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Unit 3-八年级英语下册复习手册（人教版）
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这是一份Unit 3-八年级英语下册复习手册（人教版），共17页。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
◆短语归纳
1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 去看电影
4. get a ride 搭车
5. work on 从事
6. Finish doing sth. 完成做某事
7. clean and tidy 干净整洁
8. do the dishes 洗餐具
9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11. sweep the floor 扫地
12. make your/the bed 整理床铺
13. clean the living room 打扫客厅
14. no problem 没问题
15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人
16. come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家
17. throw down 扔下
18. sit down 坐下
19. come over 过来
20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
21. all the time 一直;总是
22. all day/evening 整曰/夜
23. do house work 做家务
24. shout back 大声回应
25. walk away 走开
26. share the housework 分担家务
27. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
28. in surprise 惊讶地
29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. hang out 闲逛
32. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
34. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
36. do chores 做杂务
37. help sb. (to) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事
38. bring a tent带顶帐篷来
39. buy some snacks买些小吃
40. go to the store去商店
41. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43. enough stress足够的压力
44. a waste of time浪费时间
45. in order to为了
46. get good grades取得好成绩
47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48. depend on依赖;依靠
49. develop children’s independence
发展孩子的独立性
50. look after / take care of 照顾；照看
51. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
◆ 典句必背
1. Could you please…..do sth. ?
Could you please clean your room? 你能整理一下你的房间吗？
2. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。
3. Could I+ do sth. ?
Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
4. She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V .
我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth.
I hate to do chores.
◆词汇讲解
1. as a result
as a result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：
He didn’t practise, and as a result he lost.
他没有练习，所以输了。
The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。
【拓展】 as a result of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。
例如：We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。
2. waste
（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。例如：
I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about.
我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river.
一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。例如：
We shouldn’t waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
3. pass
（1）pass作动词，意为“经过，传递”。例如：
The school bus passed our garden. 校车经过了我们的花园。
Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。
（2）pass 作名词，意为“关口，通过”。例如：
He has got a pass mark. 他达到了及格标准。
4. borrow＆lend
（1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是lend（借出）。
“borrow…from”意为“从……借（入）……”。
I often borrow books from the library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。
（2）“lend…to”意为“把……借（出）……”。例如：
I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。
5. depend
depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，主要用法有：
（1）depend on/upon＋某人或某物例如：
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.
我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。例如：
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
儿童的衣食靠父母。
（2）depend on [upon]＋从句 例如：
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
The amount you pay depends on where you live.
你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。
（3）口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。例如：
- Are you going too? 你也去吗?
－That depends. 那要看情况。
depend on意为“视……而定；取决于；依靠”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语，on也可以换为upon。例如：
－When shall we start? 我们什么时候动身？
－It depends on(upon) the weather. 依天气情况而定。
He depended on his uncle after his father died.
父亲去世后，他依靠他的叔叔。
6. while
（1）while作连词时，可以意为“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如：
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner.
当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。
（2）while还可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示两者之间的对比。例如：
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.
我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。
7. provide
provide为及物动词，意为“提供”，常和with搭配。provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如：
The Sun provides us with light and heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
Sheep provide us with wool. /Sheep provide wool for us.
羊供给我们羊毛。
8. since
（1）since作介词，意为“从…以来; 自从…之后”。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
（2）since作连词，可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于”。例如：
Since it is late I shall go home now.
由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。
Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you.
既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。
练一练：
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1. as a result _________ 2. 依靠，依赖________
3. 目的是，为了_______ 4. take care of _______
5. in surprise _________ 6. 倒垃圾_________
7. come over _________ 8. 闲逛，溜达________
9. provide sth. for sb. _______10. all the time _____
Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。
1. Jack p______ the ball very quickly in basketball games.
2. I b_______ a book from the library yesterday.
3. _______ (既然) everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
4. －Sandy, could you please take the r_______?
－No problem.
