2023届四川省四川大学附属中学高考热身考试一英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2023届四川省四川大学附属中学高考热身考试一英语试题（含解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了短对话，长对话，短文，阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届四川省四川大学附属中学高考热身考试一英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、短对话
1．What does the man want?
A．Beef. B．Coke. C．Cake.
2．What is the woman going to do tonight?
A．Go to the cinema. B．Work on a paper. C．Stay at home.
3．Where are the speakers going?
A．To a park. B．To a gym. C．To a supermarket.
4．How does the woman feel about her new class?
A．It’s easy. B．It’s hard. C．It’s interesting.
5．Why does the man look tired?
A．He stayed up to watch drama.
B．He read a novel all night.
C．He went to a party.

二、长对话
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What should the woman do at the second traffic light?
A．Turn left. B．Get on the highway. C．Go straight.
7．Why does the woman want to go downtown?
A．To fix her computer.
B．To return her computer.
C．To buy a new computer.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．What will take up the most in the financial budget?
A．Transportation fee. B．Hotel bills. C．Food cost.
9．What will the speakers do to limit the expense?
A．Take public transport.
B．Choose cheaper hotels.
C．Eat at less expensive places.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10．What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Friends. B．Husband and wife. C．Shopkeeper and customer.
11．Why does the woman suggest the man buy things online?
A．To avoid the crowd.
B．To have more choices.
C．To buy something more expensive.
12．Who likes to read romance novels?
A．The woman. B．The man. C．The man’s wife.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
13．Why does the man make the phone call?
A．To change a meeting time.
B．To talk with Brian Hibberd.
C．To leave a message.
14．What is Brian Hibberd doing?
A．Making a phone call. B．Going on a holiday. C．Attending a meeting.
15．At what time will the man meet Brian Hibberd this Wednesday?
A．At 3：00 pm. B．At 4：15 pm. C．At 4：50 pm.
16．What can we know about Brian Hibberd?
A．He will be free this morning.
B．He will be away for two weeks.
C．He will be in office next Wednesday morning.


三、短文
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17．Which of the following is a feature of a hit song?
A．Being easy to remember.
B．Having an unpleasant tune.
C．Being released in an album.
18．How long do most pop songs last?
A．2-3 minutes. B．2-5 minutes. C．5-7 minutes.
19．Who is a country music singer?
A．Taylor Swift. B．Skrillex. C．Bob Dylan.
20．What is the speaker mainly talking about?
A．Lyrics. B．Artists. C．Pop music.


四、阅读理解
EXHIBITIONS AND EVENTS
Explore our wide-ranging exhibitions and increase your knowledge when enjoying yourself.
Feathered Ink
Opening on August 27
Across three galleries, Feathered Ink explores how Japanese artists have experimented over several centuries with different brush techniques in their descriptions of bird subjects. Drawing from the Freer Gallery of Art’s extensive collection of bird-and-flower paintings, the exhibition includes hanging scroll paintings, folding screens, ceramics, and printed books.
The Peacock Room
Opening on September 3
In 1876, shipping magnate Frederick Leyland hired his friend, artist James McNeill Whistler, to redecorate the dining room of his London townhouse, and then used it to display his prized collection of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain(瓷器). Then in 1904 Collector Charles Lang Freer purchased the room. He had it taken apart, shipped across the Atlantic, and reassembled in his home in Detroit, Michigan. There, he gradually filled its shelves with ceramics he collected from Syria, Iran, Japan, China, and Korea.
Rinpa
Opening on October 1
The Japanese painting movement now known as Rinpa was a loose association of artists that began around the early 1600s and continued into the 1800s. Their aesthetic(审美观)came to define a typical image of Japanese art consisting of stylized forms in bright colors. We invite you to explore a selection of paintings and ceramics by generations of Rinpa artists from our collection.
Freer’s Global Network
Opening on October 15
This exhibition looks at the interconnected web of artists, dealers, and collectors who helped shape the Freer Gallery of Art’s collection in the early twentieth century. The display of objects in this gallery, which includes American paintings and stoneware, Japanese ceramics, ancient Chinese bronzes, and Near Eastern pottery, illustrates that network in operation.
21．Which exhibition displays paintings of birds and flowers intensively?
A．Rinpa. B．Feathered Ink.
C．The Peacock Room. D．Freer’s Global Network.
22．Who was Frederick Leyland?
A．A painting artist. B．A Japanese decorator.
C．An American collector. D．A shipping businessman.
23．What can visitors do at Freer’s Global Network?
A．Interact with famous artists. B．Enjoy international artworks.
C．Collect artworks from dealers. D．Appreciate artworks through network.

