑤Everyne has an ability t create prf ________ their talent, knwledge and skills.
6.influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的 influence n. & vt.影响(1)an influential figure 有影响力的人物a highly influential bk 十分有影响力的书be influential in... 在……方面有影响力(2)influence sb. t d sth. 影响某人做某事(3)have an influence n 对……有影响have influence ver 支配；控制under the influence f 在……的影响下have a strng influence n sb. 对某人产生强大的影响under sb.'s influence 在某人的影响下
◎单句语法填空①She wanted t wrk fr a bigger and _____________ (influential) newspaper.②Jhnsn was influential in _________ (persuade) the prducers t put mney int the film.③What exactly is the influence f televisin ________ children?④Cnfucius greatly ________ (influence) the develpment f China's culture and educatin.
mre influential
7．insist vi. & vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 insistence n．[U]坚决要求，坚持insist n/upn 坚持/坚称……insist n ding sth. 坚持/执意做某事an insistence n 坚决主张at sb.'s insistence 在某人的坚持下insist that... 执意要求做……；坚称……
[学法点拨](1)insist后面接that宾语从句时，如果表示“坚持或坚决要求”，that从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用 “(shuld＋) d”，被动用“(shuld＋) be dne”，shuld可以省略。He insisted that the prblem (shuld) be discussed at the meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。(2)insist后面接that宾语从句时，如果表示“坚持说或坚称”，that从句不用虚拟语气。She insisted that the man had stlen her wallet and that he (shuld) be sent t the plice statin.她坚持说那个男子偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。
◎单句语法填空①She insisted ________ telling me every single detail f what they did t her in the hspital.②The bss insists that it ________ (be) a very sund investment.③Tm's parents insisted that the teacher _____________ (infrm) them f any prgress Tm made.
(shuld) infrm
8.depart vi. & vt.离开，起程 departure n．离开；起程；出发depart frm New Yrk 从纽约离开depart fr Paris 飞往巴黎depart Lndn 离开伦敦depart ne's jb 离职◎单句语法填空①The flight fr Cambridge will depart ________ Terminal 2.②The train nw ________ (depart) frm Platfrm 13 is the 10：35 t Glasgw.③The passengers wuld be transferred t anther flight t depart ________ Milan later n Mnday.④They had received n news f him since his _________ (depart) frm the island.
9.panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi. & vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措(1)in (a) panic 惊慌地，在惊慌中a mment f panic 一时惊慌get int a panic 陷入恐慌(表动作)panic buying/selling 恐慌性抢购/抛售panic sb. int ding sth. 使某人仓促做某事a panic attack 一阵心慌意乱a panic decisin 慌乱中作出的决定cause panic 引起恐慌(2)Dn't panic! 别慌！There's n panic; we've gt plenty f time.不用着急，我们有的是时间。
◎单句语法填空①Kate was ________ a panic abut her exam, which made her parents wrried.②He gt ________ a panic that he wuld frget his lines n stage.③The bss always ________ (panic) abut the budget every mnth.④Guests ________ (panic) and screamed when the bmb explded.
10.facilitate vt.使便利，促进 facilitatin n．便利；促进，增强 facility n．设施；设备(1)facilitate husewrk 为家务劳动提供便利facilitate ecnmic grwth 促进经济发展facilitate mutual understanding 促进相互理解(2)facilitatin measures 便利措施(3)athletic/cultural facilities 体育/文化设施public facilities 公共设施cmmunicatin facilities 通信设备cmputer facilities 计算机设备
◎单句语法填空①Mdern inventins have greatly ________ (facilitate) husewrk.◎完成句子②新机场将促进旅游业的发展。The new airprt will _____________________________.③计算机可为语言学习带来便利。Cmputers can be used t _______________________.④我们对他们表示欢迎，并将提供一切可能的便利和协助。We welcme them and will ________________________ and assistance.
facilitated
facilitate the develpment f turism
facilitate language learning
prvide all pssible facilitatin
11．available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 availability n．可用或可得到的人/物be/becme available t sb. 对某人来说是可使用的/可获得的be available t d sth. 可供使用做某事be available fr 可用于becme available 可以用/获得make sth. available 使某物可利用/可获得available resurces/facilities 可利用的资源/设施readily available 可以容易得到的
the nly rm available 唯一可用的房间Such infrmatin will be readily available t us.此类信息我们可以轻松获得。There were n tickets available fr the perfrmance n Friday.星期五演出的票买不到了。Will she be available this afternn?今天下午她有空吗？
◎完成句子①Cld drinks will ___________ (可获得) at the Sprts Center.②__________________________ (所有信息在手), they fund the htel in the muntain easily.③In the 1940s, electricity _____________ (可供……使用) peple in almst all areas f the United States.④I wuld have gne t my cusin's birthday party last night, but ______________ (我没空)．
be available
With all the infrmatin available
was available t
I was nt available
12．cmparisn n．对比；比较 cmpare vt.对比；比较 cmparable adj.可比较的(1)make a cmparisn 作比较by/in cmparisn with 与……相比by cmparisn 相比之下(2)cmpare A with B 把A和B作比较cmpare A t B 把A比作Bcmpared t/with... 与……相比(常作状语)(3)beynd cmpare 无与伦比＝beynd cmparisn 无可比拟
◎单句语法填空①T my mind there's n __________ (cmpare) between the tw restaurants.②It is difficult t make ________ cmparisn with her previus bk—they are cmpletely different.③In cmparisn ________ the previus study, the new study expanded research subjects.④________ cmparisn, Americans are ften frank abut displaying bth psitive and negative emtins n the street and in ther public places.⑤________ (cmpare) t when we were at schl, children seem t learn mre interesting things nw.
13.pack vt. & vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾(行李)；打包；包装，包裹 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包(1)pack ne's pack int... 挤进……里面be packed with... 挤满……，塞满……pack sth. away 将某物收拾好(2)a fd pack 食品包tw packs f ckies 两包饼干a pack f writing paper 一盒信纸a pack f dgs 一群狗
◎单句语法填空①Peple packed ________ the square and every street leading t it which was filled as far as I culd see.②On his birthday last week, his rm __________ (pack) with fruit, flwers, and gifts given by his friends.③Once a friend and I packed ________ sme peanut butter and jelly sandwiches fr an uting.④________ (pack) f ice were put n my frehead t keep dwn the fever.