5. What a _______ (杂乱)！You should clean up your bedroom at once.
6. The hotel will p_______ free breakfast for guests.
7. Don’t w______ money to buy something useless.
8. She lives next to my house. We are n_______.
9. I like singing w_______ my sister likes dancing.
10. Nowadays most people have too much _______ (精神压力).
Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. I like to sweep the floor but I hate_______ (do) the dishes.
2. When did you finish ________ (write) the book?
3. We should learn to be ________ (independence).
4. China and India are ________ (develop) countries.
5. They challenged him about the _______ (fair) of his remarks.
6. Her mother often ________(help) her ________(fold) the clothes. Look! She ________(fold) the clothes for her now.
7. My mom ________(get) angry with me when I forgot to clean the room.
8. I called you yesterday, but you ________(not, be) in.
9. My friend, Mike, enjoys ________(cook) very much.
10. －May I use your computer?
－Sorry, I ________(work) on it now.
参考答案
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1. 因此，结果 2. depend on 3. in order to
4. 照料，爱护 5. 惊讶地
6. take out the rubbish 7. 过来，顺便来访
8. hang out 9. 给某人提供某物
10. 总是，反复，频繁的
Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。
1. passes 2. borrowed 3. Since
4. rubbish 5. mess 6. provide
7. waste 8. neighbors 9. while 10. stress
Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空
1. to do / doing 2. writing 3. independent
4. developing 5. fairness
6. helps; (to) fold; is folding 7. got
8. weren’t 9. cooking 10. am working
◆重点句型解析
1. Could you please clean your room?
（1）“Could + 主语 + please + 动词原形 + 其他？”这一句型相当于“Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他，please？”意为“请……，好吗？”。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求，语气委婉，客气。其中could在此句中不表示过去，而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时，不能用could回答。例如：
Could you please help me with my English?
= Could you help me with my English, please?
请你帮我学英语好吗？
－Could I have a look at it, please? 请让我看一看它好吗？
－Certainly！当然可以。
2. They should …in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
（1）本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语，意思是“为了”，后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如：
In order not to be late, you should go now.
为了不迟到，你现在应该走。
（2）in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。例如：
He did anything in order to make money.
= He did anything in order that he could make money.
为了赚钱，他什么都做。
Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
=Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby.
请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。
3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
“neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”，指后者与前者具有相同的情况，但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither 此处意为“也不”，是副词。例如：
Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I.
玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓倒装）
如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如：
Mary likes singing. So do I.
玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓倒装）
【拓展】
当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时，可以用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定句。例如：
Mary plays the piano well. So she does.
玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓不倒装)
Mary doesn’t play the piano well. Neither she does.
玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。（表示对上文内容的赞同，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓不倒装）
4. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
（1）本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。例如：
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.
当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain, he will come here on time.
如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。
常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况：
1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如：
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如：
Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如：
You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。
5. I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
本句中的make作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲时，常构成make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间。
【拓展】
make作使役动词，还可以构成：make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如：
What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。
We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。
练一练：
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
A）按要求转换句型。
1. Could you help me clean the living room? (作肯定回答)
________, ________.
2. Thanks for helping me with my homework. (改为同义句)
Thanks for ______ me ______ ______ my homework.
3. My brother hates cooking at home. (对划线部分提问)
________ _______ your brother hate ________ at home?
4. Could I use your DVD player? (同义句转换)
Could I _______ the DVD player _______ you?
5. She has to do her homework at home. (改为否定句)
She _______ _______ to do her homework at home.
B）同义句转换。
6. I will take care of your sister while you are away.
I will _______ _______ your sister while you are away.
7. She agreed to help me learn cooking.
She agreed to help me _______ cooking.
8. The school will provide free textbooks for us.
The school will provide _______ ________ free textbooks.
9. To swim in the river is very dangerous.
_______ dangerous ______ _______ in the river.
10. I arrived at the theatre early so that I could get good seat.
I arrived at the theatre early ______ _____ ______ get a good seat.
Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 他不喜欢游泳。我也不喜欢。
He doesn’t like swimming. _______ _______ _______.
2. 如果你努力学习，你就能学好英语。
You will learn English well if you _______ _______.
3. 我们将向他们提供吃的和喝的。
We’ll _______ food and drink _______ them.
4. 你拥有的朋友越多，你就越快乐。
The _______ friends you have, the _______ you will be.
5. 这个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。
The _______ news _______ us very _______.
6. 我想星期天邀请他们来参加晚会。
I want to ___________ them ___________ the party on Sunday.
7. 你把你的词典借给我好吗？
_____ you _____ ____ me your _____?
8. 为了不再迟到，她今天早上起得很早。
She got up early this morning _____ ____ ____ ____ be late again.
9. 我们应该保持我们的教室干净整洁。
We should keep our classroom _____ ____ ____.
10. 他们还太小，不得不依靠父母。
They are too young so they have to ____ ____ their parents.
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
A. A scarf is interesting．
B. That sounds good．
C. Why don’t you get her a pet cat?
D. It’s too personal．
E. How can I get to her house?
F. At least 20 dollars．
G. What should I get her?
A：My friend Kate invited me to her birthday party． 1 、
B：How about an album?
A： 2 How much is an album?
B： 3
A：That’s too expensive．I don’t have enough money for it．
B：Oh． 4
A：No，no．She doesn’t like cats．
B：I see．What about a scarf?
A： 5
B：Does she like flowers? Maybe flowers are wonderful．
A：Great! I will buy some for her．Thank you．
参考答案
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
A）1. Yes, sure 2. helping, to do
3. What does; doing 4. borrow; from
5. doesn’t have
B）6. look after / care for 7. with 8. us with
9. It’s, to swim 10. in order to
Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. Neither do I 2. work hard 3. provide, for
4. more, happier 5. exciting, made, excited
6. invite, to 7. Could, please lend, dictionary
8. in order not to 9. clean and tidy 10. depend on
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
1-5: GBFCD
◆ 重要语法点
A、情态动词could
情态动词could可用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：
1.表示请求或允许
could表示请求或允许时多用在口语中，意为“可以；能”等。Could不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉。表示委婉地请求或陈述看法时，口语中多用could, 但回答时用can或can’t.
Could I use your cell phone for a while?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
I wonder if I could ask you to sign this
–Could I smoke here, please? –Yes, you can.
---Could you come to my birthday party tomorrow?
---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mum. She’s ill.
2.表示建议
情态动词could可表示建议做某事，意为“可以”。此时它不表示过去，只表示比can的语气更为婉转。
You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.
Couldn’t you get one of your friends to help you?
B、make与do的区别
1.用法区别
Make与do都可作实义动词用，表示“做……”，但二者之间也存在区别。Make更强调手工或创造，动作更具体；do强调更系统地做，动作更抽象。具体区别如下：
（1） 当不明确说明谈论的活动时，一般用do,如后接something,anything, nothing, everything, what等时。
He likes doing something exciting.
What shall we do? Then she did a very strange thing.
当谈到工作时用do,也常用“do+动词-ing形式”来表示需要用一定时间或重复进行的活动。
I’m not going to do any work today. I’m going to do some reading.
（2） make常用来表达“构成；制作；创造”等意思。
She made her own wedding dress. Let’s make a plan.
2.固定用法中的make和do make one’s bed, make a noise, make a decision, make a living, make trouble, do the dishes, do one’s best, do business, do exercise
◆话题写作
“三步法”写议论文
◆ 步骤一：引出话题
◆ 步骤二：引用材料认证
◆ 步骤三：表达自己的观点或看法
典 例
在一堂英语课上，老师组织全体同学开展有关“做家务”的讨论。假如下表是你所做的小组讨论记录，请你根据这个记录用英语向全班同学做一个汇报。
提示：
1．汇报内容：你和同学所做的家务；你对做家
务的看法；
2．词数：80左右；
3．汇报的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
范文:
Dear class，
Good morning! Now let me report the discussion work in our group. Wu Jun cleans up rooms at the weekend and Jia Mei likes cooking dinner with her mother. Wang Ping sometimes washes clothes for her family. As for me, I usually help my father water the flowers.