Humans are very good at processing language. We join various words together in a sentence. At the end of the comprehension process, the whole sentence is much more meaningful than the sum of its parts.
Some researchers argued that when provided with a certain reward, children learn how to speak. Rather than something suitable to eat, the attention and praise from parents could be perfect for encouraging their remarkable language processing skills.
Other researchers refused to accept the idea that language is acquired through training. They are sure the ability to process language comes naturally. Almost any child, anywhere in the world, can manage to learn to understand and speak a language successfully. The big question is how language is acquired so naturally.
The language-learning child already has a “language mind”, having a natural tendency to use the knowledge and abilities born with for understanding and speaking a language. Children can acquire a language so rapidly and effortlessly.
The enthusiasm about the invention of computers convinced some researchers that the human brain must be like a computer. It is able to deal with large amounts of data very quickly. Language must be based firmly on some useful information to be meaningful. Take the word “dog” for example, the meaning for the word comes from the fact that in our mind, we can “see” the four-legged animal, mentally hear its barking, imagine its particular dog smell, and picture what it feels like to touch it gently. That is how language attains meaning.
But when considering explanations of how humans are so good at processing language, we often tend to leave one important aspect out—the source, language itself. The language system provides us with all the clues to extract(提取)meaning from those seemingly meaningless symbols. Although language users have a large amount of flexibility, they use words in the order grammatically right. If we use adjectives, like “sad” and “happy”, we could use them in a sentence like “sad songs can hardly make you happy”. It is one of many examples suggesting that the language system is helping us save our efforts to extract meaning.
24．How many opinions are mentioned about learning language in the text?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
25．How does the author develop the text?
A．By showing data.
B．By presenting the facts.
C．By stating different viewpoints.
D．By describing the process of experiments.
26．Why is the word “dog” mentioned in paragraph 5?
A．To show human brain is very complicated.
B．To prove language is learned through sources.
C．To indicate the word “dog” is so impressive in our mind.
D．To present words can be meaningful with specific information.
27．What else help humans process language quickly in the author’s opinion?
A．The language system. B．Flexible languages.
C．Meaningful symbols. D．Abundant human imagination.

ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence(AI)-powered chat robot that creates surprisingly intelligent-sounding text in response to user prompts(提示), including homework assignments and exam-style questions. The replies are so clear, well-researched and properly referenced that some academics are calling ChatGPT the death ring for conventional forms of educational assessment. How worried should professors and lecturers be?Dan Gillmor, a journalism researcher at Arizona State University in Tempe, told The Guardian that he had fed ChatGPT a homework question that he often assigns his students-and the article it produced in response would have earned a student a good grade.
ChatGPT is the brainchild of AI firm OpenAI, based in San Francisco, California. In 2020, the company unleashed GPT-3, a type of AI known as a large language model that creates text by scanning through billions of words of training data and learning how words and phrases relate to each other. GPT-3 is in the vanguard(先锋)of a revolution in AI, raising philosophical questions about its limits and prompting a host of potential applications, from summarizing legal documents to aiding computer programmers. ChatGPT is fine-tuned from an advanced version of GPT-3 and is optimized(优化)to engage in dialogue with users.
“Essays are used to test both a student’s knowledge and their writing skills. ChatGPT is going to make it hard to combine these two into one form of written assignment,” says Arvind Narayanan, a computer scientist at Princeton University in New Jersey. “But academics could respond by reworking written assessments to prioritize critical thinking or reasoning that ChatGPT can’t yet do. This might ultimately encourage students to think for themselves more, rather than to try and answer essay prompts,” he says.
The situation both worries and excites Sandra Wachter, who studies technology and regulation at the Oxford Internet Institute, UK. She’s hopeful that education providers will adapt. “Whenever there’s a new technology, there’s a panic around it,” she says. “It’s the responsibility of academics to have a healthy amount of distrust— but I don’t feel like this is an undefeatable challenge.”
28．What did Dan Gillmor do with ChatGPT?
A．He criticized it on newspaper.
B．He encouraged his students to use it.
C．He tested it with one of his assignments.
D．He used it to grade his students’ homework.
29．What advantage does ChatGPT have over GPT-3?
A．It can built a large language model.
B．It can make conversations with its users.
C．It can offer a host of potential applications.
D．It can look through a large number of documents.
30．What does ChatGPT lack according to Arvind?
A．Writing skills. B．Critical thinking.
C．Answering essay prompts. D．Testing professional essays.
31．What is Sandra’s attitude to students’ using ChatGPT?
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Discouraged. D．Indifferent.

London Mayor Sadiq Khan’s announcement that all primary school pupils in the city will receive free school meals from September is a welcome move amid rising food and energy prices. The £130 million plan rejects means-testing(经济状况调查)in favor of a universal scheme, which many see as a smart political move and a good policy. Universal public services such as this create shared understanding and gain political legitimacy, as they enable individuals to live at a reasonable standard.
The current tax and benefit system in the UK leaves millions of children in poverty and hunger, and means-testing is neither fair nor efficient. Parents claiming universal credit in England must have a household income of less than £7,400 to qualify for free school meals. An estimated 800, 000 children living in poverty do not get free school meals due to the eligibility criteria being so restrictive. Another 200, 000 are eligible but have not accessed them because enrolment is not automatic.
The initiative has been welcomed by many for its potential to reduce child obesity rates and improve pupil attainment. The Impact on Urban Health thinktank estimates that making free school meals universal will generate £1.71 in economic and social benefits for every £1 invested.
Unfortunately, the government seems more interested in rationing access to welfare than helping people get the support they need. Means-testing is often justified on the grounds that it diverts resources to the most needy, but this argument falls apart when thousands of children are going hungry and struggling to learn at school.
The move towards universal free school meals in London is a step in the right direction and shows an appetite for experimentation necessary to flesh out the future of the post-Covid welfare state. While some parents on higher salaries may benefit, focusing on this would be missing the point: universal services pay for themselves. By investing in our children’s well-being and education, we create a healthier, more prosperous society for everyone. It’s time to reject the divisive politics of means-testing and embrace universal public services that benefit us all.
32．What is the aim of London Mayor Sadiq Khan’s plan?
A．To reduce child obesity rates.
B．To improve pupils’ achievement in primary schools.
C．To help pupils from poor families handle hunger.
D．To ensure means-testing an access to free school meals.
33．Why do many people view the universal scheme as a good policy?
A．It creates more jobs.
B．It benefits individuals.
C．It is a divisive politics of means-testing.
D．It generates economic and social benefits.
34．Why is means-testing an inefficient means to address children’s hunger?
A．It runs without political legitimacy.
B．The qualification criteria are too restrictive.
C．The argument about means-testing falls apart.
D．It doesn’t include the current tax and benefit system.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Obstacles to Universal Free School Meals in London
B．The Pros and Cons of Means-Testing for Free School Meals
C．A Plan to Provide Free School Meals to Pupils in London
D．The Impact of Universal Public Services on Poverty and Hunger


