2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection单元主题训练

UNIT 3 单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

 Efforts to preserve the Amazon rainforest are growing ever more urgent as the ecosystem's destruction accelerates. A recent study shows that a new program combining on­the­ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes on Amazon deforestation (毁林) — and potentially that of forests elsewhere.

The scientists cooperated with 76 local communities, 36 of which participated in using satellite­based “early deforestation alerts”， an early­alert system on a smartphone app, to watch over the forest and to inspect forests and document damage. Over the next two years the participants were paid to work as forest monitors and received monthly alerts via the app when satellite data indicated local forest losses. Monitors investigated alerts and inspected for deforestation in the areas. They reported confirmed losses back to their communities, which decided whether to deal with the affairs on their own or inform state authorities.

The researchers analyzed the same forest­loss satellite data from the given time period in all 76 communities. They found the program reduced forest loss by 8.4 hectares (公顷) in the first year — a 52 percent reduction compared with the average loss in the control communities, says Tara Slough, an economist at New York University. “This reduction in deforestation was concentrated in communities facing the largest threat of forest loss，” she adds.

Results for the program were less striking in its second year, when forest loss was reduced by only 3.3 hectares compared with that in control communities. The researchers explain that a Peruvian government campaign against coca planting that year may have discouraged deforestation in both experimental and control communities, narrowing differences between the two groups in the program.

Experts say this approach to dealing with Amazonian deforestation looks promising. Local groups may continue the work they started in the program. “We want to apply this in other communities. In doing so, we are making a contribution to the world，” wrote Francisco, a community member involved in the research.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的项目，通过智能手机应用程序上的早期警报系统，监视森林、检查森林并记录破坏情况，用这种方法减缓对亚马逊雨林的破坏。

1．What can we learn about the new program?

A．It applies to all the forests.

B．It adopts multiple technologies.

C．It involves no human participation.

D．It solves the problem beforehand.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study shows ...of forests elsewhere.”可知，这个新项目将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，采用了多种技术。故选B项。

2．How did the researchers conduct the study?

A．By analyzing the data.

B．By surveying the monitors.

C．By observing the area.

D．By investigating the damage.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers analyzed ... at New York University.”可知，研究人员是通过分析卫星数据进行这项研究的，该项目在第一年将森林损失减少了8.4公顷。故选A项。

3．What do the researchers think of the effect of the program?

A．Stable.　　　　 B．Positive.

C．Unconvincing.  D．Discouraging.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段 “The researchers analyzed ...at New York University.”和最后一段“Experts say this approach ... started in the program.”可知，研究人员分析了卫星数据，数据显示，这个项目在第一年将森林损失减少了8.4公顷，与被控制社区的平均损失相比减少了52%，并且专家也认为这种处理亚马逊森林砍伐的方法看起来很有希望，由此可知，研究人员认为该项目的效果是积极乐观的。故选B项。

4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Amazon Protecting the Rainforest

B．Experts Testing Early­alert System

C．Communities Dealing With Deforestation

D．Smartphone Watching Over the Forest

解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第二段“The scientists cooperated with 76 ... document damage.”可知，本文主要介绍了一个新的项目，将地面监测与卫星数据和智能手机技术相结合，通过智能手机应用程序上的早期警报系统，监视森林、检查森林并记录破坏情况，用这种方法减缓对亚马逊雨林的破坏。故选D项。

B

The Antarctic's snow­white environment is going green and facing other unexpected threats.

Scientists say that as temperatures go up in the polar areas, invading (侵袭) plants and insects, including the flies, cause a major threat.

More and more of these invaders, in the form of larvae (幼虫) or seeds，are surviving in coastal areas around the South Pole, where the temperature has risen by almost 3℃ over the past five decades.Glaciers have melted, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before — providing potential green homes for invaders.

“The common houseflies are a perfect example of the problem the Antarctic now faces from invading species，” said Dominic Hodgson of the British Antarctic Survey.“They arrive by ship, where they exist in kitchens.They now have an increasing chance of surviving in the Antarctic as it warms up, and that is a worry.Insects like the houseflies carry bacteria that could have a deadly effect on native life forms.”

The Antarctic has several native species of insects.Together with its native mosses, these are now under increased threat from three major sources: visiting scientists, increasing number of tourists and global warming.However, it is  global warming that is the main driver  of the “greening” of the Antarctic.

In the 2015－2016 travel season, more than 38,000 tourists visited the Antarctic.“These tourists are often very careful about not leaving waste.But they could carry seeds or larvae on their boots when they set foot on the Antarctic，” said Dominic.

More and more invading insects and plants have been found on the Antarctic and have required removal.“The insects and plants that are native to the Antarctic have survived there for thousands of years，” said Dominic.“We have to act now if we want to save the environment.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是由于全球气温上升等原因，各种各样的威胁正置南极地区于危险之中。

5．What does the underlined word “mosses” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Houseflies.  B．Coastal areas.

C．A kind of plants.  D．A kind of animals.