14．cntrary adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 n. the cntrary相反的事实a cntrary pint f view 相反的观点(be) cntrary t 与……相反cntrary advice/pinins/arguments 完全相反的建议/观点/论点n the cntrary/quite the cntrary 恰恰相反(作状语)t the cntrary 相反的；相反地(相当于形容词或副词，起形容词作用时，作后置定语)cntrary t ppular belief 与普遍的看法相反[学法点拨]cntrary t是形容词短语，在句中常作状语、表语或定语。
◎单句语法填空①Cntrary ________ all ur expectatins, he fund a well-paid jb and a nice girlfriend.②—I thught yu said the film was exciting.—________ the cntrary, I nearly fell asleep half way thrugh it!③Fr a lng time it was thught t be a harmless substance, but we nw have evidence ________ the cntrary.④Their pinin is cntrary ________ mine.⑤Unless there is evidence _____________ (相反的), we have n chice but t believe what the chef has said.
t the cntrary
15．meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下(＝meantime)n.其间，其时 in the meanwhile (n.)/meantime 在此期间；与此同时fr the meanwhile 一会儿，暂时Mther went shpping; meanwhile, I cleaned the huse.妈妈去买东西，与此同时，我打扫房间。Please find a taxi, and in the meanwhile I'll pack sme fd.你去叫辆出租车，趁这工夫我打包点吃的。We need sme new curtains, but these will d fr the meanwhile.我们需要一些新的窗帘，但这些暂时还可以用。
◎完成句子①I hpe t g t medical schl eventually. _____________________ (在此期间), I am ging t study chemistry.②The dctr will see yu again next week. _______________________ (在此期间), yu must rest as much as pssible.③We need sme new curtains, but these will d ________________ (暂时)．
In the meanwhile/meantime
Meanwhile/In the meanwhile
fr the meanwhile
16．drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动；过得很慢 drag sth. ver t 把某物拖到……drag sb. frm 把某人从……拽起来drag neself ut f bed 费力地起床drag sb. all this way 拽着某人走/跑了一路can't/culdn't drag myself away 舍不得自己离开drag yur feet/heels 故意拖拉；故意延迟(作出决定)
◎单句语法填空①Pick the chair up instead f ________ (drag) it behind yu!②She ________ (drag) the cane dwn t the water.③The first half f the mvie was interesting but the secnd half ________ (drag) n.④I dragged my chair ver ________ the windw.⑤I managed t drag ________ (me) ut f bed.⑥I'm srry t drag yu ________ this way in the heat.
17.sink vi. & vt.(sank, sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 sinking n．沉没 adj.下沉的(1)sink t the bttm f 沉到……的底部sink behind 落到……后面sink like a stne 折戟沉沙；立即沉没(2)sink int a chair 颓然倒在椅子里sink t the flr 倒在地板上sink dwn 沉落sink in thught 陷入沉思sink int pverty 陷入贫困中[名师点津]sink可以表示具体的“沉没”，也可以表示抽象的“(情绪)低落”
◎单句语法填空①She let ut a sigh and ________ (sink) int a chair, nt knwing what t d.②My father's ship ________ (sink) in Wrld War Ⅱ， which was a great lss.③The Titanic was a cruise ship which sank ________ the bttm f the cean in 1912.④The legs f the garden chair sank ________ the sft grund.⑤It is clear that huse prices have ________ (sink) t a new lw.
18．pray vi. & vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 prayer n．祈祷；祈祷的内容，祈祷文(1)pray fr... 祈祷……；企盼……pray t 向……祈祷pray t d sth. 祈求做某事pray fr peace 祈求和平pray t be frgiven 祈求得到宽恕pray that... 祈祷……(2)say/give ne's prayers 祷告kneel in prayer 跪下祈祷
◎单句语法填空①He spent his time in prisn ________ (pray) and studying.②I'm just praying ________ smebdy in Cngress will d smething befre it's t late.③During the Spring Festival, sme peple wuld visit temples t pray ________ happiness, wealth and health.
19．refrm vt.改进，改良，改革；悔改 n．改革，改良 need t be refrmed 需要进行改革refrm and pening-up 改革开放the pace f refrm 改革的步伐the supply-side structural refrm 供给侧结构改革supprt the refrm f 支持……的改革a majr refrm 重大的改革refrms in educatin 教育改革refrm an unfair system 改革不公正的制度
◎单句语法填空①Fr years I was an alchlic, but I ________ (refrm) when the dctrs gave me six mnths t live.②The gvernment is in the prcess f ________ (refrm) the benefits system.③In my pinin, sme ________ (refrm) f the system are necessary.
20.shift n．改变，转移；轮班 vi. & vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变 (1)a shift in sth. 某方面的转变a shift f emphasis 重点的转移be n the day/night shift at the factry 在工厂上白班/夜班wrk an eight-hur shift 按每班八小时轮班工作(2) 把……从……移动/搬到……shift ne's grund 改变某人的立场
◎单句语法填空①There has been ________ dramatic shift in public pinin twards peaceful negtiatins.②Sciety's attitudes twards wmen _________ (shift) enrmusly ver the last century.③Tm's parents hped ________ (shift) his attentin away frm cmputer games.④Je listened, ________ (shift) uncmfrtably frm ne ft t anther.
have shifted
►第二版块|重点短语1．allw fr使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内(1)allw fr yur age 考虑到你的年龄allw fr human errr 考虑到人为失误allw fr this reasn 考虑到这个原因(2)allw sb./sth. t d sth. 允许某人/某物做某事allw ding sth. 允许做某事Our English teacher allws fr different kinds f interactins in class.我们的英语老师允许课堂上有各种各样的互动。◎单句语法填空①We have t allw ________ the pssibility that we might nt finish this prject n schedule.②Yu shuld allw fr the plane ____________ (delay)．③________ (allw) fr the bad weather, we shuld set ff right nw.
being delayed
2.n behalf f代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了n/in behalf f sb.(＝n/in sb.'s behalf) 代替/代表某人；为了某人stand fr 代表，象征(作谓语)◎单句语法填空①On behalf ________ ur schl, I wuld like t express ur warm welcme t yu.②Ann asked the dctr t speak t her parents ________ her behalf.③Jack thanked them ________ yur behalf.
