高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course复习练习题

第四单元过关检测(A卷)

第一部分　听力

第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Have you ever been into a cave?If not,please follow us and explore some of the most beautiful caves from around the world!

MarbleCaves

Located in the centre of Lake General Carrera,the Marble Caves in Chico,Chile,are only accessible by boat.The surrounding crystal clear waters allow visitors to see the rock formations beneath them while the rock ceilings above change colour(depending on the writer levels and the season).The best time to visit:during sunrise and sunset,when the sun’s rays light up the cave walls,making it an experience to remember.

ReedFluteCave

Reed Flute Cave known as “the Palace of Natural Arts” is located in the northwest of Guilin in southern China.The limestone cave offers a grand fairyland of stalactites(钟乳石),stone pillars,stone curtains,birds,plants and animals in fantastic shapes and colours.

Fingal’sCave

This incredible sea cave is located on the uninhabited island of Staffa in Scotland.The cave’s size,shape,and roof combine with the waves to create strange sounds that enhance its unique atmosphere.

TheBlueGrotto

The Blue Grotto is the symbol of Capri.It is a sea cave found on the coast of the island and is a well-known spot to all who visit the area.This cave is unique for its brilliant blue light which comes from two sources:the entrance to the cave and a bigger hole beneath the entrance.When viewed from inside the cave,the entrance appears as a brilliant white light just above the waterline,while the underwater hole,which is the larger source of light,provides a blue light.

21.Why is sunset the best time to visit Marble Caves?

A.Because it has enough light in it. 

B.Because it has the most beautiful scenery.

C.Because it is surrounded by clear waters. 

D.Because boats are only available at sunset.

答案A

解析细节理解题。由MarbleCaves中的“Thebesttimetovisit:duringsunriseandsunset,whenthesun’srayslightupthecavewalls,makingitanexperiencetoremember.”可知,游览的最佳时间:日出和日落时,太阳的光线照亮洞穴的墙壁,使之成为一种值得记忆的体验。所以日落是参观MarbleCaves的最佳时间是因为那个时候,洞里面有足够的光。故A项正确。

22.Which cave will you go to if you want to enjoy the strange sounds?

A.Reed Flute Cave.　　　　B.Marble Caves.

C.The Blue Grotto. D.Fingal’s Cave.

答案D

解析细节理解题。由Fingal’sCave中的“Thecave’ssize,shape,androofcombinewiththewavestocreatestrangesoundsthatenhanceitsuniqueatmosphere.”可知,这个洞穴的大小、形状和屋顶与波浪相结合,创造出奇怪的声音,增强了其独特的气氛。所以如果你喜欢奇怪的声音,你可以去Fingal’sCave。故D项正确。

23.What is special about the Blue Grotto?

A.Clear waters. 

B.Various birds and animals.

C.Bright blue light. 

D.Strange shapes.

答案C

解析细节理解题。由TheBlueGrotto中的“Thiscaveisuniqueforitsbrilliantbluelightwhichcomesfromtwosources:theentrancetothecaveandabiggerholebeneaththeentrance.”可知,这个洞穴是独一无二的,因为它明亮的蓝光来自两个源头:洞穴的入口和入口下面的一个更大的洞。所以theBlueGrotto的特别之处在于它的明亮的蓝色光。故C项正确。

B

More than 100,and possibly hundreds of Antarctic icebergs are floating towards New Zealand in a rare event which has prompted a shipping warning,officials said on Monday.

An Australian Antarctic Division glaciologist said that the ice chunks(块),spotted by satellite photography,had passed the Auckland Islands and were heading towards the main South Island,about 450 kilometres southeast of it.

 Scientist Neal Young said more than 100 icebergs,some measuring more than 200 metres across,were seen in just one cluster(串),indicating there could be hundreds more.He said they were the remains of a massive iceberg which split from the Antarctic as sea and air temperatures rise due to global warming.“All of these have come from a larger one that was probably 30 square kilometres in size when it left Antarctica,”Young told the reporter.“It’s done a long circuit around Antarctica and now the bigger parts of it are breaking up and producing smaller ones.”