五、七选五
Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people wanting to add an animal companion. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred(纯种的)dogs and cats. 36
Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce, hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. 37
Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. 38 A young animal’s behaviour may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behaviour should be evident, so no surprises.
39 You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask you lots of questions to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things don’t word out.
There’s something else to keep in mind. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle, not a pet you feel sorry for. 40 There’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing animals appropriately.
A．Pets not only provide but call for company.
B．Animal experts discuss how to adopt a pet.
C．Most importantly what you see is what you get.
D．Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source.
E．Consider the pet’s suitability for your family and lifestyle.
F．You need to think carefully about how you will care for it.
G．Some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed.


六、完形填空
My heart pounded wildly as I saw three missed calls. After a half-dozen rings, my mom called me back. “Daddy had a heart 41 while he was surfing today. He’s dead. I’m so sorry.” I 42 to my knees in the grass, 43 with sobs.
That evening, I 44 a one-way ticket to my mom. I emailed my adviser on the way to the airport. His 45 brought a wave of relief: “I am so sorry! Please take whatever time you need.” During the next few weeks, my research 46 crossed my mind, and my adviser reminded me with unconditional 47 , “Please don’t feel any pressure to 48 back to lab.”
After a month away, I felt the 49 thing for me would be to try to force a 50 to school. But as graduate students and professors offered well-meaning 51 , I felt embarrassed and isolated by my sadness. I was 52 and uninterested in my research. I began to doubt whether my fascination for 53 would ever return.
Then a senior graduate student asked me how I was going. I didn’t 54 her well, but something about her made me 55 . I broke into tears, and she shared with me her experience of 56 a loved one during graduate school. It was the first time since I returned that I felt somewhat 57 .
From then on, I slowly began to feel a bit more 58 each day. I am still learning how to handle my 59 . That sadness will never go away. But I also feel proud that I 60 .
41．A．operation B．beat C．attack D．transplant
42．A．slipped B．attached C．adjusted D．sunk
43．A．jumping B．shaking C．staring D．pretending
44．A．sold B．grabbed C．spotted D．booked
45．A．advice B．sigh C．profile D．response
46．A．barely B．secretly C．eventually D．constantly
47．A．alternative B．kindness C．patience D．tolerance
48．A．ring B．flee C．rush D．ride
49．A．best B．quickest C．easiest D．craziest
50．A．reward B．reply C．refund D．return
51．A．sympathy B．gratitude C．promise D．comments
52．A．unbearable B．unbelievable C．unproductive D．unavailable
53．A．science B．life C．family D．travel
54．A．treat B．respect C．acknowledge D．know
55．A．take over B．work out C．keep on D．open up
56．A．meeting B．losing C．guiding D．worrying
57．A．engaged B．moved C．relieved D．satisfied
58．A．normal B．secure C．professional D．remarkable
59．A．anxiety B．grief C．desire D．prospect
60．A．took over B．carried on C．turned up D．dropped out


七、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Mengtian space lab module, 61 third major component of the nation’s Tiangong space station, was launched on Monday afternoon in a key step to complete the inorbit assembly of Tiangong. The lab module’s carrier-a Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket-blasted off at 3:37 pm at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in the southernmost island province of Hainan. After 62 (fly)more than eight minutes, the rocket placed the spacecraft into a low-Earth orbit nearly 400 kilometers above the ground in 63 Tiangong is traveling. In the next couple of hours, the Mengtian docked(对接)with the Tiangong station’s Tianhe core module, according to the China Manned Space Agency.
The lab module 64 (be)about 17.9 meters long, has a diameter(直径) 65 4.2 meters and weighs more than 23 metric tons, according to its 66 (design)at the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. Gan Keli, Mengtian’s project manager at the Shanghai Academy, said, “Scientific 67 (equip)onboard will be used 68 (carry)out experiments in fluid physics, materials science, combustion science and fundamental physics.”
After Mengtian 69 (connect)with the Tiangong, the station will finally form a T-shaped structure and astronauts will have as much as 110 cubic meters in their 70 (use)space.