3.srt ut理顺，整理；把……安排好；分类，挑出(1)srt ut the emails 整理电子邮件srt ut the papers t be thrwn away 把要扔掉的文件挑出来srt ut the prblems 解决问题srt sth. ut (frm...) (从……中)区分出来/辨别出来 size 把……按大小分类 piles 把……分成几堆(2)a srt f 一种all srts/kinds f 各种各样的(名词前)f all srts 各种各样的(名词后)this/that srt f 这/那种(名词前)f this/that srt 这/那种(名词后)
◎单句语法填空①He decided t srt ________ her life fr her, but she refused him.②Rubbish can easily be separated and srted ________ plastics, glass and paper.③She spent an afternn ________ (srt) ut her cins and stamps.④The eggs are srted ________ size.⑤After supper, we wuld play card games f all ________ (srt) in the sitting rm.⑥He was a pet ________ a srt.⑦Plants ________ this srt dn't grw n this island.◎完成句子⑧这价格比我预料的稍高一些。The price was _____________ higher than I'd expected.
srt f/kind f
►第三版块|典型句式1．as is/was the case (with/in...)这是经常的事/通常情况下/……也一样[教材原句]Thse wh make great discveries must ften vercme many challenges alng the way—as was the case with the explrer Christpher Clumbus.凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。[句式分析](1)该句型的基本含义是“这是常见的情形”或“情况往往如此”等，as is the case还经常与ften, always等词搭配使用。该句型作为从句使用时，一般位于句首，其后再接一个陈述句，用于具体描述某个情形。它既可以单独使用，也可以在后面接介词with/in。
(2)as is/was the case单独使用时，其含义为“通常情况下，一如既往地”。As is ften the case, humans are the primary cause f extinctin.通常情况下，人类是物种灭绝的主要原因。(3)当as is/was the case后面接介词with时，通常是以“as is/was(ften/always) the case with＋sb./sth.”这一结构出现，表示主句所描述的某种情形适合于这些人或物。(教材例句即如此)(4)as is/was the case后面接介词in时，通常以“as is/was the case in＋某地”的结构出现，表示主句所描述的某种情形适合于某个地方。比如我们常常说“中国的情况往往就是这样”，用英文表达就是as is ften the case in China。
[基础练习]单句语法填空①As was ften the case ________ ther children, Amy was better by the time the dctr arrived.②As was ften ________ case, the girl frgt t bring her dictinary.③He was late fr schl, as was ften the case ________ him.④________ was ften the case with him, he was fined fr speeding.⑤We are nt familiar with different cultures, as is ften the case ________ ther cuntries.⑥As is ften the case ________ life, making smething lk easy is very difficult.
2．主语(表无生命的事物)＋see/find/witness＋宾语 ……经历/发生/见证/目睹了……[教材原句]His vyages pened a new chapter f the Age f Explratin, a perid which witnessed many imprtant gegraphical findings.他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。[句式分析](1)本句中，witness意为“见证，目睹；发生，经历”，从句主语为a perid，表示“这一时期目睹了……”。
(2)witness意为“见证，目睹，发生，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“见证/目睹/发生/经历了某事”。与witness用法相同的动词还有find，see，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。The last ten years have seen great changes in ur city.我们的城市在过去的10年里发生了巨大变化。[基础练习]单句语法填空①The last half f the nineteenth century ________ (witness) the steady imprvement in the means f travel.②The nineteenth century ________ (see) many changes, which prmted the develpment f the sciety.
3．where引导地点状语从句[教材原句]Tday, the USS Arizna lies where it sank: in the middle f the Pacific Ocean.如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置：在太平洋的中央。[句式分析](1)where引导地点状语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。(2)where引导的地点状语从句用法总结：①where在地点状语从句中，除指具体地点外，还可指处境等抽象地点。②有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。Fill in the blanks with the phrases given. Change the frm where (it's) necessary.用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。③地点状语从句一般置于主句之后。
[归纳拓展]与where引导的定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句时，where为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可换为“介词＋which”结构。) where引导状语从句时，where为从属连词。 where引导的地点状语从句用于对主句中的谓语动词进行说明，where前没有表示地点的名词，此时，where不能换为“介词＋which”结构。G back t the cuntry where yu came frm.你从哪个国家来，就回哪个国家去。(where引导定语从句，修饰the cuntry)G back where yu came frm.你从何处来到何处去。(where引导地点状语从句)
[基础练习]单句语法填空①Yung peple tday earn mre and have mre freedm t live ________ they want.②We prefer t camp ________ there is water.③Imprvements will be made _______ necessary.④Keep it ________ yu can see it.⑤I will g n a trip t Hunan, ________ there are a great number f places f interest.⑥Is there a shp arund ____________ I can blw my bike tyres up?⑦Where there is a will, ________ is a way.⑧________ there is life, there is hpe.
where/in which
Ⅰ.短语汉译英1．理顺，整理；把……安排好 ________________2．与……相比 ________________3．挤满……，塞满…… ________________4．把……打包；收拾(行李) ________________5．与……相反 ________________6．与此相反；恰恰相反 ________________7．身穿制服 ________________8．跳入河里 ________________9．冻死 ________________
by/in cmparisn with
be packed with...
n the cntrary
dive int the river
freeze t death/be frzen t death
10．在此期间；与此同时 ________________11．混乱，纷乱 ________________12．流血而死 ________________13．策划阴谋 ________________14．祈祷……；企盼…… ________________15．上白班 ________________16．坚决要求……；坚持说…… ________________17．资金不足 ________________18．惊慌地 ________________
in the meanwhile/meantime
bleed t death
hatch a plt
n the day shift
insist n/upn (ding) sth.
a shrtage f funds
in (a) panic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Abard the plane I was abut t g t the washrm when the plane suddenly shk ________ (vilent)．2．Seeing an eagle diving at him, the little rabbit was ________ (freeze) with great fear.3．The sldier frm the navy, with his leg ________ (bleed), was ________ (drag) behind when he suddenly ________ (sink) dwn n the grund.4．The tw fxes hatched a plt t prevent the hen ________ (hatch) its eggs.5．As a peasant, he ________ (pray) that the rural refrm will g smthly and the agricultural utput will increase dramatically.
