高中英语2024届高考语法复习形容词和副词知识讲解与练习
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形容词和副词知识讲解
一、形容词和副词讲前练
用所给单词的适当形式填空
For many people,life is a lot [1]_____(easy) today.Medicine and diet are improving [2]______(quick),and people are getting [3]________(healthy) and living [4]______(long). But the area of life that is changing [5]___________(quickly) of all is communication. Fifty years ago, computers were much [6]_______ (big) and less [7]_________ (power) than they are now. Today, we use the internet, so we can communicate [8]___________(easy) with friends all over the world.
Not all the changes are [9]___________(well) ones. More people drive cars instead of riding bikes, so they aren’t as [10]_________(fitness) as they were. Traffic doesn’t just make the roads [11]_______ (crowd), it also makes pollution [12]__________ (bad). We must all think [13]_________(careful) about how we can use [14]___________ (little) energy. We must all work [15]_________ (hardly) to reduce pollution.
【Keys】
1.easier
2.quickly
3.healthier
4.longer
5.(the)most quickly
6.bigger
7.powerful
8.easily
9.good
10.fit
11.crowded
12. worse
13.carefully
14.less
15.hard
二、形容词考点精讲
1、形容词的基本特征与功能
（1）作定语一般位于被修饰名词的前面（修饰不定代词时放在不定代词的后面）
A sunny day阳光明媚的一天 a kind person 一个和蔼可亲的人
A funny story 一个滑稽可笑的故事 classical music 古典音乐
I have something interesting to tell you.
以a开头的表语形容词(alive、afraid、alike、asleep)或形容词短语作定语时放在被修饰词的后面。
a bottle filled with water 装满水的瓶子 the baby awake醒着的婴儿
（2）作表语用在系动词后面
I’m feeling lonely.我感到孤独。Mr. Yang is very strict with students.杨老师对学生非常严格。
（3）作补足语
He found the house empty.他发现房子是空的。【宾语补足语】
The house was found empty.房子被发现是空的。【主语补足语】
I think it impossible for him to complete the work before the dark.
我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成工作。【宾语补足语】
（4）作状语：形容词作状语说明主语的状态
Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest.又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。
（5）“The + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语或宾语，作主语时位于用复数。
The new will take the place of the old. 新事物将代替旧事物。
【考点对练】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The baby ___________(sleep) is Mrs Green’s son.
2.The house ___________(fully) of smoke belongs to Mr. White.
3.The man _______________(responsibility) for the trip is handsome.
4.He is the person________________(awareness) of the danger.
5.The river is twenty meters _____________(widely).
=The river is twenty meters in _____________(wide).
6.He is the most ________________(handsomely) man that I have ever met.
7.If we know that gossip can be ___________(harm), then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip---the satisfaction it gives us.
8.Little Tom sat __________(amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front him.
9.The old ____________(be) more likely to catch cold than the young.
10.The weather forecast says it will be ________(cloud) with a slight chance of rain later tonight.
11.Listening is thus an active, not a ______________(passively), behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.
【Keys】
1.asleep
2.full
3.responsible
4.aware
5.width
6.handsome
7.harmful
8.amazed.
9.are
10.cloudy
11.passive
2、-ed形容词和-ing形容词的用法
-ed形容词表示“人感到如何的”，-ing形容词用来描写事物，表示“令人怎么样的”
We were excited when we heard the exciting news.听到这个令人激动的消息，我们感到兴奋。
常考的-ed形容词和-ing形容词
amazed（吃惊的）
amused（愉悦的）
annoyed（气恼的）
astonished（惊讶的）
bored（厌烦的）
confused（困惑的）
disappointed（失望的）
discouraged（泄气的）
embarrassed（尴尬的，感到为难的）
excited（兴奋的）
frightened（感到恐惧的）
interested（感兴趣的）
puzzled（困惑的）
satisfied（满意的）
shocked（感到震惊的）
surprised（惊讶的）
worried（担心的）
amazing(令人吃惊的)
amusing（有趣的）
annoying（使人气恼的）
astonishing（令人惊讶的）
boring （厌烦的）
confusing（令人困惑的）
disappointing（令人失望的）
discouraging（令人泄气的）
embarrassing（令人为难的）
exciting（令人兴奋的）
frightening（令人恐惧的）
interesting（有趣的）
puzzling（令人困惑的）
satisfying（令人满意的）
shocking（令人震惊的，可怕的）
surprising（令人惊讶的）
worrying（令人担心的）
3、带有-ly后缀的形容词
friendly友好的, deadly致命的, lovely可爱的, lonely孤独的, likely可能的, lively生动的，活泼的, ugly丑陋的
注意：下列词既可作形容词也可做副词
daily每日的（地），日常的 weekly每周的（地），monthly每月的（地） yearly每年的(地)
early早的（地）
【考点对练】
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The children were _______after the ________trip.（tire）
2.Tom’s parents are _________ at his _____________ results of the exams.（disappoint）
3.When hearing the_________ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were________to look at each other. （surprise）
4.A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a___________ look on his face. （frighten）
5.Aids is a ______________(dead) disease, so we should protect ourselves from it.
