2023年四川省绵阳市中考一模英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023年四川省绵阳市中考一模英语试题（含解析），共17页。试卷主要包含了阅读单选，完形填空，语法填空，阅读填表，电子邮件等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2023年四川省绵阳市中考一模英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读单选
History is full of heroes, who have made an enormous impact (影响) on the world.
Full Rizer Red (《满江红》), one of the hit movies in 2023, reminded me of Yue Fei, our national hero. He led the army to fight bravely against Jin, not to yield (屈服) to the traitor (叛徒) Qin Hui. Yue Fei, according to China’s history, is a real hero. His story has been passed down through the ages, beginning with his life in the Southern Song Dynasty.
There are heroes in every time period. Heroes are people who do something brave, unusual, or important. Heroes are men and women who take risks. In the face of natural disasters, there are also many retrograde (逆行的) heroes. They make a positive (积极的) difference in the world.
Some heroes lived long ago. George Washington was the first president of the United States. Some heroes did great things recently. Sally Ride was an astronaut and an educator, and the first American woman to go into space.
Some of the greatest heroes did not just do remarkable things that made them famous. In their everyday lives, they behaved in ways that made people admire their character. Character is a group of qualities that make up who a person is. Heroes are often people with great character.
Many people with great character are honest. Honest people tell the truth, even when it is hard to do it. Someone with great character may also be compassionate. A compassionate person cares about others and works to help them.
A person with great character may also be responsible. Responsible people do things they promise to do. Other people can depend on them.
Heroes build from their great character to deliver great action. Do you have a hero?
1．What kind of difference do heroes make in the world?
A．A small difference. B．A negative (消极的) difference.
C．A positive difference. D．A cruel difference.
2．What does the underlined word “admire” mean in this article?
A．Look after. B．Look for. C．Look forward to. D．Look up to.
3．What can be concluded from Paragraph 3 about doing something brave?
A．Women are more likely to do something brave than men are.
B．Doing something brave makes a difference in the world.
C．Doing something brave is the same thing as doing something unusual.
D．What a hero does is taking risks.
4．From this article, what is the very quality that people admire in others?
A．Honesty. B．Beauty. C．Shyness. D．Humor.
5．What is the main idea of this article?
A．Heroes are people who make a positive difference in the world through their actions.
B．Sally Ride was an astronaut, an educator, and the first American woman to go into space.
C．Honesty, compassion, and responsibility are some of the qualities that can make up a person’s character.
D．Yue Fei remains one of the most heroic figures in Chinese history.

Extreme high temperatures can be macabre. They may hurt or even kill people. As summer arrives, how can we stay safe in very hot weather? Doctors give us some advice on that.
First, be prepared.
• Do not use a fan as your main cooling device (设备). It creates airflow (气流) and might keep you comfortable, but it does not reduce your body temperature.
• Stay in the air conditioning. If you are outside, search for cool places in the community you can go, such as libraries, malls or cooling centers.
During extreme heat, remember:
• Drink plenty of water even if you don’t feel thirsty.
• You should reduce outdoor activities as much as possible, but if you do go out, wear loose and light-colored clothing.
• A cool shower or bath can help you cool down.
• Watch for the signs of heat stroke (中暑). These can include red, hot and dry skin with no sweat. Also look for a rapid, strong pulse and dizziness (头晕).
What should you do if you see signs of heat stroke? Here’s some advice.
• If you see any of these signs in anyone, you may be dealing with a life-threatening emergency — you should get medical attention as soon as possible, such as dial 120. While waiting for the doctors try to cool the person down.
• Get the person out of the sun.
• Lower his/her body temperature by putting him/her in a shower with cool water. You can also wrap (包裹) the person in a wet sheet (床单).
6．The underlined word “macabre” might have the same meaning as “________”.
A．common B．terrible C．unexpected D．important
7．To deal with hot weather, you need to prepare ________.
A．cooling devices B．heaters C．clothes D．wet sheets
8．When you go out in hot weather, you’d better ________.
A．drink less water B．have a shower C．wear cool clothes D．stay in libraries
9．If you find someone dizzy without sweat, first you should ________.
A．call his/her name B．make a call at 120
C．water him/her D．wrap him/her with a sheet
10．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Doctors’ advice B．Stay away from extreme hot weather
C．The ways to protect yourself in the sun D．How to keep safe when in high temperatures

