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考点03 介词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版）
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这是一份考点03 介词（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（教师版），共41页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略，表状态的介词短语，介词短语的意义， 介词短语的意义辨析，介词的特殊意义， 介词的意义辨析，介词与名词的辨析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点02 介词（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
介词
新高考I卷
2023
by
2022
as
2021
新高考II卷
2023
with
2022
2021
from
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查共计4次，主要考查：
1．常用介词的基本用法；
2．短语中的介词；
【备考策略】熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法；重点在句子中或在语篇中训练介词的用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对介词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查介词短语的基本用法，根据习惯用法或固定句型确定介词。
1.单个介词的意义
aboard搭乘（飞机、列车、轮船等）
about关于；向各处；在……附近
above在……之上；在……上游；超过……程度
across 从表面穿过；在……对面；在(身体某部位)上
①He swam across the river.
他游过河。
②There's a bank right across the street.
街对面就有一家银行。
③A big smile spread across her face.
她脸上洋溢着开心的笑容。
after在……之后；追赶；仿照
against与……相反；与……对抗；与……逆向；倚靠；以 ……为背景；为防备;违背；反对；对……不利；倚靠；衬托
①She was forced to go there against her will.
她被迫去那里。
②I won't have you say anything against my teacher.
我不容许你说老师的坏话。
③The evidence is against him.
证据对他不利。
④Put the ladder against the wall.
把梯子靠着墙放置。
⑤The white building looks beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天衬托下，这栋白楼很漂亮。
along沿着；循着
among在……中间；在……内部；被……所环绕；……之中的一个
around环绕；在……周围；在……四处；绕过；将近
as当作；作为；充当
at 在(地点、时间、空间)；以(某种价格、速度等)；朝
①At school, we always had a lot of afterclass activities.
在学校我们总是有很多课外活动。
②School is over at 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
下午四点放学。
③The train goes at a speed of 120 km/ph.
火车时速每小时120公里。
④Don't shout at me.
不要朝我大声嚷嚷。
before在……之前；比……早；比……先
behind在……之后；落后于
below在……之下；在……的下游；低于
beneath在……之下
beside在……旁边；在……附近
besides除了……之外；除却
between在……之间
beyond 超出……的范围；为……所不及；除了；在……的另一边
①The beauty of the West Lake is beyond words/beyond description.
西湖美景无法用语言描述。
②The big fire was beyond their control.
他们无法控制大火。
③He appears to have almost no personal staff, beyond a secretary who can't make coffee.
他看来似乎没有任何雇员，除了一个连咖啡都不会煮的秘书。
④The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。
but除了……之外；除外
by 被；表示程度或增减的幅度；按……来计算；经由；乘(交通工具)；在……之前
①I was attacked by a dog.
我被一条狗袭击。
②We defeated the visiting team by 3 goals.
我们以三个球的优势击败来访的球队。
③The cleaners get paid by the hour.
清洁工按小时计算工资。
④He went out by the back door.
他从后门出去的。
⑤He goes to school by bike.
他骑车上学。
⑥I'll have it done by tomorrow.
我将于明天之前让人做完这件事。
despite 尽管(后接名词短语或宾语从句)
①They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
尽管天气恶劣，他们仍然过了一个愉快的假期。
②Despite what others say, I think he is a very nice boy.
不管别人说什么，我认为这个孩子不错。
down向下；往下；沿着
during在……期间；在……之间
except除……之外
for 给；对；为；为了得到；对……来说；多达；向；支持；表示
①I have a present for you.
我有个礼物给你。
②The doctor knew that there was nothing he could do for her.
医生知道自己无能为力帮不了她。
③I paid $3 for the ticket.
我花三美元买了张票。
④She looks young for her age.
就她这个年龄来说，她显得年轻。
⑤We have been talking for a good half hour.
我们足足谈了半小时。
⑥I set off for work.
我动身去上班。
⑦We have studied the arguments for and against nuclear energy.
我们研究了支持和反对核能的论点。
⑧What's the French for “happy”？
法语“开心”怎么讲？
from从……；自从……；出自；因为
in在……之中；在……时候；在……之后；在……状态下；在……方面；穿着；戴着
①She looked in her bag, but her keys were not there.
她朝她的手提包里看了看，但钥匙不在里面。
②Leaves change colour in autumn.
树叶在秋天改变颜色。
③The street is about a mile in length.
这条街长约一英里。
④In all the confusion, it is quite possible that some people got tickets without paying.
在混乱中极有可能有人没付钱就得到票了。
inside在……里面；在……内
into进入……内；往……里；变为
like像
minus减去
near在……近旁；接近
of是……的；……之中的；由……制成的；有……性质的
off 远离；从……上移开；在……附近；休息；减价
①Once we were off the main freeway, the trip felt more like a vacation.
我们一离开主高速公路，这次旅行感觉就更像是一次度假了。
②Keep off the grass.
勿踏草坪。
③There are a lot of islands off the coast.
沿海有很多岛屿。
④You look tired. Why don't you take tomorrow off?
你很憔悴。为什么明天不休息一天呢？
⑤If you buy more than ten, they knock 10% off.
如果你买十个以上，他们打九折。
on 在……上；一……就……；关于；是……一员；在具体的某一天
①Some children are playing on the playground.
一些孩子在操场上玩耍。
②On his arrival, he began to work.
他一到达就开始工作。
③This is a book on history.
这是一本历史书。
④He was on a research team.
他是研究队中的一员。
⑤On a cold evening, he paid a visit to a farmer's house in the village.
在一个寒冷的夜里，他去村里一户农民家拜访。
onto到……之上
opposite在……的对面
outside在……的外面
over 在……上；超过；多于；在……期间；俯视；胜过；通过
①He sprinkled sugar over his cereal.
他在麦片粥里撒上了糖.
②They have advantages over the students in faraway villages.
他们比偏远村庄的学生有优势。
③She stayed in New York for over a month.
她在纽约待了一个多月。
④They will have a party over the weekend.
周末他们有个聚会。
⑤The doctor bent over the patient in bed, asking if he was feeling any better.
医生在病床边弯下腰，询问病人是否好些了。
⑥She had great personal influence and power over her followers.
她对自己的追随者有强大的个人影响力和操纵力。
⑦I don't want to talk about this over the telephone.
我不想在电话里谈论此事。
past经过；超过
per每……；每一……
plus加；加上
round绕……一周；绕行于……四周
since自从；从……以来
through 从内部穿过；透过
①They walked through the thick forest.
他们步行穿过茂密的森林。
②He could just make out three people through the mist.
透过薄雾他勉强能看出有三个人。
throughout遍及于……；整个……期间；从头到尾
till/until直到……；到……为止
to向……；到……；面向
towards朝……方向；走向……；对于……
under在……之下；未满；受……管辖；正在……之中
up往上；登上
with 用(具体的工具)；附带有，具有；和；随着
①Please write with a pencil. 请用铅笔写。
②He is a man with a strong will. 他是一个意志坚强的人。
③I have an appointment with Dr Black, but I need to change it. 我和布莱克博士有约，但是我得改一下时间。
④With the final exam approaching, the students are working harder.随着期末考试临近，同学们学习更努力了。
within 在……之内；在……里面
①We should have the test results within 24 hours.
我们24小时内出化验结果。
②The noise seems to be coming from within the building.
吵闹声像是从楼房里传出来的。
without 没有；在没有……的情况下
①We couldn't have finished the task without your timely help.
如果没有你们的及时帮忙，我们完不成任务。
②Without so much as a word of thanks, Ben turned and went back into the office.
本连一个谢字也没有，转身就回到了办公室。
（单个介词的用法）
（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
1．(2023•北京清华附中高三阶段检测)________ one peaceful morning, I begged my mom to let me go outside.
【答案】On
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：在一个平静的早晨，我请求我妈妈让我出去。在具体的某一天的早上，用on，此处位于句首，故填On。
2．(2023•云南师大附中高三阶段检测)________ the flower market, the orchids are worth at least 10，000 dollars each.
【答案】At
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：在花卉上，兰花至少值1万美元。此处at指：小地点。意为：在花市场。注意首字母要大写。故填At。
3．(2023•山东省齐鲁名校高三大联考)An employer might be asked to answer a problem ________ thinking like another member of their team.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：雇主可能会被要求像团队的另一个成员一样思考来回答问题。此处by意为：通过……方式。故填by。
4．(2023•河北省唐山市高三检测)I did feel a sense of loss ________ not becoming an academic educator, and I worried I'd be letting down the people.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：我确实为没有成为一名学术教育工作者感到了一种失落感，我担心我会让人们失望。此处for表示原因。故填for。
2.复合介词的意义
according to根据
along with随同……一起；除了……之外
apart/aside from除……之外
as a result of因为；由于
as a consequence of因为
because of因为；由于
on account of因为
due to由于；因为
owing to由于；因为
thanks to由于；幸亏
as for/to至于；关于；就……而言
as with至于；与……一样
but for要不是……的话
by means of以……方式；借着……
except for除……之外
in addition to加之；除了……之外
in case of万一；在有……情形时
in/by comparison with与……相较；较之
in contrast to与……相比
contrary to违反……；与……相对
for fear of以免……；以防…．
in spite of虽然；尽管
instead of代替；而不
out of出于；因为
regardless of不顾；不管
with/as regard to关于
in terms of用……字眼；用……措词；从……观点；从…的角度
as opposed to与……相对；而不是
（复合介词的用法）
(2022•全国乙卷)Maybe it is because ________ the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、舒缓动作和体育锻炼相混合的结果。because后面接从句；而because of后面接名词短语。故填of。
(2022•新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead ________ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：所以没有把他绑起来，我只是密切盯着他。instead of “而不是，代替”。故填of。
3.表状态的介词短语
at work在工作
at play在玩耍
at war在交战
at lunch在吃午饭
at table在吃饭
at rest在休息
in use在使用中
in store贮藏着；准备着
in shape身体良好的；健康的
in place适当的；在适当位置的
in order井井有条的；有序的
in need穷困的；贫穷的
in debt欠债的；欠人情的
in danger处于危险中的；有危险的
in peace平安的；安心的
on duty在值班
on show/exhibition在展览中
on fire着火的；燃烧着的；兴奋的
on strike在罢工
on sale在出售；廉价出售
on holiday在度假
on leave在休假中
under discussion在讨论中
under construction在建设中
under arrest被捕；被拘留的
under repair在维修中；在修复中
under investigation在调查中
under way在进行中，在举行
4.介词短语的意义
at the age of 5;at age 5;at 5在5岁时
at one’s service随时为某人服务；听凭某人的吩咐
at (the) sight of当看到……时
at first sight乍一看；初看起来
at a loss茫然；不知所措
at all costs不惜一切代价
at the cost of以……为代价
at any rate无论如何；至少
at hand在手边；在附近
at the mercy of任凭……摆布
at the expense of以……为代价；由……付费
by the age of 5；by age 5到5岁时
by means of用；依靠
by all means当然可以；尽一切办法；务必
by no means决不；并没有
by way of经由；通过……方法
by and by不久；迟早
by chance/accident偶然；碰巧
by mistake错误地；无意地
by far最；……得多
by hand用手；用体力
for sale出售的；待售的
for free免费地
for nothing免费的；白费地
for ever/good永远；永久地
for the sake of为了；为了……的利益
in advance预先；事先
in between介于两者之间
in brief简单地说
in detail详细地
in general--般来说；大体上
in line with与……一致
in particular特别；尤其
in relation to关于；涉及
in return作为报答；作为回报
in return for作为对……报答
in the way挡道
in turn依次；轮流；转而
in vain徒劳；白费力
on a large/small scale大／小规模地
on (an/the) average平均；通常
on behalf of代表
on business因公
on hand在场；在手边
on purpose故意地
on second thoughts经重新考虑
on the go忙碌
on the point of即将……的时刻
out of date过时的
out of order出故障的
out of place不适当的
out of practice久不练习；荒疏
out of sight看不见；在视野外
out of touch不联系；不接触
above all首先；尤其是
after all毕竟；究竟
ahead of time提前
far from远非；远离
once in a while偶尔
to the point切中要害；切题
up to date最新式的，紧跟时代潮流的
up to多达；取决于
（复合介词的用法）
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里你会发现它们的准备方式有所不同——更多的饺子和少许的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。
1．(2023•海南省北师大万宁附中高三模拟演练)Then when the businessmen did business, they could use that paper instead ________ having to carry a truckload of coins around.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。句意：后来，当商人做生意的时候，他们就能用纸币，就不用带着一车硬币到处跑。此处考查介词短语instead of，意为：而不是。故填of
2．(2023•福建省泉州市高三质量检测)Thanks ________ cuttingedge digital technology, the virtual model is “detailed to millimeters”．
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。句意：多亏了尖端的数字技术，致使虚拟模型能具体到毫米。考查短语thanks to意为：幸亏，多亏。故填to。
3．(2023•四川省内江市高三考试)According ________ a new study from the Mac Arthur Research Network on an Aging Society, by 2050 Americans may live 3.1 to 7.9 years longer than the government expects.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。句意：根据一项新的来自Mac Arthur Research Network的关于老年社会的研究显示：截止到2050年，美国人的平均年龄比政府预期的要长增长3.1到7.9岁。考查短语according to意为：根据。故填to。
5. 介词短语的意义辨析
at a time一次；同时；连续地
at one time曾经；一次；同时
at the same time同时；但是
at times有时；偶尔
at no time从不；决不
in time及时；迟早；合拍子
on time准时；按时
in no time立即；一下子
from time to time偶尔
for the time being暂时
for a moment片刻；一会儿
for the moment目前；暂时
at the moment此刻；正当那时
in a moment马上；一会儿后
at the beginning of在……之初；在……开头
in the beginning最初；起初
at the end of在……末；在……结束时
in the end最后
on one's own独自；靠自己
of one's own自己的；特有的
(all) by oneself (alone; without help)
独自一人；单独地；独自地
to oneself (not shared with anyone)
独享的；独自拥有的；只给自己
for oneself亲自
of oneself自动地
in oneself本身
in words用语言；用言语
in word口头上
in a/one word总而言之；一言以蔽之
with words用语言
with these/the words说完后
in other words换句话说
with pleasure(口语)当然了；很愿意；愿意为您效劳
for pleasure为了玩；为了取乐
6.介词的特殊意义
1．above有“超出（某种能力）”之意。
His bravery to save the child from drowning is above
praise.他拯救溺水小孩的勇气非言辞所能赞扬。
This book is far/well above me.