He said large numbers of icebergs had not floated this close to New Zealand since 2006,when a number came within 25 kilometres of the coastline—the first such sighting since 1931.“They’re following the same tracks now up towards New Zealand.Whether they make it up to the South Island or not is difficult to tell,”Young said.

Maritime New Zealand spokesman Ross Henderson said that New Zealand has already issued coastal navigation warnings for the area in the Southern Ocean where the icebergs have been seen.

The icebergs are smaller parts of the giant chunks seen off Australia’s Macquarie Island this month,including one estimated at two kilometres and another twice the size of Beijing’s “Bird’s Nest” Olympic Stadium.

Young earlier said he expected to see more icebergs in the area if Earth’s temperature continues to increase.“If the current trends in global warming were to continue I would anticipate(预见) seeing more icebergs and the large ice shelves breaking up,”he said.

24.We can infer that Auckland Islands are 　　　. 

A.to the east of the South Island 

B.to the south of the South Island

C.to the north of the South Island 

D.to the west of the South Island

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第一、二段知道这些冰山是从南极漂来的,南极在新西兰的南方,它们已经漂过了奥克兰群岛,朝南岛漂浮,由此推断出奥克兰群岛在南岛的南方。

25.According to Scientist Neal Young 　　　. 

A.these icebergs came from different areas in Antarctic

B.these icebergs will completely be melted in a short time

C.the biggest of the icebergs is 30 square kilometres in size

D.the icebergs or ice chunks are breaking up all the way

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’sdonealongcircuitaroundAntarcticaandnowthebiggerpartsofitarebreakingupandproducingsmallerones.”可知,冰山后来沿途不断破裂,变成更小的冰山。

26.From the text we learn that 　　　. 

A.floating icebergs once reached the South Island in history

B.icebergs were over 25 kilometres from the South Island in 2006

C.these icebergs are floating along almost the same course

D.floating icebergs were closest from the South Island in 1930

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They’refollowingthesametracksnowuptowardsNewZealand.”确定答案为C项。其余选项与原文不符。

27.How does the government deal with the matter?

A.Making good use of the icebergs.

B.Sending out safe sailing warnings.

C.Warning people to protect the environment.

D.Noticing the icebergs by satellite photography.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“NewZealandhasalreadyissuedcoastalnavigationwarningsfortheareaintheSouthernOcean”可知,新西兰政府发布了在该地区的航海警报,以确保船只安全。

C

Before planes,people travelled by boat.And getting goods from one place to another took a long time,especially when ships had to sail around continents.In the early 1600s,European trading companies were looking for faster routes to sail to Asia.

In 1607 and 1608,British explorer Henry Hudson led two failed voyages to find a northeast passage across the Arctic Ocean to Asia.He was searching for a route above the Arctic Circle,and his biggest problem was navigating around icebergs,which blocked his path.After failing twice,Hudson couldn’t get a British company to fund his next voyage.He had to persuade the Dutch East India Company to back his third trip.

Hudson left Amsterdam on April 4,1609 aboard a ship named the Half Moon.The crew headed southwest across the Atlantic Ocean to America.After several months,he arrived in the New York Harbour and sailed up a body of water that is now named the Hudson River.He thought the river might lead to the Pacific Ocean.But he was wrong,and he was forced to turn back to Europe.

Hudson made one final attempt in 1610,on a new ship named Discovery.He sailed Discovery across the northern Atlantic.He discovered a large body of water that became known as Hudson Bay.Unfortunately,the Hudson Bay did not lead to Asia.Furthermore,Hudson’s luck had run out.Winter weather hit the region and the crew suffered greatly from lack of food and supplies.Discovery had become trapped in thick ice.Hudson’s crew became angry.They wanted to return to Europe,but Hudson wanted to continue searching for a passage to Asia.When spring came,the crew revolted(反叛) and took control of the ship.They put Hudson, his son, and seven others on a small boat somewhere in the Hudson Bay.The crew sailed Discovery back to Europe and those who led the mutiny(暴动) were severely punished.Henry Hudson was never seen again.