6．My husband cnvinced me t visit the neighbur's family, which strengthened the ___________ (harmny) relatinship between the tw families.7．On behalf f his cuntry, he visited the neighburing cuntry, with the bat ________ (lad) with all kinds f things as gifts.8．Tm, an influential figure, ___________ (dismiss) frm his jb last mnth because f a financial matter.9．On that day, the tsunami, _____________ (acknwledge) t be the wrst disaster f the year, struck suddenly, and peple n the shre gt int a panic.10．The minister f educatin insists that teachers _________________ (facilitate) the discussin amng exceptinal students.
acknwledged
(shuld) facilitate
11．When hearing the investment was withdrawn, she shk her head ________ (vilent)．12．The lamb tried t escape by ________ (dive) int a river.13．The lamb stared at its master, ________ (freeze) with hrrr.14．He managed ________ (drag) the camel ut f the sand and dust.15．The gat slwly ________ (bleed) t death.16．He is the man ________ (hatch) the welcme party fr ur new assistant.17．It is plain t see the tw ________ (plt) share certain bvius similarity.18．She watched the shelter cllapse with a ________ (sink) heart.19．The ________ (memry) stands next t the church.20．The ld man spent the whle night ________ (pray) fr his sn wh was in prisn.
Ⅲ.单句写作1．莉莉坐到椅子上休息；相反，露西正忙着收拾行李。 (sink, n the cntrary, pack up)___________________________________________________________2．与上周的会议一样，明天要举行的会议将至少持续三个小时。(as is the case with)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．上周日，我校举行了盛大的运动会开幕式。(无生命名词＋witness，ryal)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lily sank dwn int a chair t rest; Lucy, n the cntrary, was busy packing up.
As is the case with the cnference last week, the ne t be held tmrrw will last at least three hurs.
Last Sunday witnessed the ryal pening ceremny f the sprts meeting in ur schl.
4．在士兵们被冻死的地方立了一座纪念碑。(where引导地点状语从句， be frzen t death, memrial)___________________________________________________________5．当他上夜班时，他总是尽他所能促进同事之间的沟通。(n the night shift, facilitate)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．我深信露西是代表我们学校参加马拉松比赛的合适人选。 (be cnvinced that..., n behalf f)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A memrial was set up where the sldiers were frzen t death.
When he is n the night shift, he always des what he can t facilitate the cmmunicatin between his clleagues.
I am cnvinced that Lucy is the right persn t cmpete in the marathn n behalf f ur schl.
7．所有的老师都认为刘先生是学校里最有影响力的人，坚持选他当校长。(acknwledge sb. as/t be, influential, insist that...)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．考虑到他有可能为公司作出巨大贡献，老板决定不顾他的缺点雇用他。(allw fr, regardless f)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Acknwledging Mr. Liu as/t be the mst influential persn in the schl, all the teachers insisted that he (shuld) be elected t be headmaster.
Allwing fr the pssibility that he might make a great cntributin t the cmpany, the bss decided t emply him regardless f his shrtcmings.
►核心词汇——写其形1．____________ n. 惊恐，恐慌vi. & vt. (panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措2．____________ adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的3．____________ adv. 同时；其间；对比之下4．____________ vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢5．____________ vi. & vt. (sank, sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低6．____________ n. 产量，输出量7．____________ vt. 拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动8．____________ vt. & vi. 装上，装入n. 负载；承载量；大量9．____________ n. 改变，转移；轮班10．____________ adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
►阅读词汇——知其意1．vyage n. ________________vi. ________________2．fleet n. ________________3．navigate vt. ________________vi. ________________4．cmpass n. ________________5．lg n. ________________vi. & vt. ________________
航海日志，正式记录；原木
6．rute n. ________________7．unifrm n. ________________adj. ________________8．chas n. ________________9．navy n. ________________10．infamy n. ________________
路线，路途；途径，渠道
臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶
►拓展词汇——通其变1．bard n．板，板子→________ prep. & adv.在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)2．astnish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→__________ n．[U]惊讶，震惊→__________ adj.令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的3．finance n．金融，财政→________ adj.财政的，金融的，财务的4．cmpare vt.比较→__________ n．对比；比较5．strng adj.强壮的，强健的→________ n．体力，力气；意志力；实力，优点，长处→________ adv.坚定地；强烈地
astnishment
6．shrt adj.矮的；短的；短缺的，不足的→________ v．弄短；把……截短→________ n．不足，短缺7．depart vi. & vt.离开，起程→________ n．离开，起程8．bld n．血，血液→________ vi.(bled, bled)失血，流血→________ adj.流血的；血腥的9．adpt vt.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养→________ n．采用，收养10．insist vi. & vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说→________ n．坚决要求；坚持；固执→________ adj.坚决要求的，坚持的，固执的
►高频短语——记得牢1．________________ 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了2．________________ 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内3．________________ 与……相反4．________________ 满载着……5．________________ 使……接触……；使……暴露于……6．________________ 坚持做某事7．________________ 在……的过程中8．________________ 受……的影响9．________________ 接替某人担任10．____________________________ (在某事上)与某人意见不合
be laded with...
insist n ding sth.
ver the curse f...
be influenced by...
succeed sb. as...
disagree with sb. (n/abut/ver sth.)
11．regardless f ________________12．srt ut ________________13．play an imprtant rle in... ________________14．pay friendly visits t... ________________15．dismiss sth. as... ________________16．put sb. in danger ________________17．bear witness t... ________________18．take an interest in... ________________19．cnsist f ________________
理顺，整理；把……安排好
把某事当成……不予考虑
►典型句式——懂其用1．as is/was the case(with/in...)这是经常的事/通常情况下/……也一样Thse wh make great discveries must ften vercme many challenges alng the way—___________________________________________.凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。2．主语(表无生命的事物)＋see/find/witness＋宾语 ……经历/发生/见证/目睹了……His vyages pened a new chapter f the Age f Explratin, a perid __________________________________________.他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。
as was the case with the explrer Christpher Clumbus
which witnessed many imprtant gegraphical findings
3．where引导地点状语从句Tday, the USS Arizna lies _____________： in the middle f the Pacific Ocean.如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置：在太平洋的中央。
where it sank
►第一版块|重点单词1．breadth n．宽度；广泛 brad adj.宽阔的，广阔的；广泛的 bradly adv.大体上 braden v．变宽；扩大；增长 (1)hair's breadth 一发之差，极细微的距离breadth f visin 远见卓识a tremendus breadth f experience 极其广泛的经验(2)a brad street 宽广的街道brad shulders 宽肩a brad smile/grin 咧嘴笑a brad range f prducts 各种各样的产品(3)bradly speaking 大体上说(4)braden ne's hrizns 拓宽某人的视野
◎单句语法填空①Where will we find smene with her ________ (brad) f experience?②O'Cnnell Bridge in Dublin is famus fr being ________ (brad) than it is lng.③________ (brad) speaking, dn't yu think wmen make better drivers than men?④They are _________ (brad) the bridge t speed up the flw f traffic.
