人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时练习

第三单元过关检测(A卷)

第一部分　听力

第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

KirbyWildlifePark—KeeperExperience

Due to the large number of inquiries (询问) from people interested in working with animals,Kirby Wildlife Park has set up the unique “Keeper Experience” package.The fantastic experience is available to anyone over the age of 18 who is reasonably fit.We regret that for health and safety reasons,participants who are pregnant,in a wheelchair or suffering from illnesses cannot take part.

Atypicalday

9:15　Arrival

9:30　Health and Safety Briefing

10:00　Apes and Monkeys

While cleaning out the enclosure (围场),you will find out about how enclosures are enriched with strange things and new smells to stimulate (刺激) the animals’ senses and imitate their natural environment.

12:00　Lunch

14:00　Big Cats

On the highlight of most volunteers’ day,you will feed the cats and learn about their nutritional needs.The keeper will give you an introduction of how cats’ behaviour can be read to get an idea of their welfare and health.

16:30　Meet the Team

Meet more of the staff and learn how you can get further connected with work at the park.Learn about our animal adoption plan,what it takes to be a good keeper and where to obtain the right qualifications for a career in animal welfare.

Bookingandcancellation

The Keeper Experience is available on Mondays,Wednesdays and Fridays throughout the year,and must be booked at least two weeks in advance.Full payment is needed when booking.

Cancellations must be made more than fourteen days before the event,or you won’t receive a full repayment.

21.What kind of people can experience working with animals in Kirby Wildlife Park?

A.A girl under the age of 18. 

B.A man who is over 18 and quite healthy.

C.A boy over 18 sitting in a wheelchair. 

D.A woman carrying a baby in her arms.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句对游客年龄、身体状况等方面的具体要求可知,年满18岁且身体健康的人才可参与此项活动。故选B项。

22.When can you know something about an animal adoption plan?

A.At 9:30.　　　　　　　B.At 10:00.

C.At 12:00. D.At 16:30.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据16:30　MeettheTeam部分中的Learnaboutouranimaladoptionplan可知,在这个时段可以了解动物收养计划。故选D项。

23.What is the requirement of a full repayment if a booking of the Keeper Experience is cancelled?

A.Anyone can cancel a booking throughout the year.

B.You can cancel a booking with a full refund at any time.

C.A booking must be cancelled over two weeks before the event.

D.The cancelling is available on Mondays,Wednesdays and Fridays.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据全文最后一句“Cancellationsmustbemademorethanfourteendaysbeforetheevent,oryouwon’treceiveafullrepayment.”可知,要想全额退款,取消订购的时间应该至少在活动的前两周。故选C项。

B

Leaf Rapids,the small town in northern Manitoba that was the first in Canada to ban plastic shopping bags,is now turning its attention to gas-powered vehicles.

Ed Charrier,the town’s leader,wants local people to drive electric cars around town to reduce greenhouse gases.“Why would you start your gas-powered vehicle for a two-second ride when you could jump in an electric car?” asked Charrier,who plans to buy his own electric car next spring.

While he doesn’t plan to ban gas-powered automobiles,he will promote energy-saving electric cars.The town of 600 people is only about three kilometres from end to end,with homes,shops,parks and a lake connected by a network of roads.

Charrier said they’re encouraging citizens to try electric cars that can travel about 70 kilometres before the batteries need recharging.

Hundreds of officials from towns and cities across North America have called to ask about Leaf Rapids’ historic by-law (地方法规) that banned plastic bags last April.The town was getting so many calls that it posted the by-law on its website.

“I never ever dreamt that it would be this big,” said Charrier.Tofino,another town in Canada,followed Leaf Rapids’ example and banned plastic bags.The Ontario Environment Ministry has asked people to reduce their plastic bag use by 50 percent over the next five years.

Leaf Rapids’ move also caused threats (威胁) of legal action from the CPIA (Canadian Plastics Industry Association).“It’s our opinion that Leaf Rapids’ actions are illegal,” Association spokeswoman Cathy Circo said.“But nothing has come of it,” Charrier added.

Circo noted that Leaf Rapids has only a half-dozen stores so its ban would be difficult to follow elsewhere.

The plastics industry supports voluntary reductions as well as reuse and recycling programmes,Circo said.

24.What does Ed Charrier think of driving electric cars?

A.Fast and convenient. 

B.Safe and fashionable.

C.Common and comfortable.

