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高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 3 Getting to the Top教学演示ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Lesson 3 Getting to the Top教学演示ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了学习目标，双基夯实·课前排查，核心突破·要点讲解，开放课堂·自修自读，夯实基础·一遍落实等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Part Ⅳ Lesson 3 Getting to the Top
双基夯实·课前排查
核心突破·要点讲解
夯实基础·一遍落实
开放课堂·自修自读
【学习目标】
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________________ adj. 正常的，平常的2．________________ adj. 平庸的，普通的；平均的 n. 平均水平；平均数3．________________ adj. 杰出的，优秀的4．________________ adj. 受伤的5．________________ n. 舞台；月台6．________________ adj. & adv. 分开；散开7．________________ n. 长度
normal
average
outstanding
injured
platform
apart
length
8．________________ adj. 巨大的，庞大的9．________________ vi.& vt. (使)沸腾，煮沸10．________________ vt. 租用11．________________ adj. 无数的，数不尽的12．________________ n. 基本部分；要素13．________________ vt. 不做(本来应该做的事)；蹦跳着走14．________________ vt. 糟蹋；毁坏15．________________ adj. 学术的16．________________ n. 条目
enormous
boil
hire
countless
element
skip
ruin
academic
entry
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．After that accident, he should be able to lead a perfectly ________ (正常的) life.2．What is the ________(平均的) temperature in her hometown?3．The boy who won the scholarship was a quite__________(杰出的) student.4．Ambulances took the ________(受伤的) to a nearby hospital.5．The train now standing at ________ (站台) 2 is for Leeds.6．The Yangtze River is about 6,300 km in ________ (长度)．7．The water was bubbling and ________(沸腾) away.8．Long long ago, ________(庞大的) animals lived on Earth.
normal
average
outstanding
injured
platform
length
boiling
enormous
9．What could you do for our company if I h________ you?10．The new treatment could save the lives of c________ people.11．Physical fitness has now become an important e________ in our life.12．She often s________ breakfast altogether, which is bad for her health.13．My new shoes got r________ in the mud.14．If the International Student Centre is not an a________ department, what does it do?15．Because there are several files, you need an e________ for each one.
hire
countless
element
skips
ruined
academic
entry
Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语1．突出；出色 ________________2．愿意做某事 ________________3．致力于 ________________4．除……之外 ________________5．致力于，专注于 ________________6．独立地，独自地 ________________7．待在家里 ________________8．与生俱来 ________________
stand out
be willing to do sth.
be committed to
apart from
apply oneself to
on one's own
stay in
be born with
9．要点是，归结为 ________________10．为了 ________________11．忙于做某事 ________________12．与……分享 ________________13．处于……危险之中 ________________14．不再 ________________15．被留给，剩有 ________________16．放弃 ________________17．把某人推到极限 ________________
boil down to sth.
in order to
be busy doing sth.
share...with...
in danger of
no longer
be left with
give up
push sb. to the limits
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词1.ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭；使破产 n．[C](ruins)废墟；遗迹 [U]破坏；毁坏；毁灭(教材P36)As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日派对、破坏家庭旅行、放弃晚上外出，但我有一个合理的理由去放弃这么多事情。lie/be in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪bring... to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落fall into ruin 衰落；败落
❶It rained for weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.雨连续下了几个星期，完全毁了我们的假期。❷Alcohol and drugs almost ruined his health and fame.酒精和毒品几乎毁了他的健康和名声。❸In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市沦为一片废墟。❹Hurricane Sandy has almost brought the crops to ruin.飓风“桑迪”几乎把庄稼全毁了。❺After a fierce battle，the city has fallen into ruin. 一场激烈的战争过后，这座城市衰落了。
易混辨析：damage，destroy和ruin的用法区别(1)damage指价值降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部毁坏，损坏了还可以修复The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。(2)destroy指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。(3)ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般意义的“弄坏了”She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
语境串记：After the collision, he examined the considerable damage to his car. Fortunately it was not completely ruined/destroyed.撞车之后，他检查了受损严重的车。所幸的是车还没完全报废/毁掉。
[即学即练] 1．单句语法填空①Years of fighting have left the area in ________(ruin)．②At 12, he got a serious illness which ________(ruin) his health.③The castle now lies ________ ruins.④A large number of churches fell ________ ruin after the revolution.2．用ruin, damage或destroy的正确形式填空。⑤The bridge was completely ________ by the explosion.⑥Wind and sand have ______________ the old castle.⑦His car got ________ in the accident but it can still be used.
ruins
ruined
in
into
destroyed
ruined/destroyed
damaged
2.defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的(教材P36)I could have become angry or defensive.我本可以愤怒或辩解一下。(1)defend v. 防御；保卫；为……辩护，辩解defend against 防御defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护defend sb. against/from... 保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护(2)defence n. 保护；保卫；辩护；后卫come to sb.'s defence 为某人辩护in sb.'s defence 为某人辩护in defence of... 为……辩解/辩护
❶Don't get defensive，Charlie. I was only joking.别这么大戒心，查利。我只不过是开开玩笑。❷It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.防御全面进攻是不可能的。❸He realised none of his schoolmates would come to his defence.他意识到没有一个同学愿意挺身而出为他辩护。❹He has mentioned the name of Martin Luther King in defence of his actions.他提出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。
知识拓展：Put up a strong defence works against the enemy's invasion.为抵御敌人的侵略布置坚固的防御工事。defend oneself in court在法庭自我辩护a witness for the defence被告的证人reduce the expense on defence减少国防开支defend sb. in court.在法庭为某人辩护
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①All our officers are trained to defend themselves ________ knife attacks.②Like their children, parents are often ________ (defence) about their private lives.
against/from 句意为：我们所有的官员都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。defend...against/from...为固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”。
defensive 句意为：就像子女一样，父母也常常很注重对自己私生活的保护。此处在句中作表语，应用形容词。
③We must see that there is no gap in our ________ (defend)．④What talking points can be raised ________ defence of this argument?
defence 句意为：我们必须确保我们的防御没有漏洞。
in 句意为：能够提出什么论据来为这个论点辩护呢？in defence of为固定搭配，意为“为……辩解/辩护”。
3.countless adj.无数的，数不尽的(教材P36)I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed...我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚……count v. 数数；重要；认为count on/upon 指望；依靠count... in 把……计算在内count up to... 数到……count sb./sth. as 把某人/某物看作
❶It has saved my life, and the lives of countless others.它救了我的命，也救了无数其他人的命。❷We counted the passengers, and found that two were missing.我们数了乘客人数，发现少了两个人。❸Do not be fooled by its commonplace appearance. Like so many things, it is not what is outside, but what is inside that counts.不要被它普通的外表蒙蔽。像许多事物一样，重要的不是外在，而是内在。❹It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.重要的不是这个故事本身，而是这个故事所反映出的问题。
❺Yes, unlikely friendships start up every day. No one understands this more than the lonely. In fact, it's what they count on.的确，不太可能的友谊每天都在发生，没有人能比孤独寂寞的人更了解这一点。事实上，不太可能发生的友谊就是他们的指望。❻Mark，can we count you in for the cricket team?马克，我们能把你算作板球队的一员吗？❼The little boy can count up to 100.那个小男孩可以数到100。❽I count him as my closest friend.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友。
词汇知识：-ive后缀，主要表示两种词性：(1)表示形容词“……的”。如：active adj.活跃的；积极的；creative adj.创造性的，有创意的；agrressive adj.挑衅的；comprehensive adj.全面的；defensive adj.自卫的；effective adj.有效果的；expensive adj.昂贵的；defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的(2)表示名词“……人/物”如：native n．本地人；captive n．俘虏；fugitive n．逃亡者；detective n．侦探；representative n．代表；locomotive n．火车头
词汇知识：以-less后缀构成的形容词homeless adj.无家可归的useless adj.无用的colourless adj.无色的hopeless adj.无希望的waterless adj.无水的rootless adj.无根的jobless adj.无职业的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that ________ (count)．②She can always be counted ________ for support.③She added, “You can count me ________， I guess.”
counts 强调句型中强调主语the courage，故谓语动词应用单数。
on/upon 考查固定短语count on/upon，意为“指望；依靠”。
in 考查固定短语count sb. in，意为“把某人计算在内”。
④I spent ________ (count) hours on trains and buses.⑤That was the likeliest outcome and, on balance, it would be counted ________ a success.⑥不要在蛋孵化前先数小鸡(不要过早打如意算盘)。Don't ________ your chickens before they are hatched.
countless 名词hours前应用形容词修饰，再由句意可知填countless，意为“数不清的；无数的”。
as 考查固定短语count sb./sth. as，意为“把某人/某物看作”。
count 此句为谚语。
⑦那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。That was the first time Dad ________________ me in a moment of emergency.⑧那个经理需要一个可以指望的助手，能够在他不在时处理问题。The manager needs an assistant _______________________ to take care of problems in his absence.
had counted on/upon 考查时态和固定短语，count on/upon意为“指望；依靠”，That was the frst time...后的从句中谓语用过去完成时。
who/that he can count on/upon
4.length n．[C]游泳池长度；[C，U]长度，时间的长短 lengthen v．(使)变长(教材P36)．..I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games...……十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回……in length 在长度上at length 最后；详尽地，长时间
❶I always had the feeling that she was keeping me at arm's length.我一直感觉她在跟我保持一定距离。❷The biggest dolphin can measure four metres in length but common dolphins are usually less than two metres long.最大的海豚体长可达四米，但普通海豚体长通常不到两米。❸At length, the day came on which we were to leave.终于到了我们要走的那一天。❹We have already discussed this matter at length.我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题。
与“long length lengthen”变形相似的还有：wide adj.宽的→width n．宽度→widen v．变宽deep adj.深的→depth n．深(度)→deepen v．加强strong adj.强壮的→strength n．力量→strengthen v．加强broad adj.宽阔的→breadth n．宽度→broaden v．变宽 名词后缀-th联想：width宽度；depth深度；strength强度；warmth温暖；growth生长；health健康；truth真理；实情；wealth财富；south南；north北；fourth第四；twentieth第二十；twelfth第十二；thousandth第一千
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The selfie stick(自拍杆) is a hand-held pole which allows users to take a photo of themselves from greater than arm's ________ (long)．②If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing ________(deep) and variety.③The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, ___________(strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist.④公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。____________， the bus arrived forty minutes late.⑤这房间长15英尺，宽10英尺。The room is 15 feet ____________ and 10 feet ____________.