2．cnvince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说 cnvinced adj.确信的，坚信的 cnvincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的(1)cnvince sb. f sth. 使某人相信某事cnvince sb.＋(that)宾语从句 使某人相信……cnvince sb. t d sth. 说服某人做某事cnvince neself f 使自己相信……(2)(be) fully cnvinced＋(that)宾语从句 深信……be/feel firmly cnvinced that... 确信……；笃信……；坚信……(3)cnvincing evidence 有力的证据a cnvincing speech 有说服力的演讲In rder t cnvince us f his hnesty, he gave us several cnvincing cases which culd make us cnvinced f it.为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给了我们几个有说服力的事例，这些事例可以使我们相信他的诚实。
◎单句语法填空①Althugh I sn cnvince him ________ my inncence, I think he still has serius dubts abut my sanity.②It's useless trying t cnvince her ________ she desn't need t lse any weight.③Oscar cnvinced the manager ________ (lk) in the recrd f advance ticket sales.④Althugh the players in ur team are yung, I'm ________ (full) cnvinced they will win tday.⑤Scientists say there is n ________ (cnvince) evidence that pwer lines have anything t d with cancer.
3．harmnius adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的 harmniusly adv.融洽地 harmny n．融洽，和睦(1)harmnius relatins 关系融洽harmnius wrld 和谐世界harmnius sciety 和谐社会(2)in harmny with 与……协调ut f harmny with 与……不协调live tgether in perfect harmny 十分和睦地一起生活scial/racial harmny 社会/种族融洽
◎单句语法填空①There are several ways t create and maintain a _________ (harmny) drmitry life.②Giving a helping hand t thse wh are desperate fr help can make ur sciety ______________ (harmnius)．③The nly way fr us t survive is t live in harmny ________ nature.
mre harmnius
4．dismiss vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散 (1)dismiss sth. frm ne's mind 拒绝考虑某事dismiss sth./sb. as... 把某事/某人当作……不予理会dismiss sb. frm sth. 把某人从……(职位)解雇(2)be dismissed frm schl 被学校开除be dismissed frm the firm 被公司开除be dismissed frm his jb 被免职dismiss the class 下课[名师点津]在日常英式英语中，说“开除”人们一般用sack，在日常美式英语中一般用fire，而不用dismiss。
◎单句语法填空①I think he ________ (dismiss) me as an idit within five minutes f meeting me.②Just dismiss thse thughts ________ yur mind—they're crazy and nt wrth thinking abut.③With the current ecnmic crisis, he ___________ (dismiss) frm the cmpany fr incmpetence last mnth.
was dismissed
5．prf n．证据，证明 (1)prf f... ……的证据/证明prf f purchase 购物证明cnclusive prf 确凿的证据further prf 进一步的证据scientific prf 科学证据need prf 需要证据withut abslute prf 没有确凿的证据
(2)prvide/give prf 提供证据have sme prf that... 有一些证据……There is prf that... 有证据证明……There is n prf that... 没有证据证明……[学法点拨]-prf作为后缀使用时，意为“防……的；抗……的”。a bulletprf vest防弹背心a waterprf jacket防水夹克衫a willd-prf jacket挡风夹克衫frst-prf pts fr the garden花园里用的防冻花盆
◎单句语法填空①D they have any prf ________ it was Hampsn wh stle the gds?②If anyne needs prf ________ Andrew Davies' genius as a writer, this nvel is it.③There is nw prf ________ giant squid d exist.④They say they have scientific prf ________ the treatment wrks.⑤Everyne has an ability t create prf ________ their talent, knwledge and skills.
6.influential adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的 influence n. & vt.影响(1)an influential figure 有影响力的人物a highly influential bk 十分有影响力的书be influential in... 在……方面有影响力(2)influence sb. t d sth. 影响某人做某事(3)have an influence n 对……有影响have influence ver 支配；控制under the influence f 在……的影响下have a strng influence n sb. 对某人产生强大的影响under sb.'s influence 在某人的影响下
◎单句语法填空①She wanted t wrk fr a bigger and _____________ (influential) newspaper.②Jhnsn was influential in _________ (persuade) the prducers t put mney int the film.③What exactly is the influence f televisin ________ children?④Cnfucius greatly ________ (influence) the develpment f China's culture and educatin.
mre influential
7．insist vi. & vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 insistence n．[U]坚决要求，坚持insist n/upn 坚持/坚称……insist n ding sth. 坚持/执意做某事an insistence n 坚决主张at sb.'s insistence 在某人的坚持下insist that... 执意要求做……；坚称……
[学法点拨](1)insist后面接that宾语从句时，如果表示“坚持或坚决要求”，that从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用 “(shuld＋) d”，被动用“(shuld＋) be dne”，shuld可以省略。He insisted that the prblem (shuld) be discussed at the meeting.他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。(2)insist后面接that宾语从句时，如果表示“坚持说或坚称”，that从句不用虚拟语气。She insisted that the man had stlen her wallet and that he (shuld) be sent t the plice statin.她坚持说那个男子偷了她的钱包，并坚决要求把他送到警察局。
◎单句语法填空①She insisted ________ telling me every single detail f what they did t her in the hspital.②The bss insists that it ________ (be) a very sund investment.③Tm's parents insisted that the teacher _____________ (infrm) them f any prgress Tm made.
(shuld) infrm
8.depart vi. & vt.离开，起程 departure n．离开；起程；出发depart frm New Yrk 从纽约离开depart fr Paris 飞往巴黎depart Lndn 离开伦敦depart ne's jb 离职◎单句语法填空①The flight fr Cambridge will depart ________ Terminal 2.②The train nw ________ (depart) frm Platfrm 13 is the 10：35 t Glasgw.③The passengers wuld be transferred t anther flight t depart ________ Milan later n Mnday.④They had received n news f him since his _________ (depart) frm the island.
9.panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi. & vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措(1)in (a) panic 惊慌地，在惊慌中a mment f panic 一时惊慌get int a panic 陷入恐慌(表动作)panic buying/selling 恐慌性抢购/抛售panic sb. int ding sth. 使某人仓促做某事a panic attack 一阵心慌意乱a panic decisin 慌乱中作出的决定cause panic 引起恐慌(2)Dn't panic! 别慌！There's n panic; we've gt plenty f time.不用着急，我们有的是时间。
◎单句语法填空①Kate was ________ a panic abut her exam, which made her parents wrried.②He gt ________ a panic that he wuld frget his lines n stage.③The bss always ________ (panic) abut the budget every mnth.④Guests ________ (panic) and screamed when the bmb explded.