D.Eco-friendly and economical.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的toreducegreenhousegases和第三段第一句中的energy-savingelectriccars可知,EdCharrier认为驾驶电动汽车可以减少温室气体的排放量,也可以节约能源,所以是环保的和经济的。故选D项。

25.What do we know about Leaf Rapids’ historic by-law to ban plastic bags?

A.It attracted lots of attention.

B.It was questioned by its citizens.

C.It brought about many problems.

D.It caused legal action from the plastics industry.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第五、六段可知,数以百计的地方官员打电话询问该地方法规的情况,甚至有地方进行效仿,对此EdCharrier说“Inevereverdreamtthatitwouldbethisbig”,由此推知,该地方法规反响很大,引起了许多人的关注。故选A项。

26.What does Ed Charrier mean by saying “But nothing has come of it” in paragraph 7?

A.The CPIA hasn’t taken his town to court.

B.The CPIA hasn’t started any recycling programmes.

C.The CPIA has won no legal support from court.

D.The CPIA pays no attention to the protection of environment.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第七段可知,对于LeafRapids的做法,加拿大塑料制品产业协会只是发出了提起法律诉讼的威胁,其发言人CathyCirco在讲话中只是说:我们认为LeafRapids的行为是不合法的。他们只是对LeafRapids的做法表达了是否合法的疑问和不满,并没有采取实际的法律行动。故选A项。

27.What’s the main idea of the text?

A.A small town is banning plastic shopping bags.

B.A small town is planning to ban gas-powered vehicles.

C.A small town is taking measures to protect the environment.

D.A small town has become the biggest enemy of the plastics industry.

答案C

解析主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了加拿大北部小镇LeafRapids继禁止使用塑料袋后又推出一项保护环境的措施。故选C项。

C

The güiña is known as the little tiger cat,little spotted cat or Chilean cat.About half the size of the pet cat,it is one of the most threatened cat species in South America.The wildcat lives only in central and southern Chile and in a long narrow area of Argentina.According to the IUCN,there are only about 10,000 left in the wild.Its natural home is rainforest,but it has also been seen in pine or eucalyptus (桉树) plantations (种植园) or close to agricultural areas.

Research led by the University of Kent,UK,found that destruction of their living environments,and the subdivision (细分) of large farms into smaller ones,are the biggest dangers.

“This is because there is a higher risk of human activities and hunting in areas where there are more farms;a greater pressure on natural resources through increased cutting trees and livestock farming (畜牧业);and even competition for food from animals kept as pets,” said Dr Nicol?s G?lvez,who is now a lecturer at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

More than two-thirds of Chile’s rainforests have been lost over 25 years.However,through a series of questionnaires,camera-trap data and remote-sensed pictures the researchers found that the güiña is adaptable to forest loss in a surprisingly way.

They say large,intensive(集约的)agricultural areas are actually suitable for the güiña and should not be looked on as poor quality habitats.This is because there are many unfarmed areas that provide shelters,food resources and suitable conditions for taking care of young,they say.

Another threat is illegal killing by humans.The cat is thought little of in the countryside over fears that it will kill chickens.Questionnaires showed that 10% of farmers had killed a güiña in the last decade.

“This suggests that illegal killing is much less of a threat to their survival than the subdivision of farms,” said Prof Zoe Davies,from the Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE) at the University of Kent.

28.Which characteristic is unique to the güiñas?

A.They are as big as the pet cats. 

B.They live only in South America.

C.They are endangered wild animals. 

D.They prefer to living in the rainforests.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ThewildcatlivesonlyincentralandsouthernChileandinalongnarrowareaofArgentina.”并结合常识可推断出B项正确,因为智利和阿根廷都属于南美洲。

29.Why do people in the countryside have a custom of killing güiñas?

A.Because people want to take more land from güiñas.

B.Because güiñas are thought to bring bad luck to people.

C.Because güiñas are considered pests as they can steal chickens.

D.Because güiñas are looked on as evils as they can spread diseases.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第六段叙述可知,农村地区的人对山原猫持负面看法是因为这种猫经常捕食他们饲养的鸡。

30.What does the underlined word “habitats” in paragraph 5 refer to?

A.The suitable foods that an animal mainly lives on.

B.The obvious reasons why an animal is actually in danger.

C.The terrible factors that affect animals’ safety and health.

D.The natural environments where an animal normally lives.

答案D

解析词义猜测题。结合该词所在的句意可知,大型集约化的农田实际上是适合山原猫生活的,故此不能将其看作是劣质的栖息地,因为这里有许多未开垦的区域为山原猫提供庇护和食物,故habitat意为“栖息地”。

31.What conclusion does the research show about the güiñas?