这本书的内容太深，我看不懂。
2．against有“违背，违逆，反对，对……不利，倚靠，碰撞，预防，衬托”之意。
She was forced to marry against her will.
她被迫违背自己的心愿嫁了人。
We were rowing against the current.
我们划船逆流而上。
Are you for or against the death penalty?
你赞成还是反对死刑？
The evidence is against him.
证据对他不利。
Put the piano there, against the wall.
把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。
They took precautions against fire.
他们采取了防火措施。
Her red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
她的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。
3．among有“在其中，是……之一”之意。
A British woman was among the survivors.
幸存者中有一位英国妇女。
He was among the last to leave.
他是最后离开者之一。
4．at可表示“年龄、速度、比率、价格”。
She came up to Beijing at eighteen.
她在18岁时来到北京。
The train was traveling at 100 kilometres an hour.
那火车以时速100公里行驶。
The noise came at two-minute intervals.
每两分钟传来一次吵闹声。
I bought these shirts at 30 dollars each.
我以每件30美元的价格买下了这些衬衫。
5．beyond可表示“范围、限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control. 他是个顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。
This problem is far beyond my ability.这个问题远超过我的能力之外。
常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/
one's power/one's reach无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不相信、管不了、够不着
6．by表“时间”时，意为“在……之前，不迟于”，多与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。
I have to go back by ten o'clock．我十点前得回去。
Will you please finish the work by Friday?
请你星期五之前完成这项工作，好吗？
The train had left by the time we got to the station.
我们到达车站时，火车已离开。
By the time the letter reaches you l will have left the
country．到你收到这封信的时候，我已离开这个国家。
★by可表示“方式、手段”，意为“借、靠”，后接动名词。
What do you mean by saying that?
你那话是什么意思？
He taught himself to play the violin by practising all
night.他通过整夜训练自学拉小提琴。
★by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”。
She is taller than me by three centimeters.
她比我高三公分。
We defeated the visiting team by 3 goals.
我们以三球的优势战胜了客队。
The population of this town increased by five percent last
year.去年，这个城镇的人口增加了5%。
The bullet missed him by two inches.
子弹差一点点打中他。
House prices went up by 10~.
房价上涨了10%。
★by可表“单位”，意为“按；以……计；依据”，此时，by之后表单位的名词通常加the。
I am paid by the hour．我是按小时拿工资的。
Is this cloth sold by the metre?这种布是按米出售的吗？
7．despite意为“不管，尽管”，后接名词短语或名词性从句。
They had a wonderful holiday,despite the bad weather.
尽管天气不好，但他们仍过了一个愉快的假期。
Despite what others say,I think he~s a very nice guy.
不管别人说什么，我认为他是个好孩子。
8．for可表示价值交换，意为“以……金额”。
I bought this set of coffee cups for$20.
★for有“就……而言；从……来看”之意。
It is quite warm for February.
就二月的天气而言，这算是相当暖和的了。
She looks young for her age.
就她的年龄而言，她显得很年轻。
He is quite tall for his age.
从他的年龄来看，他个子已是很高了。
★for all意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于in spite of。
For all his efforts, he still came last.
尽管他很努力，还是落了个最后一名。
She still loves him for all that.
尽管如此，她还是爱他。
9．off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海里”之意。
They lived in a little house off Harbour Street.
他们住在离哈伯大街不远处的一个小房子里。
My house is off the main road.我家离大路不远。
The ship sank a mile off that island.
那艘船在离这个小岛一英里的地方沉没了。
10. on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动名词。
They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.
他一到达，就受到他们的热烈欢迎。
On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by the police.
他一到达飞机场就被警察逮捕了。
Upon his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest.
从欧洲刚回来，他就立刻着手工作。
Upon hearing from you,I shall let her know.
收到你的来信，我就会立刻告诉她。
11. over可表示“时间”，意为“在…．“期间；直到……结束”。
Over the next few days they got to know the town well.
在以后几天中，他们逐渐熟悉了这个小镇。
She has been ill in bed over the past week.
在过去的这个星期里，她一直卧病在床。
We stayed in New York over Christmas.
我们在纽约一直待到过了圣诞节。
★over有“一边……，一边”之意。
We discussed it over a bottle of wine.
我们一边喝酒一边讨论这件事。
We had a chat over lunch．
我们一边吃饭一边交谈。
★-over有“覆于……之上；蒙在……之上；遮住”之意。
She put a blanket over the sleeping child.
她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。
He put his hand over his mouth when he yawned.
他打哈欠时用手遮住嘴巴。
★-over有“越过；跨过”之意。
The horse jumped over the fence.
那匹马跃过了栅栏。
★over有“俯视；俯瞰”之意。
They had a wonderful view over the park.
他们把公园的美景尽收眼底。
The doctor bent over the patient in bed, asking if he was feeling any better．
医生弯腰俯视着病床上的病人，问他是否感觉好点儿了。
12．within可表示“范围、程度”。
Medicine should not be left within reach of small children.
药品不可留在幼儿伸手可及的范围内。
They finally came within sight of the shore.
他们终于来到看得见海岸的地方。
It wasn't within my power to help her.
帮助她并非我力所能及之事。
13. given可作介词，意为“考虑到”。
Given the circumstances,you've coped well.
考虑到各种情况，你已经算是处理得很好了。
Given that there was so little time,I think they've done a good job.考虑到没有多少时间，我认为他们算是做得不错了。
7. 介词的意义辨析
1．across/opposite在……对面
across指在街道、河流等的对面或指田野、房间、大厅等的另一边、另一头。opposite指在某人或某建筑物的对面，表示与之相对。
There is a bank right across the street.
街对面就有一家银行。
I saw Jack across the room.
我看到杰克在房间的那一头。
I sat opposite him during the meal.
席间我坐在他的对面。
The bank is opposite the supermarket.
银行在超市的正对面。
2．across/through穿过
across指从某一平面上横穿过去到达另一端，也可指从某物上面跨越过去。through多指贯穿或穿透某物而过去，也可指从树林、建筑群、人群、城市、洞穴等之中穿过去。当表示消息被传播开时，用across或throughout。
Where is the nearest bridge across the river?
过河最近的桥在哪儿？
He walked across the field．他走过田野。
The news spread across the city.
此消息传遍了全城。
The burglar went in through the window.
盗贼是从窗户进来的。
The bullet went straight through him.
子弹从他身上穿了过去。
The path led through the trees to the river.
这条小路穿过树林通向河边。
The doctor pushed his way through the crowd.
医生挤过人群。
3. like/as像，和……一样
like作“像”解时是介词，后跟名词或代词，而as作“像”解时是连词，后跟从句或介词短语。另外，as作介词时意为“作为，担任，如同”，多与动词搭配构成短语。
He has blue eyes like me.他和我一样有一对蓝眼睛。
She enjoys all kinds of music,as I do.
她和我一样什么音乐都喜欢。
Repeat these five steps, as in the last exercise.
照前面的练习一样，重复这五个步骤。
1 spoke to him like a father.我像位父亲般地与他讲话。
I spoke to him as a father.我以父亲的身份与他讲话。
4．from/since(表示时间)从……起，从……以来
from后接一点时间时，与一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时态连用。since后接一点时间时，则通常用于现在完成时态。
We work from Monday to Friday.
我们从星期一工作到星期五。
I'll be in my office from nine o'clock.
我9点以后会在办公室。
He was blind from birth.他天生失明。
I have been in this business since 1980.
自1980年以来，我一直在从事这个工作。
I haven't written home since Christmas.
自圣诞节以来，我还未给家里写过信。
5．after/in《表示时间）在……之后
after后接一段时间时，和一般过去时态连用；后接一点时间时，可与一般将来时态连用。in后只接一段时间，要与一般将来时态连用。
The lost child was found after two days.
两天后，那个丢失的孩子找到了。
I'll go and pick up my daughter from school after 5 0'clock.
五点后我要到学校接女儿。
I'll call back in 5 minutes.我5分钟后回电话。
I'll come back in a week.一星期后我就回来。
He came back after a week.他一周后回来了。
6．until/by(表示时间)到……时
until后接一点时间时，在肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须是持续性动词，否则就要用否定句，通常与一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时态连用。而by后接一点时间时，谓语动词须是瞬时动词，可与一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时态连用，但多与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。
We are open until 6 0'clock.我们营业到6点。
He didn't come back until3 0'clock.
直到3点他才回来。
I will wait here until 10 0'clock tomorrow.
我会在这儿等到明天10点。
She arrived by Christmas.
她是圣诞节前来到的。
I have to go back by ten o'clock.
我10点之前得回去。
Will you please finish the work by Friday?
请你星期五之前把这项工作做完好吗？
1 will have retired by the year 2015.
到2015年我就退休了。
He had learned 3 languages by the age of 16.
