2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第三册Unit4SpaceExploration单元主题训练

UNIT 4 单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2023·佛山二模)The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.

Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US, have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in space travel, according to Newswise.They've developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future.Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.

“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time，” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers.“We currently don't do large, long­duration trips because we can't store fuel long enough in space.”

Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets.The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflower­shaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.

“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this？’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said.“Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami.I realized I was good at it and enjoyed it.Now, I fold constantly.”

Using origami for space purposes isn't new, however.Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.

“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding，” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project, said in a statement.“There are so many patterns to still be explored.”

1．Which can be the suitable title for the text?

A．Folding into space.

B．The art of paper folding.

C．Space exploration.

D．The origami­inspired projects.

解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The future of ..., the ancient art of paper folding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。

2．How could the “bladder” help in future missions?

A．To protect spacecrafts from extreme weather.

B．To be used to store and supply fuel in spacecrafts.

C．To help rocket engines cut energy consumption.

D．To be used to improve energy efficiency.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“They've developed ...in spacecrafts of the future.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。

3．What can we know about NASA's Starshade?

A．It can be used to get telescopes closer to stars.

B．It can enlarge the view of telescopes in space.

C．It can absorb a star's light before it enters telescopes.

D．It can help telescopes get clearer pictures of objects in space.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中“The agency is ...to view distant objects more clearly in space.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。

4．Which section is this text from?

A．A travel journal.  B．A digest.

C．A science report.  D．An advertisement.

解析：选C　推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。

B

The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.

One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.

Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth­based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.

Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have round­edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl­shaped insides, and depths that are about one­sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。

5．What does the text mainly discuss?

A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.

B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.

C．The origin of the moon's craters.

D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.

解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。

6．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned?

A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.

B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.

C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.

D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“The contrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。

7．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in Paragraph 3 as an example of ________.

A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions

B．a characteristic of large craters

C．a discovery made through the use of earth­based telescopes

D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth­based telescopes can recognize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。

8．The last paragraph probably continues with______.

A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed

B．the different shapes small craters can have

C．the reasons craters are difficult to study

D．the description of some features of large craters

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

The Cassini­Huygens space probe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing photographs of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.__9__ The different colours show exactly what the rings are.The red means the ring contains tiny pieces of rock and the blue and green is likely to be a mixture of water and frozen gases.__10__ That's why it is so light and it could float on water — if a big enough ocean could be found!

__11__ It aims to explore the planet and its rings and moons.It was launched in 1997 and its mission was to explore the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet to be seen from the Earth without a telescope.

Scientists say the spacecraft's four­year tour of Saturn may tell them how the rings are formed.__12__

The probe has sent back pictures of some of Saturn's moons, including Phoebe and Titan.Phoebe has a strange shape.___13__ Saturn's biggest moon, Titan, is believed to be the only body in the solar system other than the Earth with liquid on the surface.The images of Phoebe and Titan look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions.

A．Saturn itself is made of gases.

B．The pictures are hard to take in space.

C．The probe is an international space project.

D．They will discover more secrets about the spacecraft.

E．The pictures show them in shades of blue, green and red.

F．It will also study the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field.

G．Unlike other planets and their moons, it is not perfectly round.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Cassini­Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。

9．选E　根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中photographs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。

10．选A　根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。

11．选C　根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中The probe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。

12．选F　根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中the spacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。

13．选G　根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phoebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。

Ⅲ.完形填空

A 54­year­old dentist, Goodman purchased his first __14__ and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL)．“There aren't too many big astronomy __15__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.”

HAL which has about 120 members __16__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __17__ of creating a new generation of sky __18__.

Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __19__ just after World War Ⅱ，__20__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer.

Members offer several reasons for the __21__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __22__； people think the telescopes are hard to __23__.

But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __24__.

HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __25__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __26__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo.

Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __27__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman.