A.They are able to survive near human settlements on agricultural lands.

B.Large agricultural lands are not suitable for the güiñas to survive in.

C.Güiñas prefer the agricultural lands to traditional rainforests.

D.Güiñas need to develop new skills to adapt to the change of climate.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第四、五段的叙述可知,山原猫已经很好地适应了其栖息地的变化,在人类居住地附近的农田里能生存下来。

D

We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s CE Primary School in Chester certainly agree.

Nine-year-old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take notes.“Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference,but if everyone does a little bit,it all adds up,” she tells HuffPost UK.“We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them,” she says.“Fish can eat the plastic and they can die,or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”

Mr Timms,Isobel’s teacher,has been leading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.The entire Hummingbirds class,which is made up of 9-and 10-year-old pupils,has been busy writing poems and creating online video advertisements to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.

Mr Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us.“We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children,” he says.“It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic,and to recycle more,and even stopping them using plastic straws.”

Mr Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class.“The message that they would like to send to the world is simple:stopping this isn’t someone else’s job,and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.”

32.What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?

A.They just pretend to be busy. 

B.They haven’t done their part well.

C.They can do nothing to stop pollution. 

D.They have started to care about the oceans.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容,尤其是第一句“Nine-year-oldIsobelKelleherfromtheschool’sHummingbirdsclassthinksadultsneedtotakenotes.”可知,学校“蜂鸟班”里9岁的伊泽贝尔认为成年人需要注意环保问题,由此可推知,成年人在环保问题上做得不够好。故选B项。

33.What is the purpose of the school project?

A.To help adults to learn more about their kids.

B.To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.

C.To teach students how to write poems creatively.

D.To remind adults to be friendly to the environment.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的towarnadultsabouttheserioussituationofouroceansandwildlife 可知,“蜂鸟班”的学生们一直忙着写诗和制作在线视频广告,提醒成年人海洋和野生动物所处的严峻处境,由此可知,该项目旨在提醒成年人要注意环保问题。故选D项。

34.Why does Mr Timms mention parents in paragraph 4?

A.To attract people to support his work. 

B.To have adults care about education.

C.To show the effects of the project. 

D.To prove kids are creative in teaching.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ithasbeenreallyhardtobelievehavingparentscomeinsayingthattheirchildrenhavebeenaskingthemtostopusingplastic,andtorecyclemore,andevenstoppingthemusingplasticstraws.”可知,真的很难相信有父母说孩子们要求他们停止使用塑料,并回收更多的塑料,甚至阻止他们使用塑料吸管,由此可推知,该段提及父母旨在说明该项目的影响。故选C项。

35.What is the best title for the text?

A.An Inspiring School Project 

B.An Appeal to Stop Plastic Bags

C.Serious Situations of Our Planet 

D.Adults’ Ignorance of the Environment

答案A

解析标题归纳题。第三段第一句“MrTimms,Isobel’steacher,hasbeenleadinganewprojectattheschoolwhichletschildrenloosecreativelytoraiseawarenessoftheneedtobemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.”为全文的主题句,结合全文内容可知,本文主要介绍了“蜂鸟班”积极响应一个环保教育项目,该班由9岁和10岁的孩子组成,他们通过写诗和制作在线视频广告,提醒成年人注意环保问题。故选A项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Stayhealthywhilegroceryshopping

Goattimesofthedaywhenit’slessbusy.

You might not be a morning person,but going to the grocery store bright and early when they’re just opening might be your best option.　36　The virus is mainly spread through close contact with other people.In addition,many stores sanitise(消毒) overnight,so the environment,in general,is less germy.Many stores are currently offering special morning hours where only senior citizens are allowed to shop.　37　 

Sanitiseyourshoppingcartorbasket.

Studies suggest that a virus can live on surfaces for up to a few days,so wipe down the handles of shopping carts or baskets with a sanitising wipe.Some stores provide wipes,but not all do.　38　Bringing extra wipes for opening freezer and refrigerator door handles and sanitising your hands throughout the shopping experience. 

　39　 

One of the easiest ways to spread the virus is by touching a contaminated(受污染的) surface and then touching your face,eyes,nose,or mouth.A study estimates that people touch their faces more than 20 times in a single hour.While a mask can help prevent you from touching your mouth and nose,they are recommended for the use of health care professionals only.

Stay1.5metresawayasyouwalkthroughtheaisles.

