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2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第二册Unit5Music教师用书
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UNIT 5 MUSIC
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．ache all over 全身疼痛
2．a cultural phenomenon 一种文化现象
3．a family album 一本家庭相册
4．a classical music composer 一位古典音乐作曲家
5．breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负地松了口气
6．learn by repetition 通过重复来学习
7．a romantic candlelit dinner 浪漫的烛光晚餐
8．the stringed instruments 有弦的乐器
9．an unemployed builder 一位失业的建筑工人
10．a virtual world 一个虚拟的世界
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．There are four subjects altogether during the exam, which takes place on June 7th and 8th. (adv.(用以强调)总共)
2．I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.(n.奖)
3．There are some differences between American and British English, but do you know how the differences came into being？(n.存在)
4．This piece of music is one of Beethoven's finest compositions.(n.作品)
5．In response to this problem, various academics proposed many measures and steps.(adj.各种不同的)
6．Furthermore, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.(vt.治愈)
7．The change will have a huge impact on life.(n.巨大影响)
8．Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.(adv.而且)
9．Don't hesitate to make a decision, or you'll let such a golden opportunity slip through your fingers.(n.机会)
10．The president gains good reputation for his learned knowledge and great care for ordinary people.(adj.普通的)
11．It is faster and more stable than 4G, the previous generation of cellular network technology.(adj.先前的)
12．Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, many scientists have questioned what really happened.(vt.证明)
13．They serve passengers heart and soul.(n.心灵)
14．The Chinese Lunar (月球) Exploration Program is designed to be conducted in three stages.(n.阶段)
15．Thatcher was famous for her tough style, and thus she was called the “Iron Lady”．(adv.因此)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．He reacts to everything around very quickly, and the reaction has been bothering him.(n.反应)
拓展：react v．作出反应
2．For sustainable development, I advocate we should substitute conventional energy with renewable energy.(n.能源)
拓展：energetic adj.精力充沛的
3．The experiment performed in the 1990s showed that many plants tolerate a wide range of light conditions.(v.执行)
拓展：performance n．表演→performer n．表演者；演员
4．A microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.(vt.使能够)
拓展：able adj.能够的；有才能的
5．The original plan by the council was tabled because of lack of funds.(adj.原来的)
拓展：origin_n．起源；源头；起因
6．The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence.(adj.渐进的)
拓展：gradually adv.逐渐地
7．The International Day of Families aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families.(v.力求达到)
拓展：aimless adj.无目的的
8．Experts advised that parents should discourage children from doing homework by using electronic equipment too much.(n.设备)
拓展：equip vt.装备
9．It is the talent and hard work of the musical group that allow them to win over many fans.(n.天资)
拓展：talented adj.天才的
10．Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture.(vt.以为)
拓展：assuming conj.假设→assumption n．假设；假定
11．Pasta's basic ingredients are flour and water, sometimes with the addition of eggs or oil.(n.添加)
拓展：add v．添加；加，增加→additional adj.附加的；额外的
12．Dr Brown is treating the patients' stomach disease with a new treatment.(n.治疗方案)
拓展：treat_v．治疗，对待
13．To his satisfaction，his son made rapid progress in English.(n.满意)
拓展：satisfy v．使满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．In addition to all her other qualifications, she was an expert cook.除……以外
2．I'll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.爱上
3．Cameras were set up at strategic points along the route.安装好
4．The song made me feel so much better that from then on I began to listen to music all the time.从那时起
5．In every marriage, sacrifices have to be made by one partner from time to time.不时
6．I hope I can swim and have the opportunity to take part in the Olympic Games in the future.参加
7．To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage，with you, the reader, in the audience._在舞台上_
8．I was so absorbed in reading the novel that I forgot to have lunch.B
A．被……吸引住 B．专心致志于
9．Music brought her relief and helped her get through hard times.C
A．(设法)处理 B．完成 C．熬过
10．She tried out for some shows, but the reaction from audience was terrible.B
A．参加选拔 B．参加试演
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to ...forget my problems.With music, I become someone else.”(as引导非限制性定语从句)
一位虚拟合唱团成员说道：“音乐帮助我……忘记自己的问题。音乐，让我脱胎换骨。”
写作亮句
①As is always the case with language learning，Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.
正如学习语言一样，学习普通话也需要大量的练习。
②“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.
正如古训所说：“你不能以貌取人。”
文化典句
As the old saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
正如谚语所说，只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。
2.
教材原句
Two years ago, I was told I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure.(主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式)
两年前，我被告知得了一种很难治愈的严重疾病。
写作亮句
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The surrounding scenery of the farm is very wonderful, where the air was so good to breathe.农场周围的风景美极了，那里的空气呼吸起来感觉如此美好。
②Secondly, being polite and friendly, I am easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.其次，我礼貌、友好，很容易与人相处，而且喜欢与别人一起工作。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“兴奋”
During the event, enthusiasm swept over us all.When the relay race was under way, the athletes were running as fast as possible to pass other opponents, which kept spectators on the edge of their seats.“Hold on! You can make it！” the students yelled.In the distance running match, all of the students, teachers and parents cheered and clapped for runners who passed by.
在比赛中，热情席卷了我们所有人。接力赛进行时，为了超过其他选手，运动员们都在全力以赴加速跑，观众们都激动不已。“稳住！你们能赢！”同学们大声喊着。在长跑比赛中，所有的学生、老师和家长都为经过的选手欢呼鼓掌。
[点评] 本段使用了sweep over, run as fast as possible, keep spectators on the edge of their seats, hold on, make it, yell, cheer and clap等词块，生动形象地勾勒出了一幅激动人心的比赛画面。
1．perform vi.& vt.表演；履行；执行
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①As everyone knows, she performs an important role in our organization.
②On National Day，our class put on a wonderful performance.
③The famous doctor is going to set out to_perform (perform) the operation, so please keep calm.
④He would probably, for a time at least, continue to perform_his_duty.
他可能至少要在一段时间内，继续履行自己的职责。
[系统归纳]
(1)perform a(n) ...role in 在……中起……作用
perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏
perform one's duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺
(2)performance n． 表演；演技；表现
put on/give a performance 表演
2．relief n．(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Having finished all the housework，Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing in relief.
②To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy.
③Take the medicine as instructed, and you will be relieved of your pain.
④It_was_a_relief_that the video was well received on the graduation ceremony.
在毕业典礼上，视频很受欢迎，真是一种欣慰。
[系统归纳]
(1)in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
It is a relief that ... ……真是一种欣慰
(2)relieve vt. 解除；减轻
relieve sb.of ... 减轻某人……方面的负担
3．aim n．目的；目标 vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt.目的是；旨在
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to_introduce (introduce) American customs and the life of high school students.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing to aim at applying for the chance to become a volunteer.
③She went to London with the aim of finding a job.
④As a determined and persistent man, he_eventually_achieved_his_aim.
作为一个意志坚定的人，他最终实现了自己的目标。
[系统归纳]
(1)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth. 瞄准；对准；旨在(做)某事
aim to do sth.＝ be aimed to do sth. 目的是做某事
(2)with the aim of ... 目的是……
achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标/目的
4．assume vt.以为；假设
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
②If you make an assumption (assume) that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen.
③Assuming/Assume (assume) that the plan is practical, how will you achieve it?
④It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.
人们普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
[系统归纳]
(1)assume ...to be ... 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that ... 一般认为……
(2)assumption n. 设想；假定
make an assumption 认为；假定
(3)assuming conj. 假设
assuming/assume (that) ... 假设/假定……
5．be absorbed in被……吸引住；专心致志
[题点全练]
单句语法填空
①Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
②At that time, he absorbed himself (he) in research to work out the problem.
③Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil.
同义句转换(把①句改为分词短语作状语)
④Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom_forgot_to_inform_me_of_the_time_of_the_meeting.
[系统归纳]
(1)absorb ...from ... 从……中吸收……
absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于
(2)be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...类似的结构还有：
be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于……
be caught in ... 被困在……
be buried in ... 埋头于……
be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
1．award vt.授予 n．奖品
[题点全练]
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was awarded a prize for his contribution to world peace.