6.It is___________( like) to rain in all parts of the country today.
【Keys】
1.tired, tiring
2.disappointed, disappointing
3.surprising, surprised
4.frightened
5.deadly
6.likely
三、副词考点精讲
1、副词的基本特征与功能
（1）副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语。
He worked hard all his life.他一辈子工作努力。
Fortunately. He was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
（2）副词的构成
规则
例词
1、在形容词后加“ly”
entire--entirely curious-- curiously exact--exactly
fortunate--fortunately immediate-- immediately
2、将形容词的词尾
“le”变为“ly”
comfortable—comfortably gentle—gently possible—possibly
（3）辅音字母加“y”结尾的变y为“i加ly”
busy—busily easy—easily heavy—heavily angry—angrily
hungry—hungrily lucky—luckily happy—happily
（4）特殊词
true—truly
（5）本身就是副词
fast very quite
2、两种形式但意义不同的副词
（1）high(高)、highly(高度地)
They can jump high. They think highly of us.
（2）wide(宽)、widely(广泛地)
He opened his eyes wide. English is widely used in the world.
（3）deep(深) 、deeply(深深地)
They worked deep into late. We were deeply moved by his words.
（4）hard(努力)、hardly(几乎不)
Study hard and you will make progress. I can hardly recognize him.
（5）close(近地)、closely(紧紧地，密切地)
You’d better get close to him. Watch closely.
（6）most(最,非常)、mostly(大部分地，主要地)
It’s a most interesting film. The audience consisted mostly of women.
（7）late(晚，迟)、lately(最近)
You have come too late. What have you been doing lately.
（8）free(免费地)、freely(自由地)
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
四、形容词副词比较级与最高级精讲
1、比较级与最高级的构成
构成法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
① 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -est | strong | stronger | strongest |
② 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加-r 和-st | strange | stranger | strangest |
③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-est | sad big hot | sadder bigger hotter | saddest biggest hottest |
④ 少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词末尾加-er和-est(以-y结尾的词，如y前是辅音字母，把y变成i，再加-er和-est，以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st) | angry clever narrow noble | angrier cleverer narrower nobler | angriest cleverest narrowest noblest |
⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most | difficult | more difficult | most difficult |
不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good / well | better | best |
bad / ill | worse | worst |
many / much | more | most |
little | less | least |
far | fartherfurther | farthest (表距离)furthest (表程度) |
old | older（年龄）elder（辈分）注意：the elderly （老人） | oldesteldest |
2、形容词副词比较级与最高级用法
（1）as+原级+as 与....一样
He likes maths as much as he likes English.他喜欢数学就像他喜欢英语一样。
John works as hard as his brother.约翰工作和他哥哥一样努力。
（2）not so/as+原级+as 与....不一样
I can not type as fast as you我打字没有你快。
This book is not as interesting as that one.这本书没有那本书有趣。
（3）比较级+than.... Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿。
（4）“定冠词＋形容词最高级＋名词＋表示范围的短语或从句”(如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如：
Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known.
（5）副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于副词最高级前定冠词the可以省略。如：
He runs（the）fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。
（6）比较级+and +比较级：越来越......
I’m convinced that our school will become better and better.我相信我们学校会越来越好。
（7）the +比较级， the +比较级：越......，（就）越........
The harder you study, the more progress you will make.
你学习越努力，你取得的进步就会越大。
（8）表示倍数的句型
A:“… times ＋形容词 / 副词的比较级＋ than …”
B:“… times +as + 形容词 / 副词的原级＋ as …”
C:“… times + the + 名词（如：size， height， weight， length， width 等）＋ of …”
D:“… times + what 从句”
EG:This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。
This dictionary is five times as thick as the one you borrowed from the library.
这本词典的厚度是你从图书馆借的那本（厚度）的 5 倍
This river is three times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍深
The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.
这条路的长度是三年前的 4 倍。
五、考点应考技巧
1、在语法填空题中，注意判断空格处充当什么句子成分, 在名词前作定语，系动词后作表语，宾语后面作宾语补足语时用形容词；作状语时用副词。
2、在改错题中，注意形容词与副词是否用错，比较级、最高级与原级是否用错。
3、注意标志性的词语以及上下文隐含的比较的含义：如than, as...as, more等。