八、短文改错
71．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Snow is beautiful and makes everything looks new and bright. But snow isn’t always fun. In snowy countries, people usually wake up early to remove snow, what can be very heavy when the snow is wet. Traveling in the snow can also be difficult. Snow and ice make roads dangerously. Workers have to put salts on roads. The salt melts the snow, so the roads are safe. Snowstorms can cause problems, either. Storms bring strong winds and cold weather. They can bring lots of snow, too-sometimes more than a foot on snow! At the times, houses don’t have water and electricity. During storms it is unsafe go to work or school. Roads, businesses and schools are closing. Then students can enjoy a snow day.

九、告知信/通知
72．假定你是某校国际班的班长，你班将于下周三举行乒乓球比赛，请用英语写一则口头通知，内容包括：
1. 比赛时间与地点；
2. 报名截止时间；
3. 参赛者需自带装备。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
参考词汇：乒乓球拍pingpong racket
Good morning, everybody! May I have your attention, please?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all, thank you.

参考答案：
1．C
【原文】W: Here you are.
M: Oh, I don’t think these are mine.
W: You said you want beef and coke.
M: Actually I asked for a piece of cake.
2．C
【原文】M: Let’s go to the movies tonight.
W: I don’t want to. After working on the paper for almost six hours, I just want to have a good rest at home.
3．A
【原文】W: Can’t we go someplace and talk? It’s so crowded in here.
M: Well, there’s a little park down the street. It’s next to a supermarket behind a gymnasium. It’s usually not crowded this time of day.
W: OK. Let’s go.
4．B
【原文】M: How do you like your new Arabic class?
W: Oh, it’s tough! The teacher gives us so many unexpected tests.
M: Wow, your class sounds difficult. My French class seems easy for me. The teacher always tells us interesting stories.
5．C
【原文】W: You seem a bit tired, Neil. Did you stay up late to watch the new drama?
M: I had planned to read my favorite novel but ended up going to my friend’s party.
6．A 7．C

【原文】W: Hi, George, do you know how to get downtown?
M: Sure. Go straight down this road. When you get to the second traffic light, take a left. Then get on the highway and take Exit 52. Why are you going there?
W: I want to buy a new computer.
M: Why are you buying a new computer anyway? Didn’t you just get one?
W: Yes, but it doesn’t work anymore.
M: Alright.
8．A 9．C

【原文】M: Have you figured out how much money we shall spend?
W: Oh, yeah. The total amount is no less than 13,000 RMB, according to our route.
M: What? That’s too much.
W: Sit down. I’ll show you the list of our financial budget. First of all, it is nearly 8,000 RMB that we should spend on transportation.
M: Ah, the transportation fee always takes a great part in the budget.
W: Then we must pay a large amount of money for the hotel. But if we want to save money, we can choose a hotel which is not so good.
M: Hmm, what I’m fearful of is that the living condition will be terrible once we choose a cheaper hotel.
W: Then we can limit the cost of food.
M: I agree. We can choose less expensive restaurants.
10．A 11．A 12．C

【原文】M: What are your plans for New Year?
W: Oh yes, it’s almost New Year, isn’t it? I’m not sure what I’ll be doing then.
M: Well, if you don’t have any plans, your family could have dinner at my house.
W: That’s very nice of you, thanks. Have you finished your shopping yet?
M: No, I still have to do that. I think I’ll go to the mall this weekend.
W: It’s going to be really crowded at the mall. You should shop online.
M: You’re right. My colleagues have also said that. More things can be bought online.
W: What do you think you’ll get for your wife?
M: Probably a romance novel. She’s always reading one of those.
W: Don’t you think you should get her something a little more expensive, like jewelry or maybe a new computer?
M: Maybe you’re right. It’s hard to buy gifts. I think my wife has everything she wants. Maybe I should just ask her.
13．B 14．C 15．B 16．B

【原文】W: Mr Hibberd’s office.
M: Hello, can I speak to Brian Hibberd, please?
W: I’m afraid he’s at a meeting until lunchtime. Can I take a message?
M: Well, I’d like to arrange an appointment to see him, please. It’s Peter Jefferson here.
W: Could you hold on for a minute, Mr Jefferson? I’ll just look in the diary. So when’s convenient for you?
M: Some time this week if possible. I guess he will be away the following week.
W: Yes, that’s right. He will be on holiday for a fortnight.
M: Well, I need to see him before he leaves. So would Wednesday be okay?
W: Wednesday? Let me see. He’s out of office all morning. But he’s free in the afternoon, after about three.
M: Three o’clock is difficult. But I could make it after four.
W: So shall we say 4:15 Wednesday this week, in Mr Hibberd’s office?
M: That sounds fine. Thanks very much.
W: Okay, then. Bye.
17．A 18．B 19．A 20．C