②It is said that_the_new_invention_won_the_first_award.
据说这项新发明获得了一等奖。
一句多译
因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。
③The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal for her good deeds.
④The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to_her for her good deeds.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)award sb.for sth. 因某事而奖励某人
award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb. 给予/授予某人某物
(2)win awards/receive one's awards 获奖/接受奖励
辨析比较
(1)award 指较为正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予，也可以指法庭裁决给予奖励。
(2)prize 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中得奖。
(3)reward 多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答、酬谢。reward作名词时，常用give reward to sb.；作动词时，常用reward sb.with sth.。
[练重难点]
选词填空(award/prize/reward)
⑤Zhong Nanshan was awarded the Medal of the Republic for his outstanding contributions to the country's fight against the COVID-19 epidemic.
⑥After days of searching, our patience was eventually rewarded and we found the lost mountain climbers.
⑦With the help of my devoted friends, I finally got first prize in the competition last week.
2．cure vt.治愈；治好(疾病)；解决(问题) n．药物；治疗；(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The fresh air and exercise cured him of_his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.
②Professor Wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的病；改掉某人的不良习惯
a cure for sth. 治疗……的方法
辨析比较
(1)cure 强调结果，“治疗，治愈”，其后可直接加疾病或用于cure sb.of sth.结构。
(2)treat 强调过程，“治疗”，常用搭配：treat one's＋疾病或treat sb.for＋疾病。
[练重难点](选词填空：cure, treat)
③He suffered from a headache.The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but it didn't cure him.
1．as引导非限制性定语从句
[用法规则]
(1)as you can see 正如你所看到的
as we have expected 正如我们所预料的
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
as is well-known/as we all know 众所周知
as is often the case 情况总是如此
as is reported 正如所报道的那样
as the old saying goes 正如谚语所说
(2)as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如”之意，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。
②which引导非限制性定语从句时，引导的从句通常放于主句后，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/正像……”之意。
[应用体验]
对比填空(as/which)
①As is mentioned above, the number of the students is increasing.
②He was fond of reading gradually, which made our English teacher very happy.
完成句子
③As_is_known_to_us/As_is_wellknown,_a harmonious dormitory is important to students and benefits all the members.
众所周知，一个和谐的宿舍对学生来说很重要，对所有的成员都有好处。
④He passed the exam, as_we_had_expected.
正如我们所预料的，他通过了考试。
2．主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式
[用法规则]
“主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
(2)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, good, interesting, exciting等。
注意：此结构中，不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。
[应用体验](完成句子)
①Today's homework was_easy_to_do,_so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快完成它然后出去玩耍了。
②Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，实际上却很难与之相处。
③Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite.The morning air is so_good_to_breathe.
在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨空气呼吸起来棒极了。
音乐能够陶冶情操，放松心情，缓解工作、学习和生活的压力。音乐包含很多内容，如：欣赏音乐、音乐的纽带作用、策划音乐节、音乐的疗愈功能、音乐鉴赏与评论等。学生平时应多了解与音乐有关的素材，积累相关的理解和表达能力。高考命题也经常涉及这一主题，如2019年天津高考书面表达要求考生从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一作为感兴趣的讲座话题。
(节选自译林版教材选择性必修第一册UNIT 2)
Hi Lucy，
So glad to get your email.I hope everything is fine with you.❶Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It's a piece that really deserves to be heard.(开门见山，点明写信主题)
The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.❷When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.It is followed by a fast and cheerful section which represents their three happy years of school.Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu's father forces her to marry another man.❸Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss of her love.Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.❹Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.It is an amazing journey！(此段落叙述了《梁祝》这首乐曲的美妙之处)
Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on Western instruments such as the violin, but more significantly, much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.This unique combination has made me realize that music is indeed a universal language.You should definitely listen to Butterfly Lovers — I bet you'll like it！(指出了《梁祝》的独特之处——融合了中西方的音乐元素，并建议对方去听这首乐曲)
All the best，
Alice
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
在第二段介绍乐曲时使用的the twists and turns，light, whisper, cheerful, dramatic, bittersweet等词汇和短语生动形象地描写了《梁祝》这首曲子跌宕起伏的动人曲风。在信末用combine, root, universal等词介绍了这首曲子的特色，评价客观，令人信服。
2．学高级句式
句❶是一个简单句，句中运用Butterfly Lovers的同位语a beautiful violin concerto，补充了《梁祝》的相关信息，同时又使用过去分词短语composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang作定语进一步补充说明，句子结构凝练，表意丰富。
句❸是一个简单句，使用形容词短语Angry and sad作状语，生动描写了梁山伯当时的精神状态——悲愤交加。
句❹是一个主从复合句，使用现在分词短语telling us ...forever作伴随状语补充说明了在最激昂的部分，乐曲讲述的情节——这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。how引导宾语从句，强调化蝶这个情节的发展过程。
3．学修辞手法
句❷运用通感的修辞方法，以低声诉说来描述音乐的轻柔愉悦，化抽象为形象，由此及彼，勾起人们丰富的联想，意蕴深远，构成了特殊的艺术美。
4．学写作手法
本文选自一封介绍中国经典音乐《梁祝》的书信。写信人结合亲身体验，细致地介绍了《梁祝》这首乐曲所讲述的跌宕起伏的经典故事以及音乐的美妙和独特之处。分析细腻深刻，用词精准达意，很好地展现了写信人对这首乐曲的深刻理解，让读者深深感受到了融合了中西方音乐元素的这首经典名曲真的值得聆听和欣赏。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．folk music 民间音乐
2．classical music 古典音乐
3．enjoy wide popularity 广受欢迎
4．beautiful melody 优美的旋律
5．simple lyrics 简单的歌词
6．compose a song 创作歌曲
7．gain confidence 获得自信
8．dance to the music 随着音乐起舞
9．be keen on 喜欢……；对……着迷
10．make one's day 让某人开心
11．have a taste for 有……鉴赏力
12．suit one's taste 符合某人的嗜好
13．form a band 组建乐队
14．a bright smile 灿烂的微笑
15．in need 在困难中；在危急中
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．So I suggest you should keep the balance between your study and entertainment.
因此，我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡。
2．Beethoven began learning the violin and piano when he was only 5, and by the time he was 8 he was giving public concerts.
贝多芬5岁就开始学习小提琴和钢琴，8岁时就举办公众音乐会了。
3．She really impressed me a lot for I had never heard a more beautiful voice.
她真的给我留下了深刻的印象，因为我没有听过比这更美妙的声音了。
4．It is reported that the singer and dancer put on a wonderful performance last weekend.
据报道，这位歌手兼舞蹈家上周末进行了一场精彩的演出。
5．They performed so well that those who were watching burst into cheers.
他们表演得如此精彩以至于观众爆发出一阵阵欢呼声。
一、作文提升练习
下面是一封向朋友推荐中文参赛歌曲的书信。请根据上面所学，对习作进行润色、升级。
Dear Jim，
I'm so glad to hear you will come to Beijing and participate in the Chinese Singing Competition for Foreigners this summer vacation.❶For the song to choose, I highly recommend Jasmine Flower that was written by a famous musician He Fang.
First of all, it is representative of Chinese folk music and enjoys wide popularity, so there's no doubt that it will attract the audience's attention obviously once you start to sing.________， ❷this song has beautiful melody and simple lyrics, and it is relatively easy for you to learn in a short time.
I sincerely hope my recommendation can be helpful and wish you a wonderful performance.
Yours，
Li Hua
(一)将文中加蓝词汇升级
1．written→_composed
2．obviously→_dramatically
(二)根据提示将文中句子升级
1．用非谓语动词作状语升级句❶
For the song to choose, I highly recommend Jasmine Flower composed by a famous musician He Fang.