In my opinion, it is necessary for us students to do some housework. By doing it, we can help our parents and understand
them better. We’ll also learn to take care of ourselves. Besides, we can relax ourselves from hard work and develop our abilities.
That’s all. Thanks for listening!
名师点评：
◆本文层次分明，行文流畅，语言素材丰富，要点表达清晰到位。充分、自如地使用所学过的动词、介词等来诠释、说明自己的观点。
◆本文添彩点：
(1) 恰当运用了大量词组：clean up，as for me，in my opinion，take care of，work hard等；
(2) It is necessary for us...句型的运用。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
◆短语归纳
1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 去看电影
4. get a ride 搭车
5. work on 从事
6. Finish doing sth. 完成做某事
7. clean and tidy 干净整洁
8. do the dishes 洗餐具
9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11. sweep the floor 扫地
12. make your/the bed 整理床铺
13. clean the living room 打扫客厅
14. no problem 没问题
15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人
16. come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家
17. throw down 扔下
18. sit down 坐下
19. come over 过来
20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
21. all the time 一直;总是
22. all day/evening 整曰/夜
23. do house work 做家务
24. shout back 大声回应
25. walk away 走开
26. share the housework 分担家务
27. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
28. in surprise 惊讶地
29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. hang out 闲逛
32. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
34. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
36. do chores 做杂务
37. help sb. (to) d o /with sth•帮助某人干某事
38. bring a tent带顶帐篷来
39. buy some snacks买些小吃
40. go to the store去商店
41. invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43. enough stress足够的压力
44. a waste of time浪费时间
45. in order to为了
46. get good grades取得好成绩
47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48. depend on依赖;依靠
49. develop children’s independence
发展孩子的独立性
50. look after / take care of 照顾；照看
51. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事
◆ 典句必背
1. Could you please…..do sth. ?
Could you please clean your room? 你能整理一下你的房间吗？
2. I have to do some work.我必须干些活。
3. Could I+ do sth. ?
Could I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
4. She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.
如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周，她什么家务活都不干了，我也一样。
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the T V .
我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
7. hate + ( to do/ doing) sth.
I hate to do chores.
◆词汇讲解
1. as a result
as a result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：
He didn’t practise, and as a result he lost.
他没有练习，所以输了。
The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time. 交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。
【拓展】 as a result of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。
例如：We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。
2. waste
（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。例如：
I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about.
我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river.
一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。例如：
We shouldn’t waste the time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
3. pass
（1）pass作动词，意为“经过，传递”。例如：
The school bus passed our garden. 校车经过了我们的花园。
Please pass me the book. 请把书递给我。
（2）pass 作名词，意为“关口，通过”。例如：
He has got a pass mark. 他达到了及格标准。
4. borrow＆lend
（1）borrow 意为“借，借用”；反义词是lend（借出）。
“borrow…from”意为“从……借（入）……”。
I often borrow books from the library. 我经常从图书馆里借书。
（2）“lend…to”意为“把……借（出）……”。例如：
I lend my book to Lily. 我把我的书借给莉莉了。
5. depend
depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，主要用法有：
（1）depend on/upon＋某人或某物例如：
Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather.
我们是否去野营要看天气。
有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。例如：
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
儿童的衣食靠父母。
（2）depend on [upon]＋从句 例如：
Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
The amount you pay depends on where you live.
你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。
（3）口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。例如：
- Are you going too? 你也去吗?