length
depth
strengthened
At length
in length
in width
5.average adj.普通的；平均的；正常的 n．[C，U]平均数；平均水平，一般水准(教材P37)In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means getting injured，“I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.”用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”average link-v. 平均为；vt. 算出……的平均数an average of... 平均为……on average 平均来看above/below average 高于/低于平均水平
❶An average student can be excellent by hard work.通过刻苦学习，一名普通的学生也可以变得优秀。❷As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。❸Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people.对大多数人来说，一周工作四十小时是相当正常的。❹The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time.这些船只平均每次在海上待10天。
❺How many cupcakes does your shop sell daily on average?你店里平均每天卖出多少个纸杯蛋糕？❻His grade is above average in the class.他的成绩在班里中等以上。❼The rainfall there averages 300mm a year.那里的年平均降雨量为三百毫米。
教师提醒：(1)在询问某人国家或地区人口多少的时候，用“What is the population of...？”而不是“how many/much is the population of...？”(2)在形容一个国家人口多少的时候，要用large或small，而不能用many或者few。如：Guangdong Province has the largest population in China.广东省的人口在中国最多。(3)当population作主语时，通常谓语用单位形式。但当population受其表语或其分数或百分数影响，要考虑其谓语动词可能转化为复数形式。如：35% of the population of the class are girls.这个班的百分之三十五是女生。Half of the population in China live in the countryside.在中国一半的人生活在农村。
[即学即练] 1．判断下列句子中average的词性及含义①An average adult man burns 1,500 to 2,000 calories per day.____________②Mr Smith's salary is below average in his company, which makes him upset.____________③The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging about 12 metres.____________2．用average的相关短语完成句子④Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ______________.⑤The person who works with a messy(凌乱的)desk spends, ____________，one and a half hours per day in looking for things.
adj.普通的
n.平均水平
linkv.平均为
above average
on average
6.normal adj.正常的，一般的；精神正常的，意识健全的 n．[U]一般水平，常态(教材P37)It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但平衡、寻常这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。It is normal (for sb./sth.)to do sth. (对某人/某物而言)做某事是正常的。under normal circumstances 一般情况下above/below normal 通常标准之上/之下bring... back to normal 使……恢复正常return to normal 恢复正常
❶It is normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。❷Under normal circumstances，I go to sleep at 10 p．m.一般情况下，我晚上10点睡觉。❸The rainfall is below normal for this time of year.一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。❹It took us a lot of time to bring everything back to normal after the earthquake.地震后，我们花了很长时间让一切恢复正常。
辨析比较：normal/ordinary/common/usualAs usual, I got up at 7 a．m. and another ordinary day began. I had to go to work. It was common that the bus was crowded and no wonder many people went to work by electric motorcycle.像往常一样，我早上7点起床，又一个平常的日子开始了。我必须去上班。公共汽车通常很拥挤，难怪许多人骑电动摩托车去上班。
[即学即练] 完成句子/选词填空(common/usual/normal/ordinary)①When I took his temperature，it was 2℃ ____________(通常标准之上)．②The government has taken some measures to reconstruct the earthquake-hit areas，but it will be some time before they ______________(恢复正常)．③Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a ________ teenage life.④________ soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.⑤Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a ________ spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.⑥Despite the heavy snow yesterday, everybody in the company went about their daily tasks as ________.
above normal
return to normal
normal
Ordinary
common
usual
7.rank (1)vt. & vi.把……分等级，属于某等级；vt.排列，使排成行(2)n.[U，C](尤指较高的)地位，级别；军阶，军衔；[sing.]等级；[C](警察，士兵等的)队列，行列(教材P39)Then rank your choices from 1 (most important) to 4 (least important)．然后把你的选择从1(最重要)到4(最不重要)进行排列。rank...as... 把……视为……top-ranked players 一流的选手people of high social rank 社会地位高的人a painter of the first rank 一流的画家
❶At the height of her career she (was) ranked second in the world.在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。❷Critics rank him as a first-class painter.批评家们把他视为一流画家。❸Cups were ranked neatly on the shelf.杯子整齐地排列在架子上。❹He is an officer of senior rank.他是个有高级军阶的军官。❺This country is no longer in the front rank of world powers.这个国家再也不是位于前列的世界强国。❻She was not used to associating with people of high social rank.她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。❼They watched as ranks of marching soldiers passed the window.他们看着士兵列队从窗前走过。
“把……视为……”短语rank...as...把……视为……regard...as...把……视为……think of...as...把……看作……consider...as...把……看作……treat...as...把……当作……count...as...把……看作……take...as...把……当作……think...(to be)．..认为……是……
[即学即练] 单句写作①这个地区的风景在我国名列前茅。___________________________________________________________②他被视为当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。___________________________________________________________③这个男孩决心要成为像袁隆平那样的一流科学家。___________________________________________________________④上学期她在网球比赛中名列第一。___________________________________________________________
The scenery in this area ranks among the best in my country.
He is ranked as one of the greatest pianists today.
The boy determined to become a scientist of the first rank like Yuan Longping.
She (was) ranked first in the tennis competition last term.
►第二版块：重点短语1.boil down to(局势、问题等)归结为，基本问题是(to是介词)(教材P36)It boils down to this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。boil sth.down (to sth.) 概括，归纳，压缩come down to sth. 可归结为，可归纳为
❶In the end, what it all boils down to is time，or the lack of it.问题的症结是时间，或者是缺乏时间。❷It boils down to a question of priorities.这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。❸The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes.我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。❹What it comes down to is，either I go there alone or you accompany me there.归结起来就是：要么我自己去那里，要么你陪我去。
比较：boiling与boiledWater boils at 100 degrees.水在100度时沸腾。I boilded some water to make tea for our guests.我烧了一些水给客人们泡茶。Everybody can drink boiled water but no one drink boiling water for boiling water may burn your mouth.大家都可以喝开水，但无人敢喝正在沸腾的水，因为沸腾的水会烫嘴的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It boils ________to one question whether you really have full confidence.②It boils down ________ how fast a machine can perform an operation.③Our choices boil down to ________ (stay) here or leaving here.
down 句意：归根结底的问题是，你是否真的充满信心。
to 句意：归结起来就是一个机器完成一个操作能有多快。
staying 句意：我们的选择归结起来就是：留在这里或离开这里。
2.apply oneself to致力于/专心于(to是介词)(教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。(1)apply vi.& vt. 申请；请求vt. 应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作vt. 涂(油漆、乳剂)vi. (对……)适用，有效(2)apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……apply to do sth. 申请做某事apply sth.to... 把某物应用于……be applied to... 被应用于……(to为介词)apply to... 对……适用
❶Every time I see him, he is always applying himself to his work.每次我见到他的时候，他总在全身心地工作。❷Our manager has applied himself to this task with considerable energy.我们经理已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。❸Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。❹I'm applying for a part-time job at a company in my city during the summer vacation.我正在申请我市一家公司的暑期兼职工作。❺He applied to learn composition from the well-known musician.他申请跟这位著名音乐家学习作曲。
❻We should apply new words to spoken and written English.我们应该把新单词应用到英语口语和写作中去。❼The new technology has been applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。❽We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。❾Apply the cream evenly over the skin.将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。⑩ The rule applies to everyone in our school.该规定对我们学校里的所有人都适用。
表示“专心致力于……”的短语归纳：apply oneself to (doing) sth.be intent on (doing) sth.be absorbed in...be engaged in (doing) sth.be buried in...concentrate on doing sth.be involved in...be lost in...
表示“沉迷于……不能自拔”be lost in...(＝lose oneself in...)be addicted to＝addict onself to＝be absorbed in... 词组辨析：apply to适合，适用于…… 向……提出申请apply for申请，要求……apply to后面接间接宾语apply for后面接直接宾语
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中apply的含义/单句语法填空①By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply.____________②He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages.____________③Apply the cream to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming._____________④You can solve any problem if you apply yourself to it._________________⑤We should apply theory ________ practice; otherwise, it is no use.
申请
应用，使用
涂(油漆、乳剂)
努力学习，勤奋工作
to 句意：我们应当把理论运用到实践中去，要不然理论就是无用的。
⑥The person who wants to apply ________ the position will be expected to have a good command of English.⑦If you apply yourself ________ the job in hand, you'll finish it soon.⑧Recently, he has applied himself to ________(do) research and writing papers.
for 句意：想要申请这个职位的人必须精通英语。
to 句意：你如果专注于你正在处理的工作，很快就会完成它。
doing 句意：近来他一直专心于研究和写论文。
3.let alone更不用说(教材P38)If you are not totally committed to your sport and want to lead a normal life, you can never be an outstanding athlete, let alone an Olympic champion.如果你不是全身心地投入到你的运动中，想过普通的生活，你永远不会成为一名出色的运动员，更不用说成为奥运冠军了。let alone 表示“更不用说”，一般用于句中，连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。let/leave sb. alone 不打扰，不惊动let/leave sth. alone 不碰，不变动，不移动
❶There isn't enough room for us, let alone any guests.连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。❷Protecting the environment is a challenge, let alone improving it.保护环境是一项挑战，更别说要改善环境了。❸She asked to be left alone but the press photographers followed her everywhere.她要求别打扰她，但是摄影记者到处都跟着她。❹Leave the cakes alone. They're for the guests.别动那些蛋糕，那是给客人的。
let alone与to say nothing of这两个短语都相当于汉语的“更不用说”。如：She hasn't yet learned how to move her hands, let alone act.她连手应该怎么动还没学会呢，更不用说演戏了。He has no chairs in his room, let alone a sofa.他连椅子都没有，哪里还谈得上沙发呢。Few people like walking in the rain, let alone bicycling in it.很少有人喜欢在雨中走路的，更不用说在雨中骑自行车了。
Insomniacs can't get into sleep even in quiet places, let alone in noisy surroundings.有失眠症的人即使在安静的场所也难以入睡，在嘈杂的环境中就更不用说了。He (a Negro) has on more than one occasion braved lynching and starvation, to say nothing of the ordinary forms of torture.他(一个黑人)曾不止一次勇敢地面对私刑和饥饿，更不提普通的折磨了。注意：let alone后面可连用动词原形、名词、动名词、过去分词、介词短语；to say nothing of后面只能连用名词或动名词，这主要是受介词of的影响。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①With one leg broken in that car accident, he can not walk, let ________ run.②The country does not yet have enough electricity for itself, let alone ________ export.
alone 句意：因为一条腿在事故中受伤，他不能走路，更不用说跑了。
for 句意：这个国家的电量还不够自己用，更别说是出口了。
4．apart from...除……之外(教材P37)If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争对手中脱颖而出。apart from为介词短语，相当于aside from，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。(1)相当于except for，意为“除了……之外(都)；要不是”，强调从整体中除去一部分，该部分要排除在外。(2)相当于in addition to，as well as，意为“除了……之外(还)；此外”，强调除此之外还包括其他部分。
❶I have finished apart from the last question.除了最后一道题，我全做完了。❷Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.他们除了在伦敦有一座房子，在西班牙还有一座乡间别墅。[即学即练] 根据汉语意思完成句子。当时是困难时期，别的且不说，我们财政上就有问题。It was a difficult time. _____________________ everything else, we had financial problems.