解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句，特别是其后的定语从句“that have been found ...for invaders”可知，画线词指的是一种植物。

6．What do we know about the houseflies in the Antarctic?

A．They are native to the Antarctic.

B．They will die out because of the freezing weather.

C．They come to the Antarctic from nearby islands on their own.

D．They could severely influence the native species of the Antarctic.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，南极地区的家蝇所携带的细菌会严重影响当地的物种。

7．What is the main cause of the Antarctic going green?

A．The arrival of scientists.

B．The increasing number of visitors.

C．The rapid spread of native plants.

D．The rising temperature around the world.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，南极地区变绿的主要原因是全球气候变暖。

8．What's the best title for the text?

A．The Antarctic Is Becoming Green and Energetic

B．Various Threats Are Putting the Antarctic at Risk

C．More and More Scientists Get to Explore the Antarctic

D．Global Warming Causes the Temperature in the Antarctic to Go Up

解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述的是各种各样的威胁正置南极地区于危险之中。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Keeping curious kids from disrupting wildlife

Interacting with the wild, naturally curious kids tend to collect seashells at the beach or keep small wildlife as pets.__9__ So how to help kids protect the wild while enjoying spending time outside? Here are alternatives for some of the most common outdoor behaviour no­nos.

Take an interest, not things.Kids show interest in picking flowers, rocks, or shells outdoors.They're part of wildlife's habitat and play an important role.__10__ Let kids explore with a magnifying glass (放大镜) instead of their curious fingers.Let whatever they find outside stay outside.

__11__ It seems a fun idea to throw pieces of bread to ducks.Animals have unique dietary needs that are different from humans'.Eating human food can make them sick or become dependent on human food.Bears are an example of animals that often have to be killed after developing a taste for human food.

Admire animal afar, not disrupt nearby.The urge to take a photo with a squirrel, bird, or slow­moving turtle can be strong for kids.__12__ Instead, remind kids to stay away and show them how to use a camera's zoom button, or just admire with their eyes.

Take well­worn paths, not off­road romps (嬉戏)．Kicking piles of leaves, stepping on bushes, and walking through forested areas can unintentionally scare wildlife.If surprised animals defend their homes, everyone could get hurt.Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their home and act rudely.__13__

A．Keep snacks away from animals.

B．Share food if animals are hungry.

C．Exposure to them develops kids' love and curiosity.

D．The same rule applies to visiting wildlife in their homes.

E．Animals rely on plants for hiding; rocks and shells, for homes.

F．Approaching animals disrupts what they do for survival, such as eating.

G．Despite innocent purposes, kids' curiosity accidentally damages the wild.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样帮助孩子们在享受户外时光的同时保护自然环境。

9．选G　空前一句“与野生动物互动，生性好奇的孩子倾向于在海滩收集贝壳或养小型野生动物作为宠物。”说明孩子们喜欢与野生动物互动，选项G承接上文。选项中curiosity 和上文中的curious 一致。

10．选E　根据空前两句“孩子们对在户外采摘花朵、捡岩石或贝壳表现出兴趣。它们是野生动物栖息地的一部分，起着重要的作用。”可知，选项E承接上文，具体说明这些东西的作用。

11．选A　下文提到动物有着与人类不同的独特的饮食需求。吃人类的食物会使他们生病或变得依赖人类的食物。这说明向动物投送零食是不正确的行为，选项A概括本段主题，文意通顺，符合逻辑。

12．选F　本段首句“远远地观看动物，不要靠近打扰。”说明本段主题是不要靠近动物，选项F符合本段主题。

13．选D　空前一句“没有人喜欢有客人闯进来，破坏他们的家园，行为粗鲁。”选项D说明同样的规则也适用于野生动物。上下文语义通顺，逻辑合理。

Ⅲ.完形填空

She looked up at me sadly, her pain being unbearably obvious.I __14__ her as she swam silently around the small pool.The top left corner of her yellow shell was __15__， and her flippers (鳍状肢) were filled with cuts and scars.

These __16__ creatures looked as though they were war heroes wounded in battle, but they were just a group of innocent sea turtles injured by __17__ humans.

Earlier that day, our students learned those endangered sea turtles were being __18__ all the time __19__ water pollution, litter, and careless boaters and fishermen.We were taught how to __20__ the deaths and injuries of this species and conserve our ocean life and environment.

I had been conscious of the damage our environment was suffering __21__ I had never truly been given the opportunity to __22__ the devastating(毁灭性的) effects of environmental destruction until I observed that __23__.Seeing a picture of these animals cannot truly sense the __24__ on their faces.Now that I have witnessed the __25__ caused by the pollution and people's carelessness, I try to encourage my friends to __26__ their eating habit, which can __27__ our environment.We need to start saving our environment now __28__ it's too late.