10.facilitate vt.使便利，促进 facilitatin n．便利；促进，增强 facility n．设施；设备(1)facilitate husewrk 为家务劳动提供便利facilitate ecnmic grwth 促进经济发展facilitate mutual understanding 促进相互理解(2)facilitatin measures 便利措施(3)athletic/cultural facilities 体育/文化设施public facilities 公共设施cmmunicatin facilities 通信设备cmputer facilities 计算机设备
◎单句语法填空①Mdern inventins have greatly ________ (facilitate) husewrk.◎完成句子②新机场将促进旅游业的发展。The new airprt will _____________________________.③计算机可为语言学习带来便利。Cmputers can be used t _______________________.④我们对他们表示欢迎，并将提供一切可能的便利和协助。We welcme them and will ________________________ and assistance.
facilitated
facilitate the develpment f turism
facilitate language learning
prvide all pssible facilitatin
11．available adj.可获得的，可找到的；有空的 availability n．可用或可得到的人/物be/becme available t sb. 对某人来说是可使用的/可获得的be available t d sth. 可供使用做某事be available fr 可用于becme available 可以用/获得make sth. available 使某物可利用/可获得available resurces/facilities 可利用的资源/设施readily available 可以容易得到的
the nly rm available 唯一可用的房间Such infrmatin will be readily available t us.此类信息我们可以轻松获得。There were n tickets available fr the perfrmance n Friday.星期五演出的票买不到了。Will she be available this afternn?今天下午她有空吗？
◎完成句子①Cld drinks will ___________ (可获得) at the Sprts Center.②__________________________ (所有信息在手), they fund the htel in the muntain easily.③In the 1940s, electricity _____________ (可供……使用) peple in almst all areas f the United States.④I wuld have gne t my cusin's birthday party last night, but ______________ (我没空)．
be available
With all the infrmatin available
was available t
I was nt available
12．cmparisn n．对比；比较 cmpare vt.对比；比较 cmparable adj.可比较的(1)make a cmparisn 作比较by/in cmparisn with 与……相比by cmparisn 相比之下(2)cmpare A with B 把A和B作比较cmpare A t B 把A比作Bcmpared t/with... 与……相比(常作状语)(3)beynd cmpare 无与伦比＝beynd cmparisn 无可比拟
◎单句语法填空①T my mind there's n __________ (cmpare) between the tw restaurants.②It is difficult t make ________ cmparisn with her previus bk—they are cmpletely different.③In cmparisn ________ the previus study, the new study expanded research subjects.④________ cmparisn, Americans are ften frank abut displaying bth psitive and negative emtins n the street and in ther public places.⑤________ (cmpare) t when we were at schl, children seem t learn mre interesting things nw.
13.pack vt. & vi.塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾(行李)；打包；包装，包裹 n．包，包裹；小盒，小包(1)pack ne's pack int... 挤进……里面be packed with... 挤满……，塞满……pack sth. away 将某物收拾好(2)a fd pack 食品包tw packs f ckies 两包饼干a pack f writing paper 一盒信纸a pack f dgs 一群狗
◎单句语法填空①Peple packed ________ the square and every street leading t it which was filled as far as I culd see.②On his birthday last week, his rm __________ (pack) with fruit, flwers, and gifts given by his friends.③Once a friend and I packed ________ sme peanut butter and jelly sandwiches fr an uting.④________ (pack) f ice were put n my frehead t keep dwn the fever.
14．cntrary adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的 n. the cntrary相反的事实a cntrary pint f view 相反的观点(be) cntrary t 与……相反cntrary advice/pinins/arguments 完全相反的建议/观点/论点n the cntrary/quite the cntrary 恰恰相反(作状语)t the cntrary 相反的；相反地(相当于形容词或副词，起形容词作用时，作后置定语)cntrary t ppular belief 与普遍的看法相反[学法点拨]cntrary t是形容词短语，在句中常作状语、表语或定语。
◎单句语法填空①Cntrary ________ all ur expectatins, he fund a well-paid jb and a nice girlfriend.②—I thught yu said the film was exciting.—________ the cntrary, I nearly fell asleep half way thrugh it!③Fr a lng time it was thught t be a harmless substance, but we nw have evidence ________ the cntrary.④Their pinin is cntrary ________ mine.⑤Unless there is evidence _____________ (相反的), we have n chice but t believe what the chef has said.
t the cntrary
15．meanwhile adv.同时；其间；对比之下(＝meantime)n.其间，其时 in the meanwhile (n.)/meantime 在此期间；与此同时fr the meanwhile 一会儿，暂时Mther went shpping; meanwhile, I cleaned the huse.妈妈去买东西，与此同时，我打扫房间。Please find a taxi, and in the meanwhile I'll pack sme fd.你去叫辆出租车，趁这工夫我打包点吃的。We need sme new curtains, but these will d fr the meanwhile.我们需要一些新的窗帘，但这些暂时还可以用。
◎完成句子①I hpe t g t medical schl eventually. _____________________ (在此期间), I am ging t study chemistry.②The dctr will see yu again next week. _______________________ (在此期间), yu must rest as much as pssible.③We need sme new curtains, but these will d ________________ (暂时)．
In the meanwhile/meantime
Meanwhile/In the meanwhile
fr the meanwhile
16．drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动；过得很慢 drag sth. ver t 把某物拖到……drag sb. frm 把某人从……拽起来drag neself ut f bed 费力地起床drag sb. all this way 拽着某人走/跑了一路can't/culdn't drag myself away 舍不得自己离开drag yur feet/heels 故意拖拉；故意延迟(作出决定)
◎单句语法填空①Pick the chair up instead f ________ (drag) it behind yu!②She ________ (drag) the cane dwn t the water.③The first half f the mvie was interesting but the secnd half ________ (drag) n.④I dragged my chair ver ________ the windw.⑤I managed t drag ________ (me) ut f bed.⑥I'm srry t drag yu ________ this way in the heat.