Apart from/Aside from
►第三版块：典型句式1．way后接定语从句和“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句(教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。(1)way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况：①当way后面的从句缺少状语时，用that/in which引导；用that引导时，that可以省略。②当way后面的从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that/which(作宾语时关系词可省略，作主语时不可省略)。
(2)way(方式，方法)后接定语还有以下两种形式： 做某事的方法(3)“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句①no matter与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。②whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”③引导让步状语从句时，no matter what/who/when/where/how可分别与whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however互换。
❶The way (that) he explained the question was quite simple.(＝The way in which he explained the question was quite simple.)他解释那个问题的方法很简单。❷The way (that/which) he told us was quite effective.他告诉我们的那个方法很有效。(关系词在从句中作宾语)❸The way that/which was thought up by him was similar to Tom's.他想出的这个方法和汤姆的类似。(关系词在从句中作主语)❹Recycling is one way of protecting/to protect the environment.回收利用是保护环境的一种方法。❺No matter what he did，his parents supported him.不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。
❻No matter how difficult the problem is，we'll overcome it.不管这个问题有多难，我们都会解决。❼Whoever asks him for help，he is always ready to help.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。❽He is a very determined man. Whatever problems he meets, he never gives up.他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。❾Now, the photo is still hanging on the wall of my bedroom. No matter when (＝Whenever) I look at it, I couldn't help thinking of my friend.现在那张照片还挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它，我都禁不住想起我的朋友。
易混比较：no matter what与whatever(1)whatever＝no matter what引导让步状语从句Smoking is harmful, whatever your cigarettes.＝Smoking is harmful no matter what your cigarettes (may be)．不管你抽的烟怎么样，抽烟总是有害的。(2)作连接代词，whatever在句中作定语＝no matter what＋n.如：You are welcome whatever time you come.＝You are welcome no matter what time you come.不管你何时来你都受欢迎。(句中no matter what time＝no matter when)
(3)whatever＝anything that，此时whatever不能用no matter what代替。如：Whatever you do should agree with the regulations.＝Anything that you do should agree with the regulations.你做的一切都应符合规章制度。(4)whenever＝no matter whenwherever＝no matter wherehowever＝no matter howwhoever＝no matter who/anyone whowhichever＝no matter which/any one which
[即学即练] 1．单句语法填空①Most people believe the best way ________ (build) a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.②The way ________ was offered by him to do the experiment was different from the way ________ you carried it out.
to build way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”，故填to build。
that/which；that 第一空用that/which引导定语从句，that/which在从句中作主语；第二空引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，因此此处可用that/in which，也可省略that，但根据语法填空的规则可知，此处应填that。
2．单句写作③我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．用适当的特殊疑问词(＋-ever)填空④No matter ________ difficult it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society.⑤________ problems you may have, you should gather your courage to face them.⑥________ Angela goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
I don't like the way (that) you talk to your mother.或I don't like the way in which you talk to your mother.
how
Whatever
Wherever
4.同义句转换⑦Whenever you come, I will welcome you. →_____________________，I will welcome you.⑧No matter where you go, I'll go with you.→_____________________， I'll go with you.⑨Whatever the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.→_____________________， we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.
No matter when you come
Wherever you go
No matter what the result is
2．that引导宾语从句(教材P36)He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.他担心和我一起训练不再有趣，担心我可能只剩下一枚世界冠军奖牌，且没有人与我分享。(1)that引导宾语从句时，在句中无实际意义，不充当成分，在非正式场合可以省略。
(2)当主句谓语是think，believe，suppose，expect等词，且宾语从句表示否定时，常把否定词转移至主句。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.这个男孩相信他将穿越太空，到达其他星球。I don't think he is going to help you with your English.我认为他不会帮你学英语。特别注意 宾语从句中that不能省略的情况：(1)当句中的动词后接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，但第二个及后面引导宾语从句的that不可省略。❶He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.他说你太年轻，还不懂这件事，而且有人要求他别告诉你。
(2)当主句的谓语与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。❷Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.就在那时，我第一次注意到我们的师傅穿着他那件上好的绿外套，并戴着一顶黑丝帽。
名师点津：否定转移否定转移就是把宾语从句的否定词放在主句谓语中了，但翻译的意思不变。否定转移的三个条件：(1)主语是第一人称(I, we)；(2)主句谓语动词是一般现在时；(3)谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, consider, guess, fancy等表示心理活动的动词。如：①I don't think (that) he will come.我认为他不会来。②I don't believe (that) he will succeed in the exam.我认为他考试不会成功。
③I don't suppose that the housing prices will go up.我认为房价不会上涨了。④I don't imagine that he will come to the party.我认为他不会来参加聚会。(4)这种句型构成反意问句时，附加部分往往与宾语从句中的主谓保持人称和数的一致，而附加问句部分肯定还是否定的选用则与主句相反。如：I don't think she can go with you, can she?我认为她不能同你去，是吗？I think you are going to have a good time in the park, aren't you?我想你们在公园会玩得很愉快的，对吧？
[即学即练] 1．在空白处填入1个适当的单词。①The mother likes saying ________ she has a good daughter.②I was afraid ________ he might fail his exam.
that 句意为：这位母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
that 句意为：我担心他可能无法通过考试。此处引导形容词后的宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
2．仿照例子改写句子。例：It's going to rain soon.(I thought)→I thought (that) it was going to rain soon.③He often helps his classmates with their English.(All of us know)→_________________________________________________________④He is going to start work at once. (The teacher said)→_________________________________________________________⑤Li Lei has just arrived. (I heard)→_________________________________________________________⑥Every step shows in the snow. (He told the students)→_________________________________________________________
All of us know (that) he often helps his classmates with their English.
The teacher said (that) he was going to start work at once.
I heard (that) Li Lei had just arrived.
He told the students (that) every step shows in the snow.
3.in order to do...目的状语(教材P36)I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed, ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in, almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes.我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找一个可以训练的游泳池而破坏了在法国的家庭假日，因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车开过“禁行”区去和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行而差点错过了我哥哥的婚礼。通常用in order to do，so as to do表示强调(尤其是在不定式结构前使用否定词not等词时)。注意：to do，in order to do的位置既可在句首，又可在句中；而so as to do只能在句中。
To build a new house, he bought some wood and steel.＝In order to build a new house, he bought some wood and steel.＝He bought some wood and steel to/in order to/so as to build a new house.为了建造新房，他买来了一些木料和钢材。
知识拓展：(1)in order to do...可以转化为in order that; so as to do...可以转化为so that...如：He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.为了赶早班车，他起得很早。＝He got up early in order that/so that he could catch the early bus.(2)以便让某人做…… ＝in order to let sb. do...或so as to let sb. do...如：My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast in order to/so as to let me go to school on time.＝My mother gets up early every morning in order for me/so as for me to go to school on time.妈妈每天早起做早饭，以便我能按时到校。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子①Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 ________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.②The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________(find) the well-known painter.
to find 句意为：中国的研究者们希望用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究月球南极—艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成use sth to. do...结构，意为“使用某物做……”。故填to find。
to find 句意为：第二天早上，他租了一艘船，出发去寻找这位著名的画家。结合句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to find。
③In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan.___________________________________________________________④We work hard at English so as to have a good command of it.___________________________________________________________
为了确保成功，我们必须要有一个完整且详尽的计划。
为了掌握好英语，我们在学习英语上下苦功夫。
4.强调句式It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(教材P37)If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争者中脱颖而出。用法详解 It is/was... that/who...强调句型(1)强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是”等字眼。其基本结构是：It＋is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他成分。He bought a book in this shop yesterday.他昨天在这家店里买了一本书。→It was he that/who bought a book in this shop yesterday.是他昨天在店里买了一本书。(强调主语he)
→It was a book that he bought in this shop yesterday.他昨天在店里买的是一本书。(强调宾语a book)→It was in this shop that he bought a book yesterday.他昨天是在这家店买了一本书。(强调地点状语in this shop)(2)含有not until...的句子的强调句式：It＋is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他成分。He didn't go home until he finished the task./Not until he finished the task did he go home.→It was not until he finished the task that he went home.直到完成工作他才回家。
特别提醒：①在该强调结构中，It无任何意义，但不可以换成This或者That等。It is/was和that/who为结构词，去掉后剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句的本质区别。②当被强调部分指人时，可以用who(被强调部分作主语或宾语时)或者whom(被强调部分作宾语时)代替that。③原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时，用It was... that...。属于表现在的时态时，用It is... that...。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It is what you do rather than what you say ________ matters.②It is the ability to do the job ________ matters, not where you come from or what you are.③It is Tom ________ is to blame.④It was after he got what he had desired ________ he realised it was not so important.
that 这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters，语义完整。
that 首先判断这是强调句型，强调的是主语the ability to do the job，所以填that。
who/that 该句为强调句，被强调的部分为主语Tom，指人，故填who或者that。
that 该句为强调句，强调时间状语after he got what he had desired。注意这个空不能填when，因为把It was及设空处删掉之后，整个句子成分完整。
⑤It was on a cold winter night ________ Tom was waiting for his friend to see a movie with him ________ the accident occured.⑥It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.⑦It was not until he went to college_____John realised the importance of time.