　40　“This may be as simple as avoiding a crowded aisle and circling back a few minutes later,” says Dr Larkin.Since other shoppers might not be as mindful as you are about maintaining social distance,be polite in your request that they keep their distance with a polite “excuse me”. 

A.This is a lot harder than it sounds.

B.Therefore,it’s best to bring your own.

C.Avoid touching your face while shopping.

D.There is a particular shortage of personal protective equipment.

E.Call ahead to find out if your regular grocery store is offering these.

F.By avoiding large groups of people,you decrease your risk of getting infected.

G.As much as possible,try to maintain a safe,1.5-metre distance from other shoppers.

答案36.F　37.E　38.B　39.C　40.G

第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分;满分15分)

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Scientists say that something very serious is happening to Earth.It will begin to get 　41　 in the following years.There will be major changes in 　42　 in the future.Coastal waters will have a higher 　43　.This will have a 　44　 impact on agriculture.In northern areas,the 　45　 season will be ten days longer by the year 2030.However,in warmer areas,it will be too dry.The amount of water could 　46　 by eighty percent.This would cause a large reduction in agriculture 　47　. 

World temperature could　48　 two degrees centigrade by the year 2050.However,the increase could be three times as 　49　 in the Arctic and Antarctic areas.This could cause the ice sheets to melt and raise the 　50　 of the oceans by one to two metres.Many coastal cities would be under 　51　. 

Why is this happening?There are too　52　 carbon dioxide in the air.When oil,gas and coal burn,they create large amounts of carbon dioxide.This carbon dioxide lets 　53　 enter Earth’s atmosphere and heat Earth.However,it doesn’t let as much heat 　54　 the atmosphere and enter space.It’s like a blanket.The heat from the sun can pass through the blanket to warm Earth.The heat 　55　 there and can’t escape through the blanket again.Scientists call this the greenhouse effect. 

41.A.warmer B.colder

C.better D.worse

答案A

解析根据下文可知,本文主要介绍的是气候变暖的现象。故选A项。

42.A.land B.air

C.climate D.weather

答案C

解析land“陆地”;air“空气”;climate“气候”;weather“天气”。未来气候将发生重大变化。

43.A.limit B.temperature

C.pressure D.speed

答案B

解析limit“限制”;temperature“温度”;pressure“压力”;speed“速度”。沿海水域的温度会更高。

44.A.good B.general

C.serious D.useful

答案C

解析根据该段最后一句causealargereductioninagriculture判断,气候变暖后对寒冷的北方有利但对南方不利,所以这种影响不能说是“好的”或“有用的”,而只能说是“严重的”。故选C项。

45.A.hunting B.fishing

C.playing D.growing

答案D

解析该句是说明气候变暖对北方的好处,所以应指“生长期”长了。故选D项。

46.A.increase B.decrease

C.adjust D.disappear

答案B

解析根据上句toodry判断,水量会减少。故选B项。

47.A.knowledge B.production

C.budget D.credit

答案B

解析knowledge“知识”;production“生产”;budget“预算”;credit“信用”。这将导致农业生产大幅度下降。

48.A.rise B.drop

C.change D.differ

答案A

解析本文讲述的是地球变暖,温度当然是“升高”,下一句的theincrease也是暗示。故选A项。

49.A.great B.sudden

C.steady D.natural

答案A

解析此处说明两极地区增幅还要大。故选A项。

50.A.degree B.level

C.coast D.area

答案B

解析冰块融化后抬高的应该是海平面。故选B项。

51.A.water  B.rain

C.stone  D.ice

答案A

解析此处表示海平面升高带来的后果,那就是许多沿海城市会被淹没。故选A项。

52.A.little B.many

C.few D.much

答案D

解析carbondioxide为气体,不可数,结合下句中的createlargeamountsofcarbondioxide判断,应选much表示大气中的二氧化碳含量太高。

53.A.sunlight B.cloud

C.garbage D.gas

答案A

解析根据下文heatEarth,Theheatfromthesun等判断,二氧化碳让“阳光”进入大气层。故选A项。

54.A.protect B.surround

C.leave D.reach

答案C

解析然而,它不会让太多的热量离开大气层进入太空。

55.A.leaks B.waits

C.erupts D.stays

答案D

解析根据下文can’tescapethroughtheblanket判断,热量不散发就会“待”在地球上。故选D项。

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The size of fish in the oceans is shrinking.A new report states fish may shrink by as much as a quarter in the coming decades,which mainly 56.　　　　　　　(result) from global warming.The research team conducted tests on the effect of 57.　　　　　　(rise) ocean temperatures on the size and number of over 600 species of fish.They concluded that most fish are likely to shrink by 14-24 percent by the year 2050.The biggest changes 58.　　　　　　　　　　(see) clearly in tropical regions.There is 59.　　　　　　(little) oxygen in warmer water so fish cannot grow normally and many fish will migrate to cooler waters. 

