专题17.特殊句式（初高考点差异及衔接）（解析版）-2023年初升高英语无忧衔接

特殊句式（初高考点差异及衔接）

【初中特殊句式考点聚焦】

考点一　疑问句

1.—　　　 did you work out the problem in such a short time? 

—With Mr.Li’s help.

答案　How　句意:——你是如何在如此短的时间内解答出这道难题的?——在李老师的帮助下。考查特殊疑问词。通过答句可知,问的是怎样做出来的。

2.—　　　 is your father?Does he still work as an engineer? 

—Yes,he has been an engineer for thirty years.

答案　What　句意:——你爸爸是做什么工作的?他还做工程师吗?——是的,他已经做了30年的工程师了。本题考查疑问词。由语境可知设空处所在的句子询问职业,相当于“What does your father do?”。

考点二　陈述句、祈使句和感叹句

1.Simon, 　　　(推)hard when I tell you to. 

答案　push　句意:Simon,当我叫你推的时候,使劲推。本题考查祈使句,设空处用动词原形。

2.—So far,Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.

—　　　 fast he runs! 

答案　How　句意:——到目前为止,苏炳添是唯一一个不足10秒完成一百米赛跑的中国人。——他跑得好快啊!本题考查感叹句。设空处后的fast是副词,在感叹句中how修饰副词。

3.　　　 important it is for kids to imagine freely! 

答案　How　句意:对于孩子们来说自由想象是多么重要啊!本题考查感叹句。感叹句的结构为“What+(a/an+)形容词+名词+主语+谓语!”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”。

4.—What programme is so attractive?

—The guard of honor(仪仗队)of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square.

—　　　 an exciting event! 

答案　What　句意:——什么节目如此吸引人?——中国人民解放军仪仗队在红场参加阅兵式。——多么令人激动的事啊!本题考查感叹句。中心词是名词event, 因此要使用what引导感叹句。

【高中特殊句式考点聚焦】

考纲解读

在特殊句式中倒装句是高考的热点, 强调句是高考的难点。同时, 祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象, 如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句, 把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等的考查融合在一起, 考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。

考点清单

　　考生需要关注的重要特殊句式有:  倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句等。

(一)倒装句

1. 全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)

*Out rushed a cat from under the table.

*Such was Albert Einstein,  a simple but great scientist. 

2. 部分倒装

(助动词/系动词be/情态动词提到主语前)

续表

*Only in this way can you solve this problem.

*Never before have I seen such a moving film.

*Not only was he forced to stay home,  but (also) he had to do his homework.

【点津】

(1)there,  here,  now,  then,  up,  down,  in,  away,  off,  out等副词置于句首,  但主语为人称代词时,  不用倒装。

(2)only修饰主语置于句首时,  不用倒装。

(3)若两个主语一致时,  则表示同意以上观点,  不能倒装,  此时so表示“的确如此”,  即用so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词。

(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,  通常用“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same with. . . ”。

(5)Neither. . . nor. . . “……既不……,  ……也不……”,  连接两个并列分句时,  这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。

(6)though引导让步状语从句时,  可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。

(二)强调句

1. 强调句

(1)It is/was. . . that/who可以对除谓语以外的成分进行强调。当强调部分为“人”时,  可用that或who,  其他情况下用that。

*It was Belorussian writer Svetlana Alexievich who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for Literature.

(2)在强调句中,  当强调主语时,  其后的谓语动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

*It is White and Betty who often do good deeds for the old lady.

(3)如果原句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时,  强调句结构须用:  It is. . . that/who. . . ;  如果原句的谓语动词是过去时态,  则强调句结构须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。

(4)“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。

*It was not until 11 o’clock last night that he went to bed.

(5)强调句型的一般疑问句形式:  Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?

*Was it in 1939 that World War Ⅱ broke out? 

(6)强调句的特殊疑问句句型为:  疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? 

*Where was it that you met Jack yesterday? 

2.  谓语动词的强调

(1)do/does/did+动词原形。

*Do come here this evening.

(2)“never+助动词do”也常用来表示强调,  一般意为“从来没有,  绝不”。

【点津】强调句型与3大从句的辨析

续表

(三)省略句的5种类型

1. 宾语从句

①引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,  只有第一个连词that可省略。

*He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.

②I’m afraid,  I think,  I believe,  I hope,  I guess等作答语,  后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定,  宾语从句可省略。

*—Do you think it will rain? 

—I hope not (that it will not rain).