【原文】M: Pop music is the genre of popular music that produces the most hits. A hit is a song that sells many copies, and the latest hits are listed every week on the charts. To get on the charts, a song must be released as a single. Songs that become hits almost always share certain features. They have a pleasing tune, and are easy to remember and sing along to. Most pop songs are between two and five minutes long, and the lyrics are usually about the joys and problems of love and relationships. Not all hit singles are produced by pop artists. They’re also produced by artists from many other genres like country music singer Taylor Swift, dance music artist Skrillex and folk singer Bob Dylan. Artists like these produce hit singles by writing songs that follow the pop-music formula but include elements of their own genre, and by doing this they can create their own unique style of pop music. It’s artists like these who are most likely to create new styles of pop music in the future.
21．B 22．D 23．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个艺术展的开放时间及其展出内容。
21．细节理解题。根据Feathered Ink中的“Drawing from the Freer Gallery of Art’s extensive collection of bird-and-flower paintings, the exhibition includes hanging scroll paintings, folding screens, ceramics, and printed books.(展览借鉴了弗里尔艺术画廊收藏的大量花鸟画，包括悬挂卷轴画、折叠屏风、陶瓷和印刷书籍)”可知，Feathered Ink展出的主要是花鸟，故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据The Peacock Room中的“In 1876, shipping magnate Frederick Leyland hired his friend, artist James McNeill Whistler, to redecorate the dining room of his London townhouse, and then used it to display his prized collection of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain(瓷器).(1876年，航运巨头弗雷德里克·莱兰（Frederick Leyland）聘请他的朋友，艺术家詹姆斯·麦克尼尔·惠斯勒（James McNeill Whistler）重新装修他在伦敦联排别墅的餐厅，然后用它来展示他珍贵的中国青花瓷器。)”可知，Frederick Leyland是一位船运商人，故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据Freer’s Global Network中的“The display of objects in this gallery, which includes American paintings and stoneware, Japanese ceramics, ancient Chinese bronzes, and Near Eastern pottery, illustrates that network in operation.(这个画廊中展出的物品包括美国绘画和粗陶器、日本陶瓷、中国古代青铜器和近东的陶器，说明了该网络的运作。)”可知，参观者可以在这里欣赏到来自世界各地的艺术品，故选B项。
24．D 25．C 26．D 27．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类非常擅长处理语言，文章从不同方面对此进行了分析和解释。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Some researchers argued that when provided with a certain reward, children learn how to speak.(一些研究人员认为，当提供一定的奖励时，孩子们学会了如何说话。)”和第三段“ They are sure the ability to process language comes naturally.(他们确信处理语言的能力是天生的。)”和第五段“Language must be based firmly on some useful information to be meaningful.(语言必须牢固地建立在有用信息的基础上，才能有意义。)”和最后一段“The language system provides us with all the clues to extract(提取)meaning from those seemingly meaningless symbols.(语言系统为我们提供了从那些看似毫无意义的符号中提取意义的所有线索。)”可知，文章中提到了4种关于学习语言的观点。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，文章提到了4种关于语言学习的观点，所以作者是通过陈述不同的观点来展开文章的。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Language must be based firmly on some useful information to be meaningful. Take the word “dog” for example, the meaning for the word comes from the fact that in our mind, we can “see” the four-legged animal, mentally hear its barking, imagine its particular dog smell, and picture what it feels like to touch it gently.(语言必须牢固地建立在有用信息的基础上，才能有意义。以“狗”这个词为例，这个词的含义来自于这样一个事实：在我们的脑海中，我们可以“看到”这种四条腿的动物，在脑海中听到它的叫声，想象它特有的狗味，并描绘出轻轻地触摸它的感觉。)”可知，作者通过以“狗”这个词为例来说明语言必须牢固地建立在有用信息的基础上，才能有意义，所以作者在第五段提到“狗”这个词是为了说明用特定的信息来呈现词语是有意义的。故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is one of many examples suggesting that the language system is helping us save our efforts to extract meaning.(这是许多例子之一，表明语言系统正在帮助我们节省提取意义的努力。)”可知，语言系统正在帮助我们节省提取意义的努力，即语言系统帮助人类更快地处理语言。故选A项。
28．C 29．B 30．B 31．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能机器人ChatGPT 能写论文，这引起了教授和讲师的担心，就此讨论了该如何处理这个问题。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段的“ Dan Gillmor, a journalism researcher at Arizona State University in Tempe, told The Guardian that he had fed ChatGPT a homework question that he often assigns his students-and the article it produced in response would have earned a student a good grade.（Dan Gillmor 是亚利桑那州立大学的新闻学研究者他告诉《卫报》，他给 ChatGPT 布置了一个作业，这是他经常给学生布置的，而 ChatGPT 给出的答案可以让学生获得一个好成绩。）”可知，Dan Gillmor在一次作业中测试了ChatGPT。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段的“ ChatGPT is fine-tuned from an advanced version of GPT-3 and is optimized to engage in dialogue with users.（ChatGPT 在 GPT-3 的高级版本上进行了微调，并进行了优化，以便它能与用户进行对话。） ”可知，与GPT-3相比，ChatGPT的优势在于它可以与用户进行对话。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段的“But academics could respond by reworking written assessments to prioritize critical thinking or reasoning that ChatGPT can’t yet do. （但学者们可以通过修改书面评估来做出回应，优先考虑ChatGPT还不能做到的批判性思维或推理。）”可知，Arvind 认为 ChatGPT 还不具备批判性思维或推理能力。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““Whenever there’s a new technology, there’s a panic around it,” she says. “It’s the responsibility of academics to have a healthy amount of distrust— but I don’t feel like this is an undefeatable challenge.”（ 她说：“每当有一项新技术出现时，人们都会感到恐慌。”。“学术界有责任保持适度的不信任，但我觉得这不是一个不可战胜的挑战。”）”可知，Sandra 认为保持适度的怀疑是学术界的责任，但她不认为这是一个不可战胜的挑战，即她对学生使用 ChatGPT 持支持态度。故选A。
32．C 33．B 34．B 35．C