到16岁时，他已学会三门语言。
8.介词与名词的辨析
(an/the) approach to sth.通往……的路，学习……的方法
(one's) attitude to/toward...（某人）对待……的态度
have belief in信仰，信赖
have advantage over...对……有优势
make contributions to...对……做出贡献
congratulations on...对……的祝贺
have a gift for.，，对……有天赋，在……方面有才能
on that occasion在那种场合
in/under such circumstances在这种情况下，情形既然如此
in that case既然那样，假若那样的话
with one's help/support/permission/guidance在某人的帮助／支持／允许／指导下
under on&s leadership在某人的领导下
out of one's reach手不能及
within one，s reach伸手可及
be in contact/touch with与……有联系
by chance/accident偶然地，意外地
by mistake错误地（因粗心、遗忘所致）
9.介词与形容词的辨析
be absent from缺席，不在场
be active in积极参与……
be accessible to sb．对某人来说是可接近的、可亲的、可用的
be cross with sb．生某人的气，恼怒某人
be adequate to/for sth．适合……的
be afraid of害怕，担忧
be allergic to对……过敏，讨厌……
be angry with sb．at/for sth.因某事而生某人的气
be anxious about/for为……感到担忧
be ashamed of对……感到羞愧
be available to对……是可用的
be available for sth.有空做某事
be aware of意识到
be bored with对……感到厌烦
be busy with忙于……
be careful of对……小心，当心，警惕
be cautious of/about对……小心谨慎
be certain of/about对…“：确信，肯定
be confident of对……有信心，有把握
be considerate of/to sb.为某人着想，为某人考虑周到
be content with对……感到满意
be convenient to/for sb.对某人是方便的
be crazy about热衷于……，对……着迷
be curious about对……感到好奇
be different from与……不同
be eager for渴望……，对……热心
be enthusiastic about对……热情
be equal to等于……，与……相等
be familiar with熟悉……，通晓……
be familiar to为……所熟知的
be famous for因……而出名
be famous as作为……而出名
be far from远离；一点也不
be fond of喜爱
be free from/of不受……的伤害，不受……的影响
be full of充满…．．
be guilty of对……有罪责
be happy with对……感到满意
be junior to比……年龄小，较……地位低
be late for迟到
be loyal to对……忠诚，忠于……
be mistaken about...误会……
be optimistic about对……乐观
be patient with sb．对某人有耐心，容忍某人
be particular about对……挑剔
be popular with受……的欢迎或喜爱
be present at出席，在场
be proud of为……感到自豪
be punctual for sth.准时做某事
be reliable on依赖，依靠
be rich in盛产……
be senior to较……年长，（级别，权力等）较……高
be sensitive to易受……的影响，对……敏感
be serious about对……认真
be short of不够……，缺乏……
be sick of厌倦……，腻烦……
be similar to与……相似
be strict with对……严格
be strict in在……方面要求严厉
be suitable for对……适合，适宜于
be sure of/about对……有把握
be suspicious of有……疑心，怀疑
be tired of对……厌烦
be tired with因……而感到疲劳
be true to忠实于……，符合……
be worried about为……担心
be worthy of值得……
1．(2023•江苏省南通市高三阶段检测)Over the years, many of the neighbors got familiar ________ us.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：多少年来，许多邻居都和我们熟悉了。此处考查短语get familiar with。故填with。
2．(2023•浙江省天高教育共同体第一次联考)Islands are different ________ a continent or mainland.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：岛屿和大陆不同。此处考查短语be different from与……不同。故填from。
3．(2023•湖南省邵阳市第二中学高三检测)I was absorbed ________ my wild thought, wondering whether he was also a tender father.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：我沉浸在狂想之中，想知道他是否是一个温柔的父亲。此处考查短语be absorbed in意为：沉浸在……，陶醉于……。故填in。
4.（2020新课标II卷）Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】Delicate and sensitive __________ the touch, Deng’s brilliant pieces are a sight to see. The red and pink mixture of colors and lighting surrounding the vases represent Chinese happiness and Western passion, attracting East and West in the same narrative, on the same canvas (画布).
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：邓的作品触感细腻、精美，令人叹为观止。此处为短语be sensitive to表示“对……敏感”。故填to。
2．(2023•福建省泉州市高三质量检测)My mother was very angry ________ me; she said I should have been more responsible.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：我母亲对我非常生气；她说我本应该更负责任。此处考查短语be angry with sb对……生气。故填with。
10.动词与介词的搭配
1．动词+ about
speak/talk about谈论
think about思考
care about关心，对……感兴趣
bring about引起，使发生
set about着手，开始
come about发生
hear about听说
worry about为……担心
see about办理，安排
leave about乱丢
2．动词+ away
throw away扔掉
blow away吹走
carry away拿走，忘乎所以
clear away把……清除掉
die away逐渐消失。
pass away去世
wash away冲走
take away拿走
put away收拾起来，存起来
give away背弃，泄漏
wear away磨掉，消耗
break away摆脱
send away让……走开
turn away把……打发走
3．动词+back
keep back隐瞒，忍住
look back (on)回顾
hold back阻止，抑制
put back把……放回原处
give back归还
call back回电话
take back拿回，收回
4．动词+for
run for竞选
ask for要求得到
wait for等候
stand for代表，表示
long for渴望
hope/wish for希望得到
care for关心，喜欢
beg for乞求
answer for对……负责任
search for查找
look for寻找
call for需要，要求
hunt for寻找
change...for用……换
charge...for收费，要价
apply for申请
take...for误以为……是
seek for寻找
come for来拿，来取
5．动词+ down
burn down烧毁
break down坏了，垮了，分解
take down记下，记录
turn down调小，拒绝
cut down削减，砍倒
slow down慢下来
pass down流传
put down记下，写下，镇压
calm down平静下来
bring down使……降低，使倒下
settle down安家
come down下落，传下
tear down拆毁，拆除
die down渐熄
pull down拉下
6．动词+ at
come at向……袭击
shout at (sb．)冲（某人）嚷嚷
run at冲向，向……攻击
work at从事于，致力于
tear at用力撕
look at看，注视
stare at凝视
glare at怒视
glance at匆匆一瞥
laugh at嘲笑
knock at敲（门、窗等） ‘
point at指向
smile at sb．冲某人笑
strike at向……打击
aim at向……瞄准
shoot at向……射击
call at拜访（地点）
7．动词+ from
differ from与……不同
suffer from受……苦
hear from收到……来信
die from因……而死
keep/stop/prevent.., from不让……做
learn from向……学习
result from由于
date from始于……时期
separate.., from把……分开
8．动词+of
think of想到
dream“梦到，渴望
consist of由……组成
speak of谈到
approve of赞成
die of死于
talk of谈到
hear of听说
complain of抱怨
become of发生……情况，怎么啦
9．动词+off
start off出发
set off出发
leave off中断
show off炫耀
get off下车
take off脱下，起飞
see sb. off为某人送行
ring off挂断电话
put off延期，断绝
come off脱落，褪色
cut off切断，断绝
fall off跌落，掉下
keep off避开，勿走近
go off爆炸，坏了
knock.., off把……撞落
break off打断
carry off携走，带走
get off离开，逃脱，下车，从……下来
give off散发出
turn/switch off关掉
pay off还清（债务）
pull off脱掉（衣或帽）
10．动词+ on
depend on依靠
rely on依靠
insist on坚持认为
carry on继续，进行
keep/go on继续
spend... On在……方面花钱
put on穿上，戴上，上演
call on拜访
move on继续移动，往前走
feed on以……为生
live on以……为生
take on雇用，呈现（新面貌等）
have on穿着
try on试穿
look on旁观
pass on传授，传递
hang on(打电话)不挂断，稍等片刻
turn/switch on打开
hold on等一等（别挂电话）
11．动词十out
break out爆发
point out指出
pick out选出
figure out算出
burst out迸发
bring out阐明，使表现出
carry out执行
help out帮助克服困难
hold out坚持下去，伸出，维持
set out出发，着手
wear out使……疲劳
turn out结果是，生产
make out理解，看清楚
corfie out出版，出来
cross out划掉
leave out省略，删掉
keep out (of)使不进入，挡住
work out算出，想出（办法等）
find out查出，弄明白
give out散发，分发，用完
try out试用，试验
look out当心，提防
put out扑灭
speak out大胆讲出
hand out散发
send out发出，派遣
run out用完
go out熄灭
let out泄漏，发出（声音）
check out查明，结账
12．动词+in
give in让步
hand in上交
bring in引进
drop in拜访
result in导致
succeed in在……方面获得成功
join in参加
take in接纳，吸收
get in收获，进入
break in强制进入，插话
fill in填写
call in召集，来访
cut in插入
persist in坚持
check in报到，登记
let in让……进来，放进
13．动词+into
look into研究，调查
turn into变成
burst into闯入，迸发
divide...into把……分成
change.., into把……变成
put/translate...into把……译成
run into碰到
14．动词+over
turn over翻倒，细想
think over仔细考虑
go over审阅，检查，研究，
look over翻阅，检查
get over克服
run over(车辆)碾过
take over接管，接替
fall over跌倒，摔倒
watch over看守，照看
change over更换
roll over翻滚
lean over伏在……上面
cross over穿过（街道）
leave over遗留
laugh over发笑
15．动词+to
belong to属于
object to反对
refer to谈到，涉及，参阅
point to指向
turn to向……求助，查阅
stick/hold/keep to坚持，忠于
see to处理，料理
come to苏醒
reply to答复
bring to使苏醒
get to到达
compare.., to与……相比，把……比作
agree to同意
write to...写信给……
supply.., to向……提供
lead to导致，通向
add to增添
attend to处理
connect to连接，相连
16．动词+ up
grow up成长，长大
give up放弃，献出
build up建立
set up架起，建立
put up搭起，架起，安装，住宿，张贴，盖起
go up增长，上涨
do up整理，包装，打扮
get up起床，站起
pick up拾起，学会，用车来接，收听到
turn up开大（音量等），出席，出现
bring up抚养，呕吐，提出
stay up挺住，熬夜
take up开始学，从事，占据
eat up吃完
use up用完
tear up撕碎
lay up积蓄，卧床
join up连接起来
make up构成，组成，化妆
cut up切碎
end up最终成为；最后处于
come up上来，长出，出现
speed up加快速度
throw up呕吐
clear up整理，收拾，放晴
look up查找，向上看
burn up烧毁
catch up赶上
hurry up赶快
fix up修理，安排，装置
keep up保持，维持，继续
send up发射
ring up打电话
open up开创,开辟
divide up分配
break up拆散，结束，分解
hang up挂断电话
hold up阻挡，使停顿
wake up醒来
wrap up包好，伪装
17．动词+ through
get through通过，接通（电话）
pull through渡过危机，康复
go through审阅，学习
see through识破
check through核对
look through翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看
18．动词+ with
connect with与……相连
deal with处理，对付
do with处理
meet with遇到，遭受
talk with同……交谈
agree with同意，与……一致
compare with与……相比
combine with与……相联合
equip.. with以……装备
cover...with用……覆盖
begin with以……开始
end with以……结束
supply...with以……供给
play with玩，玩弄
19．三个词以上的动词短语
①动词十名词十介词
apply one's mind to专心于
catch/take hold of抓住
devote one's life to为……献身
do (great) wrong to冤枉，委屈
fix one's eyes on凝视
get a good hold of抓牢
give advice on提出……建议
have trust in相信
have a word with...同……谈话
have a look at看一下
have trouble in...在……有麻烦
have mercy on同情，怜悯
help oneself to请吃，随便用
make friends with...同……交朋友
make (the) best use of充分利用
catch sight of瞧见，看见
devote oneself to献身于，专心于
do (great) harm to对……危害（大）
feel pity for...对……感到怜悯
form the habit of．，养成……的习惯
get rid of除去，摆脱
have none of不允许，不接受
have (no) difficulty in...在……（没）有困难
have (show) interest in...对……有兴趣
have words with...同……争吵
have (deep) effect on...对……有（深远）影响
have the honour of有幸
keep a record of记录
make a mistake about...对……产生误会
make an apology to...向……道歉
make one's way to走向
make preparations for准备
make a dive for猛冲
make room for...为……留地方
make fun of取笑
make a study of研究，学习
pay attention to注意
put one's heart and soul into全神贯注于
pass a judgement on判决
set fire to放火，点火
show respect for尊敬
showmercy to同情
say goodbye to..向……道别
say hello to打招呼
set an example to...给……树立榜样
shake hands with握手
take the side of支持，站在一边
take delight in...以……为乐
take aim at瞄准
throw light on阐明，使人明白
take part in参加
take a message for...给……捎个口信
②动词十副词十介词
add up to总计为
break away from...改掉……，与……脱离关系
be up to...应由……，轮到……
cut down on削减
catch up with赶上
come up to达到（标准），比得上
come up against遭到（反对、困难）
do well in...在……做得好
do away with废除
fit in with适合，符合
get through with完成，花光
get on (along) with进展，相处
go on with继续
go back on背信，背弃
go in for参加，爱好
go ahead with进行，继续下去
keep away from与……脱离关系，改掉
keep up with跟上
face up to面对，承担
fall back on依靠
get down to开始认真做
get out of从……出来，摆脱
go ahead of先行
go out of...从……出来
grow out of产生自
live up to不辜负
look out for提防，照看
look back upon回顾
look forward to盼望
run up against遇到
think highly“高度评价
work hard at努力于
look up to尊敬，仰慕
look down upon轻视，不重视
put up with忍受，容忍
run out of用完
watch out for当心，提防
③动词十介词十名词
arrive at a conclusion得出结论
burst into pieces成为碎片
burst into tears突然大哭
burst into laughter突然大笑
come to the rescue前来营救
come into use开始使用，实施
come into power当权，执政
come into effect开始生效
come into being产生，建立
come into light发亮
come to a conclusion得出结论
fly into a temper耍脾气
get into trouble陷入麻烦
plunge into sorrow使陷入悲伤
put..．to use使用，利用
set to work开始工作
（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:她提醒(读者)注意社会面临的环境危险,她教育人们必须对挽救他们的环境负责任。此处考查短语take responsibility for…意为“对……负责任”。故填for。
1.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】In Chinese art history, Qi Baishi ranks as a towering figure. His unusual and playful style opened ________ a new prospect in the imagery of traditional Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely recognized in modern society.