2．用which引导非限制性定语从句升级句❷
this_song_has_beautiful_melody_and_simple_lyrics,_which_is_relatively_easy_for_you_to_learn_in_a_short_time
(三)在文中设空处加上衔接词
Moreover
二、续写语段思维活
结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段，重点描写女孩的变化及带给自己的启发。
情节脉络：“我”和朋友一起去医院志愿演出→注意到一个重度烧伤的女孩→得知女孩对音乐的喜爱，“我”邀请她一起演唱→在“我”的不断鼓励、鼓舞下，女孩登台和“我”一起演唱→表演很成功，大家都对女孩的歌声报以热烈的掌声……
After her performance, I saw a change in the girl's eyes.
参考范文：
After her performance, I saw a change in the girl's eyes. The eyes seemed much brighter than when we had first met her just a couple of hours ago.She appeared to have gained a lot of confidence from this experience.She told me we had made her day.A bright smile spread across the little girl's face.I was pleased that I neither missed the opportunity to help others nor just thought of myself and my own needs.Not only stepping out did help those in need, but also it allowed me to taste the sweetness of helping thers.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·广东顺德模拟预测)Musicians want to be heard. Making that happen involves time and effort that could be spent making music, however. Fortunately, Richmonders Elijah Hedrick and designer Rian MosesHedrick have started a platform to help. HearRVA shines a spotlight on Richmond musicians. “We're basically trying to play matchmaker with music fans here in Richmond，” Rian says.
The promotion platform was created in July last year by the designer and her husband, Elijah. HearRVA's website offers videos of local performances, a list of live music spots and playlists of songs from Richmondbased musicians. Musicians submit links to their work to be considered for promotion at no cost. The site is a passion project for the married couple and is supported by money donations from the natives.
One of the next steps is an interview series, “Liner Notes”， which highlights local musicians and the motivations behind their music. The series was launched in November with local singer Devonne Harris, who plays recorded popular music on the local radio. “It's a great way for listeners to get a close look into what's going on behind some of the creative forces in the city，” Harris says. “Sometimes having extra insight adds more of a connection, so people can really go back to listen to your music and be grateful for what you do and listen to it from a different angle.”
Rian and Elijah are looking ahead to season two of “Liner Notes”， which they plan to release next year. For them, everything ties back to providing exposure to local musicians. “People always want to go to LA or New York because they think they have a better shot there, and the market's bigger，” Rian says, “but why don't we grow the market here？”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Hedrick夫妇建立了HearRVA，从而将本地歌手与音乐爱好者联系起来的故事。
1．What is the main purpose of HearRVA?
A．To bring local artists close together.
B．To build a useful source for musicians.
C．To show how to appreciate local music.
D．To connect local musicians with music lovers.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“HearRVA shines a spotlight ... Rian says.”可知，Hedrick夫妇建立HearRVA的目的是将本地音乐家与音乐爱好者联系起来。故选D。
2．What helps HearRVA's website work well?
A．The great local demand for it.
B．Local musicians' desire for fame.
C．Local people's financial support.
D．The married couple's gift for music.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，当地人的经济援助使HenrRVA网站运行良好。故选C。
3．What does the interview series focus on?
A．The comparisons between different musicians.
B．Effective ways of composing or playing music.
C．Different opinions on a certain kind of music.
D．Reasons why local musicians create their music.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，该节目主要关注当地音乐家创作的动机。故选D。
4．What's Rian's attitude to the future of season two of “Liner Notes”？
A．Negative. B．Positive.
C．Uncertain. D．Indifferent.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Rian and Elijah are looking ahead to season two of ‘Liner Notes’， which they plan to release next year.”可知，Hedrick夫妇都很期待Liner Notes第二季，再结合最后一段尾句可知，人们总想去洛杉矶或者纽约寻求机会，但为什么不在本地扩大市场呢？由此可以推断她对Liner Notes很有信心。故选B。
B
Why humans make and appreciate music is an evolutionary(进化的) mystery.Recently David Schruth and his colleagues have a new explanation.They say the roots of human music can date back to the branches of trees more than 50 million years ago, when the first primates(灵长类) appeared.Early primates moved around forest by leaping(跳跃) from branch to branch, a very dangerous way to travel that relies on hand and eye working together and control over muscles.
Schruth argues that a primate that calls in a musical way is advertising that it has fine control over its vocal(声音的) muscles.This might have convinced other primates that the caller also had fine control over its body.His another research shows the species that leap the most tend to have more complicated calls, which the team jokingly named as “protomusical”．
Hagen, a worldwide famous scientist in this field, commented on the research: “Some people would not include what we see in primates and songbirds as music.But I do see a continuity between human music and primate vocalizations.”
Hagen doesn't think human music has a single, simple explanation.He argues that human ancestors originally used musiclike vocalizations in two ways: groups vocalized together to send a signal of strength and unity to scare outsiders away, and mothers used vocalizations to communicate with babies.Also another idea: humans used music to strengthen social bonds.
All these ideas might be compatible,_says Hagen.Protomusic could have evolved in primates both to attract companions and for territorial signaling.Later, as early humans began cooperating in large numbers, protomusic might have been repurposed so it could attract rather than frighten outsiders, while also strengthening social bonds within groups.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了原始音乐和跳跃之间的联系，研究发现跳跃次数越多的物种，往往有更复杂的叫声。
5．What is Schruth's finding?
A．Primates have the most complex calls.
B．Human ancestors leap around trees skillfully.
C．Frequent movements sharpen early human calls.
D．Complicated vocalizations result from more leaps.
解析：选D 细节理解题。通过第二段最后一句可知，Schruth发现复杂的发声来自更多的跳跃。
6．What's Hagen's attitude to Schruth's research?
A．Negative. B．Skeptical.
C．Supportive. D．Cautious.
解析：选C 推理判断题。通过第三段内容可推知，Hagen是支持Schruth的研究的。
7．Which word can replace the underlined word in the last paragraph?
A．Clever. B．Reasonable.
C．Misleading. D．Contradictory.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词后面的句子可知，Hagen认为所有这些想法可能都是合理的，可推知，compatible意为“合理的”。
8．What's the best title of the text?
A．Repurposed functions of music
B．Arguments on primates' evolution
C．Origins of music linked to leaping
D．Discoveries about the human origins
解析：选C 标题归纳题。通读全文以及根据第二段“His another research shows ...named as ‘protomusical’．”可知，整篇文章都是在介绍原始音乐和跳跃之间的联系，故C选项适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Music therapy(疗法) is a form of therapy which utilizes music. __9__
Humans have been making music for thousands of years, and many doctors throughout history have proved the idea that music is beneficial to the mind and body, in addition to being enjoyable.
__10__ Listening to and making music appears to reduce heart rate and blood pressure, and provide people with a sense of calmness, safety, or security.
__11__ Most practitioners have studied psychology or psychiatry along with music. Music therapists work in hospitals, clinics, residential facilities, private practices, and homes.
Some specific applications for music therapy include: pain management, stress management, behavioural therapy, treatment for substance abuse, and work with people who have developmental disabilities. __12__ And they can include a variety of things, from listening to a piece of music and talking about the feelings it evokes(激发) to playing an instrument or writing songs as a method of personal expression.
Like other expressive therapies such as art therapy and dance therapy, the focus of music therapy is not on the end product, such as a musical composition, and people do not need to have prior experience with music to benefit from this type of therapy. __13__
A．This type of therapy has a number of benefits.
B．The measures are tailored to the need of the patient.
C．People can practise music therapy in a variety of ways.
D．This type of therapy may involve making music or listening to music.
E．But there are still many fields of music therapy needing to be changed.
F．What is more focused on is the process of listening to, creating, or thinking about music.
G．In the 20th century, the practice of music therapy improved as researchers conducted studies to learn how music acted on the brain and body.