－That depends. 那要看情况。
depend on意为“视……而定；取决于；依靠”，其后可跟名词、代词或从句作宾语，on也可以换为upon。例如：
－When shall we start? 我们什么时候动身？
－It depends on(upon) the weather. 依天气情况而定。
He depended on his uncle after his father died.
父亲去世后，他依靠他的叔叔。
6. while
（1）while作连词时，可以意为“当……时候, 和……同时”。例如：
Our friends arrived while we were having dinner.
当我们吃饭的时候，朋友们来了。
（2）while还可作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示两者之间的对比。例如：
I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.
我喜欢听音乐，而我的弟弟爱好运动。
7. provide
provide为及物动词，意为“提供”，常和with搭配。provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如：
The Sun provides us with light and heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
Sheep provide us with wool. /Sheep provide wool for us.
羊供给我们羊毛。
8. since
（1）since作介词，意为“从…以来; 自从…之后”。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
（2）since作连词，可以意为“因为; 既然; 由于”。例如：
Since it is late I shall go home now.
由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。
Since you are so sure of it he’ll believe you.
既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。
练一练：
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1. as a result _________ 2. 依靠，依赖________
3. 目的是，为了_______ 4. take care of _______
5. in surprise _________ 6. 倒垃圾_________
7. come over _________ 8. 闲逛，溜达________
9. provide sth. for sb. _______10. all the time _____
Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。
1. Jack p______ the ball very quickly in basketball games.
2. I b_______ a book from the library yesterday.
3. _______ (既然) everyone is here, let’s begin our class.
4. －Sandy, could you please take the r_______?
－No problem.
5. What a _______ (杂乱)！You should clean up your bedroom at once.
6. The hotel will p_______ free breakfast for guests.
7. Don’t w______ money to buy something useless.
8. She lives next to my house. We are n_______.
9. I like singing w_______ my sister likes dancing.
10. Nowadays most people have too much _______ (精神压力).
Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. I like to sweep the floor but I hate_______ (do) the dishes.
2. When did you finish ________ (write) the book?
3. We should learn to be ________ (independence).
4. China and India are ________ (develop) countries.
5. They challenged him about the _______ (fair) of his remarks.
6. Her mother often ________(help) her ________(fold) the clothes. Look! She ________(fold) the clothes for her now.
7. My mom ________(get) angry with me when I forgot to clean the room.
8. I called you yesterday, but you ________(not, be) in.
9. My friend, Mike, enjoys ________(cook) very much.
10. －May I use your computer?
－Sorry, I ________(work) on it now.
参考答案
Ⅰ.英汉互译。
1. 因此，结果 2. depend on 3. in order to
4. 照料，爱护 5. 惊讶地
6. take out the rubbish 7. 过来，顺便来访
8. hang out 9. 给某人提供某物
10. 总是，反复，频繁的
Ⅱ. 根据首字母或者汉语提示补全单词。
1. passes 2. borrowed 3. Since
4. rubbish 5. mess 6. provide
7. waste 8. neighbors 9. while 10. stress
Ⅲ. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空
1. to do / doing 2. writing 3. independent
4. developing 5. fairness
6. helps; (to) fold; is folding 7. got
8. weren’t 9. cooking 10. am working
◆重点句型解析
1. Could you please clean your room?
（1）“Could + 主语 + please + 动词原形 + 其他？”这一句型相当于“Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他，please？”意为“请……，好吗？”。这两种句型均表示礼貌的请求，语气委婉，客气。其中could在此句中不表示过去，而表示说话人的语气委婉。因此回答时，不能用could回答。例如：
Could you please help me with my English?
= Could you help me with my English, please?
请你帮我学英语好吗？
－Could I have a look at it, please? 请让我看一看它好吗？
－Certainly！当然可以。
2. They should …in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
（1）本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语，意思是“为了”，后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语，否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换，但后者不能放在句首。例如：
In order not to be late, you should go now.