17.sink vi. & vt.(sank, sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 sinking n．沉没 adj.下沉的(1)sink t the bttm f 沉到……的底部sink behind 落到……后面sink like a stne 折戟沉沙；立即沉没(2)sink int a chair 颓然倒在椅子里sink t the flr 倒在地板上sink dwn 沉落sink in thught 陷入沉思sink int pverty 陷入贫困中[名师点津]sink可以表示具体的“沉没”，也可以表示抽象的“(情绪)低落”
◎单句语法填空①She let ut a sigh and ________ (sink) int a chair, nt knwing what t d.②My father's ship ________ (sink) in Wrld War Ⅱ， which was a great lss.③The Titanic was a cruise ship which sank ________ the bttm f the cean in 1912.④The legs f the garden chair sank ________ the sft grund.⑤It is clear that huse prices have ________ (sink) t a new lw.
18．pray vi. & vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告 prayer n．祈祷；祈祷的内容，祈祷文(1)pray fr... 祈祷……；企盼……pray t 向……祈祷pray t d sth. 祈求做某事pray fr peace 祈求和平pray t be frgiven 祈求得到宽恕pray that... 祈祷……(2)say/give ne's prayers 祷告kneel in prayer 跪下祈祷
◎单句语法填空①He spent his time in prisn ________ (pray) and studying.②I'm just praying ________ smebdy in Cngress will d smething befre it's t late.③During the Spring Festival, sme peple wuld visit temples t pray ________ happiness, wealth and health.
19．refrm vt.改进，改良，改革；悔改 n．改革，改良 need t be refrmed 需要进行改革refrm and pening-up 改革开放the pace f refrm 改革的步伐the supply-side structural refrm 供给侧结构改革supprt the refrm f 支持……的改革a majr refrm 重大的改革refrms in educatin 教育改革refrm an unfair system 改革不公正的制度
◎单句语法填空①Fr years I was an alchlic, but I ________ (refrm) when the dctrs gave me six mnths t live.②The gvernment is in the prcess f ________ (refrm) the benefits system.③In my pinin, sme ________ (refrm) f the system are necessary.
20.shift n．改变，转移；轮班 vi. & vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变 (1)a shift in sth. 某方面的转变a shift f emphasis 重点的转移be n the day/night shift at the factry 在工厂上白班/夜班wrk an eight-hur shift 按每班八小时轮班工作(2) 把……从……移动/搬到……shift ne's grund 改变某人的立场
◎单句语法填空①There has been ________ dramatic shift in public pinin twards peaceful negtiatins.②Sciety's attitudes twards wmen _________ (shift) enrmusly ver the last century.③Tm's parents hped ________ (shift) his attentin away frm cmputer games.④Je listened, ________ (shift) uncmfrtably frm ne ft t anther.
have shifted
►第二版块|重点短语1．allw fr使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内(1)allw fr yur age 考虑到你的年龄allw fr human errr 考虑到人为失误allw fr this reasn 考虑到这个原因(2)allw sb./sth. t d sth. 允许某人/某物做某事allw ding sth. 允许做某事Our English teacher allws fr different kinds f interactins in class.我们的英语老师允许课堂上有各种各样的互动。◎单句语法填空①We have t allw ________ the pssibility that we might nt finish this prject n schedule.②Yu shuld allw fr the plane ____________ (delay)．③________ (allw) fr the bad weather, we shuld set ff right nw.
being delayed
2.n behalf f代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了n/in behalf f sb.(＝n/in sb.'s behalf) 代替/代表某人；为了某人stand fr 代表，象征(作谓语)◎单句语法填空①On behalf ________ ur schl, I wuld like t express ur warm welcme t yu.②Ann asked the dctr t speak t her parents ________ her behalf.③Jack thanked them ________ yur behalf.
3.srt ut理顺，整理；把……安排好；分类，挑出(1)srt ut the emails 整理电子邮件srt ut the papers t be thrwn away 把要扔掉的文件挑出来srt ut the prblems 解决问题srt sth. ut (frm...) (从……中)区分出来/辨别出来 size 把……按大小分类 piles 把……分成几堆(2)a srt f 一种all srts/kinds f 各种各样的(名词前)f all srts 各种各样的(名词后)this/that srt f 这/那种(名词前)f this/that srt 这/那种(名词后)
◎单句语法填空①He decided t srt ________ her life fr her, but she refused him.②Rubbish can easily be separated and srted ________ plastics, glass and paper.③She spent an afternn ________ (srt) ut her cins and stamps.④The eggs are srted ________ size.⑤After supper, we wuld play card games f all ________ (srt) in the sitting rm.⑥He was a pet ________ a srt.⑦Plants ________ this srt dn't grw n this island.◎完成句子⑧这价格比我预料的稍高一些。The price was _____________ higher than I'd expected.
srt f/kind f
►第三版块|典型句式1．as is/was the case (with/in...)这是经常的事/通常情况下/……也一样[教材原句]Thse wh make great discveries must ften vercme many challenges alng the way—as was the case with the explrer Christpher Clumbus.凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。[句式分析](1)该句型的基本含义是“这是常见的情形”或“情况往往如此”等，as is the case还经常与ften, always等词搭配使用。该句型作为从句使用时，一般位于句首，其后再接一个陈述句，用于具体描述某个情形。它既可以单独使用，也可以在后面接介词with/in。
(2)as is/was the case单独使用时，其含义为“通常情况下，一如既往地”。As is ften the case, humans are the primary cause f extinctin.通常情况下，人类是物种灭绝的主要原因。(3)当as is/was the case后面接介词with时，通常是以“as is/was(ften/always) the case with＋sb./sth.”这一结构出现，表示主句所描述的某种情形适合于这些人或物。(教材例句即如此)(4)as is/was the case后面接介词in时，通常以“as is/was the case in＋某地”的结构出现，表示主句所描述的某种情形适合于某个地方。比如我们常常说“中国的情况往往就是这样”，用英文表达就是as is ften the case in China。
[基础练习]单句语法填空①As was ften the case ________ ther children, Amy was better by the time the dctr arrived.②As was ften ________ case, the girl frgt t bring her dictinary.③He was late fr schl, as was ften the case ________ him.④________ was ften the case with him, he was fined fr speeding.⑤We are nt familiar with different cultures, as is ften the case ________ ther cuntries.⑥As is ften the case ________ life, making smething lk easy is very difficult.