9．选D 下文说明音乐疗法可以通过听音乐和制作音乐的方法。D选项(这种治疗可能包括制作音乐或听音乐)符合文意。
10．选G 上文说明音乐疗法之前就已经实行，接下来就应该结合近代社会音乐疗法的发展。G选项(20世纪，随着研究人员开展研究以了解音乐对大脑和身体的作用，音乐疗法的实践得到了改善)符合文意。
11．选C 下文说明音乐疗法可以实施在多种方法上。C选项(人们可以通过多种方式进行音乐治疗)符合文意。
12．选B 上文说明音乐疗法应该因人而异，应该对症下药。B选项(这些措施是根据病人的需要而制定的)符合文意。
13．选F 上文说明音乐疗法的关注点应在治疗过程。F选项(更关注的是聆听、创作或思考音乐的过程)符合文意。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I was ready for bed.My eyes fell on the musical __14__ on my bedside table.In it was a photo of Dad smiling, and once opened, it would play his __15__ song recorded before his death.It was propped(支撑) open just enough so the recording wouldn't play.
Dad was a __16__ man.He was always singing me his little madeup songs to share joy although he was __17__ offkey, not hitting every note.
Dad was a man with big heart.When my house burned down a few years ago, Dad __18__ my family into his home.When we tried to offer some __19__ , he said with his characteristic voice, “Don't be __20__ ！”
With happy __21__， I fell asleep.
“Beautiful and marvelous！”
Suddenly, I was awoken hours later by the __22__ song.The card! I snapped it shut(“啪”的一声合上)．
How did that card just start playing? I checked the windows, all tightly shut.But why couldn't I __23__ the feeling that something was wrong?
I decided to __24__ downstairs.Opening the door to the laundry room, I was hit with a strong smell of __25__.The heat lamp had fallen, and the carpet was burning.
The __26__ wasn't too bad.I let out a shaky breath with __27__. What could have happened? Perhaps another house fire... But we were safe.All thanks to Dad's oneofakind __28__.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在看到床头柜前的音乐卡片时，回忆起父亲生前的点点滴滴。随后在作者入睡后，音乐卡片的播放声音惊醒了作者。接下来当作者下楼检查时，发现灯掉了下来，点燃了地毯。
14．A.card B．record
C．box D．clock
解析：选A 根据下文中的“The card！”可知，此处指床头柜上的卡片。
15．A.sad B．particular
C．strange D．religious
解析：选B 根据下一段内容可知，此处应是指爸爸生前录制的他独创的歌。
16．A.powerful B．joyful
C．traditional D．reliable
解析：选B 根据下文中的“He was always singing me his little madeup songs to share joy”可知，父亲是一个快乐的人。
17．A.hardly B．intentionally
C．typically D．annoyingly
解析：选C 根据上文中的“He was always singing me”和下文中的“not hitting every note”可知，此处指他通常会跑调。
18．A.moved B．frightened
C．dragged D．tricked
解析：选A 根据上文中的“my house burned down”和下文中的“my family into his home”可知，此处指爸爸让我们全家搬进他的家。
19．A.tips B．protection
C．rent D．opportunities
解析：选C 根据上文中的“Dad ________ my family into his home”可知，此处指我们想给爸爸租金。
20．A.careful B．mean
C．sensible D．ridiculous
解析：选D 根据上文我们想给爸爸租金可知，此处指爸爸认为作者的做法可笑。
21．A.endings B．songs
C．wishes D．memories
解析：选D 根据上文作者对爸爸的回忆可知，带着美好的回忆“我”睡着了。
22．A.embarrassing B．familiar
C．classic D．beautiful
解析：选B 根据上文中的“it would play his________song recorded before his death”和下文中的“How did that card just start playing？”可知，此处指父亲唱歌的声音，所以是熟悉的。
23．A.rid B．believe
C．express D．tolerate
解析：选A 根据下文中的“that something was wrong”可知此处指“我”总觉得不对劲，即不能去除那种事情不对劲的感觉。
24．A.observe B．check
C．test D．wander
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Opening the door”可知，此处指“我”决定到楼下检查一下。
25．A.cigarettes B．chemicals
C．smoke D．cooking
解析：选C 根据下文中的“The heat lamp had fallen, and the carpet was burning.”可知，此处指“我”闻到了一股浓烟的气味。
26．A.influence B．reflection
C．damage D．change
解析：选C 根据上文中的“The heat lamp had fallen, and the carpet was burning.”和下文中的“wasn't too bad”可知，此处指损失不大。
27．A.satisfaction B．regret
C．excitement D．relief
解析：选D 根据上文中的“The ________wasn't too bad.”可知，此处指“我”松了一口气。
28．A.voice B．kindness
C．generosity D．heart
解析：选A 根据上文中的“How did that card just start playing？”可知，此处指音乐卡片里的父亲的声音。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The people living in the Appalachian Mountains are sometimes called hillbillies (乡下人). The first settlers there came from the province of Ulster in Ireland, and they __1__ (bring) their folk music with them. This music, __2__ (mix) with the blues (布鲁斯音乐), became hillbilly music.
Later, __3__ hillbilly music became more popular, it __4__ (call) country music. Country songs are often sad stories of love and broken hearts. In the 1920s, people listened to country music on the radio. Not all country people were farmers. Many worked in the factories. They also loved country music, and it became __5__ music of the working class.
During the 1930s, America had many economic problems. Workers expressed their troubles __6__ (use) the folk music of the time. Folk songs are like country songs but they are __7__ (tradition) and more serious.
During the 1950s, folk music gained its __8__ (popular) again. Martin Luther King wanted to improve __9__ (life) of African Americans. He led several marches to change the laws in the USA. The marchers sang old folk songs like We Shall Overcome.
In the 1960s, many people were __10__ the war in Vietnam. Folk singers like Bob Dylan and Joan Baez wrote antiwar songs and other songs about the problems of American society. Folk music continues to be the most political of all music in America.
1．brought 考查动词的时态和语态。本句为and连接的并列句，故此处应与came的时态保持一致，且主语they与bring之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填brought。
2．mixed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，This music与mix之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词mixed。(be) mixed with sth.意为“与某物混合”。
3．as/when 考查连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处填as/when引导时间状语从句，意为“随着/当……时”。
4．was called 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语it(hillbilly music)为单数形式，且与call之间为动宾关系，且从句时态为一般过去时，故此处填was called。
5．the 考查冠词。此处用定冠词the表示特指，the music of the working class意为“工人阶级的音乐”。
6．using 考查非谓语动词。句子主语Workers与动词use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应用现在分词作方式状语，故此处填using。
7．more traditional 考查形容词的比较级。and连接两个并列成分作表语，and后用more serious，故此处应填形容词的比较级more traditional。
8．popularity 考查名词。动词gain后面需接名词作宾语，故此处填popular的名词形式popularity。gain popularity意为“流行，受欢迎”，相当于become popular。
9．lives 考查名词复数。life在此为可数名词，其后被of African Americans修饰，故此处应用其复数形式。lives of African Americans意为“美国黑人的生活”。
10．against 考查介词。根据下文“wrote antiwar songs”可知，此处应填against，(be) against the war in Vietnam意为“反对越南战争”。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
新华中学近期组织了校园劳动周(Campus Labour Week)活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇简短的英文报道。内容包括：
1．活动的时间与地点；
2．活动的过程；
3．你的评论。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
In order to enhance students' physical quality, our school organised a “Campus Labour Week” activity.