28.What does the underlined word “back” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Arrange.　 B.Follow.　 

C.Support. D.Value.

答案C

解析词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的Hudsoncouldn’tgetaBritishcompanytofundhisnextvoyage可推测back 在句中与fund意思接近,意为“资助”。故选C项。

29.Which ship was Hudson sailing when he discovered the Hudson River?

A.The Half Moon. B.Discovery.

C.Atlantic. D.New York Harbour.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的aboardashipnamedtheHalfMoon和第三句中的thatisnownamedtheHudsonRiver可知答案。

30.What can be learnt from the text?

A.All the crew were against Hudson during his final voyage.

B.Hudson made voyages in four years in a row.

C.Hudson gave up searching for a passage to Asia at last.

D.The Hudson River was discovered during Hudson’s second voyage.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的In1607and1608,BritishexplorerHenryHudsonledtwofailedvoyages,第三段中的HudsonleftAmsterdamonApril4,1609aboardaship和第四段中的Hudsonmadeonefinalattemptin1610可知,Hudson 在1607~1610年间进行了航行。

31.What was the purpose of Hudson’s voyages?

A.To look for new land. 

B.To seek fame and fortune.

C.To make scientific research. 

D.To find a shorter route to Asia.

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的lookingforfasterroutestosailtoAsia和第二段第一句中的tofindanortheastpassageacrosstheArcticOceantoAsia可知,Hudson 航海的目的是为了找到一条通往亚洲的更便捷的航线。

D

I like challenges,but this one was almost too difficult.I had begged Mum to take me on a completely new adventure for my sixteenth birthday.Now,here we were,just Mum and me with our guide,Milo,standing on the shore of Lake Arenal in Costa Rica.Towering above the lake was Arenal Volcano,one of the active volcanoes in the area.I watched as the volcano spit out lava and coughed up big rocks.Luckily,we were headed in the other direction.

Milo helped us mount our horses.Getting on the back of my horse was difficult,but controlling it was a little easier.We started on our ride.The guidebook said we would cross three rivers.As we splashed through(溅着水花走过) a gentle stream,I asked hopefully,“Is this the first river?”

“I don’t think so,Katie,”Mum said.

Soon enough,we came to a real river.There was no mistaking it.I felt sick to my stomach when I saw that the far shore was half a football field away!The four-foot-deep river flowed over large boulders(巨石).So much for dry shoes—or jeans.

After two more rivers,the path got steeper and muddier.With each step of the horses’ hooves(蹄),there were loud sucking sounds.The rainforest was splendid and absolutely beautiful.But I wondered whether my horse could keep its balance in knee-high mud.What did I know about horses?I imagined my horse moving unsteadily on rocks hidden beneath the mud—and us crashing over a cliff(峭壁) and being swept away by lava.

Three terrifying hours later,we came to a corral(畜栏).I wondered whether we were stopping.To one side was a wonderful view of the lake and the volcano,and to the other,a brightly painted restaurant.“Okay,”I laughed nervously.“That was terrifying,but I’m so glad we did it!”

32.Why did the author ask to be taken on an adventure?

A.To celebrate his birthday. 

B.To get close to nature.

C.To take up a challenge. 

D.To explore the volcano.

答案C

解析推理判断题。由第一段第一、二句可知,当时是喜欢挑战的作者请求妈妈在她十六岁生日时带她进行一次全新的冒险之旅,其目的当然是为了给自己一次新的挑战。

33.What does the underlined word “mount” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Slow down. B.Handle.

C.Get on. D.Lead.

答案C

解析词义猜测题。由第一段最后一句可知,作者当时需要做的是上马和控制马。两者相比较,上马更难。由此推断mount的意思接近geton 或climbonto。

34.Why did the author feel sick to her stomach during her journey?