“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __28__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。

14．A.radio　　　　　　　 B．telescope

C．machine  D．computer

解析：选B　根据后文Howard Astronomical League可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。

15．A.schools  B．clubs

C．companies  D．centers

解析：选B　根据上文Howard Astronomical League可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。

16．A.takes  B．holds

C．builds  D．opens

解析：选B　根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools”也有提示。故选B。

17．A.opinion  B．suggestion

C．goal  D．agreement

解析：选C　根据后文“of creating a new generation of sky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。

18．A.watchers  B．astronauts

C．visitors  D．astronomers

解析：选A　根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。

19．A.successful  B．popular

C．important  D．secure

解析：选B　根据后文now it is “kind of graying”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。

20．A.and  B．so

C．but  D．though

解析：选C　根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。

21．A.shortcomings  B．disadvantages

C．failure  D．decline

解析：选D　根据上文now it is “kind of graying”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。

22．A.watch out  B．go away

C．go out  D．give away

解析：选C　根据上文“kids today would rather look at stuff on computers”可知，如今的孩子喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。

23．A.operate  B．purchase

C．adjust  D．calculate

解析：选A　根据上文people think the telescopes are hard to可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。

24．A.sky  B．universe

C．earth  D．world

解析：选B　根据上文considering Earth's tiny place in the可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。

25．A.skillful  B．excellent

C．potential  D．patient

解析：选C　根据上文a new generation of可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。

26．A.pick  B．insert

C．fit  D．place

解析：选C　根据后文“the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。

27．A.totally  B．conveniently

C．partly  D．conventionally

解析：选B　根据后文“located near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。

28．A.chosen  B．designed

C．completed  D．found

解析：选C　根据上文“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。

Ⅳ.语法填空

The 500­metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, also known as China's Tianyan or “Sky Eye”， has__1__ (official) opened to global scientists since March, 2021.

As we know, radio telescopes __2__ (design) to “listen” or “receive” signals emitted from the universe.With specialized antennas (天线) and radio receivers, these telescopes can detect radio waves from stars, galaxies and black holes.The data collected in turn help scientists  __3__  (good)  explore the universe.It will also be used occasionally to search for alien life.

The giant radio telescope will also help find more pulsars (脉冲星), which send out steady signals and waves in a regular rhythm.Scientists use pulsars __4__  (study) the extreme states of matter, measure cosmic (宇宙的) distances and track time in an ultra­precise (超精密) way.So far, it __5__ (discover) more than 240 pulsars.

__6__  (locate) in southwest China's Guizhou Province，__7__ largest single­dish radio telescope of the world was completed in 2016.It was put to use __8__ January 11, 2020.FAST is now the only “Sky Eye” __9__ humans can use to observe cosmic waves.It has immense potential to detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves, __10__  (provide) data support for research into the physical process of the Big Bang, according to experts at the NAO.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“天眼”望远镜已经投入使用和其工作原理，它为研究大爆炸的物理过程提供了数据支持。

1．officially　考查副词。使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。

2．are designed　考查时态和语态。该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语 radio telescopes (复数意义)和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。

3．better　考查比较级。科学家这样做的目的是为了研究宇宙，那么通过收集到的数据会促进科学家“更好地”研究宇宙，因此这里使用比较级的形式。

4．to study　考查动词不定式。此处使用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了做某事”。

5．has discovered　考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“so far”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语it为单数意义，故填has discovered。

6．Located　考查过去分词。主语 telescope与locate是被动关系，应填locate的过去分词作状语。(be)located in “位于”。

7．the　考查冠词。由“of the world”和“largest”可知，该单碟射电望远镜是世界范围内最大的，这是形容词的最高级形式。

8．on　考查介词。此处表示“在具体的某一天”，应使用介词on。

9．that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词Sky Eye(指物)在从句中作宾语并且先行词前有the only限制，因此应用关系代词that而不能使用which引导定语从句。

10．providing　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，provide在句中作非谓语动词，它与前面的“detect fast radio bursts and gravitational waves”在逻辑上是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。

Ⅴ.应用文写作

假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Carson写邮件与你探讨太空探索的未来。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：

1．表示对该话题感兴趣；

2．探讨太空探索的未来；

3．期待更多交流。

注意：写作词数应为80左右。

参考范文：

Dear Carson，

I am interested in discussing the future of space exploration with you.

In the future, more and more private companies from around the world will invent new generations of spaceships, which will reduce the cost of sending humans into space.We will see the next generation of moonwalkers, as well as the development of new technology that will help us better explore outer space.Nations should join hands in space exploration.

I hope we will further our discussions about the topic and share the latest news and information.Looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours，

Li Hua