It was held from May 15th to 19th in our school.Some lectures on labour skills were given on the first day, from which we benefited a lot.Weeding and watering flowers were attractions to Senior One.Varieties of other labour projects gave us unforgettable experiences.Undoubtedly, not only can this event enrich our school life, but also offer us opportunities to learn more daily practical skills！
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．ache all over 全身疼痛
2．a cultural phenomenon 一种文化现象
3．a family album 一本家庭相册
4．a classical music composer 一位古典音乐作曲家
5．breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负地松了口气
6．learn by repetition 通过重复来学习
7．a romantic candlelit dinner 浪漫的烛光晚餐
8．the stringed instruments 有弦的乐器
9．an unemployed builder 一位失业的建筑工人
10．a virtual world 一个虚拟的世界
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．There are four subjects altogether during the exam, which takes place on June 7th and 8th. (adv.(用以强调)总共)
2．I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.(n.奖)
3．There are some differences between American and British English, but do you know how the differences came into being？(n.存在)
4．This piece of music is one of Beethoven's finest compositions.(n.作品)
5．In response to this problem, various academics proposed many measures and steps.(adj.各种不同的)
6．Furthermore, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.(vt.治愈)
7．The change will have a huge impact on life.(n.巨大影响)
8．Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings.(adv.而且)
9．Don't hesitate to make a decision, or you'll let such a golden opportunity slip through your fingers.(n.机会)
10．The president gains good reputation for his learned knowledge and great care for ordinary people.(adj.普通的)
11．It is faster and more stable than 4G, the previous generation of cellular network technology.(adj.先前的)
12．Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, many scientists have questioned what really happened.(vt.证明)
13．They serve passengers heart and soul.(n.心灵)
14．The Chinese Lunar (月球) Exploration Program is designed to be conducted in three stages.(n.阶段)
15．Thatcher was famous for her tough style, and thus she was called the “Iron Lady”．(adv.因此)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．He reacts to everything around very quickly, and the reaction has been bothering him.(n.反应)
拓展：react v．作出反应
2．For sustainable development, I advocate we should substitute conventional energy with renewable energy.(n.能源)
拓展：energetic adj.精力充沛的
3．The experiment performed in the 1990s showed that many plants tolerate a wide range of light conditions.(v.执行)
拓展：performance n．表演→performer n．表演者；演员
4．A microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.(vt.使能够)
拓展：able adj.能够的；有才能的
5．The original plan by the council was tabled because of lack of funds.(adj.原来的)
拓展：origin_n．起源；源头；起因
6．The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence.(adj.渐进的)
拓展：gradually adv.逐渐地
7．The International Day of Families aims to deepen people's understanding of issues that are related to families.(v.力求达到)
拓展：aimless adj.无目的的
8．Experts advised that parents should discourage children from doing homework by using electronic equipment too much.(n.设备)
拓展：equip vt.装备
9．It is the talent and hard work of the musical group that allow them to win over many fans.(n.天资)
拓展：talented adj.天才的
10．Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture.(vt.以为)
拓展：assuming conj.假设→assumption n．假设；假定
11．Pasta's basic ingredients are flour and water, sometimes with the addition of eggs or oil.(n.添加)
拓展：add v．添加；加，增加→additional adj.附加的；额外的
12．Dr Brown is treating the patients' stomach disease with a new treatment.(n.治疗方案)
拓展：treat_v．治疗，对待
13．To his satisfaction，his son made rapid progress in English.(n.满意)
拓展：satisfy v．使满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．In addition to all her other qualifications, she was an expert cook.除……以外
2．I'll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it.爱上
3．Cameras were set up at strategic points along the route.安装好
4．The song made me feel so much better that from then on I began to listen to music all the time.从那时起
5．In every marriage, sacrifices have to be made by one partner from time to time.不时
6．I hope I can swim and have the opportunity to take part in the Olympic Games in the future.参加
7．To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage，with you, the reader, in the audience._在舞台上_
8．I was so absorbed in reading the novel that I forgot to have lunch.B
A．被……吸引住 B．专心致志于
9．Music brought her relief and helped her get through hard times.C
A．(设法)处理 B．完成 C．熬过
10．She tried out for some shows, but the reaction from audience was terrible.B
A．参加选拔 B．参加试演
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to ...forget my problems.With music, I become someone else.”(as引导非限制性定语从句)
一位虚拟合唱团成员说道：“音乐帮助我……忘记自己的问题。音乐，让我脱胎换骨。”
写作亮句
①As is always the case with language learning，Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.
正如学习语言一样，学习普通话也需要大量的练习。
②“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.
正如古训所说：“你不能以貌取人。”
文化典句
As the old saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
正如谚语所说，只工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。
2.
教材原句
Two years ago, I was told I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure.(主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式)
两年前，我被告知得了一种很难治愈的严重疾病。
写作亮句
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The surrounding scenery of the farm is very wonderful, where the air was so good to breathe.农场周围的风景美极了，那里的空气呼吸起来感觉如此美好。
②Secondly, being polite and friendly, I am easy to get along with and enjoy working together with others.其次，我礼貌、友好，很容易与人相处，而且喜欢与别人一起工作。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“兴奋”
During the event, enthusiasm swept over us all.When the relay race was under way, the athletes were running as fast as possible to pass other opponents, which kept spectators on the edge of their seats.“Hold on! You can make it！” the students yelled.In the distance running match, all of the students, teachers and parents cheered and clapped for runners who passed by.
在比赛中，热情席卷了我们所有人。接力赛进行时，为了超过其他选手，运动员们都在全力以赴加速跑，观众们都激动不已。“稳住！你们能赢！”同学们大声喊着。在长跑比赛中，所有的学生、老师和家长都为经过的选手欢呼鼓掌。
[点评] 本段使用了sweep over, run as fast as possible, keep spectators on the edge of their seats, hold on, make it, yell, cheer and clap等词块，生动形象地勾勒出了一幅激动人心的比赛画面。
1．perform vi.& vt.表演；履行；执行
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①As everyone knows, she performs an important role in our organization.
②On National Day，our class put on a wonderful performance.
③The famous doctor is going to set out to_perform (perform) the operation, so please keep calm.
④He would probably, for a time at least, continue to perform_his_duty.
他可能至少要在一段时间内，继续履行自己的职责。
[系统归纳]
(1)perform a(n) ...role in 在……中起……作用
perform an operation/a play 进行手术/演一场戏
perform one's duty/promise 尽某人的责任/履行某人的承诺
(2)performance n． 表演；演技；表现
put on/give a performance 表演
2．relief n．(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Having finished all the housework，Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing in relief.
②To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy.
③Take the medicine as instructed, and you will be relieved of your pain.
④It_was_a_relief_that the video was well received on the graduation ceremony.
在毕业典礼上，视频很受欢迎，真是一种欣慰。
[系统归纳]
(1)in relief 如释重负；松了口气
to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
It is a relief that ... ……真是一种欣慰
(2)relieve vt. 解除；减轻
relieve sb.of ... 减轻某人……方面的负担
3．aim n．目的；目标 vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt.目的是；旨在
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to_introduce (introduce) American customs and the life of high school students.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing to aim at applying for the chance to become a volunteer.
③She went to London with the aim of finding a job.
④As a determined and persistent man, he_eventually_achieved_his_aim.
作为一个意志坚定的人，他最终实现了自己的目标。
[系统归纳]
(1)aim at/be aimed at (doing) sth. 瞄准；对准；旨在(做)某事
aim to do sth.＝ be aimed to do sth. 目的是做某事
(2)with the aim of ... 目的是……
achieve one's aim 达到某人的目标/目的
4．assume vt.以为；假设
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①We must assume him to_be (be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
②If you make an assumption (assume) that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen.
③Assuming/Assume (assume) that the plan is practical, how will you achieve it?
④It_is_generally_assumed_that stress is caused by too much work.
人们普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。
[系统归纳]
(1)assume ...to be ... 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that ... 一般认为……
(2)assumption n. 设想；假定
make an assumption 认为；假定
(3)assuming conj. 假设
assuming/assume (that) ... 假设/假定……
5．be absorbed in被……吸引住；专心致志
[题点全练]
单句语法填空
①Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
②At that time, he absorbed himself (he) in research to work out the problem.
③Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil.
同义句转换(把①句改为分词短语作状语)
④Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom_forgot_to_inform_me_of_the_time_of_the_meeting.
[系统归纳]
(1)absorb ...from ... 从……中吸收……
absorb oneself in ... 全神贯注于
(2)be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...类似的结构还有：
be lost in ... 陷入……；专心致志于……
be caught in ... 被困在……
be buried in ... 埋头于……
be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……
1．award vt.授予 n．奖品
[题点全练]
单句语法填空/完成句子
①He was awarded a prize for his contribution to world peace.
②It is said that_the_new_invention_won_the_first_award.
