专题18.语法填空（初高考点差异及衔接）（原卷版）-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接

这是一份专题18.语法填空（初高考点差异及衔接）（原卷版）-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接，共12页。
语法填空（初高考点差异及衔接） 初中考点语法填空的考查形式是在一个语篇文本中,设10个空,设空分为给提示词和不给提示词两类。给提示词的,答案不多于3个词;无提示词的,答案只有一个词。考查词性语法,结合实际语境、运用语法规则来确定所填单词的具体形式高中考点语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。【初中语法填空考点聚焦】考点1　考查动词1.设空处是谓语动词的,考虑该词的时态和语态。例1  The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video calling over the Internet. It　　         (invent) for people to see each other while talking online.2,设空处如果不是谓语动词,就有可能是动词的非谓语形式例1  Su Yu-shan, the manager of the store, says the environment can help people learn to do “soul(灵魂)reading” by　　         (provide) a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.例2   Then I taught him how to use the Internet and how　　         (play) chess online. 考点2　考查名词首先确定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词,还需要确定用单数还是复数形式。例    Now he is quite good at playing chess online and has made a lot of 　　         (friend) on the Internet at the same time.考点3　考查形容词如果设空句出现了提示使用比较等级的关键词或短语时,则需要用提示词的适当形式填空。比如形容词比较级前经常会有much,even,a little,a bit等关键词或短语出现,后会有than出现。例    My grandfather is much 　　    (happy) than before.考点4　考查代词1.考查物主代词。设空处后出现名词,常考查形容词性物主代词。例   he San people have another name—“bush people”.　　         (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they know more about animals and plants than most people do.2.考查人称代词例  But he was very disappointed when he found nobody here could play chess with　　          (he).  考查反身代词例    Now,she enjoys　　          (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and you can tell from the expression on her face. 考点5　词性转换1.动词转换为形容词例    After changing into the dress and getting my makeup done, I felt 　　         (relax).2.名词转换为形容词例   With the help of his father-in-law, a builder, he moved into a 　　         (comfort) new home after only four months.3.形容词转换为副词例   The bookstore is almost　　          (complete) dark, except for the shelves of books.4.动词转换为名词例    Su Yu-shan, the　　         (manage) of the store, says the environment can help people learn to do “soul(灵魂) reading” by providing a private experience with each book that draws one’s attention.考法二　无提示词无提示词的一般是填写冠词、介词、连词、副词、作形式主语或宾语的it等。考点1　考查冠词填写不定冠词时,注意其后单词若以元音音素开头则使用an,以辅音音素开头则使用a。例1   The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video calling over the Internet. It was invented for people to see each other while talking online. Then we came up with　　         idea.例2  I took him to　　          computer in my room and said, “Right here.”考点2　考查连词并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空,一般填入的连词有and,but,or,so。若句子之间为从属关系,则填从属连词。例  　　          it might not be for everyone, Wuguan Books creates a very different kind of environment from most bookstores.考点3　考查介词介词经常出现在固定搭配或者短语中。例   “Grandpa, someone is waiting　　          you to play chess,” I went to him and said.考点4　考查副词副词经常在一些固定搭配或者短语中出现,比如:put off(推迟),turn on(打开),take off(起飞)等。例   I climbed　　          of my tent and looked out at the mountain. 考点5　考查it的用法例　　          is necessary to encourage kids to come up with new ways to make use of technology in school life. 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号中所给内单词的正确形式。Madagascar has two seasons, a warm, wet season from November to April, and a cool, dry season between May and October. However, different parts of the country have very different weather.The east coast is 　1　 (hot) and wetter, with up to 4,000 mm of rainfall per year. In the rainy season, there are strong winds, and these can cause a lot of damage (破坏). Avoid 　2　 ( visit) eastern Madagascar between January and March 　3　 the weather can make road travel very difficult. The dry season is cooler and more 　4　 (please). The high, central part of the country is much drier and cooler. About 1,400 mm of rain 　5　 (fall) in the rainy season, 　6　 some thunderstorms. The summer is usually sunny and dry, 　7　 it can be cold, especially in the mornings, with freezing showers, and it may snow in mountain areas above 2,400 m. The west coast is the driest part of the island. Here, the winter 　8　 (month) are nice with little rain, cool temperatures and the blue sky. The summer can be extremely hot,　9　 (especial) in the southwest. This part of the country is semi⁃desert, and only gets a little rain 　10　 year. 【高中语法填空考点聚焦】全国卷语法填空考点设置有如下特点：一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题高频考点谓语动词1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。非谓语动词1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。派生词1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。名词0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。形容词和副词类0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。低频考点代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。 二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题高频考点介词0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。冠词0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。从属关联词0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。低频考点并列连词0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。其他0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do, does, did；构成部分倒装的do, does, did；构成一般疑问句的do, does, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before, ago, however, anyway ...)等。  一、“有提示词类”解题攻略  (一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词1．考查谓语动词解题攻略若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时，应先考虑时态，考生可以根据句中的时间状语或语篇提示确定时态，然后考虑语态，最后需考虑主谓一致和语气问题，来确定谓语动词的数。典例1While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it  __64__  (be) more effective at lengthening life  than  walking, cycling or swimming.