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了伦敦市长从九月开始将为所有小学生提供免费校餐，这是在食品和能源价格上涨的背景下受到人们欢迎的措施。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The £130 million plan rejects means-testing(经济状况调查)in favor of a universal scheme, which many see as a smart political move and a good policy.(这项耗资1.3亿英镑的计划拒绝了经济状况调查，转而采用普遍计划，许多人认为这是一个明智的政治举措和一项好政策。)”及第二段中“The current tax and benefit system in the UK leaves millions of children in poverty and hunger, and means-testing is neither fair nor efficient. (英国目前的税收和福利制度使数百万儿童处于贫困和饥饿之中，经济状况调查既不公平也不有效。)”可知，伦敦市长Sadiq Khan计划从九月份开始为伦敦市的小学生提供免费校餐，这个计划被认为是一项应对食品和能源价格上涨的明智的改革措施，帮助来自贫困家庭的小学生应对饥饿，故选C项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Universal public services such as this create shared understanding and gain political legitimacy, as they enable individuals to live at a reasonable standard.(诸如此类的普遍公共服务创造了共识并获得政治合法性，因为它们使个人能够以合理的标准生活。)”及最后一段中“By investing in our children’s well-being and education, we create a healthier, more prosperous society for everyone.(通过投资于儿童的福祉和教育，我们为每个人创造了一个更健康、更繁荣的社会。)”可知，很多人认为免费校餐计划是明智的政策，因为它将人们的生活标准控制在合理范围内，对儿童福利和教育的投资也为大家创造了一个更健康、更繁荣的社会，即：使民众受益，故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“An estimated 800, 000 children living in poverty do not get free school meals due to the eligibility criteria being so restrictive. Another 200, 000 are eligible but have not accessed them because enrolment is not automatic.(估计有80万贫困儿童由于资格标准如此严格而无法获得免费校餐。另有200，000人有资格，但由于注册不是自动的，因此尚未获得它们。)”可知，经济状况调查由于资格标准过于严格，使大约80万左右生活贫困的儿童无法获得免费校餐，另有20万儿童有资格但也不能获得免费校餐，因为入学没有自动登记，故选B项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了伦敦市长从九月开始将为所有小学生提供免费校餐的改革计划，并且解释了该计划的理由及其潜在的好处，故选C项。
36．B 37．G 38．C 39．D 40．F

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了动物专家提出的几条关于如何从救助中心领养宠物的建议。
36．根据前文的“Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people wanting to add an animal companion. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred dogs and cats. (收养宠物正迅速成为许多想要增加动物伴侣的人的首选。的确，许多人很乐意为纯种狗和猫支付数千美元。)可知，很多人乐意花大钱购买纯种宠物，B项 (动物专家给出了如何领养宠物的建议。)与上文衔接通顺且总起下文。故选B。
37．根据前文的“Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce, hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog.(无家可归的动物可以成为很好的宠物。人们通常认为猫狗最终会被关进收容所，因为它们不受欢迎或行为不端。主人可能有很多理由需要重新安置他们的宠物——离婚，住院，或者照顾一只狗需要时间和金钱。)”可知，本段接下来要介绍动物到救助中心的不同原因，G项 (有些猫狗走失了，身份不明，也从来没有人认领过。)符合语境。故选G。
38．根据前文的“Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs.(成年动物有好处。收容所有很多潜在的宠物，收养一只更成熟的狗或猫有很多好处。不从头开始有助于避免小狗的疯狂和混乱。他们已经接种了疫苗，所以你的启动成本会更低。)”和下文的“A young animal’s behaviour may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behaviour should be evident, so no surprises.(幼年动物的行为可能仍在发展中，而年长动物的个性和行为应该是明显的，所以这并不奇怪。)”可知，我们所看到的动物就是我们应该得到的宠物，因此C项 (最重要的是，你所看到的就是你所得到的。)符合语境。故选C。
39．根据后文的“You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask you lots of questions to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things don’t word out. (你只能从值得信赖的收容所或救援组织领养一只狗或猫。道德机构将有一名行为训练师来评估每只狗和猫的性格。工作人员应该问你很多问题来推荐最合适的宠物。应该提供持续的行为和训练建议，如果事情没有进展，你应该能够归还宠物。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是从可靠的来源处选择收养宠物，D项 (从可靠的来源中选择合适的动物。)符合语境。故选D。
40．根据前文的“There’s something else to keep in mind. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle, not a pet you feel sorry for. (还有一些事情需要记住。重要的是，你选择一只适合你生活方式的宠物，而不是一只你感到遗憾的宠物。)”可知，选择了就要好好照顾，根据后文的“There’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing animals appropriately. (适当管理动物有很多责任。)”可知，这也意味着要承担责任，F项(你需要仔细考虑你将如何照顾它。)符合语境，故选F项。