据说这项新发明获得了一等奖。
一句多译
因为做好事，主席给她颁发了金牌。
③The chairman awarded_her_the_gold_medal for her good deeds.
④The chairman awarded_the_gold_medal_to_her for her good deeds.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)award sb.for sth. 因某事而奖励某人
award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb. 给予/授予某人某物
(2)win awards/receive one's awards 获奖/接受奖励
辨析比较
(1)award 指较为正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予，也可以指法庭裁决给予奖励。
(2)prize 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中得奖。
(3)reward 多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答、酬谢。reward作名词时，常用give reward to sb.；作动词时，常用reward sb.with sth.。
[练重难点]
选词填空(award/prize/reward)
⑤Zhong Nanshan was awarded the Medal of the Republic for his outstanding contributions to the country's fight against the COVID-19 epidemic.
⑥After days of searching, our patience was eventually rewarded and we found the lost mountain climbers.
⑦With the help of my devoted friends, I finally got first prize in the competition last week.
2．cure vt.治愈；治好(疾病)；解决(问题) n．药物；治疗；(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The fresh air and exercise cured him of_his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.
②Professor Wang said the reason of short-sightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure for it.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的病；改掉某人的不良习惯
a cure for sth. 治疗……的方法
辨析比较
(1)cure 强调结果，“治疗，治愈”，其后可直接加疾病或用于cure sb.of sth.结构。
(2)treat 强调过程，“治疗”，常用搭配：treat one's＋疾病或treat sb.for＋疾病。
[练重难点](选词填空：cure, treat)
③He suffered from a headache.The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but it didn't cure him.
1．as引导非限制性定语从句
[用法规则]
(1)as you can see 正如你所看到的
as we have expected 正如我们所预料的
as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
as is well-known/as we all know 众所周知
as is often the case 情况总是如此
as is reported 正如所报道的那样
as the old saying goes 正如谚语所说
(2)as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，有“正如”之意，常放于主句之前，有时也可放在主句之后或主句之中。
②which引导非限制性定语从句时，引导的从句通常放于主句后，意为“这一点”，且无“正如/正像……”之意。
[应用体验]
对比填空(as/which)
①As is mentioned above, the number of the students is increasing.
②He was fond of reading gradually, which made our English teacher very happy.
完成句子
③As_is_known_to_us/As_is_wellknown,_a harmonious dormitory is important to students and benefits all the members.
众所周知，一个和谐的宿舍对学生来说很重要，对所有的成员都有好处。
④He passed the exam, as_we_had_expected.
正如我们所预料的，他通过了考试。
2．主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式
[用法规则]
“主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
(2)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, good, interesting, exciting等。
注意：此结构中，不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。
[应用体验](完成句子)
①Today's homework was_easy_to_do,_so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
今天的作业容易做，因此迈克很快完成它然后出去玩耍了。
②Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is_hard_to_get_along_with.
尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，实际上却很难与之相处。
③Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite.The morning air is so_good_to_breathe.
在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨空气呼吸起来棒极了。
音乐能够陶冶情操，放松心情，缓解工作、学习和生活的压力。音乐包含很多内容，如：欣赏音乐、音乐的纽带作用、策划音乐节、音乐的疗愈功能、音乐鉴赏与评论等。学生平时应多了解与音乐有关的素材，积累相关的理解和表达能力。高考命题也经常涉及这一主题，如2019年天津高考书面表达要求考生从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一作为感兴趣的讲座话题。
(节选自译林版教材选择性必修第一册UNIT 2)
Hi Lucy，
So glad to get your email.I hope everything is fine with you.❶Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang. It's a piece that really deserves to be heard.(开门见山，点明写信主题)
The music took me through the twists and turns of a classic story about a young couple torn apart by their families.❷When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if whispering to the audience.It is followed by a fast and cheerful section which represents their three happy years of school.Then the music gets dramatic with heavier notes and that is when the lovers are separated because Zhu's father forces her to marry another man.❸Angry and sad, Liang falls sick and dies.Zhu weeps bitterly over the loss of her love.Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.❹Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.It is an amazing journey！(此段落叙述了《梁祝》这首乐曲的美妙之处)
Butterfly Lovers combines Chinese and Western musical elements: it is played on Western instruments such as the violin, but more significantly, much of the music has its roots in Chinese Yue Opera.This unique combination has made me realize that music is indeed a universal language.You should definitely listen to Butterfly Lovers — I bet you'll like it！(指出了《梁祝》的独特之处——融合了中西方的音乐元素，并建议对方去听这首乐曲)
All the best，
Alice
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
在第二段介绍乐曲时使用的the twists and turns，light, whisper, cheerful, dramatic, bittersweet等词汇和短语生动形象地描写了《梁祝》这首曲子跌宕起伏的动人曲风。在信末用combine, root, universal等词介绍了这首曲子的特色，评价客观，令人信服。
2．学高级句式
句❶是一个简单句，句中运用Butterfly Lovers的同位语a beautiful violin concerto，补充了《梁祝》的相关信息，同时又使用过去分词短语composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang作定语进一步补充说明，句子结构凝练，表意丰富。
句❸是一个简单句，使用形容词短语Angry and sad作状语，生动描写了梁山伯当时的精神状态——悲愤交加。
句❹是一个主从复合句，使用现在分词短语telling us ...forever作伴随状语补充说明了在最激昂的部分，乐曲讲述的情节——这对情侣化蝶而去，永世不再分离。how引导宾语从句，强调化蝶这个情节的发展过程。
3．学修辞手法
句❷运用通感的修辞方法，以低声诉说来描述音乐的轻柔愉悦，化抽象为形象，由此及彼，勾起人们丰富的联想，意蕴深远，构成了特殊的艺术美。
4．学写作手法
本文选自一封介绍中国经典音乐《梁祝》的书信。写信人结合亲身体验，细致地介绍了《梁祝》这首乐曲所讲述的跌宕起伏的经典故事以及音乐的美妙和独特之处。分析细腻深刻，用词精准达意，很好地展现了写信人对这首乐曲的深刻理解，让读者深深感受到了融合了中西方音乐元素的这首经典名曲真的值得聆听和欣赏。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．folk music 民间音乐
2．classical music 古典音乐
3．enjoy wide popularity 广受欢迎
4．beautiful melody 优美的旋律
5．simple lyrics 简单的歌词
6．compose a song 创作歌曲
7．gain confidence 获得自信
8．dance to the music 随着音乐起舞
9．be keen on 喜欢……；对……着迷
10．make one's day 让某人开心
11．have a taste for 有……鉴赏力
12．suit one's taste 符合某人的嗜好
13．form a band 组建乐队
14．a bright smile 灿烂的微笑
15．in need 在困难中；在危急中
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．So I suggest you should keep the balance between your study and entertainment.
因此，我建议你应该保持学习和娱乐之间的平衡。
2．Beethoven began learning the violin and piano when he was only 5, and by the time he was 8 he was giving public concerts.
贝多芬5岁就开始学习小提琴和钢琴，8岁时就举办公众音乐会了。
3．She really impressed me a lot for I had never heard a more beautiful voice.
她真的给我留下了深刻的印象，因为我没有听过比这更美妙的声音了。
4．It is reported that the singer and dancer put on a wonderful performance last weekend.
据报道，这位歌手兼舞蹈家上周末进行了一场精彩的演出。
5．They performed so well that those who were watching burst into cheers.
他们表演得如此精彩以至于观众爆发出一阵阵欢呼声。
一、作文提升练习
下面是一封向朋友推荐中文参赛歌曲的书信。请根据上面所学，对习作进行润色、升级。
Dear Jim，
I'm so glad to hear you will come to Beijing and participate in the Chinese Singing Competition for Foreigners this summer vacation.❶For the song to choose, I highly recommend Jasmine Flower that was written by a famous musician He Fang.
First of all, it is representative of Chinese folk music and enjoys wide popularity, so there's no doubt that it will attract the audience's attention obviously once you start to sing.________， ❷this song has beautiful melody and simple lyrics, and it is relatively easy for you to learn in a short time.