【答案】up
【解析】考查介词。句意：他独特而俏皮的画风开辟了中国传统绘画意象的新视野，留下了丰富的遗产，至今仍为现代社会所广泛认可。此处意为“打开，开辟”，表达为open up。故填up。
2.【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模）】The Long March-5 is China’s most powerful launch vehicle currently in operational service, _______ a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处使用了with的复合结构，表示“有”的意思。故填with。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】Delicate and sensitive _____45_____ the touch, Deng’s brilliant pieces are a sight to see. The red and pink mixture of colors and lighting surrounding the vases represent Chinese happiness and Western passion, attracting East and West in the same narrative, on the same canvas (画布).
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：邓的作品触感细腻、精美，令人叹为观止。此处为短语be sensitive to表示“对……敏感”。故填to。
2.【2023·广东省高三开学大联考】Nowadays, Chinese people like to eat out with relatives and friends during weekends or festivals. A typical meal starts ____44____ some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic, followed by the main courses, including hot meat and vegetable dishes.
【答案】with
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：一顿典型的饭开始吃一些冷菜，比如煮花生和大蒜拌黄瓜，然后是主菜，包括热肉和蔬菜。 start with“以……开始”。故填with。
3.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】The fleet, loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures, paid friendly visits ____38____ more than 30 countries and regions.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：船队满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍宝，对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。结合句意可知，考查短语pay a visit/visits to表示“访问，参观”。故填to。
4.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】When Picasso was born, he was so weak that the nurse left him on the side table and simply began to attend ____45____ his mother.
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：当毕加索出生时，他是如此虚弱，以至于护士把他留在了小桌子上，只是开始照顾他的母亲。attend to“照顾，照料”，结合句意可知，此处指护士开始照顾毕加索的妈妈，故填to。
5.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science ____36____Qian Xuesen.
【答案】than
【解析】查介词。句意：也许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大。分析句子可知，空处前有形容词比较级greater，故此处考查比较级的结构，即“形容词比较级+than”，结合语意可知，此处意为“比”，故应用介词than。故填than。
6.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Nevertheless, the “No”s didn’t discourage him from taking ____40____the challenge.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：然而，这些所谓的“不”并没有阻止他接受这个挑战。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语take on，意为“接受”，故空处应填介词on。故填on。
7.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】China now has 43 items____42____the intangible cultural heritage list, continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：中国现有43项非物质文化遗产名录，继续成为世界上名录数量最多的国家。on the list在名册中, 在清单上。故填on。
8. 【江苏省前黄中学2022-2023学高三下学期3月学情检测】Peking Opera is a slow process too. An often-repeated saying goes as follows: Three minutes on stage,10 years____37____ stage.
【答案】off
【解析】考查介词。句意：人们常说：“台上三分钟，台下十年功。” off stage台下。故填off。
9.【2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考】China witnessed its third aircraft carrier on June 17 in Shanghai, naming it ____1____ the eastern coastal province of Fujian.
【答案】after
【解析】考查介词。句意：6月17日，中国在上海见证了第三艘航空母舰，以东部沿海省份福建的名字命名。短语name...after意为“以……给……命名”。故填after。
10.【2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考】It will use a new system to launch fixed-wing aircraft, which will give it a much greater combat (作战) capability ____60____ its two predecessors (前任), the Liaoning and the Shandong.
【答案】than
【解析】考查比较级。句意：它将使用一种新的系统发射固定翼飞机，这将使其拥有比前两种型号辽宁舰和山东舰更大的作战能力。根据上文greater可知此处为比较级，意为“福建号的作战能力要比辽宁舰和山东舰强很多”。故填than。
11.【2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考】Now, ____39____ the C919 in place, domestic airlines can stop worrying about a supply crisis.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：现在，有了C919，国内航空公司不用再担心供应危机了。后跟名词作宾语，表示“有”应用介词with。故填with。
12. 【2023届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期3月教学情况调研（一）】Nature has always fascinated me. To brighten up the urban environment, there is nothing better ____56____ some attractive plants and flowers.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：要点亮城市环境，没有什么比一些迷人的植物和花卉更好的了。根据空前的“better”可知，此处表示比较，应用介词than引出比较对象。故填than。
13. 【2023届江苏南京市盐城市高三第二次调研】 Expectedly, the Suzhou-style penjing cultivation technique was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2011. ____59____ penjing, Suzhou gardens wouldn’t be as charming as they are today.
【答案】Without
【解析】考查介词。句意：如果没有盆景，苏州园林就不会像今天这样迷人。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Without。
14. 【江苏省通泰镇徐连宿淮7市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初联考】Over the past years, the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has experienced comprehensive changes. Water conservation in the area has risen ____62____ 11 percent every year, compared with 10 years ago.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：与10年前相比，该地区的节水率每年增长11%。rise by为固定搭配，其后常跟表示增长的幅度，也就是说增长了多少，by后通常接分数、百分数、倍数等。故填by。
15. 【江苏省南通市崇川区等5地2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考】It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval. I was asked to reduce my usage of the internet. Yet, however hard I tried, I was unable to pull myself away. I was desperate_____42_____ just another click and another look at my message board. Then one day, my father took away my laptop. I complained but in vain.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词以及固定短语。句意：我渴望再次点击并再次查看我的留言板。分析句子可知，此处构成固定短语be desperate for表示“渴望得到”，故填for。
16．(2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研)Studies show that foods we think of ________ comfort foods don't contain any magical properties.
【答案】as
【解析】此处指“我们认为有安慰作用的食物”，动词短语think of ... as意为“把……看作”。故填as。
17．(2023·海南省琼海市嘉积中学高三月考)The experience reminded him ________ his love for the sport and inspired him to continue pursuing his passion, but now his methods are somewhat different.
【答案】of
【解析】此处指这次的经历提醒了他对运动的热爱。remind sb of sth “提醒某人某事”。故填of。
18．(2023·云南省昆明市高三摸底考试)Before you leave, make sure you find your boss, CEO and the staff that put the party together and thank them ________ a great event.
【答案】for
【解析】此处指“感谢他们组织了盛大的聚会”。thank sb for sth “因某事感谢某人”。故填for。
19．(2023·湖北省华中师大一附中高三期中检测)People often climb hills with cornels (茱萸) ________ the day of the Double Ninth Festival, aiming to dispel evils.
【答案】on
【解析】句意：人们经常在重阳节那天带着茱萸爬山，目的是驱邪。此处表示在具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。
20．(2023·江苏省泰州市高三调研)It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted ________ social media.
【答案】to
【解析】此处指“沉迷于社交媒体”。be addicted to “沉迷于……”。故填to。
21．(2023·辽宁省沈阳市名校联盟高三联考)The reasoning strategies in participants' written responses were well worthy ________ note.
【答案】of
【解析】此处指“值得注意”。be worthy of “值得……”。故填of。
22．(2023·湖北省宜荆荆恩四地市高三联考)Babies don't explore the world ________ chance.
【答案】by
【解析】句意：婴儿并非偶然地探索世界。by chance “偶然地”。故填by。
23．(2023·山西省运城市高三检测)It's often the project for groups or companies and hard for one person to finish the job due ________ its complexity and cost.
【答案】to
【解析】此处指“由于它的复杂性和费用”。due to “由于”。故填to。
24．(2023·福建省福州市第三中学第三次质量检测)However, getting rid ________ this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87－inch trunk is next to impossible.
【答案】of
【解析】此处指“除掉这棵树”。get rid of “除去；摆脱”。故填of。
能力提升
【2023·江西省南昌第十中学模拟】
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness, China is the world’s third most species-rich country. Therefore, China’s ___1___(achieve) in biodiversity conservation and wilderness protection are important to the future of global biodiversity conservation.
The vital biodiversity, ___2___(combine) with a large population, has led the government to reconsider its protected area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the rainforest in Hainan ___3___formal national parks. The new national park system will make it more practical ___4___(preserve) habitats and species. The aim is to preserve biodiversity and ensure a ___5___(harmony) relation between humans and nature.
The national parks cross China’s vast ecosystems, from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south ___6___the Hainan gibbon—a critically endangered species live, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Wuyi Mountain National Park to the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Platau—___7___source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. The diversity of species and habitats under protection ___8___(reflect) in these parks’ names.
The national parks are open to all. Visitors can make reservations online in advance ___9___book on the spot. They should acquire a little local knowledge to get ___10___ (they) ready for the amazing trip and maximize their enjoyment.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园，新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。
1．achievements考查词形转换。因此，中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。设空处在句中作主语，根据谓语动词are，可知句子的主语应为复数的形式。故填achievements。
2．combined考查非谓语动词。至关重要的生物多样性，加上庞大的人口，促使政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园。设空处在句中非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间The vital biodiversity是逻辑的被动关系，设空处应用动词的过去分词的形式。故填combined。
3．into 考查介词。句意见上题解析。固定搭配transform…into…把……转变成，故填into。
4．to preserve考查非谓语动词。新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。设空处在句中作非谓语，表示目的应用动词不定式的形式。故填to preserve。
5．harmonious考查词形转换。目的是保护生物多样性，确保人与自然之间的和谐关系。设空处后为名词， 设空处应用形容词的形式修饰名词。故填harmonious。
6．where考查定语从句。这些国家公园横跨中国广阔的生态系统，从生活着极度濒危物种海南长臂猿的南方海南热带雨林国家公园，到大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、武夷山国家公园，再到位于黄河、长江和澜沧江源头的青藏高原上的三江源国家公园。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park在句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
7．the 考查冠词。句意见上题解析。根据空后的“of the Yellow River(黄河之滨)”可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
8．is reflected考查谓语动词。这些公园的名字反映了受保护的物种和栖息地的多样性。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the diversity of species and habitats，结合主谓一致。故填is reflected。
9．or 考查连词。游客可以提前在网上预订或现场预订。设空处表示选择，意为“或”、“还是”。故填or。
10．themselves考查反身代词。他们应该掌握一些当地的知识，为这次奇妙的旅行做好准备，最大限度地享受旅行的乐趣。当主语they和宾语是同一群人时，应用反身代词作get的宾语。故填themselves。
真题感知
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里你会发现它们的准备方式有所不同——更多的饺子和少许的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）And who do they speak English 58. ?
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?speak English with sb意为“和/对某人说英语”,故本空应用介词with。
3.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
4.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61. royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:从佛寺到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至连它的布局都是如此,这座城市保存了其精心建造的环路系统。根据空前from Buddhist temples to museums可知,空前的narrow hutong前省略介词from,故本空应用介词to。
5.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:她提醒(读者)注意社会面临的环境危险,她教育人们必须对挽救他们的环境负责任。此处考查短语take responsibility for…意为“对……负责任”。故填for。
6.【2022·新高考I卷】Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
7.【2022·全国甲卷】Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
8.【2022·全国高考乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】 by
【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
9.（2021新课标II卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
10.（2021全国甲卷）It was built (build) originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【答案】in/during
【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
11.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____40____ 2. 1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
12.（2021全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.
【答案】until
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
13.（2021全国乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types __________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
14.（2020新课标I卷）because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so __________ the familiar near side.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
15.（2021年浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it _________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
16. （2020年山东卷）Museums must compete ________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
17.（2021年北京卷）While riding his bike home ________ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
18.（2020新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
19.（2020新课标II卷）Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
20.（2020新课标III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _________ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
21.（2020年北京卷）Over time, the bags fall apart___ ___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
【答案】into/to
【解析】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
22.（2020年浙江卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __________ ，through agriculture.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
23.（2020年浙江卷）Farming produced more food per person __________ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children
【答案】than
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
24.（2020浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven ________two factors.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
考点02 介词（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
介词
新高考I卷
2023
by
2022
as
2021
新高考II卷
2023
with
2022
2021
from
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查共计4次，主要考查：
1．常用介词的基本用法；
2．短语中的介词；
【备考策略】熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法；重点在句子中或在语篇中训练介词的用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对介词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查介词短语的基本用法，根据习惯用法或固定句型确定介词。
1.单个介词的意义
aboard搭乘（飞机、列车、轮船等）
about关于；向各处；在……附近
above在……之上；在……上游；超过……程度
across 从表面穿过；在……对面；在(身体某部位)上
①He swam across the river.