A.The horse always lost its balance. 

B.The path became steeper and muddier.

C.She found it difficult to reach the far shore. 

D.There was more than one river to walk across.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“IfeltsicktomystomachwhenIsawthatthefarshorewashalfafootballfieldaway!Thefour-foot-deepriverflowedoverlargeboulders.Somuchfordryshoes—orjeans.”可知答案为C项。

35.How did the author feel about the journey?

A.It was terrifying and unpleasant. 

B.It was dangerous but worthwhile.

C.It was entertaining and relaxing. 

D.It was peaceful but exhausting.

答案B

解析推理判断题。由全文最后一句话可知作者认为此次冒险之旅虽然恐怖,但是让她很开心,由此推断作者认为这次旅行是危险但有意义的。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

ExploringtheNorthPole

People have always had the desire to explore new places.Explorers throughout history have been motivated by the prospect of fame and fortune.　36　.The first North Pole explorers were in search of the Northwest Passage,a way through the Arctic that would make trade easier for the country that discovered it.　37　,the world started seeing the Arctic as a frozen treasure chest.In fact,a U.S.Geological Survey guesses that nearly 25 percent of the world’s undiscovered oil and gas are buried in the Arctic,which is a big reason for the disagreements among the countries that are claiming the region for themselves. 

There were occasional North Pole expeditions in the 18th century.In 1755,the British Parliament offered a reward to the first ship to go to the Pole.　38　.In 1908,American Frederick Albert Cook became the first person to claim to have reached the North Pole.But his countryman Robert Edwin Peary disputed the claim.Peary claimed that (with a team of 24 men,19 sledges and 133 sledge dogs) he made the first visit to the North Pole on April 6,1909.　39　.The doubt rests mostly on the length of Peary’s trip:37 days.　40　.However,in April,2005,explorer Tom Avery recreated Peary’s sled expedition with the same materials and supplies,and beat Peary’s time by five hours.Some still doubt whether Peary actually made it to the North Pole,but he’s now generally referred to be the first. 

A.The North Pole isn’t the coldest place on Earth

B.Most expeditions of the era took months

C.But there’s still some argument attached to the claim

D.However,it was until the early 1900s that things really got going

E.When these explorers came back with tales of diamonds and coal near the Pole

F.North Pole exploration is no exception

G.There continue to be many North Pole “firsts”

答案36.F　37.E　38.D　39.C　40.B

第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

LearningtoAcceptDefeat

Defeat can be a lot of things.Learning to accept defeat is a bitter pill to 　41　 but the patience you store is so 　42　. 

A few months out of college,I was 　43　 the job site indeed in the hope of finding my first job.I just needed to have financial stability away from my parents,and 　44　 to them two degrees were worth the extra fees. 

Out of the 34 jobs I 　45　,only four called me back for an interview.I was so excited to finally be given a(n) 　46　to show my worth and importance.I would say the interviews went 　47　.I hit every question with a solid answer,and even made the 　48　 laugh a little.I was sure I’d get four calls back.They said they would 　49　 me of their decision after Thursday.Friday came,and I still had no calls,no emails. 

After getting in contact with all the places,they broke the news to me of how other people were more 　50　 or I wasn’t what they were looking for.I was shocked and 　51　.I thought I had it all,until the door decided to slam(猛然关闭) in my face four times. 

But my parents 　52　 me to keep trying and not to give up.I 　53　 myself back up and decided to look for jobs again.Eventually,one 　54　 well and I got my first job after what felt like a lifetime. 

Forget about all the negatives,and focus on what the positives could be.You never know what the right door is 　55　 you keep knocking. 