When Ted Hughes finished training college, he became a teacher in a high school. Ted liked children, and was always ready to have a joke with them, so they learned a lot from him while at the same time having fun.
One September, he was having his first lesson. And to start with, he decided to ask the students some questions, so that he could see how much they already knew.
“Where’s Turkey?” Ted asked the first boy.
“Turkey?” the boy answered. “You’ll find it on the Christmas dinner table. sir.”
“Very funny!” said Ted with a smile, while the class laughed loudly.
“Do you really know where it is?”
The boy did, in fact, know, “Part of it is in Southeast Europe and part in Asia. sir.” he said.
“Good.” said Ted. The next few boys also had funny answers to Ted’s questions. But they all knew the correct answers, too.
Ted then turned to a girl who was very clever. “What is the equator (赤道)?”
“It’s an imaginary line drawn round the earth equally distant from the North Pole and the South Pole, sir?” the girl answered at once.
“Very good.” But it sounded to Ted as if the girl had learned this by heart — so he asked her another question to see whether she was right or not.
“Now, do you really know what that means?” he asked. “Could you, for example, tie a knot (结) in the equator?”
The class laughed, but she answered, “Yes, sir.”
“Oh, really?” Ted said with a smile.
“Yes, sir,” the girl said, “As the equator’s an imaginary line, you could tie an imaginary knot in it.”
This time Ted joined happily in the class’s loud laughter.
11．A “training college” here means a college ________.
A．where teachers in the future study B．where students learn from teachers
C．where people get some life skills D．where students love to relax
12．What does “Turkey” refer to in Ted’s question?
A．Food on the table. B．A part in America. C．An imaginary line. D．The name of a country.
13．The class and Ted burst into laughter in the end, because ________.
A．the girl had learned the answer by heart B．the girl’s answer was wrong but funny
C．the girl had given a very intelligent answer D．the other students wanted to make fun of the girl
14．Which subject does Ted teach?
A．English. B．Geography. C．History. D．Science.
15．What kind of teacher is Ted?
A．Kind and patient. B．Kind and confident.
C．Creative and patient. D．Creative and hard-working.

Driving an electric car (E-car) is much better than driving a gas-powered car.
First of all, E-cars produce about 80 percent less pollution than cars with gas-powered motors. In fact, E-cars themselves produce no waste. When energy comes from large sources such as power plants, it’s easier to control.
Furthermore, E-cars are simply more efficient (高效的) than gas-powered cars for several reasons. First, E-cars have regenerative braking (制动能量回收), which means that when you use the brakes, the battery has a chance to recharge (再充电). On the contrary, when you brake in a gas-powered car, you actually use energy. Also, the E-cars are lighter so that there will be less drag (阻力) from the wind. This allows them to travel farther using less energy than a gas-powered car.
Besides the environmental benefits, there are also financial and time-saving benefits for driving E-cars. The cost of charging an E-car is about 20 percent of the cost of gas, and E-cars require far less maintenance (维护) than gas-powered cars. Because E-cars have fewer moving parts, there are fewer possible problems. Also, after the body of an E-car gives out, the engine can be reused. E-cars can also save time. While gas-powered cars require visits to a mechanic (保养) every few months, the E-cars are required to replace the battery every four years.
Overall, there are numerous benefits of driving an E-car. It may take some time to get used to, but in the long run, the use of E-cars is helpful for the environment and can save people more time and money.
16．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．Less than 80 percent pollution is produced by cars.
B．Gas-powered cars get energy from power stations.
C．Electric cars themselves don’t produce any waste.
D．It’s difficult to control energy from power plants.
17．The writer thinks E-cars are more efficient because ________.
A．they produce less pollution
B．the cost of their power is much less
C．they don’t need to be maintained every few months
D．using braking is a chance to recharge and their body is lighter
18．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．Electric cars cost less to maintain because of fewer moving parts.
B．It may take no time to see the popularity of driving electric cars.
C．The battery can be reused after the body of an electric car gives out.
D．Replacing the engine every four years is required for an electric car.
19．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．The Best Way to Protect the Environment
B．Electric Cars Are Worthy of a Second Look
C．The Greatest Invention in the New Century
D．Driving Electric Cars Saves Times and Money
20．What style is this passage?
A．A story. B．A poem. C．An instruction. D．An argumentation.