他游过河。
②There's a bank right across the street.
街对面就有一家银行。
③A big smile spread across her face.
她脸上洋溢着开心的笑容。
after在……之后；追赶；仿照
against与……相反；与……对抗；与……逆向；倚靠；以 ……为背景；为防备;违背；反对；对……不利；倚靠；衬托
①She was forced to go there against her will.
她被迫去那里。
②I won't have you say anything against my teacher.
我不容许你说老师的坏话。
③The evidence is against him.
证据对他不利。
④Put the ladder against the wall.
把梯子靠着墙放置。
⑤The white building looks beautiful against the blue sky.
在蓝天衬托下，这栋白楼很漂亮。
along沿着；循着
among在……中间；在……内部；被……所环绕；……之中的一个
around环绕；在……周围；在……四处；绕过；将近
as当作；作为；充当
at 在(地点、时间、空间)；以(某种价格、速度等)；朝
①At school, we always had a lot of afterclass activities.
在学校我们总是有很多课外活动。
②School is over at 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
下午四点放学。
③The train goes at a speed of 120 km/ph.
火车时速每小时120公里。
④Don't shout at me.
不要朝我大声嚷嚷。
before在……之前；比……早；比……先
behind在……之后；落后于
below在……之下；在……的下游；低于
beneath在……之下
beside在……旁边；在……附近
besides除了……之外；除却
between在……之间
beyond 超出……的范围；为……所不及；除了；在……的另一边
①The beauty of the West Lake is beyond words/beyond description.
西湖美景无法用语言描述。
②The big fire was beyond their control.
他们无法控制大火。
③He appears to have almost no personal staff, beyond a secretary who can't make coffee.
他看来似乎没有任何雇员，除了一个连咖啡都不会煮的秘书。
④The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.
那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。
but除了……之外；除外
by 被；表示程度或增减的幅度；按……来计算；经由；乘(交通工具)；在……之前
①I was attacked by a dog.
我被一条狗袭击。
②We defeated the visiting team by 3 goals.
我们以三个球的优势击败来访的球队。
③The cleaners get paid by the hour.
清洁工按小时计算工资。
④He went out by the back door.
他从后门出去的。
⑤He goes to school by bike.
他骑车上学。
⑥I'll have it done by tomorrow.
我将于明天之前让人做完这件事。
despite 尽管(后接名词短语或宾语从句)
①They had a wonderful holiday, despite the bad weather.
尽管天气恶劣，他们仍然过了一个愉快的假期。
②Despite what others say, I think he is a very nice boy.
不管别人说什么，我认为这个孩子不错。
down向下；往下；沿着
during在……期间；在……之间
except除……之外
for 给；对；为；为了得到；对……来说；多达；向；支持；表示
①I have a present for you.
我有个礼物给你。
②The doctor knew that there was nothing he could do for her.
医生知道自己无能为力帮不了她。
③I paid $3 for the ticket.
我花三美元买了张票。
④She looks young for her age.
就她这个年龄来说，她显得年轻。
⑤We have been talking for a good half hour.
我们足足谈了半小时。
⑥I set off for work.
我动身去上班。
⑦We have studied the arguments for and against nuclear energy.
我们研究了支持和反对核能的论点。
⑧What's the French for “happy”？
法语“开心”怎么讲？
from从……；自从……；出自；因为
in在……之中；在……时候；在……之后；在……状态下；在……方面；穿着；戴着
①She looked in her bag, but her keys were not there.
她朝她的手提包里看了看，但钥匙不在里面。
②Leaves change colour in autumn.
树叶在秋天改变颜色。
③The street is about a mile in length.
这条街长约一英里。
④In all the confusion, it is quite possible that some people got tickets without paying.
在混乱中极有可能有人没付钱就得到票了。
inside在……里面；在……内
into进入……内；往……里；变为
like像
minus减去
near在……近旁；接近
of是……的；……之中的；由……制成的；有……性质的
off 远离；从……上移开；在……附近；休息；减价
①Once we were off the main freeway, the trip felt more like a vacation.
我们一离开主高速公路，这次旅行感觉就更像是一次度假了。
②Keep off the grass.
勿踏草坪。
③There are a lot of islands off the coast.
沿海有很多岛屿。
④You look tired. Why don't you take tomorrow off?
你很憔悴。为什么明天不休息一天呢？
⑤If you buy more than ten, they knock 10% off.
如果你买十个以上，他们打九折。
on 在……上；一……就……；关于；是……一员；在具体的某一天
①Some children are playing on the playground.
一些孩子在操场上玩耍。
②On his arrival, he began to work.
他一到达就开始工作。
③This is a book on history.
这是一本历史书。
④He was on a research team.
他是研究队中的一员。
⑤On a cold evening, he paid a visit to a farmer's house in the village.
在一个寒冷的夜里，他去村里一户农民家拜访。
onto到……之上
opposite在……的对面
outside在……的外面
over 在……上；超过；多于；在……期间；俯视；胜过；通过
①He sprinkled sugar over his cereal.
他在麦片粥里撒上了糖.
②They have advantages over the students in faraway villages.
他们比偏远村庄的学生有优势。
③She stayed in New York for over a month.
她在纽约待了一个多月。
④They will have a party over the weekend.
周末他们有个聚会。
⑤The doctor bent over the patient in bed, asking if he was feeling any better.
医生在病床边弯下腰，询问病人是否好些了。
⑥She had great personal influence and power over her followers.
她对自己的追随者有强大的个人影响力和操纵力。
⑦I don't want to talk about this over the telephone.
我不想在电话里谈论此事。
past经过；超过
per每……；每一……
plus加；加上
round绕……一周；绕行于……四周
since自从；从……以来
through 从内部穿过；透过
①They walked through the thick forest.
他们步行穿过茂密的森林。
②He could just make out three people through the mist.
透过薄雾他勉强能看出有三个人。
throughout遍及于……；整个……期间；从头到尾
till/until直到……；到……为止
to向……；到……；面向
towards朝……方向；走向……；对于……
under在……之下；未满；受……管辖；正在……之中
up往上；登上
with 用(具体的工具)；附带有，具有；和；随着
①Please write with a pencil. 请用铅笔写。
②He is a man with a strong will. 他是一个意志坚强的人。
③I have an appointment with Dr Black, but I need to change it. 我和布莱克博士有约，但是我得改一下时间。
④With the final exam approaching, the students are working harder.随着期末考试临近，同学们学习更努力了。
within 在……之内；在……里面
①We should have the test results within 24 hours.
我们24小时内出化验结果。
②The noise seems to be coming from within the building.
吵闹声像是从楼房里传出来的。
without 没有；在没有……的情况下
①We couldn't have finished the task without your timely help.
如果没有你们的及时帮忙，我们完不成任务。
②Without so much as a word of thanks, Ben turned and went back into the office.
本连一个谢字也没有，转身就回到了办公室。
（单个介词的用法）
（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
1．(2023•北京清华附中高三阶段检测)________ one peaceful morning, I begged my mom to let me go outside.
【答案】On
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：在一个平静的早晨，我请求我妈妈让我出去。在具体的某一天的早上，用on，此处位于句首，故填On。
2．(2023•云南师大附中高三阶段检测)________ the flower market, the orchids are worth at least 10，000 dollars each.
【答案】At
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：在花卉上，兰花至少值1万美元。此处at指：小地点。意为：在花市场。注意首字母要大写。故填At。
3．(2023•山东省齐鲁名校高三大联考)An employer might be asked to answer a problem ________ thinking like another member of their team.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：雇主可能会被要求像团队的另一个成员一样思考来回答问题。此处by意为：通过……方式。故填by。
4．(2023•河北省唐山市高三检测)I did feel a sense of loss ________ not becoming an academic educator, and I worried I'd be letting down the people.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：我确实为没有成为一名学术教育工作者感到了一种失落感，我担心我会让人们失望。此处for表示原因。故填for。
2.复合介词的意义
according to根据
along with随同……一起；除了……之外
apart/aside from除……之外
as a result of因为；由于
as a consequence of因为
because of因为；由于
on account of因为
due to由于；因为
owing to由于；因为
thanks to由于；幸亏
as for/to至于；关于；就……而言
as with至于；与……一样
but for要不是……的话
by means of以……方式；借着……
except for除……之外
in addition to加之；除了……之外
in case of万一；在有……情形时
in/by comparison with与……相较；较之
in contrast to与……相比
contrary to违反……；与……相对
for fear of以免……；以防…．
in spite of虽然；尽管
instead of代替；而不
out of出于；因为
regardless of不顾；不管
with/as regard to关于
in terms of用……字眼；用……措词；从……观点；从…的角度
as opposed to与……相对；而不是
（复合介词的用法）
(2022•全国乙卷)Maybe it is because ________ the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、舒缓动作和体育锻炼相混合的结果。because后面接从句；而because of后面接名词短语。故填of。
(2022•新高考Ⅰ卷)So instead ________ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：所以没有把他绑起来，我只是密切盯着他。instead of “而不是，代替”。故填of。
3.表状态的介词短语
at work在工作
at play在玩耍
at war在交战
at lunch在吃午饭
at table在吃饭
at rest在休息
in use在使用中
in store贮藏着；准备着
in shape身体良好的；健康的
in place适当的；在适当位置的
in order井井有条的；有序的
in need穷困的；贫穷的
in debt欠债的；欠人情的
in danger处于危险中的；有危险的
in peace平安的；安心的
on duty在值班
on show/exhibition在展览中
on fire着火的；燃烧着的；兴奋的
on strike在罢工
on sale在出售；廉价出售
on holiday在度假
on leave在休假中
under discussion在讨论中
under construction在建设中
under arrest被捕；被拘留的
under repair在维修中；在修复中
under investigation在调查中
under way在进行中，在举行
4.介词短语的意义
at the age of 5;at age 5;at 5在5岁时
at one’s service随时为某人服务；听凭某人的吩咐
at (the) sight of当看到……时
at first sight乍一看；初看起来
at a loss茫然；不知所措
at all costs不惜一切代价
at the cost of以……为代价
at any rate无论如何；至少
at hand在手边；在附近
at the mercy of任凭……摆布
at the expense of以……为代价；由……付费
by the age of 5；by age 5到5岁时
by means of用；依靠
by all means当然可以；尽一切办法；务必
by no means决不；并没有
by way of经由；通过……方法
by and by不久；迟早
by chance/accident偶然；碰巧
by mistake错误地；无意地
by far最；……得多
by hand用手；用体力
for sale出售的；待售的
for free免费地
for nothing免费的；白费地
for ever/good永远；永久地
for the sake of为了；为了……的利益
in advance预先；事先
in between介于两者之间
in brief简单地说
in detail详细地
in general--般来说；大体上
in line with与……一致
in particular特别；尤其
in relation to关于；涉及
in return作为报答；作为回报
in return for作为对……报答
in the way挡道
in turn依次；轮流；转而
in vain徒劳；白费力
on a large/small scale大／小规模地
on (an/the) average平均；通常
on behalf of代表
on business因公
on hand在场；在手边
on purpose故意地
on second thoughts经重新考虑
on the go忙碌
on the point of即将……的时刻
out of date过时的
out of order出故障的
out of place不适当的
out of practice久不练习；荒疏
out of sight看不见；在视野外
out of touch不联系；不接触
above all首先；尤其是
after all毕竟；究竟
ahead of time提前
far from远非；远离
once in a while偶尔
to the point切中要害；切题
up to date最新式的，紧跟时代潮流的
up to多达；取决于
（复合介词的用法）
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里你会发现它们的准备方式有所不同——更多的饺子和少许的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。
1．(2023•海南省北师大万宁附中高三模拟演练)Then when the businessmen did business, they could use that paper instead ________ having to carry a truckload of coins around.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。句意：后来，当商人做生意的时候，他们就能用纸币，就不用带着一车硬币到处跑。此处考查介词短语instead of，意为：而不是。故填of
2．(2023•福建省泉州市高三质量检测)Thanks ________ cuttingedge digital technology, the virtual model is “detailed to millimeters”．
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。句意：多亏了尖端的数字技术，致使虚拟模型能具体到毫米。考查短语thanks to意为：幸亏，多亏。故填to。
3．(2023•四川省内江市高三考试)According ________ a new study from the Mac Arthur Research Network on an Aging Society, by 2050 Americans may live 3.1 to 7.9 years longer than the government expects.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词短语的用法。句意：根据一项新的来自Mac Arthur Research Network的关于老年社会的研究显示：截止到2050年，美国人的平均年龄比政府预期的要长增长3.1到7.9岁。考查短语according to意为：根据。故填to。
5. 介词短语的意义辨析
at a time一次；同时；连续地
at one time曾经；一次；同时
at the same time同时；但是
at times有时；偶尔
at no time从不；决不
in time及时；迟早；合拍子
on time准时；按时
in no time立即；一下子
from time to time偶尔
for the time being暂时
for a moment片刻；一会儿
for the moment目前；暂时
at the moment此刻；正当那时
in a moment马上；一会儿后
at the beginning of在……之初；在……开头
in the beginning最初；起初
at the end of在……末；在……结束时
in the end最后
on one's own独自；靠自己
of one's own自己的；特有的
(all) by oneself (alone; without help)
独自一人；单独地；独自地
to oneself (not shared with anyone)
独享的；独自拥有的；只给自己
for oneself亲自
of oneself自动地
in oneself本身
in words用语言；用言语
in word口头上
in a/one word总而言之；一言以蔽之
with words用语言
with these/the words说完后
in other words换句话说
with pleasure(口语)当然了；很愿意；愿意为您效劳
for pleasure为了玩；为了取乐
6.介词的特殊意义
1．above有“超出（某种能力）”之意。
His bravery to save the child from drowning is above
praise.他拯救溺水小孩的勇气非言辞所能赞扬。
This book is far/well above me.