when that 第一空引导定语从句，先行词为a cold winter night，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导该从句；将句中的It was和第二空去掉后，句子成分完整，故该句为强调句，第二空填that。
when 去掉It was及设空处后，April 29,2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。此处应用when引导时间状语从句。如果April 29,2011前有介词on，那么则是强调句，就可以填that了。
that 考查not until在强调句中的用法。句意为：直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。
开放课堂·自修自读
[词语积累][1]ruin/'ruːɪn/vt.毁坏，破坏，糟蹋[2] skip /skɪp/ vt.不做(应做的事等)，不参加；vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走[3] from across...从……对面[4] be left with被留给，剩有They are left with nothing.什么也没有留给他们。[5] defensive/dɪ'fensɪv/ adj.戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；防御的，保护的，保卫的defend /dɪ'fend/ vt. & vi.防御，保护，保卫；vt.辩解，辩白defense n．[U]防御，保护，保卫；[C，U]防御物，防务，防御能力[6] element /'elɪmənt/n.[C]要素，基本部分，典型部分
[7] intensity /ɪn'tensəti/n.[U, sing.]强烈，紧张，剧烈；[U，C]强度，烈度[8] on a day-to-day/daily basis按每日一次的标准day-to-day adj.按日计划的，逐日的，每天的basis n．[sing.]基准，准则，方式；原因，缘由；[C，usually sing.，U]基础，要素，基点[9] countless /'kaʊntləs/ adj.无数的，数不胜数的，数不尽的(常作前置定语)[10] hire a car租汽车hire /'haɪə(r)/vt.租用，租借[11] triathlete /traɪ'æθliːt/n.[C]铁人三项运动员[12] boil down to sth.归结为，基本问题是
[13] enormous amount of大量的enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/ adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的[14] drive n. [U]冲劲，干劲，精力[15] determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪ'neɪʃn/n.[U]决心，果断，坚定determine vt.决定，决心(做某事)[16] stay in待在室内，不外出[17] get ahead(of sb.)领先，胜过(某人)，走在(某人的)前面[18] length /leŋθ/ n．[C]游泳池长度[19] rugby/'rʌɡbi/n.[U]橄榄球运动[20] roll在此表示“行动，做”。[21] apply oneself to (doing) sth.使自己致力于(做)某事；使(注意力等)专注于(做)某事(to是介词)
[22] set...apart from...使……与众不同，使……突出，使……优于……[23] platform/'plætfɔːm/n.[C]舞台，讲台；站台，月台[24] be committed to＝commit oneself to (doing) sth.使(自己)致力于；使(自己)承诺(与某人的长期关系)[25] injured/'ɪndʒəd/ adj.受伤的，有伤的injure/'ɪndʒə(r)/vt.(尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害(名誉、自尊等)injury/'ɪndʒəri/ n．[C，U](对躯体的)伤害，损伤；[U](对感情的)伤害，挫伤serious injury重伤escape injury险受伤害injury to the head/head injury头部受伤
[26] outstanding /aʊt'stændɪŋ/adj.优秀的，杰出的，出色的；突出的，明显的，重要的outstanding player/achievement/success杰出的运动员/成绩/成就[27] average/'ævərɪdʒ/ adj.普通的，平常的，一般的[28] normal /'nɔːml/ adj.正常的，一般的，典型的
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits? As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin[1] family holidays and skip[2] nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much. “We're worried about you，” said my friend from across[3] the table. He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with[4] only a world championship medal and no one to share it with 【1】．【1】本句为主从复合句。worried后面包含两个that引导的宾语从句。第二个宾语从句中，and连接两个并列成分only...medal和no one...with作being left with 的宾语，其中不定式短语to share it with作后置定语修饰one。
I could have become angry or defensive[5]. Don't they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport 【2】？ Don't they know what it takes to get there? However, deep down I knew elements[6] of what he was saying were right 【3】. I was always tired and every workout had a mental intensity[7] that seemed too much for most to handle. I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.【2】画线部分为how hard引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。it在此为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。【3】画线部分为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis[8]. Who am I doing this for? How much is too much? Why am I doing this? How can I be so selfish? What are the sacrifices for?I think of countless[9] birthday parties and nights out I have missed, ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in 【4】， almost missing my brother's wedding 【5】 because I was too busy hiring a car[10] in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes[11]. The list is endless.【4】画线部分为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰a swimming pool。【5】画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语。miss与其逻辑主语I之间为主谓关系。
It boils down to[12] this: I was born with an enormous amount of[13] drive[14] and determination[15]. From a small girl, I would stay in[16] at lunch time just to get ahead[17] on class work rather than go out and play; I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths[18] of the pool while other kids played pool games; I was the only girl in a rugby[19] club of 250 boys. I have always lived my life to extremes. Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll[20]， no matter what it is I'm applying myself to[21] 【6】．【6】本句为并列复合句。but前的分句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，其对应的主句为祈使句。but后的分句中包含一个no matter what引导的让步状语从句，其对应的主句中I roll为省略了关系副词that的定语从句，修饰先行词way。
Being a professional athlete is no different. If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from[22] your competitors.Can this be overdone? Absolutely. But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform[23]， you had better be totally committed to[24] your sport. In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means getting injured[25] 【7】， “I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding[26] years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average[27].”【7】画线部分为even if引导的让步状语从句。
Doing what we do as athletes 【8】 sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top. It is certainly not a balanced way to live 【9】 and it is certainly not normal[28] but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.【8】画线部分为v.-ing结构作主语，其中what we do为what引导的宾语从句作Doing的宾语，what在该从句中作do的宾语。【9】to live为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词way。
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏阖家度假、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你，”隔着桌子坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗？难道他们不知道到达顶峰需要付出多少吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有一些是对的。我总是疲惫不堪，每次锻炼带来的心理压力似乎对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。这些是我作为一名职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁？太多是多少？我为什么要这样做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为什么？
我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的阖家度假；因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员组团骑行，而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回；橄榄球俱乐部里，有250个男孩，只有我一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。做一名职业运动员也不例外。你如果想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这过分吗？当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台，你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”做运动员让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)1．The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in ________ (学术的)life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源)．2．The stress and ________(强度)of the work left little room for personal grief or anxiety.3．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ________(毁坏)an entire day?4．The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to ________ (不做)eating first.
academic
intensity
ruined
skip
5．Like their parents, children are often ________(戒备的) about their private lives.6．A pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough ________(条目)．7．However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in ________(无数的)ways.8．The next morning he ________ (租用) a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.9．The water is ________ (沸腾) and is too hot. Pour it from one cup to another repeatedly to cool it.
defensive
entries
countless
hired
boiling
10．Vocabulary is the basic ________ (元素) of a language. Thoughts and concepts are expressed through it.11．The loss of glaciers due to global warming represents an ________ (巨大的) threat to the island states in the world.12．The room he has just rented is about 9 metres in ________ (长度) and 3 metres in width.13．Talent shows can provide a ________ (平台) for people who want to stand in the spotlight.
element
enormous
length
platform
Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．The old couple, accustomed to country life, were ________ (willing) to move to the city to live with their son.2．I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project ________ length.3．People's lives can ___________ (lengthen) from limited to unlimited by serving the society.4．The latest survey showed that many graduates ranked computer companies ________ their first choice while hunting for jobs.
unwilling
at
be lengthened
as
5．Usually, it's impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let ________ surf the Internet.6．In the earthquake, the large city lay ________ ruins within terrible 15 seconds.7．If you go on drinking like this, one day your family will ________ (ruin)．8．Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they __________ (skip) breakfast than when they had eaten.
alone
in
be ruined
had skipped
9．She had to choose between giving up her job or ________(hire) a babysitter.10．She runs ________ average about 15 miles a day, whatever the circumstances and whatever the weather.11．Since its introduction, the Beidou navigation system has been applied ________ everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.12．The increase of energy will even make you more willing ________ (exercise), and that will raise your overall energy even more.
hiring
on
to
to exercise
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成句子1．_________________________________________(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法) proves to be practical.(way)2．It is his constant desire to be creative that ______________________________ (使他与绝大多数工程师与众不同)．(set...apart from)3．Over the past years, she ________________________ (致力于研究) ancient Chinese architecture. (apply)4．The issue basically _____________(归结为) how much it costs to develop and maintain the software.5．It remains uncertain when the train service will _____________ (恢复正常)after the strike.6．_______________________________ (无论你喜欢做什么), there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
The way(which/that) I thought of to solve the problem
sets him apart from most engineers
has applied herself to studying
boils down to
return to normal
Whatever/No matter what you like to do
Ⅳ.课文语法填空 I was born with an enormous amount of drive and 1.___________ (determine). From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather 2.________go out and play. I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 3.________ (length) of the pool while other kids played pool games; I was 4.________only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys. I have always lived my life to extremes. I think 5.________ countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed, 6.________ (ruin) a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool 7.________ (train) in, almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas.
determination
than
lengths
the
of
ruining
to train
Being a professional athlete is no 8.________ (difference). Doing what we do as athletes 9.________ (set) us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take 10.________ (we) to the top.
different
sets
us
Part Ⅳ Lesson 3 Getting to the Top
双基夯实·课前排查
核心突破·要点讲解
夯实基础·一遍落实
开放课堂·自修自读
【学习目标】
双基夯实·课前排查
Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________________ adj. 正常的，平常的2．________________ adj. 平庸的，普通的；平均的 n. 平均水平；平均数3．________________ adj. 杰出的，优秀的4．________________ adj. 受伤的5．________________ n. 舞台；月台6．________________ adj. & adv. 分开；散开7．________________ n. 长度
normal
average
outstanding
injured
platform
apart
length
8．________________ adj. 巨大的，庞大的9．________________ vi.& vt. (使)沸腾，煮沸10．________________ vt. 租用11．________________ adj. 无数的，数不尽的12．________________ n. 基本部分；要素13．________________ vt. 不做(本来应该做的事)；蹦跳着走14．________________ vt. 糟蹋；毁坏15．________________ adj. 学术的16．________________ n. 条目
enormous
boil
hire
countless
element
skip
ruin
academic
entry
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．After that accident, he should be able to lead a perfectly ________ (正常的) life.2．What is the ________(平均的) temperature in her hometown?3．The boy who won the scholarship was a quite__________(杰出的) student.4．Ambulances took the ________(受伤的) to a nearby hospital.5．The train now standing at ________ (站台) 2 is for Leeds.6．The Yangtze River is about 6,300 km in ________ (长度)．7．The water was bubbling and ________(沸腾) away.8．Long long ago, ________(庞大的) animals lived on Earth.
normal
average
outstanding
injured
platform
length
boiling
enormous
9．What could you do for our company if I h________ you?10．The new treatment could save the lives of c________ people.11．Physical fitness has now become an important e________ in our life.12．She often s________ breakfast altogether, which is bad for her health.13．My new shoes got r________ in the mud.14．If the International Student Centre is not an a________ department, what does it do?15．Because there are several files, you need an e________ for each one.
