人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 First Aid巩固练习

Unit 5 First Aid Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking

 [基础训练]

Ⅰ　单词拼写

1．May I have a          (宣传单) for performances?

答案：leaflet

2．The          (受害者) suffered a dreadful injury and lost a lot of blood.

答案：victim

3．(·天津高考)I don't have to write down what happened or what          (技艺) the author was using when he or she wrote this.

答案：technique

4．A rabbit eating many such plants may absorb the          (毒素) in all the plants.

答案：toxin

5．The          (酸) has burnt a hole in my jacket.

答案：acid

6．Everything was covered with a thin          (层) of dust.

答案：layer

7．The strike of the window caused a          (轻微的) injury to his right hand.

答案：minor

8．I saw him take a tiny pill about 20          (毫米) long.

答案：millimetres

9．The largest o         in the body is the liver.

答案：organ

10．The windows were shining in the reflected r         of the setting sun.

答案：rays

Ⅱ　单句语法填空

1．That boy was rescued from a          (burn) house.

答案：burning

2．Her eyes were red and          (swell) from crying.

答案：swollen

3．His voice was low and          (urgently).

答案：urgent

4．There's an          (electricity) heater in the bedroom.

答案：electric

5．(·江苏高考)We feel at          (easy) in our school uniforms every day.

答案：ease

6．A page of the book came          (loosen) and floated onto the floor.

答案：loose

7．A trained dog can act          a guide to a blind person.

答案：as

8．The satellite will study energy          (radiate) from stars. 

答案：radiation

9．He is thinking of          (give) up looking for help.

答案：giving

10．Depending          the individual, one of the two effects will work.

答案：on

Ⅲ　单句写作

1．我被这根电线电击了一下。

I got                      from the wire.

答案：an electric shock

2．这些盲人非常相信他们自己的触觉。

The blind men trusted their own                  very much.

答案：sense of touch

3．鲍勃看了看椅子的下面，查看它的实际构造。

Bob checked the actual construction of the chair by                 .

答案：looking underneath

4．迫切需要引进技术和设备。

                         to import advanced technology and equipment.

答案：There's an urgent need

5．德拉不得不靠卖古董维持生计。

Della had to earn a living by                 .

答案：selling antiques

[思维训练]

阅读

A

Australian researchers have studied records of 105 plane crashes and interviews with more than 2,000 survivors of traffic accidents, and outlined the following self－help tips.

First, sit with your family but escape separately. About 50 percent of passengers travel with at least one companion. If you are traveling with your family, try not to sit separately because in an emergency, families who are separated will try to reunite before they escape, thus missing the best time to escape. However, it is best to escape separately because it will improve your chances of survival.

Second, have your seat belts securely fastened. The shoulder belt should be worn closely against the body, over the shoulder, across the chest, and never under the arms. It should not be too close to your shoulder joint， which may cause the belt easily to slip off. It is best to wear the belt two fingers away from your shoulder joint. The lap belt should be firm against the body and low across the hips in order to prevent collision forces from hurting your viscera. Make sure both belts are fastened closely against the body.

Third, find the nearest exit on board. A study found that the average distance a survivor will take in an escape is seven seat rows, so choose a passage seat within this range. If not available, count exactly how many rows you are from the nearest exit in advance， so that you can find your exit in the dark or in smoke.

Fourth, sit backwards on trains. Seats on military aircrafts normally face backwards so that soldiers are less likely to be bumped and injured in the head in the event of a crash. The same theory applies to trains.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何在意外交通事故中自救提出了四条建议。

1．While traveling, in the event of emergency, you'd better         .

A．reunite with your family first

B．sit separately

C．escape with your family together

D．escape separately

答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，旅行中要和家人坐在一起，但遇到紧急情况时，要单独逃脱。故选D。

2．Which of the following is right in terms of fastening seat belts?

A．The shoulder belt should never be under the arms.

B．The shoulder belt should be close to the shoulder joint.

C．The lap belt should be low across the waist.

D．All belts are fastened closely against the body.

答案：A　推理判断题。第三段给出了正确系安全带的建议：跨肩式安全带不能放在胳膊下面，A项正确；不要太靠近肩关节，B项错误；腰带式安全带最好系在臀部(hips)，C项错误；这两种安全带最好紧贴身体系好，但是不能推理全部安全带如此系法，排除D项。

3．The best title for the passage is probably “        ”．

A．Self－help tips for passengers

B．Safety instructions while driving

C．Where to sit on board

D．Fastening your seat belts

答案：A　标题判断题。本文就如何在意外交通事故中自救给旅客提出了四条建议。故A项适合作为本文标题。

1．securely adv. 安心地 2.joint n. 接头；接合处

3．fasten v. (使两部分)系牢，扎牢，结牢，扣紧

1．slip off 滑落 2.in advance 提前

3．apply to 适用于

B

Sunstroke is a condition that can quickly go from dangerous to deadly, especially if proper care isn't given immediately.

Sunstroke, sometimes called heatstroke, is a result of the body temperature rising above the safe limit. This causes the body's necessary functions to stop working.

It's usually pretty easy to avoid sunstroke, as long as proper action is taken. In that case, you need to act as quickly as possible to return that person's body to a safe temperature. Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.

Call for help

Call to get an ambulance as quickly as possible.This should be the first thing you do, especially if the sunstroke person has fainted. Also, call for help from anyone nearby if you're in a public place. If there's no one around, call someone nearby if they can get there sooner than an ambulance. Ask everyone to bring you as much water as possible, if there isn't much nearby.

Get the person to a cooler area

If there's a building nearby, aim for that. Anywhere with plenty of air conditioners and water is perfect. If a building isn't available, bring the person to a well－shaded area.

Get the water flowing

If the person is still conscious， get him or her to drink water. If there's a bathtub available, fill it with cool water and put the person in it.

If your water supply is limited, you have to save it. Dampen a towel or shirt and put it on the person's body. Focus on the face, neck, and chest.

Fan the person

Getting moving air over the person cools him or her down. Use anything, a towel or sheet, a shirt, your hands, or a piece of board. This is where having many people around really helps, as they can combine to fan the entire body.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了中暑的危害，并详细介绍了中暑后的一些急救措施。

4．When does a person get sunstroke?

A．When the body doesn't function.

B．When proper care is given immediately.

C．When someone is exposed to the sun too long.

D．When the body temperature goes up beyond what one can bear.

答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，当人体的体温超过人所能承受的安全极限时，人就会中暑。故选D。

5．What is mainly discussed in the passage?

A．The first aid for sunstroke.

B．The cause of sunstroke.

C．The chief symptoms of sunstroke.

D．The essential prevention of sunstroke.

答案：A　主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了何为中暑以及中暑的危害，结合第三段最后一句“Here are a few tips to help treat sunstroke.”可知，下文讲述的是中暑时需要采取的急救措施，也是本文的主旨所在。故选A。

6．The text probably comes from         .

A．a guide book  B．a book review

C．a medical magazine  D．an official document

答案：C　推理判断题。文章主要介绍了中暑的危害以及中暑后如何急救的相关知识，故有可能选自一本医学杂志。故选C。

1．sunstroke n. 中暑 　2.faint v. 昏迷

3．conscious adj. 神志清醒的 　4.dampen v. 弄湿

1．safe limit 安全极限

2．as quickly as possible 尽快