这本书的内容太深，我看不懂。
2．against有“违背，违逆，反对，对……不利，倚靠，碰撞，预防，衬托”之意。
She was forced to marry against her will.
她被迫违背自己的心愿嫁了人。
We were rowing against the current.
我们划船逆流而上。
Are you for or against the death penalty?
你赞成还是反对死刑？
The evidence is against him.
证据对他不利。
Put the piano there, against the wall.
把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。
They took precautions against fire.
他们采取了防火措施。
Her red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
她的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。
3．among有“在其中，是……之一”之意。
A British woman was among the survivors.
幸存者中有一位英国妇女。
He was among the last to leave.
他是最后离开者之一。
4．at可表示“年龄、速度、比率、价格”。
She came up to Beijing at eighteen.
她在18岁时来到北京。
The train was traveling at 100 kilometres an hour.
那火车以时速100公里行驶。
The noise came at two-minute intervals.
每两分钟传来一次吵闹声。
I bought these shirts at 30 dollars each.
我以每件30美元的价格买下了这些衬衫。
5．beyond可表示“范围、限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。
He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control. 他是个顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。
This problem is far beyond my ability.这个问题远超过我的能力之外。
常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/
one's power/one's reach无法用语言形容、无法用语言描述、想象不出来、不相信、管不了、够不着
6．by表“时间”时，意为“在……之前，不迟于”，多与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。
I have to go back by ten o'clock．我十点前得回去。
Will you please finish the work by Friday?
请你星期五之前完成这项工作，好吗？
The train had left by the time we got to the station.
我们到达车站时，火车已离开。
By the time the letter reaches you l will have left the
country．到你收到这封信的时候，我已离开这个国家。
★by可表示“方式、手段”，意为“借、靠”，后接动名词。
What do you mean by saying that?
你那话是什么意思？
He taught himself to play the violin by practising all
night.他通过整夜训练自学拉小提琴。
★by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”。
She is taller than me by three centimeters.
她比我高三公分。
We defeated the visiting team by 3 goals.
我们以三球的优势战胜了客队。
The population of this town increased by five percent last
year.去年，这个城镇的人口增加了5%。
The bullet missed him by two inches.
子弹差一点点打中他。
House prices went up by 10~.
房价上涨了10%。
★by可表“单位”，意为“按；以……计；依据”，此时，by之后表单位的名词通常加the。
I am paid by the hour．我是按小时拿工资的。
Is this cloth sold by the metre?这种布是按米出售的吗？
7．despite意为“不管，尽管”，后接名词短语或名词性从句。
They had a wonderful holiday,despite the bad weather.
尽管天气不好，但他们仍过了一个愉快的假期。
Despite what others say,I think he~s a very nice guy.
不管别人说什么，我认为他是个好孩子。
8．for可表示价值交换，意为“以……金额”。
I bought this set of coffee cups for$20.
★for有“就……而言；从……来看”之意。
It is quite warm for February.
就二月的天气而言，这算是相当暖和的了。
She looks young for her age.
就她的年龄而言，她显得很年轻。
He is quite tall for his age.
从他的年龄来看，他个子已是很高了。
★for all意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于in spite of。
For all his efforts, he still came last.
尽管他很努力，还是落了个最后一名。
She still loves him for all that.
尽管如此，她还是爱他。
9．off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海里”之意。
They lived in a little house off Harbour Street.
他们住在离哈伯大街不远处的一个小房子里。
My house is off the main road.我家离大路不远。
The ship sank a mile off that island.
那艘船在离这个小岛一英里的地方沉没了。
10. on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动名词。
They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.
他一到达，就受到他们的热烈欢迎。
On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by the police.
他一到达飞机场就被警察逮捕了。
Upon his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest.
从欧洲刚回来，他就立刻着手工作。
Upon hearing from you,I shall let her know.
收到你的来信，我就会立刻告诉她。
11. over可表示“时间”，意为“在…．“期间；直到……结束”。
Over the next few days they got to know the town well.
在以后几天中，他们逐渐熟悉了这个小镇。
She has been ill in bed over the past week.
在过去的这个星期里，她一直卧病在床。
We stayed in New York over Christmas.
我们在纽约一直待到过了圣诞节。
★over有“一边……，一边”之意。
We discussed it over a bottle of wine.
我们一边喝酒一边讨论这件事。
We had a chat over lunch．
我们一边吃饭一边交谈。
★-over有“覆于……之上；蒙在……之上；遮住”之意。
She put a blanket over the sleeping child.
她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。
He put his hand over his mouth when he yawned.
他打哈欠时用手遮住嘴巴。
★-over有“越过；跨过”之意。
The horse jumped over the fence.
那匹马跃过了栅栏。
★over有“俯视；俯瞰”之意。
They had a wonderful view over the park.
他们把公园的美景尽收眼底。
The doctor bent over the patient in bed, asking if he was feeling any better．
医生弯腰俯视着病床上的病人，问他是否感觉好点儿了。
12．within可表示“范围、程度”。
Medicine should not be left within reach of small children.
药品不可留在幼儿伸手可及的范围内。
They finally came within sight of the shore.
他们终于来到看得见海岸的地方。
It wasn't within my power to help her.
帮助她并非我力所能及之事。
13. given可作介词，意为“考虑到”。
Given the circumstances,you've coped well.
考虑到各种情况，你已经算是处理得很好了。
Given that there was so little time,I think they've done a good job.考虑到没有多少时间，我认为他们算是做得不错了。
7. 介词的意义辨析
1．across/opposite在……对面
across指在街道、河流等的对面或指田野、房间、大厅等的另一边、另一头。opposite指在某人或某建筑物的对面，表示与之相对。
There is a bank right across the street.
街对面就有一家银行。
I saw Jack across the room.
我看到杰克在房间的那一头。
I sat opposite him during the meal.
席间我坐在他的对面。
The bank is opposite the supermarket.
银行在超市的正对面。
2．across/through穿过
across指从某一平面上横穿过去到达另一端，也可指从某物上面跨越过去。through多指贯穿或穿透某物而过去，也可指从树林、建筑群、人群、城市、洞穴等之中穿过去。当表示消息被传播开时，用across或throughout。
Where is the nearest bridge across the river?
过河最近的桥在哪儿？
He walked across the field．他走过田野。
The news spread across the city.
此消息传遍了全城。
The burglar went in through the window.
盗贼是从窗户进来的。
The bullet went straight through him.
子弹从他身上穿了过去。
The path led through the trees to the river.
这条小路穿过树林通向河边。
The doctor pushed his way through the crowd.
医生挤过人群。
3. like/as像，和……一样
like作“像”解时是介词，后跟名词或代词，而as作“像”解时是连词，后跟从句或介词短语。另外，as作介词时意为“作为，担任，如同”，多与动词搭配构成短语。
He has blue eyes like me.他和我一样有一对蓝眼睛。
She enjoys all kinds of music,as I do.
她和我一样什么音乐都喜欢。
Repeat these five steps, as in the last exercise.
照前面的练习一样，重复这五个步骤。
1 spoke to him like a father.我像位父亲般地与他讲话。
I spoke to him as a father.我以父亲的身份与他讲话。
4．from/since(表示时间)从……起，从……以来
from后接一点时间时，与一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时态连用。since后接一点时间时，则通常用于现在完成时态。
We work from Monday to Friday.
我们从星期一工作到星期五。
I'll be in my office from nine o'clock.
我9点以后会在办公室。
He was blind from birth.他天生失明。
I have been in this business since 1980.
自1980年以来，我一直在从事这个工作。
I haven't written home since Christmas.
自圣诞节以来，我还未给家里写过信。
5．after/in《表示时间）在……之后
after后接一段时间时，和一般过去时态连用；后接一点时间时，可与一般将来时态连用。in后只接一段时间，要与一般将来时态连用。
The lost child was found after two days.
两天后，那个丢失的孩子找到了。
I'll go and pick up my daughter from school after 5 0'clock.
五点后我要到学校接女儿。
I'll call back in 5 minutes.我5分钟后回电话。
I'll come back in a week.一星期后我就回来。
He came back after a week.他一周后回来了。
6．until/by(表示时间)到……时
until后接一点时间时，在肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须是持续性动词，否则就要用否定句，通常与一般现在时、一般过去时或一般将来时态连用。而by后接一点时间时，谓语动词须是瞬时动词，可与一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时态连用，但多与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。
We are open until 6 0'clock.我们营业到6点。
He didn't come back until3 0'clock.
直到3点他才回来。
I will wait here until 10 0'clock tomorrow.
我会在这儿等到明天10点。
She arrived by Christmas.
她是圣诞节前来到的。
I have to go back by ten o'clock.
我10点之前得回去。
Will you please finish the work by Friday?
请你星期五之前把这项工作做完好吗？
1 will have retired by the year 2015.
到2015年我就退休了。
He had learned 3 languages by the age of 16.