I sincerely hope my recommendation can be helpful and wish you a wonderful performance.
Yours，
Li Hua
(一)将文中加蓝词汇升级
1．written→_composed
2．obviously→_dramatically
(二)根据提示将文中句子升级
1．用非谓语动词作状语升级句❶
For the song to choose, I highly recommend Jasmine Flower composed by a famous musician He Fang.
2．用which引导非限制性定语从句升级句❷
this_song_has_beautiful_melody_and_simple_lyrics,_which_is_relatively_easy_for_you_to_learn_in_a_short_time
(三)在文中设空处加上衔接词
Moreover
二、续写语段思维活
结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段，重点描写女孩的变化及带给自己的启发。
情节脉络：“我”和朋友一起去医院志愿演出→注意到一个重度烧伤的女孩→得知女孩对音乐的喜爱，“我”邀请她一起演唱→在“我”的不断鼓励、鼓舞下，女孩登台和“我”一起演唱→表演很成功，大家都对女孩的歌声报以热烈的掌声……
After her performance, I saw a change in the girl's eyes.
参考范文：
After her performance, I saw a change in the girl's eyes. The eyes seemed much brighter than when we had first met her just a couple of hours ago.She appeared to have gained a lot of confidence from this experience.She told me we had made her day.A bright smile spread across the little girl's face.I was pleased that I neither missed the opportunity to help others nor just thought of myself and my own needs.Not only stepping out did help those in need, but also it allowed me to taste the sweetness of helping thers.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·广东顺德模拟预测)Musicians want to be heard. Making that happen involves time and effort that could be spent making music, however. Fortunately, Richmonders Elijah Hedrick and designer Rian MosesHedrick have started a platform to help. HearRVA shines a spotlight on Richmond musicians. “We're basically trying to play matchmaker with music fans here in Richmond，” Rian says.
The promotion platform was created in July last year by the designer and her husband, Elijah. HearRVA's website offers videos of local performances, a list of live music spots and playlists of songs from Richmondbased musicians. Musicians submit links to their work to be considered for promotion at no cost. The site is a passion project for the married couple and is supported by money donations from the natives.
One of the next steps is an interview series, “Liner Notes”， which highlights local musicians and the motivations behind their music. The series was launched in November with local singer Devonne Harris, who plays recorded popular music on the local radio. “It's a great way for listeners to get a close look into what's going on behind some of the creative forces in the city，” Harris says. “Sometimes having extra insight adds more of a connection, so people can really go back to listen to your music and be grateful for what you do and listen to it from a different angle.”
Rian and Elijah are looking ahead to season two of “Liner Notes”， which they plan to release next year. For them, everything ties back to providing exposure to local musicians. “People always want to go to LA or New York because they think they have a better shot there, and the market's bigger，” Rian says, “but why don't we grow the market here？”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Hedrick夫妇建立了HearRVA，从而将本地歌手与音乐爱好者联系起来的故事。
1．What is the main purpose of HearRVA?
A．To bring local artists close together.
B．To build a useful source for musicians.
C．To show how to appreciate local music.
D．To connect local musicians with music lovers.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“HearRVA shines a spotlight ... Rian says.”可知，Hedrick夫妇建立HearRVA的目的是将本地音乐家与音乐爱好者联系起来。故选D。
2．What helps HearRVA's website work well?
A．The great local demand for it.
B．Local musicians' desire for fame.
C．Local people's financial support.
D．The married couple's gift for music.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，当地人的经济援助使HenrRVA网站运行良好。故选C。
3．What does the interview series focus on?
A．The comparisons between different musicians.
B．Effective ways of composing or playing music.
C．Different opinions on a certain kind of music.
D．Reasons why local musicians create their music.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，该节目主要关注当地音乐家创作的动机。故选D。
4．What's Rian's attitude to the future of season two of “Liner Notes”？
A．Negative. B．Positive.
C．Uncertain. D．Indifferent.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Rian and Elijah are looking ahead to season two of ‘Liner Notes’， which they plan to release next year.”可知，Hedrick夫妇都很期待Liner Notes第二季，再结合最后一段尾句可知，人们总想去洛杉矶或者纽约寻求机会，但为什么不在本地扩大市场呢？由此可以推断她对Liner Notes很有信心。故选B。
B
Why humans make and appreciate music is an evolutionary(进化的) mystery.Recently David Schruth and his colleagues have a new explanation.They say the roots of human music can date back to the branches of trees more than 50 million years ago, when the first primates(灵长类) appeared.Early primates moved around forest by leaping(跳跃) from branch to branch, a very dangerous way to travel that relies on hand and eye working together and control over muscles.
Schruth argues that a primate that calls in a musical way is advertising that it has fine control over its vocal(声音的) muscles.This might have convinced other primates that the caller also had fine control over its body.His another research shows the species that leap the most tend to have more complicated calls, which the team jokingly named as “protomusical”．
Hagen, a worldwide famous scientist in this field, commented on the research: “Some people would not include what we see in primates and songbirds as music.But I do see a continuity between human music and primate vocalizations.”
Hagen doesn't think human music has a single, simple explanation.He argues that human ancestors originally used musiclike vocalizations in two ways: groups vocalized together to send a signal of strength and unity to scare outsiders away, and mothers used vocalizations to communicate with babies.Also another idea: humans used music to strengthen social bonds.
All these ideas might be compatible,_says Hagen.Protomusic could have evolved in primates both to attract companions and for territorial signaling.Later, as early humans began cooperating in large numbers, protomusic might have been repurposed so it could attract rather than frighten outsiders, while also strengthening social bonds within groups.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了原始音乐和跳跃之间的联系，研究发现跳跃次数越多的物种，往往有更复杂的叫声。
5．What is Schruth's finding?
A．Primates have the most complex calls.
B．Human ancestors leap around trees skillfully.
C．Frequent movements sharpen early human calls.
D．Complicated vocalizations result from more leaps.
解析：选D 细节理解题。通过第二段最后一句可知，Schruth发现复杂的发声来自更多的跳跃。
6．What's Hagen's attitude to Schruth's research?
A．Negative. B．Skeptical.
C．Supportive. D．Cautious.
解析：选C 推理判断题。通过第三段内容可推知，Hagen是支持Schruth的研究的。
7．Which word can replace the underlined word in the last paragraph?
A．Clever. B．Reasonable.
C．Misleading. D．Contradictory.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词后面的句子可知，Hagen认为所有这些想法可能都是合理的，可推知，compatible意为“合理的”。
8．What's the best title of the text?
A．Repurposed functions of music
B．Arguments on primates' evolution
C．Origins of music linked to leaping
D．Discoveries about the human origins
解析：选C 标题归纳题。通读全文以及根据第二段“His another research shows ...named as ‘protomusical’．”可知，整篇文章都是在介绍原始音乐和跳跃之间的联系，故C选项适合作为文章标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Music therapy(疗法) is a form of therapy which utilizes music. __9__
Humans have been making music for thousands of years, and many doctors throughout history have proved the idea that music is beneficial to the mind and body, in addition to being enjoyable.
__10__ Listening to and making music appears to reduce heart rate and blood pressure, and provide people with a sense of calmness, safety, or security.
__11__ Most practitioners have studied psychology or psychiatry along with music. Music therapists work in hospitals, clinics, residential facilities, private practices, and homes.
Some specific applications for music therapy include: pain management, stress management, behavioural therapy, treatment for substance abuse, and work with people who have developmental disabilities. __12__ And they can include a variety of things, from listening to a piece of music and talking about the feelings it evokes(激发) to playing an instrument or writing songs as a method of personal expression.
Like other expressive therapies such as art therapy and dance therapy, the focus of music therapy is not on the end product, such as a musical composition, and people do not need to have prior experience with music to benefit from this type of therapy. __13__
A．This type of therapy has a number of benefits.
B．The measures are tailored to the need of the patient.
C．People can practise music therapy in a variety of ways.
D．This type of therapy may involve making music or listening to music.
E．But there are still many fields of music therapy needing to be changed.