分析：分析句子结构可知，前半句是由while引导的让步状语从句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一个宾语从句，即it ...or swimming作says的宾语。又因此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时，再根据主谓一致原则可知，应填is。典例2Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __61__ (grow) more corn than rice.分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语Since 2011可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时，根据句意可知应用主动语态，再根据主谓一致原则可知填has grown。典例3The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government __68__ (start) a soil­testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.分析：分析句子结构可知，when the government   __68__   (start) a soil­testing program为关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词为2005。通过分析定语从句可知从句中缺少谓语动词，再根据时间状语between 2005可知应填一般过去时，根据句意可知需用主动语态，故填started。2．考查非谓语动词解题攻略若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚未发生的动作。典例4You don't have to run fast or for long __62__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __63__ (die) early by running.分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，应填dying，作介词of的宾语。典例5Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __64__ (improve) water quality.分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve，作目的状语。典例6China's approach to protecting its environment while __70__ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可知，“while __70__ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词feeding。典例7But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter __66__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故填permitted。 3．考查派生词解题攻略有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。典例8This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有谓语动词has decreased，其后缺少宾语，故填名词pollution。典例9This development was only possible with the __69__ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.分析：由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。 (二)高频考点之二：提示词为名词解题攻略所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。典例10Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67__ (cause)．分析：分析句子成分可知，from all __67__ (cause)为介词短语作后置定语，空处位于介词之后作宾语，又因空格前面有all，所以填其复数形式causes。典例11To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __68__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有谓语动词do，再根据句意可知，此处应填动词形式，与空前的不定式符号to构成不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。故填strengthen。典例12The Central London Railway was one of the most __70__ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.分析：根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。 (三)高频考点之三：提示词为形容词或副词解题攻略当提示词为形容词或副词时，需考虑是否是考查比较级或形容词和副词之间的相互转换。当提示词为形容词时，还要考虑是否需要转换为名词形式。典例13According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__ (long) than non­runners.分析：根据空格后面的than可知，此处考查比较级形式，故填longer。典例14A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.分析：分析句子成分可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词is应用副词。故填actually。(四)低频考点：提示词为代词解题攻略所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。典例15When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __68__ (they) alive.分析：因空处作动词find的宾语，故应填人称代词的宾格形式，即them。典例16On my recent visit, I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.分析：mother是名词，所填词作定语修饰mother，故填其形容词性物主代词its。二、“无提示词类”解题攻略(一)高频考点之一：填介词解题攻略当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。典例1My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching __67__ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.分析：search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，此处指“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填for。典例2It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and __62__ work.分析：travel to and from work表示“上下班”，故填from。 (二)高频考点之二：填冠词解题攻略当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。典例3Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over __62__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.分析：句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。特指在过去的25年里。故填定冠词the。典例4Unexpectedly, I'm face­to­face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at __62__ top of her lungs.分析：固定短语at the top of“在……的顶部”，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词解题攻略当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。典例5Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __66__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.分析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a study，并在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。典例6Over time, __45__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时候”，故填as/when。(四)低频考点：填并列连词解题攻略当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。典例7Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water __65__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.分析：根据比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词，故填than。   一阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When Victor Gao was growing up in rural China in ___36___1970s, cars and trucks were so rare that he would chase them with the other children through the dirt roads, ___37___(thrill) by the strange sight. Today, China is the world’s largest automobile producer, ___38___more than double the capacity(产能) of the United States."I never ___39___(expect) that an ordinary Chinese family would own a car and China would be a major automobile making country," Gao said, "It would be ___40___(complete) beyond my wildest dreams that China would produce more automobiles than the US."December 18, 2018 marks four ___41___(decade) since China started the process, ___42___would transform it from a poor country into an economic superpower. This era of great change ___43___(know) broadly as "Reform and Opening". At the beginning of the reform era, China’s GDP was just under $150 billion. Today, it has sharply increased to over $12 trillion(万亿), following only the United States. China holds about 10% of global wealth. In the last 20 years alone, wealth per adult has quadrupled(成四倍), ___44___(leave) fewer than 1% of the population in extreme poverty(贫困). China now has 600 billionaires, a ___45___(high) number than anywhere else in the world.二阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式．The makeup of British families has changed___36___（rapid） over the last two hundred years． The traditional family structure （结构）before the Industrial Revolution was the extended family in___37___three generations lived under one roof． The early twentieth century saw the___38___（ grow） of the nuclear family﹣parents and a small number of___39___（child） would form a single family． In the last thirty years， however， the UK___40___（ see） a breakdown of the typical nuclear family．Increased divorce rates， later marriage and a move away from marriage altogether have resulted___41___new forms of family； divorced parents will develop new relationships and take their kids with them． A survey___42___（ conduct） by researchers shows that over 50% of kids are now born to parents who are not married．Some minority communities stick to the extended family structure， and it is common___43___（find） that three generations are living together in an Indian family． They say that apart from strengthening traditional family ties，___44___can provide security for older people when they cannot work anymore． They believe that the phenomenon of other old people living in care homes___45___（indicate） that many old people in the wider community are abandoned in their old age．三阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Senior citizens are the first to come to our mind when you think of hearing loss,  but in a recent report,  hearing professionals worry teenagers will soon outnumber aging adults ___36___ it comes to living with hearing loss.The rise in popularity of personal audio devices from iPods to smart phones has had dangerous effect on the ears of those who use them most,  teenagers! A research ___37___ (conduct) by the World Health Organization finds that nearly 50% of teens ___38___ (fall) into the habit of exposing themselves to unsafe levels of sound so far.A sound is considered unsafe when it goes beyond 85 decibels (分贝). At that level, it takes just 8 hours of listening over your lifetime to cause damage. The louder the sound is, the ___39___ (little) time it takes to cause damage. Because hearing loss is ___40___ (typical) considered a health problem for the elderly, it is difficult to convince already stubborn teenagers that they really are doing damage ___41___ their ears.Young adults ___42___ have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms. Their ___43___ (able) to learn is compromised, and they may have difficulty developing social skills.In an effort to help teens better protect their hearing, we suggest ___44___ (set) volume limits on personal audio devices. ___45___ is also good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest.四阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。When Victor Gao was growing up in rural China in ___36___1970s, cars and trucks were so rare that he would chase them with the other children through the dirt roads, ___37___(thrill) by the strange sight. Today, China is the world’s largest automobile producer, ___38___more than double the capacity(产能) of the United States."I never ___39___(expect) that an ordinary Chinese family would own a car and China would be a major automobile making country," Gao said, "It would be ___40___(complete) beyond my wildest dreams that China would produce more automobiles than the US."December 18, 2018 marks four ___41___(decade) since China started the process, ___42___would transform it from a poor country into an economic superpower. This era of great change ___43___(know) broadly as "Reform and Opening". At the beginning of the reform era, China’s GDP was just under $150 billion. Today, it has sharply increased to over $12 trillion(万亿), following only the United States. China holds about 10% of global wealth. In the last 20 years alone, wealth per adult has quadrupled(成四倍), ___44___(leave) fewer than 1% of the population in extreme poverty(贫困). China now has 600 billionaires, a ___45___(high) number than anywhere else in the world.五阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Truth about WhiskyWhisky is probably ___36___ most famous product of Scotland. Whisky making provides work ____37____ several thousand people in the Scottish Highlands and islands, and whisky is Scotland's biggest goods _____38_____ (sell) to every corner of the world.The qualities of whisky come from the water which _____39_____ (use) to make it the rich "peaty"(多泥炭的) water of Scotland. When whisky is first made, it is _____40_____ (actual) clear, not brown in colour. The colour comes from the wooden _____41_____ (container) in which the whisky is stored for several years to allow it _____42_____ (mature) from a little added sugar.For many years, whisky has been one of the most popular drinks all over the world, and Scotland _____43_____ (produce) more and more of it so far. But whisky sales have not increased as fast, so there are now large reserves of whisky in Scotland, especially the better and _____44_____ (much) expensive whisky. So a lot of the whisky sold today was made several years ago when people thought that whisky would get more and more popular. That is _____45_____, today, a lot of the whisky in the shops is marked with "Ten years old", or even "Fifteen years old".