2024届高考英语一轮总复习第一部分选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists课件

这是一份2024届高考英语一轮总复习第一部分选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists课件，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了核心单词阅读词汇，减少减小降低，severe，decrease，thinking，cell，virus，finding，vaccine，solid等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.chlera n.霍乱
2.diarrhea n.腹泻
3.dehydratin n.脱水
4.germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌5.prf n.证据；证明；检验
6.interventin n.介入；出面；干涉
7.raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的8.statistic n.[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学9.epidemilgy n.流行病学10.micrscpe n.显微镜11.prtein n.蛋白质
12.framewrk n.框架；结构
13.shadw n.阴影；影子；背光处14.rainbw n.彩虹
15.leadership n.领导；领导地位；领导才能16.telescpe n.望远镜
高频词汇1.________ adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2.___________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的3.________ n.减少；降低；减少量　vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)
substantial
4.________ n.思想；思维；见解5.________ n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房
6.________ n.病毒
7.________ n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
8.________ n.疫苗
9.________ adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的　n.固体10.________ vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
11.________ vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
12.__________ n.混凝土　adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
13.___________ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
14.________ adj.抽象的；理性的　n.(文献等的)摘要
15.________ n.概念；观念
16.________ adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
拓展词汇1._________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate v.使受挫折；令人沮丧→_________ n.挫折；失败；失意2.________________ adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的→
cntraditin n.矛盾；反驳
3.infect vt.使感染；传染→________ adj.被传染的→________
cntradictry
4.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→ ___________ n.订阅→___________ n.订户5.________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v.乘；(使)
blamelessly
6._________ vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→___________ adj.猜疑的；疑心的；表示怀疑的
7._________ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责
blameful adj.应受责备的；该受责备的→blameless adj.无可指责的→____________ adv.无可责难地
subscriptin
8.handle n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、
工具等)→_________ n.处理者；管理者
9.________ n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联→linker
n.链接器→________ adj.连接的；链接的
10.pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→________ adv.纯粹地→
________ v.净化
transfrmatin
11.transfrm v.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变→______________ n.转变；变化
12.________ adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv.最初13.mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→__________ n.
14.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→________________ n.防卫；防御措施→__________ adj.防守的；防御用的15.____________ n.助理；助手→_________ v.帮助；促进→assistance n.帮助；援助
defense/defence
16.trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹→________adj.源于→________ n.追踪者17.________ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→_______n.礼物；赠品；天赋；天才18.________ adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定
19.astrnmy n.天文学→_____________ n.天文学家
20.fault n.弱点；过错→________ adj.有错误的；有缺点的；出毛病的
21.shift n. 改变；转移；轮班
vi.& vt. 转移；挪动；转向→
________ adj.变化的；诡异的；机智的→_________ adj.懒惰的；得过且过的；没出息的22.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→_________ adv.生动地；强烈地
【熟义】adj.未经处理的；原始的【生义】adj.未煮的；生的
【典例】Peple can becme infected after eating raw r
undercked meat.人们在吃生的或未煮熟的肉后可能会被感染。
【熟义】adj.固体的；坚实的 n.固体【生义】adj.可靠的
【典例】Yu need smene wh is slid and stable.你需要一个
重点短语1.attend ________ 照顾；致力于2.nce and fr ________ 最终地；彻底地
3._________ t 同意；赞同
4.be t ________ 应受到责罚；应承担责任
5.________ t 幸亏；由于
6.________ this reasn 由于这个原因
7.break _______ (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发8.in charge ________ 主管；掌管9.________ dwn 患(病)；染上(小病)10.abve ________ 最重要的是；尤其是
1.It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump smuch that she ________ ________ ________ t her huse every day.看起来似乎是这个女人如此喜欢水泵的水以至于她每天都把水运到她家。句式结构句式 1：have sth.dne 让某事被做
2.The peple wh drank this water were much ________________ t get chlera ________ thse wh drank pure r biledwater.喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更有可能感染霍乱。句式结构句式 2：意为“比……更……”
3.Hwever, ________ might have made him such an utstandingand creative scientist ________ prbably his strng interest in therthings, such as music and drawing.然而，能让他成为如此杰出而又有创造力的科学家，可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。句式结构句式 3：what 引导的主语从句
4.________ he ________ ________ with a disease which causedhim t lse the use f mst f his muscles, his wrld became ne fabstract thught.由于他得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病，他的世界变成了一个抽象的思想世界。句式结构句式 4：since 引导的原因状语从句
课文复现Jhn Snw, a well-knwn dctr in Lndn, became 1.________(inspire) when he thught abut helping rdinary peple wh2.______________ (expse) t chlera, a 3._________ (dead) diseasef its day.Many thusands f peple died and sme needed4.__________________________ (attend) t every time there was anutbreak because n ne knew the cause f it. Jhn Snw wanted thelp slve the prblem.
were expsed
t be attended/attending
Dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries 5.________(explain) hw chlera killed peple.He believed in the secnd thery6.________ suggested that peple 7._________ (absrb) the diseasewith their meals.In 1854, 8.________ anther utbreak hit Lndn, hewas ready t test the tw theries. 9.________ the help f the map hemade, he gt a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease and wasable t annunce that the water was 10.__________ (blame).