hire
countless
element
skips
ruined
academic
entry
Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语1．突出；出色 ________________2．愿意做某事 ________________3．致力于 ________________4．除……之外 ________________5．致力于，专注于 ________________6．独立地，独自地 ________________7．待在家里 ________________8．与生俱来 ________________
stand out
be willing to do sth.
be committed to
apart from
apply oneself to
on one's own
stay in
be born with
9．要点是，归结为 ________________10．为了 ________________11．忙于做某事 ________________12．与……分享 ________________13．处于……危险之中 ________________14．不再 ________________15．被留给，剩有 ________________16．放弃 ________________17．把某人推到极限 ________________
boil down to sth.
in order to
be busy doing sth.
share...with...
in danger of
no longer
be left with
give up
push sb. to the limits
核心突破·要点讲解
►第一版块：重点单词1.ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭；使破产 n．[C](ruins)废墟；遗迹 [U]破坏；毁坏；毁灭(教材P36)As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin family holidays and skip nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日派对、破坏家庭旅行、放弃晚上外出，但我有一个合理的理由去放弃这么多事情。lie/be in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪bring... to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落fall into ruin 衰落；败落
❶It rained for weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.雨连续下了几个星期，完全毁了我们的假期。❷Alcohol and drugs almost ruined his health and fame.酒精和毒品几乎毁了他的健康和名声。❸In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市沦为一片废墟。❹Hurricane Sandy has almost brought the crops to ruin.飓风“桑迪”几乎把庄稼全毁了。❺After a fierce battle，the city has fallen into ruin. 一场激烈的战争过后，这座城市衰落了。
易混辨析：damage，destroy和ruin的用法区别(1)damage指价值降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部毁坏，损坏了还可以修复The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。(2)destroy指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。(3)ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般意义的“弄坏了”She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
语境串记：After the collision, he examined the considerable damage to his car. Fortunately it was not completely ruined/destroyed.撞车之后，他检查了受损严重的车。所幸的是车还没完全报废/毁掉。
[即学即练] 1．单句语法填空①Years of fighting have left the area in ________(ruin)．②At 12, he got a serious illness which ________(ruin) his health.③The castle now lies ________ ruins.④A large number of churches fell ________ ruin after the revolution.2．用ruin, damage或destroy的正确形式填空。⑤The bridge was completely ________ by the explosion.⑥Wind and sand have ______________ the old castle.⑦His car got ________ in the accident but it can still be used.
ruins
ruined
in
into
destroyed
ruined/destroyed
damaged
2.defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的(教材P36)I could have become angry or defensive.我本可以愤怒或辩解一下。(1)defend v. 防御；保卫；为……辩护，辩解defend against 防御defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护defend sb. against/from... 保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护(2)defence n. 保护；保卫；辩护；后卫come to sb.'s defence 为某人辩护in sb.'s defence 为某人辩护in defence of... 为……辩解/辩护
❶Don't get defensive，Charlie. I was only joking.别这么大戒心，查利。我只不过是开开玩笑。❷It is impossible to defend against an all-out attack.防御全面进攻是不可能的。❸He realised none of his schoolmates would come to his defence.他意识到没有一个同学愿意挺身而出为他辩护。❹He has mentioned the name of Martin Luther King in defence of his actions.他提出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。
知识拓展：Put up a strong defence works against the enemy's invasion.为抵御敌人的侵略布置坚固的防御工事。defend oneself in court在法庭自我辩护a witness for the defence被告的证人reduce the expense on defence减少国防开支defend sb. in court.在法庭为某人辩护
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①All our officers are trained to defend themselves ________ knife attacks.②Like their children, parents are often ________ (defence) about their private lives.
against/from 句意为：我们所有的官员都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。defend...against/from...为固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……”。
defensive 句意为：就像子女一样，父母也常常很注重对自己私生活的保护。此处在句中作表语，应用形容词。
③We must see that there is no gap in our ________ (defend)．④What talking points can be raised ________ defence of this argument?
defence 句意为：我们必须确保我们的防御没有漏洞。
in 句意为：能够提出什么论据来为这个论点辩护呢？in defence of为固定搭配，意为“为……辩解/辩护”。
3.countless adj.无数的，数不尽的(教材P36)I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed...我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚……count v. 数数；重要；认为count on/upon 指望；依靠count... in 把……计算在内count up to... 数到……count sb./sth. as 把某人/某物看作
❶It has saved my life, and the lives of countless others.它救了我的命，也救了无数其他人的命。❷We counted the passengers, and found that two were missing.我们数了乘客人数，发现少了两个人。❸Do not be fooled by its commonplace appearance. Like so many things, it is not what is outside, but what is inside that counts.不要被它普通的外表蒙蔽。像许多事物一样，重要的不是外在，而是内在。❹It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.重要的不是这个故事本身，而是这个故事所反映出的问题。
❺Yes, unlikely friendships start up every day. No one understands this more than the lonely. In fact, it's what they count on.的确，不太可能的友谊每天都在发生，没有人能比孤独寂寞的人更了解这一点。事实上，不太可能发生的友谊就是他们的指望。❻Mark，can we count you in for the cricket team?马克，我们能把你算作板球队的一员吗？❼The little boy can count up to 100.那个小男孩可以数到100。❽I count him as my closest friend.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友。
词汇知识：-ive后缀，主要表示两种词性：(1)表示形容词“……的”。如：active adj.活跃的；积极的；creative adj.创造性的，有创意的；agrressive adj.挑衅的；comprehensive adj.全面的；defensive adj.自卫的；effective adj.有效果的；expensive adj.昂贵的；defensive adj.戒备的，自卫的(2)表示名词“……人/物”如：native n．本地人；captive n．俘虏；fugitive n．逃亡者；detective n．侦探；representative n．代表；locomotive n．火车头
词汇知识：以-less后缀构成的形容词homeless adj.无家可归的useless adj.无用的colourless adj.无色的hopeless adj.无希望的waterless adj.无水的rootless adj.无根的jobless adj.无职业的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that ________ (count)．②She can always be counted ________ for support.③She added, “You can count me ________， I guess.”
counts 强调句型中强调主语the courage，故谓语动词应用单数。
on/upon 考查固定短语count on/upon，意为“指望；依靠”。
in 考查固定短语count sb. in，意为“把某人计算在内”。
④I spent ________ (count) hours on trains and buses.⑤That was the likeliest outcome and, on balance, it would be counted ________ a success.⑥不要在蛋孵化前先数小鸡(不要过早打如意算盘)。Don't ________ your chickens before they are hatched.
countless 名词hours前应用形容词修饰，再由句意可知填countless，意为“数不清的；无数的”。
as 考查固定短语count sb./sth. as，意为“把某人/某物看作”。
count 此句为谚语。
⑦那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。That was the first time Dad ________________ me in a moment of emergency.⑧那个经理需要一个可以指望的助手，能够在他不在时处理问题。The manager needs an assistant _______________________ to take care of problems in his absence.
had counted on/upon 考查时态和固定短语，count on/upon意为“指望；依靠”，That was the frst time...后的从句中谓语用过去完成时。
who/that he can count on/upon
4.length n．[C]游泳池长度；[C，U]长度，时间的长短 lengthen v．(使)变长(教材P36)．..I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths of the pool while other kids played pool games...……十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回……in length 在长度上at length 最后；详尽地，长时间
❶I always had the feeling that she was keeping me at arm's length.我一直感觉她在跟我保持一定距离。❷The biggest dolphin can measure four metres in length but common dolphins are usually less than two metres long.最大的海豚体长可达四米，但普通海豚体长通常不到两米。❸At length, the day came on which we were to leave.终于到了我们要走的那一天。❹We have already discussed this matter at length.我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题。
与“long length lengthen”变形相似的还有：wide adj.宽的→width n．宽度→widen v．变宽deep adj.深的→depth n．深(度)→deepen v．加强strong adj.强壮的→strength n．力量→strengthen v．加强broad adj.宽阔的→breadth n．宽度→broaden v．变宽 名词后缀-th联想：width宽度；depth深度；strength强度；warmth温暖；growth生长；health健康；truth真理；实情；wealth财富；south南；north北；fourth第四；twentieth第二十；twelfth第十二；thousandth第一千
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The selfie stick(自拍杆) is a hand-held pole which allows users to take a photo of themselves from greater than arm's ________ (long)．②If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing ________(deep) and variety.③The publication of Great Expectations, which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, ___________(strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist.④公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。____________， the bus arrived forty minutes late.⑤这房间长15英尺，宽10英尺。The room is 15 feet ____________ and 10 feet ____________.
length
depth
strengthened
At length
in length
in width
5.average adj.普通的；平均的；正常的 n．[C，U]平均数；平均水平，一般水准(教材P37)In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means getting injured，“I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average.”用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”average link-v. 平均为；vt. 算出……的平均数an average of... 平均为……on average 平均来看above/below average 高于/低于平均水平
❶An average student can be excellent by hard work.通过刻苦学习，一名普通的学生也可以变得优秀。❷As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老人需要照顾。❸Forty hours is a fairly average working week for most people.对大多数人来说，一周工作四十小时是相当正常的。❹The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time.这些船只平均每次在海上待10天。
❺How many cupcakes does your shop sell daily on average?你店里平均每天卖出多少个纸杯蛋糕？❻His grade is above average in the class.他的成绩在班里中等以上。❼The rainfall there averages 300mm a year.那里的年平均降雨量为三百毫米。
教师提醒：(1)在询问某人国家或地区人口多少的时候，用“What is the population of...？”而不是“how many/much is the population of...？”(2)在形容一个国家人口多少的时候，要用large或small，而不能用many或者few。如：Guangdong Province has the largest population in China.广东省的人口在中国最多。(3)当population作主语时，通常谓语用单位形式。但当population受其表语或其分数或百分数影响，要考虑其谓语动词可能转化为复数形式。如：35% of the population of the class are girls.这个班的百分之三十五是女生。Half of the population in China live in the countryside.在中国一半的人生活在农村。
[即学即练] 1．判断下列句子中average的词性及含义①An average adult man burns 1,500 to 2,000 calories per day.____________②Mr Smith's salary is below average in his company, which makes him upset.____________③The water in the lake is not particularly deep, averaging about 12 metres.____________2．用average的相关短语完成句子④Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ______________.⑤The person who works with a messy(凌乱的)desk spends, ____________，one and a half hours per day in looking for things.