二、完形填空
To keep healthy in space is not as easy as that on earth. During the three months in space, the three astronauts had to do exercise regularly. In Tianhe’s exercise area, they did 21 exercise according to their physical condition. For example, when they got into 22 at first, they did moderate-intensity (中等强度) exercise every day. And the intensity gradually 23 as their time in space progressed. Only in this way could they 24 the environment in space. There was also a device for the astronauts to use to keep their muscles in a good condition. Experts on the 25 could adjust the device according to their conditions.
21．A．daily B．simple C．special D．creative
22．A．rocket B．car C．state D．space
23．A．dropped B．lost C．increased D．held
24．A．be full of B．get used to C．come up with D．go along with
25．A．moon B．plane C．ground D．laboratory

I almost messed up “big time” yesterday.
Dan and I were coming back when we saw a (n) 26 man. I didn’t have any cash (现金). Dan, my 5-year-old son wanted to give the man the 30 cents he had. I was happy that he did this with 27 . But honestly I didn’t agree. My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction (反应) to 28 just two coins were standing in the way.
I quickly realized that I was the 29 problem. I almost showed him that what he saw as a good thing wasn’t good enough to make a 30 in someone’s life. Thank goodness I quickly 31 that foolishness.
I then said. “I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any cash on me, but my son wants to give you everything he 32 right now.”
The smile on his face lit up the crossroad and he said to Dan, “Thank you!”
The only thing that 33 the brightness of his smile was the bigger smile on my boy’s face!
I also believed that a chain reaction of 34 started behind us, as other people helped him, too.
My little boy reminded me by his 35 that it was always about the heart. It doesn’t matter how much you have or how little; giving in love is very important.
26．A．dirty B．strange C．ordinary D．homeless
27．A．joy B．surprise C．direction D．patience
28．A．losing B．receiving C．keeping D．finding
29．A．first B．right C．live D．only
30．A．promise B．decision C．difference D．wish
31．A．spread B．dropped C．refused D．created
32．A．believes B．wants C．has D．knows
33．A．matched B．lightened C．explained D．described
34．A．confidence B．kindness C．trust D．courage
35．A．words B．feelings C．excuses D．actions


三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。
In late May, 2020, a country in Florida suffered strong storms. The roads changed into brown rivers.
When it rains 36 (heavy), rainwater builds up the streets, the drains (下水道) get plugged (塞住). And it becomes the key cause of weather-related problem of 37 (die) in the USA．
A team of teenagers from local middle school made a plan 38 (solve) this problem. With the help of their science teacher, they invented a device (装置) to warn city workers when and 39 there is a danger of flooding (洪水).
Bianca, one of the team 40 (member), said, “All of us experienced problems with flooding, and we knew we had to do something about it. Students at our school hope our device 41 (help) because most of them once met with this problem.”
A laser system (激光系统) 42 (use) in their device. When a drain was plugged up, the device could warn the city workers then 43 (it) could clean the drain at once.
They got many supports from people around. Their classmates helped them find information about how to use the laser system. Class parents who 44 (be) engineers helped them solve the technique (技术) problems. They each took on a task that they are good 45 . Each member put in a lot of effort and finally they made it.


四、阅读填表
阅读短文, 然后在文后表格内完成内容摘要, 每空不超过三个词, 并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。
Wash your jeans less, please!
Think about what you like to wear on the weekend. There’s a good chance that you like to put on a pair of blue jeans. At any moment, about half of the world’s population is wearing jeans.
But according to a new study, our love for jeans may be bad for the earth. Denim (牛仔布) might be putting some sea animals in danger.
Every time we wash our jeans, tiny bits of denim come loose. They flow out of our washing machines, down the drain and into the world’s rivers, lakes and oceans.
You might wonder: Isn’t denim made of cotton, a natural material? How can it become a danger to nature? Well, in the process of making jeans, cotton fibers (纤维) are treated with many types of man-made chemicals. Some improve the fibers’ durability (耐用性) and feel; others give jeans their blue color.
Scientists studied the Great Lakes in America and the Arctic Ocean in northern Canada. They found denim waste in all of the samples (样本) they had collected. It is feared that the harmful chemicals in denim have spread far and wide. Scientists aren’t yet sure how these chemicals might harm animals.
In the study, the scientists also washed jeans to see how many bits of denim on average each pair would drop per wash. The answer was alarming: about 50,000. Not all of them make their ways into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants hold back 83 to 99 percent of them. This may sound pretty good. However, one percent of 50,000 bits are still 500 per wash. Now think about the number of jeans around the world and the times each of them gets washed. As a result, a large amount of denim waste still gets dumped (被甩) into the environment.
Does this mean we shouldn’t wear jeans? Probably not. “We need to buy fewer clothes and only wash them when we truly need to do it.” says Sam Athey, one of the scientists. “You don’t need to wash your jeans after having worn them only a couple of times.”
46 !
Passage outline (提纲)
Supporting details
47 the earth if washing too often.
Denim might harm some sea animals.
Possible reasons
● bits of denim into water
● 48
Scientists’ study
● denim waste found in samples
● chemicals spread 49
● denim waste dumped into the environment
50
Buy fewer jeans and wash only when necessary/needed.


