Unit 8-八年级英语下册复习手册（人教版）

Unit 8 Have you read treasure island yet?

◆短语归纳

1.on page 25 在第25页

2. the back of the book 书的背面

3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙

. in two weeks 在两周之内

5. go out to sea 出海

6. an island full of treasures

一个满是宝藏的岛屿

7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容

8. finish doing sth. 做完某事

9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来

10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事

11. grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜

12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前

13. the marks of another man’ s feet

另一个人的脚印

14. not long after that 不久之后

15. run towards sp. 跑向某地

16. use...to do sth. 用……来做某事

17. signs left behind by someone

某人留下的标记

18. read the newspaper 看报

19. science fiction 科幻小说

20. can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事

21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法

22. number of people 人数

23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事

24. study abroad 在国外学习

25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

26. come to realize 开始意识到

27. ever since then 自从那时起

28. the southern states of America

美国的南部地区

29. belong to 属于

30. be kind to each other 善待彼此

31. trust one another 互相信任

32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美

33. have been to sp. 去过某地

34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究

35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事

36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事

37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行

38. enjoy success in享受……的成功

39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候

◆ 典句必背

1.— Have you read little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗?

   — Yes,I have. /No,I haven\\ t. 是的，我读过。/ 不，我没有。

2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? 

    蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?

    Yes, she has. 

She thinks  i t\\ s fantastic. 

    是的，她读过。她觉得它很棒。

3. Would you like something to drink? 

    你要来点喝的吗?

4. I heard you lost your key. 

    我听说你丢钥匙了。

5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 

    她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。

 ◆重难点讲解

1.island  岛 

on the island 在岛上  an island 一个岛屿

2、full of 满是……的，  充满……， 装满……。

（1）后边常常接名词，full of 与后边的名词一起构成后置定语，修饰前边的名词。full of 相当于filled with

例句：the basket full of apples.  the cup full of water .

（2） full of 前边也可以与be动词连用，在句中做谓语。be full of相当于be filled with.

例句：The classroom is full of students.= The classroom is filled with students

The box is full of apples.= The box is filled with apples.

3、already与yet

（1）already  “已经”  常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，常放在have/has之后、过去分词之前或句末。

例句：They have finished their homework already .

The train has left already .

（2）yet “已经”  用于现在完成时的疑问句中。

例句：Have you eaten yet ?  Have they read this book yet ?

（3） yet  “还”  “尚”  用于现在完成时的否定句中。

例句：He hasn’t done his homework yet .

The train hasn’t arrived yet .

（4）not yet  还没有  常用于回答现在完成时的一般疑问句。

例句：Have you eaten yet ?  Not yet.

4、英语中，疑问词what/how/which/where/who/when 后边出现动词时，往往用“疑问词 + to do sth ”结构，此结构在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语.

例句：I can’t decide when to start .  please tell me what to do next .

He doesn’t know where to live . Do you know which to buy ?

5、finish doing sth 做完某事

例句：Did you finish watching TV ? I have finished cleaning the room .

6、put down 放下  down是副词，接代词时，代词要放在中间。

例句：Your bag is very heavy ,please put it down .

7、page 页  表示第…页时，用page + 数字

例句： page 18  18页  page 42  42页

8、in + 一段时间  在……后，常用于一般将来时。

例句：They will be back in three days .

after + 一段时间  在……后，常用于一般过去时。

例句： He went to Beijing after three days .

9、cut down砍倒  down是副词，接代词时，代词放中间

例句: The trees are important, Don’t cut them down.

10、learn to do sth 学习做某事  learn from 向……学习

例句：We should learn from that boy .

When did you learn to play the piano ?

11、else 别的  其他的  常放在疑问词和something/anything/nothing等词的后边。

例句：What else can you do ?  I have something else to say.

12、how long 与 how soon

（1）how long  多长时间  常用于对“for + 一段时间”或“since + 过去的时间点”提问，主要用于一般过去时或现在完成时。

例句：How long did you study English ?  I studied English for 2 years.

How long have you lived here ? I have lived here since last year .

（2）how soon 多久  常用于对“in + 一段时间”提问，主要用于一般将来时。

例句：How soon will he be back ? He will be back in two days .

13、one ……,the other …….. （两者之中）一个……，另一个……。

例句：He has two sons ,one is a doctor , the other is a worker .

注意下边的例句：He has four books , one is about Chinese , the others (the other three) are about English .

14、named 是name 的过去分词，被命名为…的，  名字叫…的，named与后边的名词一起修饰前边的名词。

例句：The boy named Tom is a friend of mine .

I have a student named Chong tongyao .

15、in the middle of 在…中间

例句：in the middle of the road.  in the middle of the river .

16、can’t wait to do sth  迫不及待去做某事

例句：I can’t wait to watch football game .

can’t help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事

例句：He couldn’t help laughing when he heard the news.

17、abroad  在国外 到国外  abroad 是副词，前边不加任何介词。

go abroad 去国外

18、million 百万  同hundred(百)、thousand(千)的用法相同。

（1）表示具体数字时，用“基数词 + million + 名词复数”。

例句：two million dollars    eight million soldiers

（2）表示不确定的数字时，用“millions of + 名词复数” “数百万的…”

例句：millions of books    millions of people

19、introduce sb to sb  向某人介绍某人

例句：I introduced my parents to my friends yesterday .

introduced oneself to sb  向某人作自我介绍

例句：Can you introduce yourself to us ?

20、belong to 属于  后接名词或代词宾格。

例句：This book belongs to Tom .    The house belongs to him .