到16岁时，他已学会三门语言。
8.介词与名词的辨析
(an/the) approach to sth.通往……的路，学习……的方法
(one's) attitude to/toward...（某人）对待……的态度
have belief in信仰，信赖
have advantage over...对……有优势
make contributions to...对……做出贡献
congratulations on...对……的祝贺
have a gift for.，，对……有天赋，在……方面有才能
on that occasion在那种场合
in/under such circumstances在这种情况下，情形既然如此
in that case既然那样，假若那样的话
with one's help/support/permission/guidance在某人的帮助／支持／允许／指导下
under on&s leadership在某人的领导下
out of one's reach手不能及
within one，s reach伸手可及
be in contact/touch with与……有联系
by chance/accident偶然地，意外地
by mistake错误地（因粗心、遗忘所致）
9.介词与形容词的辨析
be absent from缺席，不在场
be active in积极参与……
be accessible to sb．对某人来说是可接近的、可亲的、可用的
be cross with sb．生某人的气，恼怒某人
be adequate to/for sth．适合……的
be afraid of害怕，担忧
be allergic to对……过敏，讨厌……
be angry with sb．at/for sth.因某事而生某人的气
be anxious about/for为……感到担忧
be ashamed of对……感到羞愧
be available to对……是可用的
be available for sth.有空做某事
be aware of意识到
be bored with对……感到厌烦
be busy with忙于……
be careful of对……小心，当心，警惕
be cautious of/about对……小心谨慎
be certain of/about对…“：确信，肯定
be confident of对……有信心，有把握
be considerate of/to sb.为某人着想，为某人考虑周到
be content with对……感到满意
be convenient to/for sb.对某人是方便的
be crazy about热衷于……，对……着迷
be curious about对……感到好奇
be different from与……不同
be eager for渴望……，对……热心
be enthusiastic about对……热情
be equal to等于……，与……相等
be familiar with熟悉……，通晓……
be familiar to为……所熟知的
be famous for因……而出名
be famous as作为……而出名
be far from远离；一点也不
be fond of喜爱
be free from/of不受……的伤害，不受……的影响
be full of充满…．．
be guilty of对……有罪责
be happy with对……感到满意
be junior to比……年龄小，较……地位低
be late for迟到
be loyal to对……忠诚，忠于……
be mistaken about...误会……
be optimistic about对……乐观
be patient with sb．对某人有耐心，容忍某人
be particular about对……挑剔
be popular with受……的欢迎或喜爱
be present at出席，在场
be proud of为……感到自豪
be punctual for sth.准时做某事
be reliable on依赖，依靠
be rich in盛产……
be senior to较……年长，（级别，权力等）较……高
be sensitive to易受……的影响，对……敏感
be serious about对……认真
be short of不够……，缺乏……
be sick of厌倦……，腻烦……
be similar to与……相似
be strict with对……严格
be strict in在……方面要求严厉
be suitable for对……适合，适宜于
be sure of/about对……有把握
be suspicious of有……疑心，怀疑
be tired of对……厌烦
be tired with因……而感到疲劳
be true to忠实于……，符合……
be worried about为……担心
be worthy of值得……
1．(2023•江苏省南通市高三阶段检测)Over the years, many of the neighbors got familiar ________ us.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：多少年来，许多邻居都和我们熟悉了。此处考查短语get familiar with。故填with。
2．(2023•浙江省天高教育共同体第一次联考)Islands are different ________ a continent or mainland.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：岛屿和大陆不同。此处考查短语be different from与……不同。故填from。
3．(2023•湖南省邵阳市第二中学高三检测)I was absorbed ________ my wild thought, wondering whether he was also a tender father.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词用法。句意：我沉浸在狂想之中，想知道他是否是一个温柔的父亲。此处考查短语be absorbed in意为：沉浸在……，陶醉于……。故填in。
4.（2020新课标II卷）Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】Delicate and sensitive __________ the touch, Deng’s brilliant pieces are a sight to see. The red and pink mixture of colors and lighting surrounding the vases represent Chinese happiness and Western passion, attracting East and West in the same narrative, on the same canvas (画布).
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：邓的作品触感细腻、精美，令人叹为观止。此处为短语be sensitive to表示“对……敏感”。故填to。
2．(2023•福建省泉州市高三质量检测)My mother was very angry ________ me; she said I should have been more responsible.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意：我母亲对我非常生气；她说我本应该更负责任。此处考查短语be angry with sb对……生气。故填with。
10.动词与介词的搭配
1．动词+ about
speak/talk about谈论
think about思考
care about关心，对……感兴趣
bring about引起，使发生
set about着手，开始
come about发生
hear about听说
worry about为……担心
see about办理，安排
leave about乱丢
2．动词+ away
throw away扔掉
blow away吹走
carry away拿走，忘乎所以
clear away把……清除掉
die away逐渐消失。
pass away去世
wash away冲走
take away拿走
put away收拾起来，存起来
give away背弃，泄漏
wear away磨掉，消耗
break away摆脱
send away让……走开
turn away把……打发走
3．动词+back
keep back隐瞒，忍住
look back (on)回顾
hold back阻止，抑制
put back把……放回原处
give back归还
call back回电话
take back拿回，收回
4．动词+for
run for竞选
ask for要求得到
wait for等候
stand for代表，表示
long for渴望
hope/wish for希望得到
care for关心，喜欢
beg for乞求
answer for对……负责任
search for查找
look for寻找
call for需要，要求
hunt for寻找
change...for用……换
charge...for收费，要价
apply for申请
take...for误以为……是
seek for寻找
come for来拿，来取
5．动词+ down
burn down烧毁
break down坏了，垮了，分解
take down记下，记录
turn down调小，拒绝
cut down削减，砍倒
slow down慢下来
pass down流传
put down记下，写下，镇压
calm down平静下来
bring down使……降低，使倒下
settle down安家
come down下落，传下
tear down拆毁，拆除
die down渐熄
pull down拉下
6．动词+ at
come at向……袭击
shout at (sb．)冲（某人）嚷嚷
run at冲向，向……攻击
work at从事于，致力于
tear at用力撕
look at看，注视
stare at凝视
glare at怒视
glance at匆匆一瞥
laugh at嘲笑
knock at敲（门、窗等） ‘
point at指向
smile at sb．冲某人笑
strike at向……打击
aim at向……瞄准
shoot at向……射击
call at拜访（地点）
7．动词+ from
differ from与……不同
suffer from受……苦
hear from收到……来信
die from因……而死
keep/stop/prevent.., from不让……做
learn from向……学习
result from由于
date from始于……时期
separate.., from把……分开
8．动词+of
think of想到
dream“梦到，渴望
consist of由……组成
speak of谈到
approve of赞成
die of死于
talk of谈到
hear of听说
complain of抱怨
become of发生……情况，怎么啦
9．动词+off
start off出发
set off出发
leave off中断
show off炫耀
get off下车
take off脱下，起飞
see sb. off为某人送行
ring off挂断电话
put off延期，断绝
come off脱落，褪色
cut off切断，断绝
fall off跌落，掉下
keep off避开，勿走近
go off爆炸，坏了
knock.., off把……撞落
break off打断
carry off携走，带走
get off离开，逃脱，下车，从……下来
give off散发出
turn/switch off关掉
pay off还清（债务）
pull off脱掉（衣或帽）
10．动词+ on
depend on依靠
rely on依靠
insist on坚持认为
carry on继续，进行
keep/go on继续
spend... On在……方面花钱
put on穿上，戴上，上演
call on拜访
move on继续移动，往前走
feed on以……为生
live on以……为生
take on雇用，呈现（新面貌等）
have on穿着
try on试穿
look on旁观
pass on传授，传递
hang on(打电话)不挂断，稍等片刻
turn/switch on打开
hold on等一等（别挂电话）
11．动词十out
break out爆发
point out指出
pick out选出
figure out算出
burst out迸发
bring out阐明，使表现出
carry out执行
help out帮助克服困难
hold out坚持下去，伸出，维持
set out出发，着手
wear out使……疲劳
turn out结果是，生产
make out理解，看清楚
corfie out出版，出来
cross out划掉
leave out省略，删掉
keep out (of)使不进入，挡住
work out算出，想出（办法等）
find out查出，弄明白
give out散发，分发，用完
try out试用，试验
look out当心，提防
put out扑灭
speak out大胆讲出
hand out散发
send out发出，派遣
run out用完
go out熄灭
let out泄漏，发出（声音）
check out查明，结账
12．动词+in
give in让步
hand in上交
bring in引进
drop in拜访
result in导致
succeed in在……方面获得成功
join in参加
take in接纳，吸收
get in收获，进入
break in强制进入，插话
fill in填写
call in召集，来访
cut in插入
persist in坚持
check in报到，登记
let in让……进来，放进
13．动词+into
look into研究，调查
turn into变成
burst into闯入，迸发
divide...into把……分成
change.., into把……变成
put/translate...into把……译成
run into碰到
14．动词+over
turn over翻倒，细想
think over仔细考虑
go over审阅，检查，研究，
look over翻阅，检查
get over克服
run over(车辆)碾过
take over接管，接替
fall over跌倒，摔倒
watch over看守，照看
change over更换
roll over翻滚
lean over伏在……上面
cross over穿过（街道）
leave over遗留
laugh over发笑
15．动词+to
belong to属于
object to反对
refer to谈到，涉及，参阅
point to指向
turn to向……求助，查阅
stick/hold/keep to坚持，忠于
see to处理，料理
come to苏醒
reply to答复
bring to使苏醒
get to到达
compare.., to与……相比，把……比作
agree to同意
write to...写信给……
supply.., to向……提供
lead to导致，通向
add to增添
attend to处理
connect to连接，相连
16．动词+ up
grow up成长，长大
give up放弃，献出
build up建立
set up架起，建立
put up搭起，架起，安装，住宿，张贴，盖起
go up增长，上涨
do up整理，包装，打扮
get up起床，站起
pick up拾起，学会，用车来接，收听到
turn up开大（音量等），出席，出现
bring up抚养，呕吐，提出
stay up挺住，熬夜
take up开始学，从事，占据
eat up吃完
use up用完
tear up撕碎
lay up积蓄，卧床
join up连接起来
make up构成，组成，化妆
cut up切碎
end up最终成为；最后处于
come up上来，长出，出现
speed up加快速度
throw up呕吐
clear up整理，收拾，放晴
look up查找，向上看
burn up烧毁
catch up赶上
hurry up赶快
fix up修理，安排，装置
keep up保持，维持，继续
send up发射
ring up打电话
open up开创,开辟
divide up分配
break up拆散，结束，分解
hang up挂断电话
hold up阻挡，使停顿
wake up醒来
wrap up包好，伪装
17．动词+ through
get through通过，接通（电话）
pull through渡过危机，康复
go through审阅，学习
see through识破
check through核对
look through翻阅，看一遍，仔细查看
18．动词+ with
connect with与……相连
deal with处理，对付
do with处理
meet with遇到，遭受
talk with同……交谈
agree with同意，与……一致
compare with与……相比
combine with与……相联合
equip.. with以……装备
cover...with用……覆盖
begin with以……开始
end with以……结束
supply...with以……供给
play with玩，玩弄
19．三个词以上的动词短语
①动词十名词十介词
apply one's mind to专心于
catch/take hold of抓住
devote one's life to为……献身
do (great) wrong to冤枉，委屈
fix one's eyes on凝视
get a good hold of抓牢
give advice on提出……建议
have trust in相信
have a word with...同……谈话
have a look at看一下
have trouble in...在……有麻烦
have mercy on同情，怜悯
help oneself to请吃，随便用
make friends with...同……交朋友
make (the) best use of充分利用
catch sight of瞧见，看见
devote oneself to献身于，专心于
do (great) harm to对……危害（大）
feel pity for...对……感到怜悯
form the habit of．，养成……的习惯
get rid of除去，摆脱
have none of不允许，不接受
have (no) difficulty in...在……（没）有困难
have (show) interest in...对……有兴趣
have words with...同……争吵
have (deep) effect on...对……有（深远）影响
have the honour of有幸
keep a record of记录
make a mistake about...对……产生误会
make an apology to...向……道歉
make one's way to走向
make preparations for准备
make a dive for猛冲
make room for...为……留地方
make fun of取笑
make a study of研究，学习
pay attention to注意
put one's heart and soul into全神贯注于
pass a judgement on判决
set fire to放火，点火
show respect for尊敬
showmercy to同情
say goodbye to..向……道别
say hello to打招呼
set an example to...给……树立榜样
shake hands with握手
take the side of支持，站在一边
take delight in...以……为乐
take aim at瞄准
throw light on阐明，使人明白
take part in参加
take a message for...给……捎个口信
②动词十副词十介词
add up to总计为
break away from...改掉……，与……脱离关系
be up to...应由……，轮到……
cut down on削减
catch up with赶上
come up to达到（标准），比得上
come up against遭到（反对、困难）
do well in...在……做得好
do away with废除
fit in with适合，符合
get through with完成，花光
get on (along) with进展，相处
go on with继续
go back on背信，背弃
go in for参加，爱好
go ahead with进行，继续下去
keep away from与……脱离关系，改掉
keep up with跟上
face up to面对，承担
fall back on依靠
get down to开始认真做
get out of从……出来，摆脱
go ahead of先行
go out of...从……出来
grow out of产生自
live up to不辜负
look out for提防，照看
look back upon回顾
look forward to盼望
run up against遇到
think highly“高度评价
work hard at努力于
look up to尊敬，仰慕
look down upon轻视，不重视
put up with忍受，容忍
run out of用完
watch out for当心，提防
③动词十介词十名词
arrive at a conclusion得出结论
burst into pieces成为碎片
burst into tears突然大哭
burst into laughter突然大笑
come to the rescue前来营救
come into use开始使用，实施
come into power当权，执政
come into effect开始生效
come into being产生，建立
come into light发亮
come to a conclusion得出结论
fly into a temper耍脾气
get into trouble陷入麻烦
plunge into sorrow使陷入悲伤
put..．to use使用，利用
set to work开始工作
（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:她提醒(读者)注意社会面临的环境危险,她教育人们必须对挽救他们的环境负责任。此处考查短语take responsibility for…意为“对……负责任”。故填for。
1.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】In Chinese art history, Qi Baishi ranks as a towering figure. His unusual and playful style opened ________ a new prospect in the imagery of traditional Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely recognized in modern society.