为了不迟到，你现在应该走。
（2）in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。例如：
He did anything in order to make money.
= He did anything in order that he could make money.
为了赚钱，他什么都做。
Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
=Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby.
请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。
3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
“neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示“……也不”，指后者与前者具有相同的情况，但是表示的是否定意义的相同。相当于一个主谓倒装的否定句。neither 此处意为“也不”，是副词。例如：
Mary doesn’t like singing. Neither do I.
玛丽不喜欢唱歌，我也不喜欢。（我和Mary 有相同的情况，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓倒装）
如果上文是肯定句，下文表示与上文有相同情况时，用“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语”。例如：
Mary likes singing. So do I.
玛丽喜欢唱歌。我也喜欢。（我和Mary有相同情况，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓倒装）
【拓展】
当表示对上文所讲内容的赞同时，可以用“so + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”或者“neither + 主语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词”来表示。前者用于肯定句，后者用于否定句。例如：
Mary plays the piano well. So she does.
玛丽钢琴弹得很好。她确实弹得好。(表示对上文所讲内容的赞同，前句是肯定句，下文用so开头，主谓不倒装)
Mary doesn’t play the piano well. Neither she does.
玛丽钢琴弹的不好。她确实弹得不好。（表示对上文内容的赞同，前句是否定句，下文用neither开头，主谓不倒装）
4. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess.
（1）本句中if后面的部分是这个句子中的条件状语从句。在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表将来。例如：
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.
当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn’t rain, he will come here on time.
如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。
常见的“主将从现”有以下三种情况：
1）条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。例如：
When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
2）如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 例如：
Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。
3）如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。例如：
You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。
5. I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
本句中的make作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲时，常构成make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
Their boss often let them work long hours every day. 他们老板经常让他们每天工作很长时间。
【拓展】
make作使役动词，还可以构成：make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如：
What he said makes us happy. 他所说的话使我们很高兴。
We made John our monitor. 我们选约翰当班长。
练一练：
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
A）按要求转换句型。
1. Could you help me clean the living room? (作肯定回答)
________, ________.
2. Thanks for helping me with my homework. (改为同义句)
Thanks for ______ me ______ ______ my homework.
3. My brother hates cooking at home. (对划线部分提问)
________ _______ your brother hate ________ at home?
4. Could I use your DVD player? (同义句转换)
Could I _______ the DVD player _______ you?
5. She has to do her homework at home. (改为否定句)
She _______ _______ to do her homework at home.
B）同义句转换。
6. I will take care of your sister while you are away.
I will _______ _______ your sister while you are away.
7. She agreed to help me learn cooking.
She agreed to help me _______ cooking.
8. The school will provide free textbooks for us.
The school will provide _______ ________ free textbooks.
9. To swim in the river is very dangerous.
_______ dangerous ______ _______ in the river.
10. I arrived at the theatre early so that I could get good seat.
I arrived at the theatre early ______ _____ ______ get a good seat.
Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 他不喜欢游泳。我也不喜欢。
He doesn’t like swimming. _______ _______ _______.
2. 如果你努力学习，你就能学好英语。
You will learn English well if you _______ _______.
3. 我们将向他们提供吃的和喝的。
We’ll _______ food and drink _______ them.
4. 你拥有的朋友越多，你就越快乐。
The _______ friends you have, the _______ you will be.
5. 这个令人激动的消息让我们很激动。
The _______ news _______ us very _______.
6. 我想星期天邀请他们来参加晚会。
I want to ___________ them ___________ the party on Sunday.
7. 你把你的词典借给我好吗？
_____ you _____ ____ me your _____?
8. 为了不再迟到，她今天早上起得很早。
She got up early this morning _____ ____ ____ ____ be late again.
9. 我们应该保持我们的教室干净整洁。
We should keep our classroom _____ ____ ____.
10. 他们还太小，不得不依靠父母。
They are too young so they have to ____ ____ their parents.