14．A.recognized  B．introduced

C．watched  D．satisfied

解析：选C　根据语境，“我”看着她，她静静地在小池塘里游着。watch意为“观察；观看”，符合题意。

15．A.strange  B．missing

C．shining  D．complex

解析：选B　根据下文可知，这是只受伤的海龟。此处应该是指左上部的黄色外壳不见(missing)了。

16．A.troublesome  B．rare

C．ugly  D．unfortunate

解析：选D　根据上文语境可知，这些受伤的生物是不幸的(unfortunate)。

17．A.skilful  B．stubborn

C．intelligent  D．careless

解析：选D　根据第三段中的“careless boaters and fishermen”可知，这是一群无辜的海龟，被粗心的(careless)人类伤害。

18．A.studied  B．discovered

C．killed  D．displayed

解析：选C　这些濒临灭绝的海龟因为(because of)水污染、乱丢垃圾、粗心大意的渔船和渔民而被杀(killed)。

19．A.because of  B．in case of

C．in spite of  D．apart from

解析：选A　参见上题解析。

20．A.report  B．lessen

C．escape  D．prove

解析：选B　根据常识，我们被教育如何减少这个物种的死亡和伤害，lessen为动词，意为“减少”。

21．A.so  B．but  C．or  D．and

解析：选B　“我”已意识到我们的环境不断遭受伤害，但(but)“我”从来没有真正有机会看到(see)环境破坏后的毁灭性影响，直到看到那只海龟(turtle)。

22．A.see  B．predict

C．prevent  D．experience

解析：选A　参见上题解析。

23．A.boater  B．fisherman

C．visitor  D．turtle

解析：选D　参见第21题解析。第二段的“sea turtles”亦是提示。

24．A.pain  B．dirt

C．mask  D．sign

解析：选A　看这些动物的照片不能真正地感受它们遭受的痛苦(pain)。

25．A.worry  B．harm

C．anger  D．shame

解析：选B　既然“我”已经目睹了由污染和人们的疏忽造成的伤害(harm)。

26．A.mention  B．form

C．change  D．check

解析：选C　“我”试图鼓励“我”的朋友改变(change)他们的饮食习惯。

27．A.describe  B．witness

C．investigate  D．benefit

解析：选D　这样做使环境受益。benefit意为“对……有好处”，符合题意。

28．A.unless  B．before

C．while  D．though

解析：选B　在为时未晚之前(before)，我们现在需要开始拯救我们的环境。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Ecotourism is the opposite of mass tourism.People travel to remote areas and visit faraway places without destroying the environment.Ecotourism is intended __1__ small groups of tourists who want to learn more about nature in a certain area and help people who live there.Eco­tourists travel to places __2__ plants and animals are the main attractions.They want to know more about how people live side by side in __3__ natural habitat.

Ecotourism makes people recognize how beautiful the land and the countryside are.Local tour guides show __4__ (visit) how important our environment is.They know how the region has developed over time.Tourists stay in small local houses，as opposed to big hotels in mass tourism regions.

Ecotourism started out in the 1980s as an alternative to mass tourism.Today it is one of the __5__ (fast) growing sectors of the tourism industry because more and more people are  __6__ (gradual) realizing the importance of the environment.As a result，some countries are using ecotourism __7__ (gain) profits.In some areas，it __8__ (operate)by foreign investors who are only interested in  __9__ (they) own profits.However, __10__ (bring) too many people to the remote place could damage local culture.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章对生态旅游的定义、好处、起源和发展状况进行了介绍。

1．for　考查固定搭配。be intended for意为“为……而设计的”，为固定搭配。

2．where　考查定语从句。 空处指代先行词places并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

3．a　考查不定冠词。此处第一次提及“natural habitat”，所以是泛指，且natural 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。

4．visitors　考查名词复数。此处应用名词visitor作动词show的宾语，游客有很多，所以应用复数形式。

5．fastest　考查最高级。在one of后的可数名词复数常用最高级修饰，表示“最……的……之一”。

6．gradually　考查副词。修饰动词realizing应用副词。

7．to gain　考查非谓语动词。利用生态旅游是为了获取利润，此处应用不定式作目的状语。

8．is operated　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“who are only interested in”可知，此处应用一般现在时。动词operate和主语it构成被动关系，且主语it为第三人称单数。

9．their　考查形容词性物主代词。修饰名词profits应用形容词性物主代词。

10．bringing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用动名词作主语。

Ⅴ.应用文写作

假定你是李华，请你给校英语报写一封倡议信，号召全校同学积极响应学校正在开展的垃圾分类活动，内容包括：

1．垃圾分类的意义；

2．你的建议。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2．请按如下格式作答。

参考词汇：垃圾分类 waste classification

Dear fellow students,

Yours,

Li Hua

参考范文：

Dear fellow students,

As you may have noticed, the program of waste classification in our school has kicked off.I am writing to call on you, members of the school, to take immediate action.

Every day, we produce plenty of waste, ranging from plastic bottles to paper, which not only leads to environmental pollution, but is also a waste of resources.Therefore, it is urgent for us to take an active part in the waste classification program.First, we can collect what can be recycled to save resources.Second, harmful materials should be sorted and treated properly to avoid pollution.Most importantly, we need to develop the habit of classifying waste.

Let's do it!

Yours,

Li Hua