41.A.swallow B.taste

C.absorb D.digest

答案A

解析学会接受失败是一颗难以下咽的苦药,但你所储存的耐心是值得的。根据abitterpill可以推测,苦涩的药片是需要吞服的。故选A项。

42.A.precious B.rewarding 

C.admirable D.understandable

答案B

解析根据“butthepatienceyoustore”推知,即使药片是苦涩的,但是储存的耐心是值得的。故选B项。

43.A.looking through  B.seeing through 

C.building up D.taking up

答案A

解析大学毕业几个月后,我开始浏览求职网站,希望找到我的第一份工作。根据“inthehopeoffindingmyfirstjob”推测,此处表示浏览求职网站。故选A项。

44.A.announce B.prove

C.convey D.appeal

答案B

解析根据“twodegreeswereworththeextrafees”推测,此处作者想要向父母证明两个学位的价值。故选B项。

45.A.attended to B.referred to

C.cared for D.applied for

答案D

解析在我申请的34份工作中,只有4份给我回电话同意面试。结合上文语境可知,作者在找工作,此处表示在申请的34份工作中。故选D项。

46.A.chance B.challenge

C.award D.task

答案A

解析我很兴奋,终于有机会展示我的价值和重要性了。根据“onlyfourcalledmebackforaninterview”推知,作者对于得到面试的机会感到很兴奋。故选A项。

47.A.toughly B.roughly

C.flexibly D.swimmingly

答案D

解析我想说面试进行得很顺利。根据下一句“Ihiteveryquestionwithasolidanswer...”推测,作者的面试应该是顺利的。故选D项。

48.A.employees B.interviewers

C.instructors D.assistants

答案B

解析我对每一个问题都给出了可靠的答案,甚至让面试官们都笑了起来。根据上文“theinterviews”推测,此处表示作者让面试官们笑了起来。故选B项。

49.A.inform B.remind

C.warn D.convince

答案A

解析他们说他们星期四以后会通知我他们的决定。根据下文“Fridaycame,andIstillhadnocalls,noemails.”可知,面试官们告知作者等他们的通知。故选A项。

50.A.tolerant B.realistic

C.energetic D.suitable

答案D

解析在与所有的地方取得联系后,他们告诉我其他人是如何更合适,或者我不是他们想要的。根据“orIwasn’twhattheywerelookingfor”推知,作者被拒绝的理由应为其他人比他更合适。故选D项。

51.A.ashamed B.anxious

C.confused D.embarrassed

答案C

解析我既震惊又困惑。我以为我拥有了一切,直到那扇门在我面前猛然关闭了四次。结合“shocked”及“IthoughtIhaditall”可知,作者原本胸有成竹,直到公司都拒绝了他,此处应该是震惊而困惑的。故选C项。

52.A.ordered B.encouraged

C.forced D.allowed

答案B

解析但是我的父母鼓励我继续尝试,不要放弃。根据“But”及“nottogiveup”推知,父母鼓励作者继续尝试。故选B项。

53.A.took B.put

C.picked D.brought

答案C

解析我重新振作起来,决定再去找工作。根据“decidedtolookforjobsagain”可知,作者重整旗鼓,决定继续尝试。故选C项。

54.A.kept on B.ended up

C.worked out D.settled down

答案C

解析最终,在好像经历了一生之后,我顺利地得到了我的第一份工作。根据“Igotmyfirstjob”可知,此处表示作者成功找到了人生的第一份工作。故选C项。

55.A.before B.if

C.when D.unless

答案D

解析除非你一直敲门,否则你永远不知道哪一扇是正确的门。此处表示条件关系。故选D项。

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When we’re young,we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like.Since I was very young,I have dreamed of working for the United Nations in some of the most troubled 56.　　　　　　(country) in the world.And thanks to a lot of courage,that dream finally came true. 

But here’s the thing about courage:It doesn’t just appear whenever we need it.It’s the result of tough 57. 　　　　　　(consider) and real work,involving the balance 58.　　　　　　 fear and bravery.Without fear,we’ll do foolish things.And without courage,we’ll never step into 59.　　　　　　 unknown.The balance of the two is where the magic lies,and it’s a balance we all deal with every day... 