【答案】up
【解析】考查介词。句意：他独特而俏皮的画风开辟了中国传统绘画意象的新视野，留下了丰富的遗产，至今仍为现代社会所广泛认可。此处意为“打开，开辟”，表达为open up。故填up。
2.【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模）】The Long March-5 is China’s most powerful launch vehicle currently in operational service, _______ a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处使用了with的复合结构，表示“有”的意思。故填with。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】Delicate and sensitive _____45_____ the touch, Deng’s brilliant pieces are a sight to see. The red and pink mixture of colors and lighting surrounding the vases represent Chinese happiness and Western passion, attracting East and West in the same narrative, on the same canvas (画布).
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：邓的作品触感细腻、精美，令人叹为观止。此处为短语be sensitive to表示“对……敏感”。故填to。
2.【2023·广东省高三开学大联考】Nowadays, Chinese people like to eat out with relatives and friends during weekends or festivals. A typical meal starts ____44____ some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic, followed by the main courses, including hot meat and vegetable dishes.
【答案】with
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：一顿典型的饭开始吃一些冷菜，比如煮花生和大蒜拌黄瓜，然后是主菜，包括热肉和蔬菜。 start with“以……开始”。故填with。
3.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】The fleet, loaded with china, silk, tea and other treasures, paid friendly visits ____38____ more than 30 countries and regions.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：船队满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等珍宝，对30多个国家和地区进行了友好访问。结合句意可知，考查短语pay a visit/visits to表示“访问，参观”。故填to。
4.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】When Picasso was born, he was so weak that the nurse left him on the side table and simply began to attend ____45____ his mother.
【答案】to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：当毕加索出生时，他是如此虚弱，以至于护士把他留在了小桌子上，只是开始照顾他的母亲。attend to“照顾，照料”，结合句意可知，此处指护士开始照顾毕加索的妈妈，故填to。
5.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science ____36____Qian Xuesen.
【答案】than
【解析】查介词。句意：也许没有其他科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大。分析句子可知，空处前有形容词比较级greater，故此处考查比较级的结构，即“形容词比较级+than”，结合语意可知，此处意为“比”，故应用介词than。故填than。
6.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Nevertheless, the “No”s didn’t discourage him from taking ____40____the challenge.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：然而，这些所谓的“不”并没有阻止他接受这个挑战。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语take on，意为“接受”，故空处应填介词on。故填on。
7.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】China now has 43 items____42____the intangible cultural heritage list, continuing to be the most enlisted country in the world.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：中国现有43项非物质文化遗产名录，继续成为世界上名录数量最多的国家。on the list在名册中, 在清单上。故填on。
8. 【江苏省前黄中学2022-2023学高三下学期3月学情检测】Peking Opera is a slow process too. An often-repeated saying goes as follows: Three minutes on stage,10 years____37____ stage.
【答案】off
【解析】考查介词。句意：人们常说：“台上三分钟，台下十年功。” off stage台下。故填off。
9.【2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考】China witnessed its third aircraft carrier on June 17 in Shanghai, naming it ____1____ the eastern coastal province of Fujian.
【答案】after
【解析】考查介词。句意：6月17日，中国在上海见证了第三艘航空母舰，以东部沿海省份福建的名字命名。短语name...after意为“以……给……命名”。故填after。
10.【2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考】It will use a new system to launch fixed-wing aircraft, which will give it a much greater combat (作战) capability ____60____ its two predecessors (前任), the Liaoning and the Shandong.
【答案】than
【解析】考查比较级。句意：它将使用一种新的系统发射固定翼飞机，这将使其拥有比前两种型号辽宁舰和山东舰更大的作战能力。根据上文greater可知此处为比较级，意为“福建号的作战能力要比辽宁舰和山东舰强很多”。故填than。
11.【2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考】Now, ____39____ the C919 in place, domestic airlines can stop worrying about a supply crisis.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：现在，有了C919，国内航空公司不用再担心供应危机了。后跟名词作宾语，表示“有”应用介词with。故填with。
12. 【2023届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期3月教学情况调研（一）】Nature has always fascinated me. To brighten up the urban environment, there is nothing better ____56____ some attractive plants and flowers.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：要点亮城市环境，没有什么比一些迷人的植物和花卉更好的了。根据空前的“better”可知，此处表示比较，应用介词than引出比较对象。故填than。
13. 【2023届江苏南京市盐城市高三第二次调研】 Expectedly, the Suzhou-style penjing cultivation technique was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2011. ____59____ penjing, Suzhou gardens wouldn’t be as charming as they are today.
【答案】Without
【解析】考查介词。句意：如果没有盆景，苏州园林就不会像今天这样迷人。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Without。
14. 【江苏省通泰镇徐连宿淮7市2022-2023学年高三下学期期初联考】Over the past years, the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has experienced comprehensive changes. Water conservation in the area has risen ____62____ 11 percent every year, compared with 10 years ago.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：与10年前相比，该地区的节水率每年增长11%。rise by为固定搭配，其后常跟表示增长的幅度，也就是说增长了多少，by后通常接分数、百分数、倍数等。故填by。
15. 【江苏省南通市崇川区等5地2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考】It was about this time that my parents started voicing their disapproval. I was asked to reduce my usage of the internet. Yet, however hard I tried, I was unable to pull myself away. I was desperate_____42_____ just another click and another look at my message board. Then one day, my father took away my laptop. I complained but in vain.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词以及固定短语。句意：我渴望再次点击并再次查看我的留言板。分析句子可知，此处构成固定短语be desperate for表示“渴望得到”，故填for。
16．(2023·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研)Studies show that foods we think of ________ comfort foods don't contain any magical properties.
【答案】as
【解析】此处指“我们认为有安慰作用的食物”，动词短语think of ... as意为“把……看作”。故填as。
17．(2023·海南省琼海市嘉积中学高三月考)The experience reminded him ________ his love for the sport and inspired him to continue pursuing his passion, but now his methods are somewhat different.
【答案】of
【解析】此处指这次的经历提醒了他对运动的热爱。remind sb of sth “提醒某人某事”。故填of。
18．(2023·云南省昆明市高三摸底考试)Before you leave, make sure you find your boss, CEO and the staff that put the party together and thank them ________ a great event.
【答案】for
【解析】此处指“感谢他们组织了盛大的聚会”。thank sb for sth “因某事感谢某人”。故填for。
19．(2023·湖北省华中师大一附中高三期中检测)People often climb hills with cornels (茱萸) ________ the day of the Double Ninth Festival, aiming to dispel evils.
【答案】on
【解析】句意：人们经常在重阳节那天带着茱萸爬山，目的是驱邪。此处表示在具体的某一天，应用介词on。故填on。
20．(2023·江苏省泰州市高三调研)It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted ________ social media.
【答案】to
【解析】此处指“沉迷于社交媒体”。be addicted to “沉迷于……”。故填to。
21．(2023·辽宁省沈阳市名校联盟高三联考)The reasoning strategies in participants' written responses were well worthy ________ note.
【答案】of
【解析】此处指“值得注意”。be worthy of “值得……”。故填of。
22．(2023·湖北省宜荆荆恩四地市高三联考)Babies don't explore the world ________ chance.
【答案】by
【解析】句意：婴儿并非偶然地探索世界。by chance “偶然地”。故填by。
23．(2023·山西省运城市高三检测)It's often the project for groups or companies and hard for one person to finish the job due ________ its complexity and cost.
【答案】to
【解析】此处指“由于它的复杂性和费用”。due to “由于”。故填to。
24．(2023·福建省福州市第三中学第三次质量检测)However, getting rid ________ this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87－inch trunk is next to impossible.
【答案】of
【解析】此处指“除掉这棵树”。get rid of “除去；摆脱”。故填of。
能力提升
【2023·江西省南昌第十中学模拟】
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness, China is the world’s third most species-rich country. Therefore, China’s ___1___(achieve) in biodiversity conservation and wilderness protection are important to the future of global biodiversity conservation.
The vital biodiversity, ___2___(combine) with a large population, has led the government to reconsider its protected area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the rainforest in Hainan ___3___formal national parks. The new national park system will make it more practical ___4___(preserve) habitats and species. The aim is to preserve biodiversity and ensure a ___5___(harmony) relation between humans and nature.
The national parks cross China’s vast ecosystems, from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south ___6___the Hainan gibbon—a critically endangered species live, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Wuyi Mountain National Park to the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Platau—___7___source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River. The diversity of species and habitats under protection ___8___(reflect) in these parks’ names.
The national parks are open to all. Visitors can make reservations online in advance ___9___book on the spot. They should acquire a little local knowledge to get ___10___ (they) ready for the amazing trip and maximize their enjoyment.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园，新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。
1．achievements考查词形转换。因此，中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对全球生物多样性保护的未来具有重要意义。设空处在句中作主语，根据谓语动词are，可知句子的主语应为复数的形式。故填achievements。
2．combined考查非谓语动词。至关重要的生物多样性，加上庞大的人口，促使政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园。设空处在句中非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语之间The vital biodiversity是逻辑的被动关系，设空处应用动词的过去分词的形式。故填combined。
3．into 考查介词。句意见上题解析。固定搭配transform…into…把……转变成，故填into。
4．to preserve考查非谓语动词。新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加实际。设空处在句中作非谓语，表示目的应用动词不定式的形式。故填to preserve。
5．harmonious考查词形转换。目的是保护生物多样性，确保人与自然之间的和谐关系。设空处后为名词， 设空处应用形容词的形式修饰名词。故填harmonious。
6．where考查定语从句。这些国家公园横跨中国广阔的生态系统，从生活着极度濒危物种海南长臂猿的南方海南热带雨林国家公园，到大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、武夷山国家公园，再到位于黄河、长江和澜沧江源头的青藏高原上的三江源国家公园。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park在句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。
7．the 考查冠词。句意见上题解析。根据空后的“of the Yellow River(黄河之滨)”可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
8．is reflected考查谓语动词。这些公园的名字反映了受保护的物种和栖息地的多样性。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为the diversity of species and habitats，结合主谓一致。故填is reflected。
9．or 考查连词。游客可以提前在网上预订或现场预订。设空处表示选择，意为“或”、“还是”。故填or。
10．themselves考查反身代词。他们应该掌握一些当地的知识，为这次奇妙的旅行做好准备，最大限度地享受旅行的乐趣。当主语they和宾语是同一群人时，应用反身代词作get的宾语。故填themselves。
真题感知
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里你会发现它们的准备方式有所不同——更多的饺子和少许的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）And who do they speak English 58. ?
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?speak English with sb意为“和/对某人说英语”,故本空应用介词with。
3.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
4.（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61. royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:从佛寺到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至连它的布局都是如此,这座城市保存了其精心建造的环路系统。根据空前from Buddhist temples to museums可知,空前的narrow hutong前省略介词from,故本空应用介词to。
5.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:她提醒(读者)注意社会面临的环境危险,她教育人们必须对挽救他们的环境负责任。此处考查短语take responsibility for…意为“对……负责任”。故填for。
6.【2022·新高考I卷】Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
7.【2022·全国甲卷】Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
8.【2022·全国高考乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】 by
【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
9.（2021新课标II卷）A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
10.（2021全国甲卷）It was built (build) originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【答案】in/during
【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
11.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____40____ 2. 1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。
12.（2021全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.
【答案】until
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
13.（2021全国乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types __________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
14.（2020新课标I卷）because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so __________ the familiar near side.
【答案】than
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
15.（2021年浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it _________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
16. （2020年山东卷）Museums must compete ________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
17.（2021年北京卷）While riding his bike home ________ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。
18.（2020新课标II卷）Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
19.（2020新课标II卷）Bamboo plants are associated ___________ health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
20.（2020新课标III卷）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _________ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
21.（2020年北京卷）Over time, the bags fall apart___ ___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
【答案】into/to
【解析】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
22.（2020年浙江卷）Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __________ ，through agriculture.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
23.（2020年浙江卷）Farming produced more food per person __________ hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children
【答案】than
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知，此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比，应用比较连词than。more… than，意为“比……更”故填than。
24.（2020浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven ________two factors.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
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