单句语法填空1.Land is _______ (severe) depleted by urbanizatin, ppulatingrwth, intensive agriculture and climate change.2.She has always subscribed ________ the view that childrenshuld be given respnsibility frm an early age.3.It wasn't my character, but circumstances which were _______
4.She came ________ with this summer flu everyne's gettingand went hme befre I gt in.
5.Plice did nt identify the ________ (suspect), but said he was
frm Alger, Washingtn.
6.Yu can ________ (pure) water by biling and filtering number f peple wh have the disease has _________
(decrease) significantly in recent years.
substantially
8.There are ne r tw minr differences, but they're _________
(substantial) the same text.
9.Children and verseas students shuld be able t learn newwrds withut cnstant __________ (assist).10.She was a ________ (gift) painter in Eurpe.
1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的【典例】
①Many peple feel the punishment shuld have been mre severe.
许多人觉得这个惩罚本应该更严厉些。
② Severe stress typically sends the bdy int a state f shck,flding it with varius hrmnes and metablites. 严重的压力常使身体处于休克状态，体内充斥着各种激素和代谢物。
severe cnditin 苛刻条件severe punishment 严厉惩罚severe cld 严寒
severe stress 严重压力
be severe with/n sb.对……严格/发火
【辨析】severe, strict 与 serius
(1)severely adv.严重地(2)severity n.严重程度
(1)The party suffered ________ ________ (严重损失) during thelast electin.
(2)Punishment frm plice is ften mre severe ________students and will prevent future bullying better.(3)The chances f a full recvery will depend n the ________(severe) f her injuries.
2.subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
①If yu subscribe t this newspaper, yu'll get an extra magazine.
如果你订阅这份报纸，你会得到一本额外的杂志。
②Hw much did yu subscribe t the disaster fund？你向赈灾
subscribe t 订阅；同意；赞同；捐款subscribe fr 认购；预定
subscribe regularly 定期订购
subscribed capital 已发行资本；认购资本
【辨析】subscribe 与 apprve
subscriptin n.捐助；订阅费；会员费；订购，订阅subscriptin service 订阅服务annual subscriptin 年度订阅
(1)On tp f that, I dn't have t subscribe ________ anythingand I dn't have anything t recycle r thrw away.(2)The scial business starts with all the ___________ (subscribe)capital it shuld need.
(3)他定期向这个组织捐款。He ___________ _________ t this rganizatin.
3.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
She blamed her husband fr the failure f their marriage.她因他
们婚姻的失败责怪她的丈夫。
blame sb.fr sth.因某事而责怪某人
sb.be t blame (fr...) 某人应承担(……) 责任；该( 因……) 受
表示某人该受责备时，常用主动形式 sb.be t blame 表示被动
take/bear the blame fr 承担……的责任
take/bear respnsibility fr 承担(对坏事应负的)责任
【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)My life is ruined and I suppse I nly have myself _________
(2)There's n reasn fr us t bear the blame ________ them.(3)I used t blame my parents ________ messing up my life.
4.link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
①Of curse, mst f China was flurishing at the time, but theywere able t get a rad built t link them up t the rest f China.当然了，那段时间整个中国都是一派繁忙景象。这个村子建了一条公路，从此与外界相通。
②Pliteness is the way we individual humans link up with therest f the human wrld utside f ur circles f family and friends.礼貌是我们人类个体在家庭和朋友圈子之外与人类世界的其他部分联系的方式。
【归纳】link up 会合；连接；联系link up with 与……联系起来把……和……连起来be linked t/with 与……连接；与……有关联；与……有联系【即学即用】
(1)The Channel Tunnel links Britain _______ the rest f Eurpe.
(2)这些乐队已联合起来，准备办一场慈善音乐会。The bands have ________ ________ fr a charity cncert.(3)每个目的地的名字会与另外一个包含着更多细节的文件相
The name f each destinatin might _______ ________ _______anther dcument that cntains mre details.