adj.普通的
n.平均水平
linkv.平均为
above average
on average
6.normal adj.正常的，一般的；精神正常的，意识健全的 n．[U]一般水平，常态(教材P37)It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但平衡、寻常这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。It is normal (for sb./sth.)to do sth. (对某人/某物而言)做某事是正常的。under normal circumstances 一般情况下above/below normal 通常标准之上/之下bring... back to normal 使……恢复正常return to normal 恢复正常
❶It is normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样的长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。❷Under normal circumstances，I go to sleep at 10 p．m.一般情况下，我晚上10点睡觉。❸The rainfall is below normal for this time of year.一年中这个时期的降雨量低于正常水平。❹It took us a lot of time to bring everything back to normal after the earthquake.地震后，我们花了很长时间让一切恢复正常。
辨析比较：normal/ordinary/common/usualAs usual, I got up at 7 a．m. and another ordinary day began. I had to go to work. It was common that the bus was crowded and no wonder many people went to work by electric motorcycle.像往常一样，我早上7点起床，又一个平常的日子开始了。我必须去上班。公共汽车通常很拥挤，难怪许多人骑电动摩托车去上班。
[即学即练] 完成句子/选词填空(common/usual/normal/ordinary)①When I took his temperature，it was 2℃ ____________(通常标准之上)．②The government has taken some measures to reconstruct the earthquake-hit areas，but it will be some time before they ______________(恢复正常)．③Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a ________ teenage life.④________ soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.⑤Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a ________ spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.⑥Despite the heavy snow yesterday, everybody in the company went about their daily tasks as ________.
above normal
return to normal
normal
Ordinary
common
usual
7.rank (1)vt. & vi.把……分等级，属于某等级；vt.排列，使排成行(2)n.[U，C](尤指较高的)地位，级别；军阶，军衔；[sing.]等级；[C](警察，士兵等的)队列，行列(教材P39)Then rank your choices from 1 (most important) to 4 (least important)．然后把你的选择从1(最重要)到4(最不重要)进行排列。rank...as... 把……视为……top-ranked players 一流的选手people of high social rank 社会地位高的人a painter of the first rank 一流的画家
❶At the height of her career she (was) ranked second in the world.在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。❷Critics rank him as a first-class painter.批评家们把他视为一流画家。❸Cups were ranked neatly on the shelf.杯子整齐地排列在架子上。❹He is an officer of senior rank.他是个有高级军阶的军官。❺This country is no longer in the front rank of world powers.这个国家再也不是位于前列的世界强国。❻She was not used to associating with people of high social rank.她不习惯和社会地位很高的人交往。❼They watched as ranks of marching soldiers passed the window.他们看着士兵列队从窗前走过。
“把……视为……”短语rank...as...把……视为……regard...as...把……视为……think of...as...把……看作……consider...as...把……看作……treat...as...把……当作……count...as...把……看作……take...as...把……当作……think...(to be)．..认为……是……
[即学即练] 单句写作①这个地区的风景在我国名列前茅。___________________________________________________________②他被视为当代最伟大的钢琴家之一。___________________________________________________________③这个男孩决心要成为像袁隆平那样的一流科学家。___________________________________________________________④上学期她在网球比赛中名列第一。___________________________________________________________
The scenery in this area ranks among the best in my country.
He is ranked as one of the greatest pianists today.
The boy determined to become a scientist of the first rank like Yuan Longping.
She (was) ranked first in the tennis competition last term.
►第二版块：重点短语1.boil down to(局势、问题等)归结为，基本问题是(to是介词)(教材P36)It boils down to this: I was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination.归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。boil sth.down (to sth.) 概括，归纳，压缩come down to sth. 可归结为，可归纳为
❶In the end, what it all boils down to is time，or the lack of it.问题的症结是时间，或者是缺乏时间。❷It boils down to a question of priorities.这归根到底是事情轻重缓急的问题。❸The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes.我写的演讲原稿被压缩到了大约十分钟。❹What it comes down to is，either I go there alone or you accompany me there.归结起来就是：要么我自己去那里，要么你陪我去。
比较：boiling与boiledWater boils at 100 degrees.水在100度时沸腾。I boilded some water to make tea for our guests.我烧了一些水给客人们泡茶。Everybody can drink boiled water but no one drink boiling water for boiling water may burn your mouth.大家都可以喝开水，但无人敢喝正在沸腾的水，因为沸腾的水会烫嘴的。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It boils ________to one question whether you really have full confidence.②It boils down ________ how fast a machine can perform an operation.③Our choices boil down to ________ (stay) here or leaving here.
down 句意：归根结底的问题是，你是否真的充满信心。
to 句意：归结起来就是一个机器完成一个操作能有多快。
staying 句意：我们的选择归结起来就是：留在这里或离开这里。
2.apply oneself to致力于/专心于(to是介词)(教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。(1)apply vi.& vt. 申请；请求vt. 应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作vt. 涂(油漆、乳剂)vi. (对……)适用，有效(2)apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……apply to do sth. 申请做某事apply sth.to... 把某物应用于……be applied to... 被应用于……(to为介词)apply to... 对……适用
❶Every time I see him, he is always applying himself to his work.每次我见到他的时候，他总在全身心地工作。❷Our manager has applied himself to this task with considerable energy.我们经理已经花了相当多的精力致力于这项任务。❸Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。❹I'm applying for a part-time job at a company in my city during the summer vacation.我正在申请我市一家公司的暑期兼职工作。❺He applied to learn composition from the well-known musician.他申请跟这位著名音乐家学习作曲。
❻We should apply new words to spoken and written English.我们应该把新单词应用到英语口语和写作中去。❼The new technology has been applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。❽We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。❾Apply the cream evenly over the skin.将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。⑩ The rule applies to everyone in our school.该规定对我们学校里的所有人都适用。
表示“专心致力于……”的短语归纳：apply oneself to (doing) sth.be intent on (doing) sth.be absorbed in...be engaged in (doing) sth.be buried in...concentrate on doing sth.be involved in...be lost in...
表示“沉迷于……不能自拔”be lost in...(＝lose oneself in...)be addicted to＝addict onself to＝be absorbed in... 词组辨析：apply to适合，适用于…… 向……提出申请apply for申请，要求……apply to后面接间接宾语apply for后面接直接宾语
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中apply的含义/单句语法填空①By the time I saw the job advertised it was already too late to apply.____________②He wants a job in which he can apply his foreign languages.____________③Apply the cream to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming._____________④You can solve any problem if you apply yourself to it._________________⑤We should apply theory ________ practice; otherwise, it is no use.
申请
应用，使用
涂(油漆、乳剂)
努力学习，勤奋工作
to 句意：我们应当把理论运用到实践中去，要不然理论就是无用的。
⑥The person who wants to apply ________ the position will be expected to have a good command of English.⑦If you apply yourself ________ the job in hand, you'll finish it soon.⑧Recently, he has applied himself to ________(do) research and writing papers.
for 句意：想要申请这个职位的人必须精通英语。
to 句意：你如果专注于你正在处理的工作，很快就会完成它。
doing 句意：近来他一直专心于研究和写论文。
3.let alone更不用说(教材P38)If you are not totally committed to your sport and want to lead a normal life, you can never be an outstanding athlete, let alone an Olympic champion.如果你不是全身心地投入到你的运动中，想过普通的生活，你永远不会成为一名出色的运动员，更不用说成为奥运冠军了。let alone 表示“更不用说”，一般用于句中，连接两个句子，有进一步比较之意。let/leave sb. alone 不打扰，不惊动let/leave sth. alone 不碰，不变动，不移动
❶There isn't enough room for us, let alone any guests.连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。❷Protecting the environment is a challenge, let alone improving it.保护环境是一项挑战，更别说要改善环境了。❸She asked to be left alone but the press photographers followed her everywhere.她要求别打扰她，但是摄影记者到处都跟着她。❹Leave the cakes alone. They're for the guests.别动那些蛋糕，那是给客人的。
let alone与to say nothing of这两个短语都相当于汉语的“更不用说”。如：She hasn't yet learned how to move her hands, let alone act.她连手应该怎么动还没学会呢，更不用说演戏了。He has no chairs in his room, let alone a sofa.他连椅子都没有，哪里还谈得上沙发呢。Few people like walking in the rain, let alone bicycling in it.很少有人喜欢在雨中走路的，更不用说在雨中骑自行车了。
Insomniacs can't get into sleep even in quiet places, let alone in noisy surroundings.有失眠症的人即使在安静的场所也难以入睡，在嘈杂的环境中就更不用说了。He (a Negro) has on more than one occasion braved lynching and starvation, to say nothing of the ordinary forms of torture.他(一个黑人)曾不止一次勇敢地面对私刑和饥饿，更不提普通的折磨了。注意：let alone后面可连用动词原形、名词、动名词、过去分词、介词短语；to say nothing of后面只能连用名词或动名词，这主要是受介词of的影响。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①With one leg broken in that car accident, he can not walk, let ________ run.②The country does not yet have enough electricity for itself, let alone ________ export.
alone 句意：因为一条腿在事故中受伤，他不能走路，更不用说跑了。
for 句意：这个国家的电量还不够自己用，更别说是出口了。
4．apart from...除……之外(教材P37)If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争对手中脱颖而出。apart from为介词短语，相当于aside from，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。(1)相当于except for，意为“除了……之外(都)；要不是”，强调从整体中除去一部分，该部分要排除在外。(2)相当于in addition to，as well as，意为“除了……之外(还)；此外”，强调除此之外还包括其他部分。
❶I have finished apart from the last question.除了最后一道题，我全做完了。❷Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.他们除了在伦敦有一座房子，在西班牙还有一座乡间别墅。[即学即练] 根据汉语意思完成句子。当时是困难时期，别的且不说，我们财政上就有问题。It was a difficult time. _____________________ everything else, we had financial problems.