五、电子邮件
51．假定你是Li Hua，请回复你笔友Dale的邮件。下面的一些提示词可能有帮助。词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：modern times, original (原先的), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 1881, 1936, humorous, Life Is a Moment (《朝花夕拾》), made into movies, admire
To: Li Hua
From: Dale
Hi Li Hua,
How’s it going?
Recently I’ve read a book named Diary of a Madman. I’m interested in the writer Lu Xun. Could you tell me something about him?
Looking forward to hear from you.
Dale
To: Dale
From: Li Hua
Hi Dale,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Hua

参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了英雄是那些通过自己的行动对世界产生积极影响的人。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句“They make a positive difference in the world”可知，英雄对世界有积极的影响。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“In their everyday lives, they … admire their character.”可知，在日常生活中，他们的行为举止令人钦佩。选项意思分别为：look after照顾；look for寻找；look forward to盼望；look up to尊敬、钦佩。故选D。
3．段落大意题。第三段主要讲的是做一些勇敢的事情会让世界有所不同。故选B。
4．态度观点题。通读全文并结合选项可知，人们欣赏有诚实品质的人。选项意思分别为：honesty诚实；beauty美丽；shyness害羞；humor幽默。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了英雄是那些通过自己的行动对世界产生积极影响的人。故选A。
6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了在极端高温下保证安全的一些措施。
6．词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第二句“They may hurt or even kill people.”可知，极端高温可能会伤害甚至杀死人。由此推断极端高温是“可怕的”。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第二、三段中的“First, be prepared. Do not use a fan as your main cooling device (设备).”可知，首先要做好准备，不要使用风扇作为主要的冷却设备，要准备其他有效的“冷却设备”。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第七段中的“… if you do go out, wear loose and light-colored clothing.”可知，如果要在高温天气外出，就穿宽松浅色的衣服。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中的“If you see any of these signs in anyone, you may be dealing with a life-threatening emergency — you should get medical attention as soon as possible, such as dial 120.”可知，如果你在任何人身上看到任何这些中暑的迹象，你可能要处理危及生命的紧急情况——尽快联系医生，比如拨打 120。故选B。
10．标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了在极端高温下，怎样才能保证生命安全。故选D。
11．A 12．D 13．C 14．B 15．A

【导语】本文主要介绍了Ted以及九月的一天他上课的相关情况。
11．词义猜测题。根据“When Ted Hughes finished training college, he became a teacher in a high school”可知他成为了一所高中的老师，说明training college是一所培养未来老师的学校。故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据“Part of it is in Southeast Europe and part in Asia, sir”可知“Turkey”在Ted的问题里是指一个国家的名字，故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据“It’s an imaginary line drawn round the earth equally distant from the North Pole and the South Pole,”这是一条想象中的线，绕着地球画，距离北极和南极相等；“As the equator’s an imaginary line, you could tie an imaginary knot in it.”因为赤道是一条假想的线，你可以在它上面打一个假想的结，可知这位女学生的回答很精彩，所以老师和全班同学都笑了，故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据“Where’s Turkey?”及“What is the equator”可知他的问题和地理有关，由此可推知他是一名地理老师。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据“Ted liked children, and was always ready to have a joke with them”可知Ted是友善的，宽容的；再根据他问学生问题的过程中可发现他也是很有耐心的， 故选A。
16．C 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，从“环保、耗能、经济成本和时间成本”四个方面介绍了电动汽车的优势。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句中“In fact, E-cars themselves produce no waste.”，可知电动汽车本身不产生废物。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“First, E-cars have regenerative…recharge the E-cars are lighter…”，可知“刹车时可以充电”和“电动汽车车身更轻”，符合高效率的说法。故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“and E-cars require far less maintenance…”及“Because E-cars have fewer moving parts, there are fewer possible problems.”可知电动汽车的维护成本更低，因为移动部件更少，出现的问题也更少。故选A。
19．最佳标题题。根据文章第一段“Driving an electric car (E-car) is much better than driving a gas-powered car.”和最后一段“but in the long…time and money.”，可知驾驶电动汽车比汽油动力汽车更好，从长远来看，使用电动汽车有利于环境，可以节省人们更多的时间和金钱，所以值得重新审视电动车。故选B。
20．推理判断题。通读全文，可知作者在从四个方面介绍使用电动汽车的好处，是说明文。故选C。
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 25．C