41．C 42．D 43．B 44．D 45．D 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．A 52．C 53．A 54．D 55．D 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．B 60．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者怎么从失去亲人的痛苦中走出来的过程。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸今天冲浪时心脏病发作了。A. operation操作；B. beat拍打；C. attack攻击；D. transplant移植。由下文“He’s dead”可知，作者父亲由于“心脏病( heart attack)”而死亡的。故选C项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跪在草地上，抽泣着发抖。A. slipped滑倒；B. attached附着；C. adjusted调整；D. sunk沉没，下沉。由上文“He’s dead. I’m so sorry.”可知，作者听到父亲去世的消息，情绪失控，“跪倒(sink to one’s knees)”在地。故选D项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跪在草地上，抽泣着发抖。 A. jumping跳跃；B. shaking摇动，颤抖；C. staring凝视；D. pretending假装。由上文“He’s dead. I’m so sorry.” I 　3　 to my knees in the grass”可知，作者听到父亲去世的消息，精神上受到巨大打击，所以“颤抖”着哭泣。故选B项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我订了一张去我妈妈的单程票。A. sold卖出；B. grabbed抓住；C. spotted看见；D. booked预订。由下文“ on the way to the airport”可知，这里作者“订”了一张机票。故选D项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的回应让我松了一口气。A. advice建议；B. sigh叹气；C. profile轮廓；D. response回答，回复。由下文“I am so sorry! Please take whatever time you need.”可知，导师的“回复”让作者有了一些安慰。故选D项。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，我的研究几乎没有在脑海中闪过，我的导师以无条件的善意提醒我。A. barely几乎没有；B. secretly秘密地；C. eventually最终地；D. constantly不断地。由下文“uninterested in my research”可知，作者还一直沉沦在失去父亲的痛苦中，“几乎没有”心思考虑研究。故选A项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，我的研究几乎没有在脑海中闪过，我的导师以无条件的善意提醒我。A. alternative可供选择的事物；B. kindness善良，善意；C. patience耐心；D. tolerance容忍。由下文“Please don’t feel any pressure”可知，作者导师在“善意”提醒他。故选B项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：请不要感到任何压力，赶紧回实验室。A. ring打电话；B. flee逃；C. rush冲；D. ride骑。由下文“force a 　10　　 to school”可知，这里导师劝作者“返回(rush back to )”实验室。故选C项。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：离开一个月后，我觉得对我来说最好的事情就是强迫我回学校。A. best最好的；B. quickest最快的；C. easiest最容易的；D. craziest最疯狂的。由下文“force a 　10　　 to school”以及结合文意可知，作者认为走出悲痛“最好的”方式就是回学校。故选A项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：离开一个月后，我觉得对我来说最好的事情就是强迫我回学校。A. reward奖励；B. reply回复；C. refund退款；D. return回来，返回。由上文“Please don’t feel any pressure to 　8　　 back to lab”可知，这里应指“返回”学校。故选D项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当研究生和教授们表达同情时，我感到尴尬和孤独。A. sympathy同情；B. gratitude感恩；C. promise承诺；D. comments评论。由上文“He’s dead”可知，这里应指人们对作者失去亲人而表现的“同情”。故选A项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对自己的研究不感兴趣。A. unbearable难以忍受的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unproductive产量少的，效果不佳的；D. unavailable不可用的。由下文“uninterested in my research”可知，作者没有心思做研究，所以研究“效果不佳的”。故选C项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始怀疑我对科学的迷恋是否还会回来。A. science科学；B. life寿命；C. family家庭；D. travel长途行走。由上文“ in my research”可知，这里应指作者对“科学”研究的迷恋。故选A项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不太了解她，但她身上的某些东西让我敞开了心扉。A. treat治疗；B. respect尊重；C. acknowledge确认；D. know知道。由下文“but something about her made me 　15 ”可知，虽然作者不是很“了解”她，但她身上的东西触动了作者。故选D项。
55．考查动词词组辨析。句意：我不太了解她，但她身上的某些东西让我敞开了心扉。A. take over接管；B. work out算出；C. keep on保持；D. open up开放，敞开。由下文“I broke into tears”可知，她让作者“敞开了”心扉，释放出自己的情感。故选D项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我哭了，她和我分享了她在研究生期间失去亲人的经历。A. meeting会见；B. losing失去；C. guiding引导；D. worrying担心。由上文“He’s dead”可知，作者失去了亲人，而她也“失去”亲人的经历让作者有所感触。故选B项。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我回来后第一次感到有点宽慰。 A. engaged忙的，使用中的；B. moved感动的；C. relieved如释重负的；D. satisfied满意的。由上文“I broke into tears”可知，作者情感得到了释放，所以感到“如释重负的”。故选C项。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我慢慢地开始感觉每天都有点正常了。A. normal正常的；B. secure安全的；C. professional专业的；D. remarkable非凡的。由上文“I felt embarrassed and isolated by my sadness.”可知，作者以前因悲伤而感到尴尬和孤立，而现在慢慢开始恢复“正常”了。故选A项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍在学习如何处理我的悲伤。 A. anxiety焦虑；B. grief悲伤；C. desire欲望；D. prospect展望。由下文“That sadness will never go away.”可知，作者现在还在学习如何处理自己的“悲伤”。故选B项。
60．考查动词词组辨析。句意：但我也为自己继续坚持下去而感到自豪。A. took over接管；B. carried on继续；C. turned up出现；D. dropped out退出。由上文“I am still learning how to handle my 　19　　. ”可知，作者还在“继续”处理自己的悲伤。故选B项。

61．the 62．flying 63．which 64．is 65．of 66．designers 67．equipment 68．to carry 69．is connected 70．usable