Apart from/Aside from
►第三版块：典型句式1．way后接定语从句和“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句(教材P37)Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll, no matter what it is I'm applying myself to.你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。(1)way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况：①当way后面的从句缺少状语时，用that/in which引导；用that引导时，that可以省略。②当way后面的从句缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that/which(作宾语时关系词可省略，作主语时不可省略)。
(2)way(方式，方法)后接定语还有以下两种形式： 做某事的方法(3)“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句①no matter与what/who/when/where/how等特殊疑问词连用，可引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”。②whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“无论……，不管……”③引导让步状语从句时，no matter what/who/when/where/how可分别与whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however互换。
❶The way (that) he explained the question was quite simple.(＝The way in which he explained the question was quite simple.)他解释那个问题的方法很简单。❷The way (that/which) he told us was quite effective.他告诉我们的那个方法很有效。(关系词在从句中作宾语)❸The way that/which was thought up by him was similar to Tom's.他想出的这个方法和汤姆的类似。(关系词在从句中作主语)❹Recycling is one way of protecting/to protect the environment.回收利用是保护环境的一种方法。❺No matter what he did，his parents supported him.不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。
❻No matter how difficult the problem is，we'll overcome it.不管这个问题有多难，我们都会解决。❼Whoever asks him for help，he is always ready to help.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。❽He is a very determined man. Whatever problems he meets, he never gives up.他是一个意志非常坚定的人。他无论遇到什么问题，都决不放弃。❾Now, the photo is still hanging on the wall of my bedroom. No matter when (＝Whenever) I look at it, I couldn't help thinking of my friend.现在那张照片还挂在我卧室的墙上。每当我看到它，我都禁不住想起我的朋友。
易混比较：no matter what与whatever(1)whatever＝no matter what引导让步状语从句Smoking is harmful, whatever your cigarettes.＝Smoking is harmful no matter what your cigarettes (may be)．不管你抽的烟怎么样，抽烟总是有害的。(2)作连接代词，whatever在句中作定语＝no matter what＋n.如：You are welcome whatever time you come.＝You are welcome no matter what time you come.不管你何时来你都受欢迎。(句中no matter what time＝no matter when)
(3)whatever＝anything that，此时whatever不能用no matter what代替。如：Whatever you do should agree with the regulations.＝Anything that you do should agree with the regulations.你做的一切都应符合规章制度。(4)whenever＝no matter whenwherever＝no matter wherehowever＝no matter howwhoever＝no matter who/anyone whowhichever＝no matter which/any one which
[即学即练] 1．单句语法填空①Most people believe the best way ________ (build) a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals.②The way ________ was offered by him to do the experiment was different from the way ________ you carried it out.
to build way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”，故填to build。
that/which；that 第一空用that/which引导定语从句，that/which在从句中作主语；第二空引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，因此此处可用that/in which，也可省略that，但根据语法填空的规则可知，此处应填that。
2．单句写作③我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．用适当的特殊疑问词(＋-ever)填空④No matter ________ difficult it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society.⑤________ problems you may have, you should gather your courage to face them.⑥________ Angela goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
I don't like the way (that) you talk to your mother.或I don't like the way in which you talk to your mother.
how
Whatever
Wherever
4.同义句转换⑦Whenever you come, I will welcome you. →_____________________，I will welcome you.⑧No matter where you go, I'll go with you.→_____________________， I'll go with you.⑨Whatever the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.→_____________________， we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best.
No matter when you come
Wherever you go
No matter what the result is
2．that引导宾语从句(教材P36)He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with only a world championship medal and no one to share it with.他担心和我一起训练不再有趣，担心我可能只剩下一枚世界冠军奖牌，且没有人与我分享。(1)that引导宾语从句时，在句中无实际意义，不充当成分，在非正式场合可以省略。
(2)当主句谓语是think，believe，suppose，expect等词，且宾语从句表示否定时，常把否定词转移至主句。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.这个男孩相信他将穿越太空，到达其他星球。I don't think he is going to help you with your English.我认为他不会帮你学英语。特别注意 宾语从句中that不能省略的情况：(1)当句中的动词后接两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，但第二个及后面引导宾语从句的that不可省略。❶He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.他说你太年轻，还不懂这件事，而且有人要求他别告诉你。
(2)当主句的谓语与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。❷Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.就在那时，我第一次注意到我们的师傅穿着他那件上好的绿外套，并戴着一顶黑丝帽。
名师点津：否定转移否定转移就是把宾语从句的否定词放在主句谓语中了，但翻译的意思不变。否定转移的三个条件：(1)主语是第一人称(I, we)；(2)主句谓语动词是一般现在时；(3)谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, consider, guess, fancy等表示心理活动的动词。如：①I don't think (that) he will come.我认为他不会来。②I don't believe (that) he will succeed in the exam.我认为他考试不会成功。
③I don't suppose that the housing prices will go up.我认为房价不会上涨了。④I don't imagine that he will come to the party.我认为他不会来参加聚会。(4)这种句型构成反意问句时，附加部分往往与宾语从句中的主谓保持人称和数的一致，而附加问句部分肯定还是否定的选用则与主句相反。如：I don't think she can go with you, can she?我认为她不能同你去，是吗？I think you are going to have a good time in the park, aren't you?我想你们在公园会玩得很愉快的，对吧？
[即学即练] 1．在空白处填入1个适当的单词。①The mother likes saying ________ she has a good daughter.②I was afraid ________ he might fail his exam.
that 句意为：这位母亲喜欢说她有一个好女儿。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
that 句意为：我担心他可能无法通过考试。此处引导形容词后的宾语从句，从句中不缺必要成分，故填that。
2．仿照例子改写句子。例：It's going to rain soon.(I thought)→I thought (that) it was going to rain soon.③He often helps his classmates with their English.(All of us know)→_________________________________________________________④He is going to start work at once. (The teacher said)→_________________________________________________________⑤Li Lei has just arrived. (I heard)→_________________________________________________________⑥Every step shows in the snow. (He told the students)→_________________________________________________________
All of us know (that) he often helps his classmates with their English.
The teacher said (that) he was going to start work at once.
I heard (that) Li Lei had just arrived.
He told the students (that) every step shows in the snow.
3.in order to do...目的状语(教材P36)I think of countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed, ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in, almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes.我想起了无数个我错过的生日派对和外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找一个可以训练的游泳池而破坏了在法国的家庭假日，因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车开过“禁行”区去和当地的铁人三项运动员一起骑行而差点错过了我哥哥的婚礼。通常用in order to do，so as to do表示强调(尤其是在不定式结构前使用否定词not等词时)。注意：to do，in order to do的位置既可在句首，又可在句中；而so as to do只能在句中。
To build a new house, he bought some wood and steel.＝In order to build a new house, he bought some wood and steel.＝He bought some wood and steel to/in order to/so as to build a new house.为了建造新房，他买来了一些木料和钢材。
知识拓展：(1)in order to do...可以转化为in order that; so as to do...可以转化为so that...如：He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.为了赶早班车，他起得很早。＝He got up early in order that/so that he could catch the early bus.(2)以便让某人做…… ＝in order to let sb. do...或so as to let sb. do...如：My mother gets up early every morning to cook breakfast in order to/so as to let me go to school on time.＝My mother gets up early every morning in order for me/so as for me to go to school on time.妈妈每天早起做早饭，以便我能按时到校。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子①Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 ________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.②The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________(find) the well-known painter.
to find 句意为：中国的研究者们希望用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究月球南极—艾特肯盆地区域。结合句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，构成use sth to. do...结构，意为“使用某物做……”。故填to find。
to find 句意为：第二天早上，他租了一艘船，出发去寻找这位著名的画家。结合句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to find。
③In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan.___________________________________________________________④We work hard at English so as to have a good command of it.___________________________________________________________
为了确保成功，我们必须要有一个完整且详尽的计划。
为了掌握好英语，我们在学习英语上下苦功夫。
4.强调句式It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分(教材P37)If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.如果你想成为奥运冠军，正是你在准备过程中所做的那些额外小事会让你在竞争者中脱颖而出。用法详解 It is/was... that/who...强调句型(1)强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是”等字眼。其基本结构是：It＋is/was＋被强调成分＋that/who＋其他成分。He bought a book in this shop yesterday.他昨天在这家店里买了一本书。→It was he that/who bought a book in this shop yesterday.是他昨天在店里买了一本书。(强调主语he)
→It was a book that he bought in this shop yesterday.他昨天在店里买的是一本书。(强调宾语a book)→It was in this shop that he bought a book yesterday.他昨天是在这家店买了一本书。(强调地点状语in this shop)(2)含有not until...的句子的强调句式：It＋is/was＋not until...＋that＋其他成分。He didn't go home until he finished the task./Not until he finished the task did he go home.→It was not until he finished the task that he went home.直到完成工作他才回家。
特别提醒：①在该强调结构中，It无任何意义，但不可以换成This或者That等。It is/was和that/who为结构词，去掉后剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句的本质区别。②当被强调部分指人时，可以用who(被强调部分作主语或宾语时)或者whom(被强调部分作宾语时)代替that。③原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时，用It was... that...。属于表现在的时态时，用It is... that...。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It is what you do rather than what you say ________ matters.②It is the ability to do the job ________ matters, not where you come from or what you are.③It is Tom ________ is to blame.④It was after he got what he had desired ________ he realised it was not so important.
that 这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是What you do rather than what you say matters，语义完整。
that 首先判断这是强调句型，强调的是主语the ability to do the job，所以填that。
who/that 该句为强调句，被强调的部分为主语Tom，指人，故填who或者that。
that 该句为强调句，强调时间状语after he got what he had desired。注意这个空不能填when，因为把It was及设空处删掉之后，整个句子成分完整。
⑤It was on a cold winter night ________ Tom was waiting for his friend to see a movie with him ________ the accident occured.⑥It was April 29, 2011 ________ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.⑦It was not until he went to college_____John realised the importance of time.