【导语】本文介绍了空间站宇航员的锻炼情况。
21．句意：在天河运动区内，他们根据自己的身体状况进行了日常的锻炼。
daily日常的；simple简单的；special特殊的；creative有创造性的。根据every day和regularly可知宇航员会接受日常锻炼。故选A。
22．句意：例如，当他们最初进入空间站时，他们每天做中等强度锻炼。
rocket火箭；car车；state国家；space空间。根据“To keep healthy in space is not as easy as that on earth.”可知此处指宇航员在空间站的锻炼。故选D。
23．句意：随着时间的推移，强度逐渐增加。
dropped掉；lost丢了；increased增长；held拿着。根据“For example, when they got into...at first, they did moderate-intensity (中等强度) exercise every day.”和“ as their time in space progressed.”可知最初是中等强度，之后会随着时间增强。故选C。
24．句意：只有这样，他们才能适应太空环境。
be full of充满；get used to习惯；come up with想出；go along with赞同。根据“the environment in space”可知此处指适应环境。故选B。
25．句意：地面上的专家可以根据自己的情况调整设备。
moon月亮；plane飞机；ground地面；laboratory实验室。根据“Experts on the ... could adjust the device according to their conditions.”可知地面上的专家根据情况来制定方案。故选C。

26．D 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．D

【导语】本文讲述了作者的儿子帮助流浪汉的故事。
26．句意：丹和我正要回来，突然看到一个流浪汉。
dirty脏的；strange陌生的；ordinary普通的；homeless无家可归的。根据下文“My own pride and thoughts of the homeless man’s unknown reaction…”可知，这里指看到一个无家可归的人，故选D。
27．句意：我很高兴他高兴地做了这件事。
joy喜悦；surprise惊喜；direction方向；patience耐心。根据“But honestly I didn’t agree.”可知，这里指作者儿子高兴地做了这件事，故选A。
28．句意：我自己的骄傲和对这个流浪汉只收到两枚硬币的未知反应的想法阻碍了我。
losing丢失；receiving收到；keeping保持；finding找到。根据“Dan, my 5-year-old son wanted to give the man the 30 cents he had.”可知，这里指流浪汉收到钱的反应，故选B。
29．句意：我很快意识到我是唯一的问题。
first首先的；right正确的；live活着的；only仅仅。根据“I almost showed him that what he saw as a good thing wasn’t good enough…”可知，这里指作者意识到问题在自己身上。故选D。
30．句意：我几乎向他表明，他眼中的好事还不足以改变一个人的生活。
promise承诺；decision决定；difference不同；wish愿望。根据前文“the homeless man’s unknown reaction to…just two coins”可知，作者认为30美分太少，对流浪汉起不到作用，make a difference意为“对……起作用”，故选C。
31．句意：谢天谢地，我很快就放弃了这种愚蠢。
spread传播；dropped落下；refused拒绝；created创造。根据“I then said. ‘I’m sorry, man. I don’t have any cash on me, but my son wants to give you everything…’”可知，作者放弃了之前愚蠢想法，故选B。
32．句意：我身上没有现金，但我儿子现在想把他所有的东西都给你。
believes相信；wants想；has有；knows知道。根据前文“Dan, my 5-year-old son wanted to give the man the 30 cents he had.”可知，作者的儿子把他身上有的钱都给了流浪汉，故选C。
33．句意：唯一让他笑容明亮的是我儿子脸上更灿烂的笑容！
matched匹配；lightened点亮；explained解释；described描述。根据前文“The smile on his face lit up the crossroad…”可知，儿子脸上的笑容点亮了流浪汉脸上的笑容，故选B。
34．句意：我也相信，当其他人也帮助他时，善良的连锁反应在我们身后开始了。
confidence自信；kindness善良；trust相信；courage勇气。根据“…started behind us, as other people helped him, too”可知，这里指善良的连锁反应，故选B。
35．句意：我的小男孩通过他的行为提醒我，这总是与心有关。
words言语；feelings感受；excuses借口；actions行动。根据“It doesn’t matter how much you have or how little; giving in love is very important.”可知，这里指作者儿子的善举行为感动了作者，故选D。