I 60.　　　　　　　　(diagnose) with a disease called HIBM three years ago,which affects all my muscles from head to toe.It was frightening news,because I had no idea how the disease might progress.But what was 61.　　　　　　(extreme) disheartening was listening to other people advise me 62.　　　　　　(limit) my ambitions and dreams.So,I ignored them and continued to pursue my dream of working all over the world. 

Life is already 63.　　　　　　(scare),so to make our dreams come true,we need to be brave.In facing my fears and 64.　　　　　　(find) the courage to push through them,I swear my life has been extraordinary.So live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear.You never know 65.　　　　　　 it might lead you in the life journey. 

答案56.countries　57.consideration/considerations

58.between　59.the　60.was diagnosed　61.extremely　62.to limit　63.scary　64.finding　65.where

第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Lucy在当地的一所孔子学院(Confucius Institute)学习,你刚获悉她在学院举办的中文诗歌(poetry)比赛中荣获一等奖。请你用英语给她写一封电子邮件表示祝贺,并希望她有机会来中国深造。

注意:

1.词数80左右;

2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

参考范文

Dear Lucy,

I’m pleased to learn you’ve just won first prize in the Chinese poetry competition held in your institute.I’m writing to offer my sincere congratulations to you.It came as no surprise to me because I know you love Chinese culture,especially Chinese poetry,and you’ve been studying in a local Confucius Institute for years.I’m so proud to see all your efforts have paid off.I hope you can have a chance to come to China for further study in the near future and have a better understanding of my country.

Wish you greater progress in the study of Chinese poetry.

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节(满分25分)

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。

AdventuresThroughtheGorge

We put the raft in the calm,cold water.I looked down.The water was like a mirror.It was a foggy morning,so I could barely make out what was down the river.When we took our places in the raft,I was in the back with my dad right across from me.Our tour guide was telling us the basics of rafting,and it seemed she was patronising us!I was terrified.Since I was in the back,I was sure I would be the one to fall out.But I have always been an optimist,so I thought it would turn out okay.

Then I looked up and saw a big,gray cloud.I looked down at the river,and it started to get louder and closer to us;soon raindrops pelted us.Once we moved out of the rain,the clouds faded away,and the sun was shining down on us for the rest of the day.As I looked around,I saw the monstrous,green trees standing over me.It was beautiful.

As we moved farther down the river,I heard the water flowing gracefully.When we moved deeper into the gorge,it got louder and louder.This was our first rapids.It seemed that we were approaching the rapids slowly,but we were at the top of the rapids in the blink of an eye.It felt like time frozen.I was so excited and nervous;I thought I was going to die.It was a bumpy ride down.Getting splashed with water,we raced up and down the rocks.There was not a patch of dry skin on us by the time we hit the bottom.

After we got through the rapids,I was so excited!Going down made me feel I could do anything.Our tour guide told us we were going to approach Category Ⅴ rapids.It was more intense than the Category Ⅰ rapids,and I got a little more nervous.It took us a little while to get to the rapids because we had to go down a long river.We were allowed to jump off the raft and swim down the river until we had to get back in.

Aboutthreeminuteslater,theCategoryⅤwascoming. ______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Afterracingdownalloftherapids,Iwasnolongerscared. ___________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

参考范文

Aboutthreeminuteslater,theCategoryⅤwascoming.The raft raced down the rapids.Water was splashing on the rocks,letting out louder noise.Screaming all the way down,I saw white water all over.I was so nervous because there were five big solitary rocks sticking out.If a little careless,we might hit one and get turned upside down.In the blink of an eye,we turned around the last huge rock,entering a small calm ride.When we settled at the bottom,I wanted to go back up and do it all again.

Afterracingdownalloftherapids,Iwasnolongerscared.“What did you think about that Category Ⅴ rapids?” my dad asked.“I was super nervous at first.But when we hit the bottom,I wanted to do it once more.”“Would you say you become more confident of yourself?” he continued.“Yes,I would say I become much more confident of myself.” I smiled.We walked towards our campsite.