when that 第一空引导定语从句，先行词为a cold winter night，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导该从句；将句中的It was和第二空去掉后，句子成分完整，故该句为强调句，第二空填that。
when 去掉It was及设空处后，April 29,2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。此处应用when引导时间状语从句。如果April 29,2011前有介词on，那么则是强调句，就可以填that了。
that 考查not until在强调句中的用法。句意为：直到约翰进入大学之后，他才意识到时间的重要性。
开放课堂·自修自读
[词语积累][1]ruin/'ruːɪn/vt.毁坏，破坏，糟蹋[2] skip /skɪp/ vt.不做(应做的事等)，不参加；vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走[3] from across...从……对面[4] be left with被留给，剩有They are left with nothing.什么也没有留给他们。[5] defensive/dɪ'fensɪv/ adj.戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；防御的，保护的，保卫的defend /dɪ'fend/ vt. & vi.防御，保护，保卫；vt.辩解，辩白defense n．[U]防御，保护，保卫；[C，U]防御物，防务，防御能力[6] element /'elɪmənt/n.[C]要素，基本部分，典型部分
[7] intensity /ɪn'tensəti/n.[U, sing.]强烈，紧张，剧烈；[U，C]强度，烈度[8] on a day-to-day/daily basis按每日一次的标准day-to-day adj.按日计划的，逐日的，每天的basis n．[sing.]基准，准则，方式；原因，缘由；[C，usually sing.，U]基础，要素，基点[9] countless /'kaʊntləs/ adj.无数的，数不胜数的，数不尽的(常作前置定语)[10] hire a car租汽车hire /'haɪə(r)/vt.租用，租借[11] triathlete /traɪ'æθliːt/n.[C]铁人三项运动员[12] boil down to sth.归结为，基本问题是
[13] enormous amount of大量的enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/ adj.巨大的，庞大的，极大的[14] drive n. [U]冲劲，干劲，精力[15] determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪ'neɪʃn/n.[U]决心，果断，坚定determine vt.决定，决心(做某事)[16] stay in待在室内，不外出[17] get ahead(of sb.)领先，胜过(某人)，走在(某人的)前面[18] length /leŋθ/ n．[C]游泳池长度[19] rugby/'rʌɡbi/n.[U]橄榄球运动[20] roll在此表示“行动，做”。[21] apply oneself to (doing) sth.使自己致力于(做)某事；使(注意力等)专注于(做)某事(to是介词)
[22] set...apart from...使……与众不同，使……突出，使……优于……[23] platform/'plætfɔːm/n.[C]舞台，讲台；站台，月台[24] be committed to＝commit oneself to (doing) sth.使(自己)致力于；使(自己)承诺(与某人的长期关系)[25] injured/'ɪndʒəd/ adj.受伤的，有伤的injure/'ɪndʒə(r)/vt.(尤指在事故中)伤害，使受伤；损害，伤害(名誉、自尊等)injury/'ɪndʒəri/ n．[C，U](对躯体的)伤害，损伤；[U](对感情的)伤害，挫伤serious injury重伤escape injury险受伤害injury to the head/head injury头部受伤
[26] outstanding /aʊt'stændɪŋ/adj.优秀的，杰出的，出色的；突出的，明显的，重要的outstanding player/achievement/success杰出的运动员/成绩/成就[27] average/'ævərɪdʒ/ adj.普通的，平常的，一般的[28] normal /'nɔːml/ adj.正常的，一般的，典型的
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits? As one of the Olympic athletes, I miss birthday parties, ruin[1] family holidays and skip[2] nights out, but there is a very good reason for giving up so much. “We're worried about you，” said my friend from across[3] the table. He was worried that I had no longer become fun to train with and that I was in danger of being left with[4] only a world championship medal and no one to share it with 【1】．【1】本句为主从复合句。worried后面包含两个that引导的宾语从句。第二个宾语从句中，and连接两个并列成分only...medal和no one...with作being left with 的宾语，其中不定式短语to share it with作后置定语修饰one。
I could have become angry or defensive[5]. Don't they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport 【2】？ Don't they know what it takes to get there? However, deep down I knew elements[6] of what he was saying were right 【3】. I was always tired and every workout had a mental intensity[7] that seemed too much for most to handle. I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.【2】画线部分为how hard引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。it在此为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。【3】画线部分为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis[8]. Who am I doing this for? How much is too much? Why am I doing this? How can I be so selfish? What are the sacrifices for?I think of countless[9] birthday parties and nights out I have missed, ruining a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool to train in 【4】， almost missing my brother's wedding 【5】 because I was too busy hiring a car[10] in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas in order to do a group ride with the local triathletes[11]. The list is endless.【4】画线部分为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰a swimming pool。【5】画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语。miss与其逻辑主语I之间为主谓关系。
It boils down to[12] this: I was born with an enormous amount of[13] drive[14] and determination[15]. From a small girl, I would stay in[16] at lunch time just to get ahead[17] on class work rather than go out and play; I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 lengths[18] of the pool while other kids played pool games; I was the only girl in a rugby[19] club of 250 boys. I have always lived my life to extremes. Call it unhealthy if you want, but that is the way I roll[20]， no matter what it is I'm applying myself to[21] 【6】．【6】本句为并列复合句。but前的分句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，其对应的主句为祈使句。but后的分句中包含一个no matter what引导的让步状语从句，其对应的主句中I roll为省略了关系副词that的定语从句，修饰先行词way。
Being a professional athlete is no different. If you want to be an Olympic champion, it's all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from[22] your competitors.Can this be overdone? Absolutely. But if your dream is to be the best and reach the winner's platform[23]， you had better be totally committed to[24] your sport. In the words of the British triathlete Alistair Brownlee, even if it means getting injured[25] 【7】， “I'd prefer to have three or four outstanding[26] years of winning stuff than having ten years of being average[27].”【7】画线部分为even if引导的让步状语从句。
Doing what we do as athletes 【8】 sets us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take us to the top. It is certainly not a balanced way to live 【9】 and it is certainly not normal[28] but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.【8】画线部分为v.-ing结构作主语，其中what we do为what引导的宾语从句作Doing的宾语，what在该从句中作do的宾语。【9】to live为动词不定式短语作后置定语修饰抽象名词way。
为什么奥林匹克运动员要将自己逼到极限呢？作为一名奥林匹克运动员，我错过生日聚会、破坏阖家度假、放弃夜晚外出，但是放弃这么多是有合理的理由的。“我们很担心你，”隔着桌子坐在我对面的朋友说。他担心和我一起训练不再是一件愉悦的事情，担心我处于只剩下世界冠军的奖牌而无人可以分享的危险境地。我本可以生气或者辩解一下的。难道他们不知道在运动中处于顶峰有多难吗？难道他们不知道到达顶峰需要付出多少吗？然而，在内心深处，我知道他说的有一些是对的。我总是疲惫不堪，每次锻炼带来的心理压力似乎对于大多数人来说都难以应对。我把极限提升到了大多数人认为超出健康的程度。这些是我作为一名职业运动员日常面临的恐惧。我这样做是为了谁？太多是多少？我为什么要这样做？我怎么能这么自私？这些牺牲是为什么？
我想到了曾经错过的无数生日派对和本来可以外出的夜晚，因为一直寻找可以训练的游泳池，而破坏了一次去法国的阖家度假；因为忙于在约翰内斯堡市中心租车，开车闯过“禁行”区，以便和当地的铁人三项运动员组团骑行，而差点错过哥哥的婚礼。这样的事情不计其数。归根结底，我天生就是个特别有干劲和意志力的人。我还是个小女孩时，为了在课业上名列前茅，午餐时间我会留下来学习而不出去玩。十岁的时候，当别的孩子在泳池戏水时，我会自己乘公共汽车去游泳池游50个来回；橄榄球俱乐部里，有250个男孩，只有我一个女孩。生活中我一向把事情做到极致。你若说这是一种病态也行，但这就是我的做事风格，不管做什么我都会全力以赴。做一名职业运动员也不例外。你如果想成为奥运冠军，就要在训练中多付出那额外的一点点，它将使你从竞争者中脱颖而出。
这过分吗？当然。但如果你的梦想是成为最棒的并站上胜利者的奖台，你最好全身心投入运动项目中。用英国铁人三项运动员阿利斯特尔·布朗利的话来说，即使这意味着要受伤，“我宁愿有三四年的胜利辉煌，而不选择十年的平庸无为。”做运动员让我们与众不同，因为我们愿意做到那额外的一点点，以使我们走向顶峰。它当然不是一种平衡的生活方式，也肯定不寻常，但寻常、平衡这些词是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
夯实基础·一遍落实
Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)1．The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in ________ (学术的)life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源)．2．The stress and ________(强度)of the work left little room for personal grief or anxiety.3．Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ________(毁坏)an entire day?4．The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to ________ (不做)eating first.
academic
intensity
ruined
skip
5．Like their parents, children are often ________(戒备的) about their private lives.6．A pocket dictionary doesn't contain enough ________(条目)．7．However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in ________(无数的)ways.8．The next morning he ________ (租用) a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.9．The water is ________ (沸腾) and is too hot. Pour it from one cup to another repeatedly to cool it.
defensive
entries
countless
hired
boiling
10．Vocabulary is the basic ________ (元素) of a language. Thoughts and concepts are expressed through it.11．The loss of glaciers due to global warming represents an ________ (巨大的) threat to the island states in the world.12．The room he has just rented is about 9 metres in ________ (长度) and 3 metres in width.13．Talent shows can provide a ________ (平台) for people who want to stand in the spotlight.
element
enormous
length
platform
Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．The old couple, accustomed to country life, were ________ (willing) to move to the city to live with their son.2．I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project ________ length.3．People's lives can ___________ (lengthen) from limited to unlimited by serving the society.4．The latest survey showed that many graduates ranked computer companies ________ their first choice while hunting for jobs.
unwilling
at
be lengthened
as
5．Usually, it's impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let ________ surf the Internet.6．In the earthquake, the large city lay ________ ruins within terrible 15 seconds.7．If you go on drinking like this, one day your family will ________ (ruin)．8．Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they __________ (skip) breakfast than when they had eaten.
alone
in
be ruined
had skipped
9．She had to choose between giving up her job or ________(hire) a babysitter.10．She runs ________ average about 15 miles a day, whatever the circumstances and whatever the weather.11．Since its introduction, the Beidou navigation system has been applied ________ everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.12．The increase of energy will even make you more willing ________ (exercise), and that will raise your overall energy even more.
hiring
on
to
to exercise
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成句子1．_________________________________________(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法) proves to be practical.(way)2．It is his constant desire to be creative that ______________________________ (使他与绝大多数工程师与众不同)．(set...apart from)3．Over the past years, she ________________________ (致力于研究) ancient Chinese architecture. (apply)4．The issue basically _____________(归结为) how much it costs to develop and maintain the software.5．It remains uncertain when the train service will _____________ (恢复正常)after the strike.6．_______________________________ (无论你喜欢做什么), there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.
The way(which/that) I thought of to solve the problem
sets him apart from most engineers
has applied herself to studying
boils down to
return to normal
Whatever/No matter what you like to do
Ⅳ.课文语法填空 I was born with an enormous amount of drive and 1.___________ (determine). From a small girl, I would stay in at lunch time just to get ahead on class work rather 2.________go out and play. I would get the bus on my own at ten years old and go to swim 100 3.________ (length) of the pool while other kids played pool games; I was 4.________only girl in a rugby club of 250 boys. I have always lived my life to extremes. I think 5.________ countless birthday parties and nights out I have missed, 6.________ (ruin) a family holiday in France because of the endless search for a swimming pool 7.________ (train) in, almost missing my brother's wedding because I was too busy hiring a car in downtown Johannesburg and driving through the “no-go” areas.
determination
than
lengths
the
of
ruining
to train
Being a professional athlete is no 8.________ (difference). Doing what we do as athletes 9.________ (set) us apart because we are willing to do that extra little bit that might take 10.________ (we) to the top.
different
sets
us
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