36．heavily 37．deaths 38．to solve 39．where
40．members 41．will help
42．was used 43．they 44．were
45．at

【导语】本文主要介绍了美国佛罗里达的学生为预报洪水危险而发明的一种激光装置。
36．句意：下大雨时，雨水积聚在街道上，排水沟堵塞了。heavy是形容词，此处修饰动词，应用副词，故填heavily。
37．句意：它成为美国与天气有关的死亡问题的主要原因。根据“And it becomes the key cause of weather-related problem of...in the USA.”可知此处应填名词，death“死亡”，此处是指死亡数或死亡人口的具体概念，是可数名词， 应用复数表泛指，故填deaths。
38．句意：一组来自当地中学的青少年制定了解决这个问题的计划。分析题干可知，制定计划是为了解决问题，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to solve。
39．句意：在他们的科学老师的帮助下，他们发明了一种装置来警告城市工人何时何地有洪水的危险。根据“warn city workers when and...there is a danger of flooding (洪水).”可知这个装置可以警告城市工人何时何地有洪水的危险。where“哪里”符合语境，故填where。
40．句意：比安卡是小组成员之。one of后加名词复数，故填members。
41．句意：我们学校的学生希望我们的设备能有所帮助，因为他们中的大多数人都曾经遇到过这个问题。根据“Students at our school hope our device”语境可知，设备有帮助是发生在将来，应用一般将来时，故填will help。
42．句意：他们的装置中使用了激光系统。主语和动词use是动宾关系，应用被动语态，结合后句可知本句应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was used。
43．句意：当排水管堵塞时，该设备可以警告城市工人，然后他们可以立即清理排水管。此处是代指城市工人们，应用they“他们”。故填they。
44．句意：工程师出身的班级家长帮助他们解决了技术问题。此处是定语从句，先行词为parents，是复数，句子是一般过去时，be动词用were。故填were。
45．句意：他们各自承担了一项自己擅长的任务。根据“They each took on a task that they are good”可知应该是承担自己擅长的任务，be good at“擅长”。故填at。
46．Wash less jeans
47．be bad for
48．with man-made chemicals
49．far and wide
50．suggestions


【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了牛仔裤会对环境造成污染，建议我们少买牛仔裤，少清洗。
46．根据文章标题“Wash your jeans less, please!”可知，本文主要介绍了牛仔裤对环境的危害，建议我们少洗牛仔裤。故填Wash less jeans。
47．根据“our love for jeans may be bad for the earth”可知，经常洗牛仔裤对地球不利。故填be bad for。
48．根据表格中“Possible reasons”中可知，空处需填牛仔裤对环境危害的原因，根据“Well in the process of making jeans, cotton fibers (纤维) are treated with manly types of man-made chemicals.”可知，牛仔布的面料里有人造的化学物质，这个会对环境造成危害。故填with man-made chemicals。
49．根据“It is feared that the harmful chemicals in denim have spread far and wide.”可知，人们担心牛仔布中的有害化学物质已经广泛传播。故填far and wide。
50．根据表格中“Buy fewer jeans and wash only when necessary/needed.”可知，少买牛仔裤，只在必要的时候洗，此处表达给出的建议，故填suggestions。
51．例文
To: Dale
From: Li Hua
Hi Dale,
Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers in modern times. He was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang in 1881. In 1902 he went to Japan to study the original study medicine and the latter was engaged in the literary work. In 1936, he died of illness in Shanghai.
His great works included Diary of a Madman and Life Is a Moment. Lu Xun’s works have a special style with humorous language. Some of his works were made into movies. Lu Xun is deeply admired by Chinese people.
If you want to read more Chinese works, I can introduce some to you.
Li Hua
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为电子邮件。
②时态：时态为“一般过去时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中对鲁迅的介绍要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表明写作意图。借用“你能告诉我一些关于鲁迅的信息吗”来引出重点介绍的内容；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“生平、作品、评价等”几个方面重点介绍鲁迅的具体情况；
第三步，书写结语，表达“如果你想读更多的中国作品，我可以给你介绍一些”的观点。
[亮点词汇]
①be engaged in从事；
②die of死于；
③be made into被制成；
④want to do sth想要做某事。
[高分句型]
①Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers in modern times. (“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”句型)
②If you want to read more Chinese works, I can introduce some to you. (if引导的条件状语从句)