【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要讲中国天宫空间站的第三个主要部件“梦天”空间实验室舱于周一下午发射，这是完成天宫在轨组装的关键一步。
61．考查冠词。句意：中国天宫空间站的第三个主要部件“梦天”空间实验室舱于周一下午发射，这是完成天宫在轨组装的关键一步。分析句子可知，序数词 third 前面应加定冠词，表“第三个”。故填the。
62．考查动名词。句意：在飞行了八分多钟后，火箭将航天器送入近地轨道，距离天宫飞行的地面近400公里。分析句子可知，介词After后面应加动名词作宾语。故填flying。
63．考查定语从句。句意：在飞行了八分多钟后，火箭将航天器送入近地轨道，距离天宫飞行的地面近400公里。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为a low-Earth orbit ，在从句中作状语，所以可用in which。故填which。
64．考查时态。句意：据上海航天技术研究院的设计师介绍，该实验室模块长约17.9米，直径4.2米，重量超过23公吨。分析句子可知，这里考查系动词，且由后面has和weighs可知，这里时态应用一般现在时。故填is。
65．考查介词。句意：据上海航天技术研究院的设计师介绍，该实验室模块长约17.9米，直径4.2米，重量超过23公吨。a diameter of表“直径为”，为固定搭配。故填of。
66．考查名词复数。句意：据上海航天技术研究院的设计师介绍，该实验室模块长约17.9米，直径4.2米，重量超过23公吨。分析句子可知，这里应指“设计者”，所以应用designer，再由句意可知，这里应用复数形式。故填designers。
67．考查名词。句意：船上的科学设备将用于进行流体物理学、材料科学、燃烧科学和基础物理学的实验。分析句子可知，形容词Scientific后面应加名词，且equipment表“设备”，为不可数名词。故填equipment。
68．考查不定式。句意：船上的科学设备将用于进行流体物理学、材料科学、燃烧科学和基础物理学的实验。分析句子可知，这里考查be used to do sth 表“被用来做某事”。故填to carry。
69．考查时态语态。句意：“梦天”与天宫对接后，空间站将最终形成一个T形结构，宇航员的可用空间将达到110立方米。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，Mengtian与connect为被动关系，再根据主将从现可知，这里时态应用一般现在时。故填is connected。
70．考查形容词。句意：“梦天”与天宫对接后，空间站将最终形成一个T形结构，宇航员的可用空间将达到110立方米。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词space。故填usable。
71．1.looks→look   2.what→which   3.dangerously→dangerous   4.salts→salt    5.either→too
6.on→of       7.删除the      8.and→or      9.在go前加to     10.closing→closed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了雪使一切看起来崭新而明亮，但下雪并不总是有趣。
【详解】1.考查不定式。句意：雪是美丽的，使一切看起来崭新而明亮。make+sb/sth+省略to的动词不定式表示“使某人/某物做某事”，不定式后的动词应为动词原形，并省略to，故将looks改为look。
2.考查定语从句。句意：在多雪的国家，人们通常会早起除雪，当雪湿时，积雪可能非常大。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为people usually wake up early to remove snow，故将what改为which。
3.考查形容词。句意：冰雪使道路变得危险。分析句子可知此处应为形容词修饰roads，故将dangerously改为dangerous。
4.考查名词。句意：工人不得不在道路上撒盐。salt为不可数名词，故将salts改为salt。
5.考查副词。句意：暴风雪也会引起问题。either用于否定句中，表示“两者之一”，too场用于句末，之前用逗号，表示“也”，故将either改为too。
6.考查介词。句意：它们会带来很多雪，有时甚至超过一英尺的雪！a foot of表示“一英尺”，故将on改为of。
7.考查冠词。句意：有时，房屋没有水或电。at times表示“有时”，at the times表示“当时”，结合句意可知此处表示“有时”，故删除the。
8.考查连词。句意：有时，房屋没有水或电。在否定句中并列连词用or，故将and改为or。
9.考查不定式。句意：在暴风雨期间，上班或上学是不安全的。it’s+adj+to do sth表示“做某事是……的”，故在go前加to。
10.考查被动语态。句意：道路、企业和学校被关闭。Roads, businesses and schools与close之间为被动关系，故将closing改为closed。
72．One possible version:
Good morning, everybody! May I have your attention, please?
In order to enrich our school life and build up our body, a pingpong match will be held next Wednesday. The details are as follows.
First, the match will begin at eight o’clock on next Wednesday morning on the school playground. Second, participants should sign up before 6 pm next Monday in the office of the Student Union. Anyone who is interested in pingpong can sign up for it. More importantly, students taking part should prepare their own equipment in advance, such as a pingpong racket.
That’s all, thank you.
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。题目要求考生为班级将于下周三举行的乒乓球比赛写一则口头通知，需介绍比赛时间与地点，说明报名截止时间，提醒参赛者自带装备。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
比赛：match→competition, contest
首先：first→initially, to begin with, in the first place
参加：take part→participate, join
提前：in advance→ahead of time, ahead
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to enrich our school life and build up our body, a pingpong match will be held next Wednesday.
拓展句：A pingpong match will be held next Wednesday so that we can enrich our school life and build up our body.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Anyone who is interested in pingpong can sign up for it. (运用了who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] More importantly, students taking part should prepare their own equipment in advance, such as a pingpong racket. (运用了现在分词短语taking part作后置定语)