21、What do you think of…?=How do you like…? 你认为（觉得）…怎么样？用来询问某人对某事的看法。

例句：What do you think of this film ?    It’s great.

22、at the end of…. 在…终点（尽头），在…末

例句：We will have a speech contest at the end of this month .

You can find a hospital at the end of the street .

23、a number of 和 the number of

（1）a number of 许多  相当于many, 修饰可数名词复数。

例句：A number of students are playing games .

（2）the number of …. …的数量（数字）  做主语时，谓语用单数。

例句：The number of the students in our school is 600.

24、must be  一定是（在）  准是（在）    表示对事物的判断或推测。

例句：He must be our new teacher .  Tom must be at home .

may be  可能是（在）  也许是（在）

例句：He may be Tom’s brother .    She may be in the hospital .

can’t be  不可能是（在）

例句：He can’t be at home .

一般情况下，把含有must be 的句子变成否定句时，把must be 改成can’t be.

25、sound (听起来)，look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（感觉）等联系动词在句中做谓语时，后便常常接形容词作表语。

例句：Your idea sounds right .    He looks young .

The food smells good.  I feel excited .

sound like  听起来像

例句：That sounds like a good way .

26、Keeping healthy is important.  英语中，动词一般不能做主语，动名词（动词后加ing）可以做主语。动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。例句：Playing basketball is my hobby .

27、used to + 动词原形    过去常常做某事

be (get) used to + 名词、动名词或代词    习惯于

例句：He used to get up early.  He is used to getting up early .

28、hope 希望

（1）hope to do sth  希望做某事  I hope to go abroad .

 希望某人做某事

例句：I hope you can help me with my English .

29、on the radio 通过收音机  on the computer 通过电脑

on the phone  通过电话  on TV  通过电视

30、co（2）hope + 从句   me to realize 逐渐意识到

例句: He came to realize Mr wang was a good teacher .

31、all of + 不可数名词、名词复数或代词宾格  所有的…

例句：all of them  all of the workers  all of water

32、kind

（1）种类

a kind of  … . 一种…  An apple is a kind of fruit.

all kinds of ….. 各种各样的…  all kinds of books

different kinds of …  不同种类的…different kinds of books

kind of  有几分  有点  I am kind of hungry .

（2）和蔼的  仁慈的  be kind to sb  对某人和蔼（友好）

例句：She is very kind to us .

33、east 东  south 南  west 西  north 北

southeast 东南  northeast 东北  southwest 西南 northwest 西北

eastern 东方的 southern 南方的 western 西方的 northern 北方的

southeastern 东南方的  northeastern 东北方的  southwestern 西南方的 northwestern 西北方的

34、such as 例如  用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物，such as 之前一般用逗号与主句隔开，后边直接接名词或名词性短语。

例句：I have lots of hobbies, such as reading and singing .

35、It’s + 形容词或名词 + for sb to do sth.  对某人来说做某事是…。

例句：It’s not a good idea to copy others’ homework.

It’s important for us to listen to the teacher .

36、do some research on 做一些关于…的研究

例句：He is doing some research on physics.

37、one day （有）一天  可以指过去，也可以指将来

例句：One day, I met Tom in the shop .

Your dream will come true one day .

38、bring back 带回

例句: What did you bring back when you came back from America ?

40、ever since then 自从那时起  常用于现在完成时

例句：Ever since then , We have been good friends .

41、fight over(about)  因为……争吵（争斗）

42、be interested in + 名词、动名词或代词    对……感兴趣

例句：He is interested in sports.  I’m interested in playing football .

43、the importance of ……  ……的重要性

例句：Do you know the importance of the computer ?

◆ 语法讲解

 现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)

(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

—It’s so dark. 太黑了。

—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。

(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。

Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿)

Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿)

(3) 基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

—Have you finished your homework?

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)

(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

Ø Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Eg. ---Where is your father?

---He has gone to Shanghai.

Ø Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)

Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.

Ø Have/has been in：呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.

(5)现在完成时的标志：

①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。

Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.

②for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。

They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.

(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化

规则变化：

 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed

2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned

3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied

4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped

不规则变化：

5. 以不变应万变。如：let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read

6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：

feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept

7. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent

8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy → bought → bought;

bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught

◆话题写作

三步一注意法”写读后感

◆ 第一步：写出书名及作者；

◆ 第二步：写出书的主要内容；

◆ 第三步：写出自己喜欢的原因。

注意：文章常用一般现在时或现在完成时。

典 例：

很多孩子喜欢看《哈利·波特》，它的作者是J.K.Rowling。

主要内容：Harry Potter 是一所魔法学校(magical school)的学生。他16岁了。他非常勇敢。

要求：100词左右。

__________________________________________

范文:

          Do you know Harry Potter？It's my favorite spare time reading and it's written by J.K.Rowling.

Harry Potter is a magical school student who wears glasses and has no parents, and now he is 16 years old. He is very brave and known by everyone because it is said that he is the only person that will not be killed by the evil.

    When I read the book for the first time, I thought it was very exciting and interesting.   So I read it again and again. Each time

I have different feelings. Books about Harry Potter have been sold millions of copies all over the world. Do you like Harry Potter？If you haven't read the book yet, read it now and you'll find a wonderful world.

名师点评：

◆本文先介绍书名及作者。然后介绍了故事的内容。写出喜欢的原因，最后进行询问。

◆本文添彩点：

①because的使用使短文更紧凑。so使短文更连贯。

②恰当运用了本单元所学的If you haven't read the book yet，...

Books about Harry Potter have been sold millions of copies...

句型，足见作者深厚的功底。