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
A. A scarf is interesting．
B. That sounds good．
C. Why don’t you get her a pet cat?
D. It’s too personal．
E. How can I get to her house?
F. At least 20 dollars．
G. What should I get her?
A：My friend Kate invited me to her birthday party． 1 、
B：How about an album?
A： 2 How much is an album?
B： 3
A：That’s too expensive．I don’t have enough money for it．
B：Oh． 4
A：No，no．She doesn’t like cats．
B：I see．What about a scarf?
A： 5
B：Does she like flowers? Maybe flowers are wonderful．
A：Great! I will buy some for her．Thank you．
参考答案
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
A）1. Yes, sure 2. helping, to do
3. What does; doing 4. borrow; from
5. doesn’t have
B）6. look after / care for 7. with 8. us with
9. It’s, to swim 10. in order to
Ⅱ. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. Neither do I 2. work hard 3. provide, for
4. more, happier 5. exciting, made, excited
6. invite, to 7. Could, please lend, dictionary
8. in order not to 9. clean and tidy 10. depend on
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
1-5: GBFCD
◆ 重要语法点
A、情态动词could
情态动词could可用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：
1.表示请求或允许
could表示请求或允许时多用在口语中，意为“可以；能”等。Could不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉。表示委婉地请求或陈述看法时，口语中多用could, 但回答时用can或can’t.
Could I use your cell phone for a while?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
I wonder if I could ask you to sign this
–Could I smoke here, please? –Yes, you can.
---Could you come to my birthday party tomorrow?
---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mum. She’s ill.
2.表示建议
情态动词could可表示建议做某事，意为“可以”。此时它不表示过去，只表示比can的语气更为婉转。
You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.
Couldn’t you get one of your friends to help you?
B、make与do的区别
1.用法区别
Make与do都可作实义动词用，表示“做……”，但二者之间也存在区别。Make更强调手工或创造，动作更具体；do强调更系统地做，动作更抽象。具体区别如下：
（1） 当不明确说明谈论的活动时，一般用do,如后接something,anything, nothing, everything, what等时。
He likes doing something exciting.
What shall we do? Then she did a very strange thing.
当谈到工作时用do,也常用“do+动词-ing形式”来表示需要用一定时间或重复进行的活动。
I’m not going to do any work today. I’m going to do some reading.
（2） make常用来表达“构成；制作；创造”等意思。
She made her own wedding dress. Let’s make a plan.
2.固定用法中的make和do make one’s bed, make a noise, make a decision, make a living, make trouble, do the dishes, do one’s best, do business, do exercise
◆话题写作
“三步法”写议论文
◆ 步骤一：引出话题
◆ 步骤二：引用材料认证
◆ 步骤三：表达自己的观点或看法
典 例
在一堂英语课上，老师组织全体同学开展有关“做家务”的讨论。假如下表是你所做的小组讨论记录，请你根据这个记录用英语向全班同学做一个汇报。
提示：
1．汇报内容：你和同学所做的家务；你对做家
务的看法；
2．词数：80左右；
3．汇报的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
范文:
Dear class，
Good morning! Now let me report the discussion work in our group. Wu Jun cleans up rooms at the weekend and Jia Mei likes cooking dinner with her mother. Wang Ping sometimes washes clothes for her family. As for me, I usually help my father water the flowers.
In my opinion, it is necessary for us students to do some housework. By doing it, we can help our parents and understand
them better. We’ll also learn to take care of ourselves. Besides, we can relax ourselves from hard work and develop our abilities.
That’s all. Thanks for listening!
名师点评：
◆本文层次分明，行文流畅，语言素材丰富，要点表达清晰到位。充分、自如地使用所学过的动词、介词等来诠释、说明自己的观点。
◆本文添彩点：
(1) 恰当运用了大量词组：clean up，as for me，in my opinion，take care of，work hard等；
(2) It is necessary for us...句型的运用。
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