F．What is more focused on is the process of listening to, creating, or thinking about music.
G．In the 20th century, the practice of music therapy improved as researchers conducted studies to learn how music acted on the brain and body.
9．选D 下文说明音乐疗法可以通过听音乐和制作音乐的方法。D选项(这种治疗可能包括制作音乐或听音乐)符合文意。
10．选G 上文说明音乐疗法之前就已经实行，接下来就应该结合近代社会音乐疗法的发展。G选项(20世纪，随着研究人员开展研究以了解音乐对大脑和身体的作用，音乐疗法的实践得到了改善)符合文意。
11．选C 下文说明音乐疗法可以实施在多种方法上。C选项(人们可以通过多种方式进行音乐治疗)符合文意。
12．选B 上文说明音乐疗法应该因人而异，应该对症下药。B选项(这些措施是根据病人的需要而制定的)符合文意。
13．选F 上文说明音乐疗法的关注点应在治疗过程。F选项(更关注的是聆听、创作或思考音乐的过程)符合文意。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I was ready for bed.My eyes fell on the musical __14__ on my bedside table.In it was a photo of Dad smiling, and once opened, it would play his __15__ song recorded before his death.It was propped(支撑) open just enough so the recording wouldn't play.
Dad was a __16__ man.He was always singing me his little madeup songs to share joy although he was __17__ offkey, not hitting every note.
Dad was a man with big heart.When my house burned down a few years ago, Dad __18__ my family into his home.When we tried to offer some __19__ , he said with his characteristic voice, “Don't be __20__ ！”
With happy __21__， I fell asleep.
“Beautiful and marvelous！”
Suddenly, I was awoken hours later by the __22__ song.The card! I snapped it shut(“啪”的一声合上)．
How did that card just start playing? I checked the windows, all tightly shut.But why couldn't I __23__ the feeling that something was wrong?
I decided to __24__ downstairs.Opening the door to the laundry room, I was hit with a strong smell of __25__.The heat lamp had fallen, and the carpet was burning.
The __26__ wasn't too bad.I let out a shaky breath with __27__. What could have happened? Perhaps another house fire... But we were safe.All thanks to Dad's oneofakind __28__.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在看到床头柜前的音乐卡片时，回忆起父亲生前的点点滴滴。随后在作者入睡后，音乐卡片的播放声音惊醒了作者。接下来当作者下楼检查时，发现灯掉了下来，点燃了地毯。
14．A.card B．record
C．box D．clock
解析：选A 根据下文中的“The card！”可知，此处指床头柜上的卡片。
15．A.sad B．particular
C．strange D．religious
解析：选B 根据下一段内容可知，此处应是指爸爸生前录制的他独创的歌。
16．A.powerful B．joyful
C．traditional D．reliable
解析：选B 根据下文中的“He was always singing me his little madeup songs to share joy”可知，父亲是一个快乐的人。
17．A.hardly B．intentionally
C．typically D．annoyingly
解析：选C 根据上文中的“He was always singing me”和下文中的“not hitting every note”可知，此处指他通常会跑调。
18．A.moved B．frightened
C．dragged D．tricked
解析：选A 根据上文中的“my house burned down”和下文中的“my family into his home”可知，此处指爸爸让我们全家搬进他的家。
19．A.tips B．protection
C．rent D．opportunities
解析：选C 根据上文中的“Dad ________ my family into his home”可知，此处指我们想给爸爸租金。
20．A.careful B．mean
C．sensible D．ridiculous
解析：选D 根据上文我们想给爸爸租金可知，此处指爸爸认为作者的做法可笑。
21．A.endings B．songs
C．wishes D．memories
解析：选D 根据上文作者对爸爸的回忆可知，带着美好的回忆“我”睡着了。
22．A.embarrassing B．familiar
C．classic D．beautiful
解析：选B 根据上文中的“it would play his________song recorded before his death”和下文中的“How did that card just start playing？”可知，此处指父亲唱歌的声音，所以是熟悉的。
23．A.rid B．believe
C．express D．tolerate
解析：选A 根据下文中的“that something was wrong”可知此处指“我”总觉得不对劲，即不能去除那种事情不对劲的感觉。
24．A.observe B．check
C．test D．wander
解析：选B 根据下文中的“Opening the door”可知，此处指“我”决定到楼下检查一下。
25．A.cigarettes B．chemicals
C．smoke D．cooking
解析：选C 根据下文中的“The heat lamp had fallen, and the carpet was burning.”可知，此处指“我”闻到了一股浓烟的气味。
26．A.influence B．reflection
C．damage D．change
解析：选C 根据上文中的“The heat lamp had fallen, and the carpet was burning.”和下文中的“wasn't too bad”可知，此处指损失不大。
27．A.satisfaction B．regret
C．excitement D．relief
解析：选D 根据上文中的“The ________wasn't too bad.”可知，此处指“我”松了一口气。
28．A.voice B．kindness
C．generosity D．heart
解析：选A 根据上文中的“How did that card just start playing？”可知，此处指音乐卡片里的父亲的声音。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The people living in the Appalachian Mountains are sometimes called hillbillies (乡下人). The first settlers there came from the province of Ulster in Ireland, and they __1__ (bring) their folk music with them. This music, __2__ (mix) with the blues (布鲁斯音乐), became hillbilly music.
Later, __3__ hillbilly music became more popular, it __4__ (call) country music. Country songs are often sad stories of love and broken hearts. In the 1920s, people listened to country music on the radio. Not all country people were farmers. Many worked in the factories. They also loved country music, and it became __5__ music of the working class.
During the 1930s, America had many economic problems. Workers expressed their troubles __6__ (use) the folk music of the time. Folk songs are like country songs but they are __7__ (tradition) and more serious.
During the 1950s, folk music gained its __8__ (popular) again. Martin Luther King wanted to improve __9__ (life) of African Americans. He led several marches to change the laws in the USA. The marchers sang old folk songs like We Shall Overcome.
In the 1960s, many people were __10__ the war in Vietnam. Folk singers like Bob Dylan and Joan Baez wrote antiwar songs and other songs about the problems of American society. Folk music continues to be the most political of all music in America.
1．brought 考查动词的时态和语态。本句为and连接的并列句，故此处应与came的时态保持一致，且主语they与bring之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填brought。
2．mixed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，This music与mix之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词mixed。(be) mixed with sth.意为“与某物混合”。
3．as/when 考查连词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处填as/when引导时间状语从句，意为“随着/当……时”。
4．was called 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语it(hillbilly music)为单数形式，且与call之间为动宾关系，且从句时态为一般过去时，故此处填was called。
5．the 考查冠词。此处用定冠词the表示特指，the music of the working class意为“工人阶级的音乐”。
6．using 考查非谓语动词。句子主语Workers与动词use之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应用现在分词作方式状语，故此处填using。
7．more traditional 考查形容词的比较级。and连接两个并列成分作表语，and后用more serious，故此处应填形容词的比较级more traditional。
8．popularity 考查名词。动词gain后面需接名词作宾语，故此处填popular的名词形式popularity。gain popularity意为“流行，受欢迎”，相当于become popular。
9．lives 考查名词复数。life在此为可数名词，其后被of African Americans修饰，故此处应用其复数形式。lives of African Americans意为“美国黑人的生活”。
10．against 考查介词。根据下文“wrote antiwar songs”可知，此处应填against，(be) against the war in Vietnam意为“反对越南战争”。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
新华中学近期组织了校园劳动周(Campus Labour Week)活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇简短的英文报道。内容包括：
1．活动的时间与地点；
2．活动的过程；
3．你的评论。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
In order to enhance students' physical quality, our school organised a “Campus Labour Week” activity.
It was held from May 15th to 19th in our school.Some lectures on labour skills were given on the first day, from which we benefited a lot.Weeding and watering flowers were attractions to Senior One.Varieties of other labour projects gave us unforgettable experiences.Undoubtedly, not only can this event enrich our school life, but also offer us opportunities to learn more daily practical skills！
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