2. 定语从句

①在限制性定语从句中,  关系代词that,  which,  whom充当宾语,  而且前面无介词时可省略。

*He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.

②the way后的定语从句常省略关系词that或in which,  the time后的定语从句常省略关系词that或when。

*I don’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to others.

3. 状语从句

 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,  且从句谓语中有be动词时,  可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。

*When (it is) faced with so many options,  the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.

4. 虚拟语气

在虚拟条件句中,  如含有had,  were,  should,  if可省略,  句子要用倒装。

*Were I (=If I were) twenty now,  I would join the army.

5. 动词不定式

①不定式符号to的省略: 

a. 感官动词或使役动词(如feel,  see,  hear,  notice,  let,  make,  have等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to。

*I heard someone sing in the next room.

b. 在do nothing but,  can’t help but,  why not,  would rather. . . than. . . ;  prefer to do. . . rather than. . . 等句型中省略to。

*He did nothing but wait all the time.

②不定式省略: 

a. 使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式,  常在be afraid,  expect,  forget,  hope,  intend,  like,  love,  mean,  prefer,  refuse,  seem,  try,  want,  wish等后面。

*I asked him to see the film,  but he didn’t want to.

b. 在某些形容词glad,  happy,  pleased,  delighted等后面使用不定式符号to来代替整个不定式。

*—Will you join in the game? 

—I’d be glad to.

c. 如果不定式中含有be,  have,  have been,  通常保留be,  have和have been。

*—Are you a sailor? 

—No,  but I used to be. 

(四)祈使句

1. 否定式:  在动词前面加don’t。

2. 强调式:  肯定句在其前加do,  否定句在其前加never。

3. 带有主语的祈使句: 为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求、吩咐几个人分头做几件事时须加主语“you”,  有时还可同时加称呼语。

(五)反意疑问句

1. 陈述部分含有must: 

(1)当must作“必须”讲时,  其反意疑问词用needn’t;  当含有mustn’t(不允许、禁止)时,  其反意疑问词用must/may。

(2)当must表示推测时,  其反意疑问词同去掉must还原之后的句子所使用的反意疑问词一致。

2. 陈述部分含有used to:  其反意疑问词用usedn’t或didn’t。

3. 陈述部分含有ought to:  其反意疑问词用oughtn’t或shouldn’t。

4. 陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词:  反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。

5. 陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词:  其反意疑问部分的动词一般用否定形式。

6. 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时: 反意疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致,  但如果主句的谓语动词是think,  believe,  suppose,  guess,  expect,  imagine等,  且主语为第一人称时, 反意疑问部分的主语和助动词与宾语从句保持一致。

(六)感叹句

1. How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语! 

2. How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 

3. How+主语+谓语! 

4. What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! 

5. What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! 

6. What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语! 

7. What+名词+主语+谓语! 

单句语法填空

What’s more,  it was your constant encouragement ______inspired me to be confident.  

解题关键: 根据语境可知, 此处为强调句, 应用that构成“It is/was. . . that. . . ”结构。

答案判定: that

1.The professor warned the students that on no account                 mobile phones in his class.  

教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。

2. It is biological age                       our health and ultimately our lifespan.  

是生物年龄决定了我们的健康, 最终决定了我们的寿命。

3. Only on special occasions                              and let us hold it in our hands.  

只有在特殊情况下他们才会把它拿出来让我们把它放在我们的手中。

4. You must keep these points in mind                                       .  

在设定目标时, 你必须牢记这些要点。

1.should they use 2. that determines3.would they take it out4.while (you are) setting your goals

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1.               is no doubt that human activity,  which does great harm to the environment,  is the main cause.

2.             (get)to the top of the tower building,  and you can see the whole city.

3. In that way, World Read Aloud Day             (do)help make a difference.

4. Only then                (do) we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.

5. Now, just in front of the house             (stand)a tall tree with a history of 100 years.

6. Only at dinnertime             (be) we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.

7. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do           benefits our work most.

1.There 2.Get3.does4.did5.stands6.are 7.that

Ⅱ.  单句改错

1. When taken exams,  we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.

2. As is known to us all,  some students have breakfast regularly while others don’t.  There is several reasons.  

3. It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed me from trouble and made my work more efficient.

4. Once upon a time,  it was a boy whose parents named him Odd.  

5. My dear friends,  don’t afraid of problems, but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.  

1.(taken改为taking)2.(第二个is改为are)3.(which改为that)4.(it改为there)5.(don’t后加be)