Lead researcher Professor William said:“We were surprised to see such a large decrease in fish size.Marine fish are generally known to respond to climate change 60. changing distribution and seasonality.But the unexpectedly big effect 61.　　　　　　 climate change could have on body size suggests that we may be missing a big piece of the puzzle of understanding climate change effects in the ocean.” He added that overfishing and pollution will 62.(worse) the problem.“Our work shows a very 63.　　　　　　(worry) future for the oceans,64. 　　　　　　　　 it is very important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop better fish management policies 65.　　　　　　　　(adapt) to these changes,” he said. 

答案56.results　57.rising　58.will be seen　59.less　60.through/by　61.that/which　62.worsen　63.worrying

64.so　65.to adapt

第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

假定你是李华,最近,你校将举办一个以Protecting the earth starts from us为主题的英语演讲活动。请根据下面要求写一篇英语演讲稿:

1.指出当前的环境问题;

2.发出倡议:节约能源、废物利用、绿色出行等;

3.结论。

注意:词数80左右。(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。)

Good morning,everyone!

My name is Li Hua.I’m happy to have this opportunity of giving a speech on environmental protection. _____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

That’s all.Thank you.

参考范文

Good morning,everyone! 

My name is Li Hua.I’m happy to have this opportunity of giving a speech on environmental protection. 

The threat to environment has increased in recent years,with the earth suffering from such problems as energy shortage,air pollution,etc.It is high time that we took actions to protect the earth.

Firstly,we can start with the right handling of waste.Not only should we know about garbage classification,but we should put it into practice.Besides,it is vital for us to switch off devices when not in use.What’s more,I recommend we use less of our personal vehicles and more of public transport and bicycles.

That’s all.Thank you. 

第二节(满分25分)

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。

When I came back home,my mother was having a conversation with my seven-year-old daughter Jane.They were talking about how to fight against climate change in the holidays.I interrupted,saying we could do it by eating leftovers(吃剩的食物) this holiday season.Mom and I both smiled.

I said,“You know Americans throw away 25 percent more trash between Thanksgiving and New Year’s Day,including things like plastic from old tech and gift wrap.Food waste,which accounts for 30 to 40 percent of year-round waste entering landfills (垃圾填埋场),also rises sharply during the holidays.During Thanksgiving week alone,Americans throw out roughly 200 million pounds of turkey meat,along with 30 million pounds of gravy (肉汁) and 14 million pounds of dinner rolls.”

Jane was puzzled at the figures of food waste but she was interested in the consequences.I told her,“When thrown-away food makes its way to landfills and rots,it produces methane,a kind of greenhouse gas.That’s not friendly.It can destroy the ecosystem,threatening the survival of animals,plants and humans on the planet.”

Jane was nervous and asked what we could do to help the earth.“One of the most powerful tools we have is just to directly decrease our own waste in our home,” my mom said.“It’s also really challenging because most of our waste is happening in different ways.But individual action can also play a huge role in dealing with food waste,particularly in the US.”

I remember that in my family,there are two traditions when it comes to holiday meals:there must be more food on the table than everyone can eat,and everyone must take home a plate of food at the end of the meal to make sure all the hard work that went into its preparation wasn’t wasted.

Janeasked,“Whypreparesomuchfoodforaholiday?” ______________________________

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Janeanswered“Sure”andhopedtohelpGrandmothertopreparefordinners. ___________

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参考范文

Janeasked,“Whypreparesomuchfoodforaholiday?” My mom smiled saying it was to make sure there was enough for everyone,not just to enjoy the meal but to enjoy leftovers for as long as they wanted.I explained that not everyone had realised the importance of food and the bad effect of food waste.Eating leftovers could help us reduce food waste and that planning would go a long way.I asked my daughter whether she would spend a holiday without wasting food to fight against climate change.

Janeanswered“Sure”andhopedtohelpGrandmothertopreparefordinners. My mom and I both smiled again.We worked out how many people would attend the party and how much food would be bought.Jane was happy to take part in the activities.I hope my mom’s method will help her realise the duty to do something for our earth.It’s a small step,but if many other people take similar action,it’ll give the planet a breather at a time when that’s badly needed.