5.transfrm vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
①She helps transfrm literature int braille t bring the pwerf stry and knwledge t the hearts and minds f blind readers.她帮着把文学作品翻译成盲文，把故事和知识的力量带到了盲人读者的心中。
②I'm fully aware that it's the experience frm my life abrad thathas ttally transfrmed me.我充分地意识到正是我在国外的经历完全地改变了我。
transfrm sb./sth.使……改观；使……焕然一新
transfrm sb./sth.(frm...)int...使……(从……)变成……transfrm int 转换成……【拓展】
(1)transfrmatin n.(外观或性质的)改变；变革(2)transfrmer n.变压器
(1)Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lkingback, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm-based sciety ____an industrial pwer.完成句子，每空一词(2)最好的公司可以依靠一个好主意在几年内从萌芽成长为
The best nes can take a gd idea and use it t ______________________ frm embrys ________ giants in a few years.
1.thanks t 幸亏；由于【典例】
①We've reached ur gal f $50,000, thanks t the genersityf the public.由于公众的慷慨解囊，我们已经达到了我们的目标50 000 美元。
②Thank yu fr that lvely meal; it was a veritable feast！谢谢
你的那顿美餐，真是一顿名副其实的盛宴！
表示“由于”的短语有：due t, wing t, because f, n accunt
f, as a result f。
due t 用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”，在句中多作表语，有时作状语。wing t 可以和 due t 换用，但在句中多作状语，也可作表语。because f 着重说明某种理由，在句中通常作状语。
(1)________ (thank) fr helping my grandmther get t the htel.(2)The flight was delayed, ________ (we) t the bad weather.完成句子，每空一词(3)多亏了商品潮和财政收入的增加，近几年来多国政府才能
顺利挺过经济萧条时期。
________ ________the cmmdity bm and rising revenues,gvernments in many cuntries have had an easy time f it in the pastfew years.
2.break ut (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发【典例】
①When Wrld War I brke ut, he seemed t have becmeanther man, dwnhearted.第一次世界大战爆发时他似乎变成了另一个人，变得非常消沉。
②Our sldiers quickly brke thrugh the enemy's defense wrks.
我军战士很快突破了敌军的防御工事。
break ut f 突破
break away frm 脱离；摆脱
break dwn 出故障；垮掉；打破；消除break thrugh 冲破；突破break in 插嘴；闯入break int 破门而入
break ff 中断；折断；断绝
break up 打碎；破碎；结束；解散
(1)要是他能踩着什么东西就好了，他就能够脱离那个急流了。If nly he culd get his feet n smething, he were able t _____________ f the swift current.(2)这个年轻人有足够的勇气去打破传统观点。The yung man was curageus enugh t ________ ________
frm traditinal ideas.
(3)他中断了谈话去接电话。
He ________ ________ speaking t answer the telephne.
3.abve all 最重要的是；尤其是【典例】①She was the apple f his eye and he lved her abve allhumanity.她是他的掌上明珠，他爱她胜过一切。
abve all things. 他
②They tld him it was what they wished们告诉他，这正是他们最大的心愿。【归纳】abve all things 最重要的是；首先是
【拓展】all in all 总的来说all ver 到处；处处all but 几乎；差不多【即学即用】
(1)All ________ all it had been a great success.
(2)最要紧的是你们一定要保持联系。________ ________, make sure yu keep in tuch.(3)他的笔迹几乎没法辨认。It was ________ ________impssible t read his writing.
1.It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s
much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.(教材 P2)看起来似乎是这个女人如此喜欢水泵的水以至于她每天都把水运到她家。
【剖析】本句中 have sth.dne 是常见用法，意为“让某事被
①I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraphs
taken.我需要一个新护照，所以不得不拍新照片。
②(2020·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解 C)Unusual fashin shws in NewOrleans and Brklyn have nutria fur made int clthes in differentstyles.在新奥尔良和布鲁克林不同寻常的时装表演上，海狸鼠的皮毛被制成了不同风格的衣服。
(1)have sb./sth.ding sth.意为“让某人或某物一直做某事”，在否定句中，尤其与 wn't、can't 等连用时，可表示“容忍或允许”之意。
(2)have sb.d sth.意为“让/使某人做某事”，强调事实。
【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)Yu'd better have yur eyes ________ (examine) tmrrw.(2)As a respnsible teacher, he can't have any f his students________ (cheat) in the exam.(3)Tell the persn yu're srry and explain that yu have amillin things _______ (d) and then ask if the tw f yu can talk at
a different time.
2.Hwever, what might have made him such an utstandingand creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther
things, such as music and drawing.(教材 P8)然而，能让他成为如此杰出而又有创造力的科学家，可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。
【剖析】本句是 what 引导的主语从句，谓语用第三人称单数
①“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that theywere full f smiles，” Bridges said.“我能够为给予最多的人们所说的是他们都充满了微笑。”布里奇斯说。
②What's particularly interesting is the attitude varius citieshave tward Dubanchet's cause.特别有趣的是各个城市对杜班切特事件的态度。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而 what 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分。如：
It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.I'll d what I can (d) t help him.