2．主语(表无生命的事物)＋see/find/witness＋宾语 ……经历/发生/见证/目睹了……[教材原句]His vyages pened a new chapter f the Age f Explratin, a perid which witnessed many imprtant gegraphical findings.他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。[句式分析](1)本句中，witness意为“见证，目睹；发生，经历”，从句主语为a perid，表示“这一时期目睹了……”。
(2)witness意为“见证，目睹，发生，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“见证/目睹/发生/经历了某事”。与witness用法相同的动词还有find，see，say，experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。The last ten years have seen great changes in ur city.我们的城市在过去的10年里发生了巨大变化。[基础练习]单句语法填空①The last half f the nineteenth century ________ (witness) the steady imprvement in the means f travel.②The nineteenth century ________ (see) many changes, which prmted the develpment f the sciety.
3．where引导地点状语从句[教材原句]Tday, the USS Arizna lies where it sank: in the middle f the Pacific Ocean.如今，美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰还位于当年沉船的位置：在太平洋的中央。[句式分析](1)where引导地点状语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。(2)where引导的地点状语从句用法总结：①where在地点状语从句中，除指具体地点外，还可指处境等抽象地点。②有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。Fill in the blanks with the phrases given. Change the frm where (it's) necessary.用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。③地点状语从句一般置于主句之后。
[归纳拓展]与where引导的定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句时，where为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where可换为“介词＋which”结构。) where引导状语从句时，where为从属连词。 where引导的地点状语从句用于对主句中的谓语动词进行说明，where前没有表示地点的名词，此时，where不能换为“介词＋which”结构。G back t the cuntry where yu came frm.你从哪个国家来，就回哪个国家去。(where引导定语从句，修饰the cuntry)G back where yu came frm.你从何处来到何处去。(where引导地点状语从句)
[基础练习]单句语法填空①Yung peple tday earn mre and have mre freedm t live ________ they want.②We prefer t camp ________ there is water.③Imprvements will be made _______ necessary.④Keep it ________ yu can see it.⑤I will g n a trip t Hunan, ________ there are a great number f places f interest.⑥Is there a shp arund ____________ I can blw my bike tyres up?⑦Where there is a will, ________ is a way.⑧________ there is life, there is hpe.
where/in which
Ⅰ.短语汉译英1．理顺，整理；把……安排好 ________________2．与……相比 ________________3．挤满……，塞满…… ________________4．把……打包；收拾(行李) ________________5．与……相反 ________________6．与此相反；恰恰相反 ________________7．身穿制服 ________________8．跳入河里 ________________9．冻死 ________________
by/in cmparisn with
be packed with...
n the cntrary
dive int the river
freeze t death/be frzen t death
10．在此期间；与此同时 ________________11．混乱，纷乱 ________________12．流血而死 ________________13．策划阴谋 ________________14．祈祷……；企盼…… ________________15．上白班 ________________16．坚决要求……；坚持说…… ________________17．资金不足 ________________18．惊慌地 ________________
in the meanwhile/meantime
bleed t death
hatch a plt
n the day shift
insist n/upn (ding) sth.
a shrtage f funds
in (a) panic
Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Abard the plane I was abut t g t the washrm when the plane suddenly shk ________ (vilent)．2．Seeing an eagle diving at him, the little rabbit was ________ (freeze) with great fear.3．The sldier frm the navy, with his leg ________ (bleed), was ________ (drag) behind when he suddenly ________ (sink) dwn n the grund.4．The tw fxes hatched a plt t prevent the hen ________ (hatch) its eggs.5．As a peasant, he ________ (pray) that the rural refrm will g smthly and the agricultural utput will increase dramatically.
6．My husband cnvinced me t visit the neighbur's family, which strengthened the ___________ (harmny) relatinship between the tw families.7．On behalf f his cuntry, he visited the neighburing cuntry, with the bat ________ (lad) with all kinds f things as gifts.8．Tm, an influential figure, ___________ (dismiss) frm his jb last mnth because f a financial matter.9．On that day, the tsunami, _____________ (acknwledge) t be the wrst disaster f the year, struck suddenly, and peple n the shre gt int a panic.10．The minister f educatin insists that teachers _________________ (facilitate) the discussin amng exceptinal students.
acknwledged
(shuld) facilitate
11．When hearing the investment was withdrawn, she shk her head ________ (vilent)．12．The lamb tried t escape by ________ (dive) int a river.13．The lamb stared at its master, ________ (freeze) with hrrr.14．He managed ________ (drag) the camel ut f the sand and dust.15．The gat slwly ________ (bleed) t death.16．He is the man ________ (hatch) the welcme party fr ur new assistant.17．It is plain t see the tw ________ (plt) share certain bvius similarity.18．She watched the shelter cllapse with a ________ (sink) heart.19．The ________ (memry) stands next t the church.20．The ld man spent the whle night ________ (pray) fr his sn wh was in prisn.
Ⅲ.单句写作1．莉莉坐到椅子上休息；相反，露西正忙着收拾行李。 (sink, n the cntrary, pack up)___________________________________________________________2．与上周的会议一样，明天要举行的会议将至少持续三个小时。(as is the case with)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．上周日，我校举行了盛大的运动会开幕式。(无生命名词＋witness，ryal)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lily sank dwn int a chair t rest; Lucy, n the cntrary, was busy packing up.
As is the case with the cnference last week, the ne t be held tmrrw will last at least three hurs.
Last Sunday witnessed the ryal pening ceremny f the sprts meeting in ur schl.
4．在士兵们被冻死的地方立了一座纪念碑。(where引导地点状语从句， be frzen t death, memrial)___________________________________________________________5．当他上夜班时，他总是尽他所能促进同事之间的沟通。(n the night shift, facilitate)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．我深信露西是代表我们学校参加马拉松比赛的合适人选。 (be cnvinced that..., n behalf f)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A memrial was set up where the sldiers were frzen t death.
When he is n the night shift, he always des what he can t facilitate the cmmunicatin between his clleagues.
I am cnvinced that Lucy is the right persn t cmpete in the marathn n behalf f ur schl.
7．所有的老师都认为刘先生是学校里最有影响力的人，坚持选他当校长。(acknwledge sb. as/t be, influential, insist that...)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．考虑到他有可能为公司作出巨大贡献，老板决定不顾他的缺点雇用他。(allw fr, regardless f)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Acknwledging Mr. Liu as/t be the mst influential persn in the schl, all the teachers insisted that he (shuld) be elected t be headmaster.
Allwing fr the pssibility that he might make a great cntributin t the cmpany, the bss decided t emply him regardless f his shrtcmings.
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