考点2 阅读理解之间接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（学生版）

这是一份考点2 阅读理解之间接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考专用）（学生版），共19页。试卷主要包含了 命题规律及备考策略等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点2 阅读理解之间接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）

1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布
考点
题型
细节理解
阅读理解
2023
试卷类型
阅读
考点
2023新高考I卷
阅读21、22、23、24、26、28、33
细节理解
2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35
细节理解
2022
2022·新高考I卷
阅读22、25、26、27、32、33
细节理解
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34
细节理解
2021
2021·新高考I卷
阅读21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32
细节理解
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷
阅读21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34
细节理解



2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中的细节理解的考查共计48次，主要考查：
1．根据阅读文章理解文中的直接信息；
2．根据阅读文章理解文中的间接信息（主要识别同义句表达）；
3. 根据文章内容进行简单的计算；
4. 根据文章信息进行过程或时间顺序的排列；
5. 根据文章信息查找本文内容相同的部分；
【备考策略】系统归类细节理解的方法，尤其是同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
2024年阅读理解对细节理解的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查直接信息、间接信息（同义句表达）和数字计算。

【2024年高考命题预测】
细节理解之间接信息考点是高考中的必考点。直接信息考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找到答案，选项和文章内容一致。预测在2024高考中，间接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试题中呈现。
【细节理解之间接信息考点指南】
命题意图：我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，也就是说，看了文章之后我们知道了什么，我们找到了我们需要的信息。通过阅读广告信息我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。
间接信息题的核心是识别同义句表达。最常用的方法是：1.采用同义词改写选项或题干；2.用反义词改写选项或题干，采用正话反说的方式；3.采用相关句式改写。

1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
A
Bike rental & guided tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices


Hand Brake,
Three Gears
Foot Brake,
No Gears
1 hour
7.50
5.00
3 hours
11.00
7.50
1 day
(24 hours)
14.75
9.75
Each
additional day
8.00
6.00
　　Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
(　)21.What is an advantage of MacBike?
A.It gives children a discount.
B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
(　)28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.

3.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
4.D【保定一模】
Extremely energetic light from space is an unexplained wonder. Scientists don't know where that light comes from, exactly. And now astronomers have spotted this light, called gamma（伽马）rays，at higher energies than ever before.
You can't see gamma rays with your eyes. They are much more energetic than the light that we can see. So you need a fancy detector to spot them. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, LHAASO, is an experiment in China. It searches for extremely high energy gamma rays.
Scientists have spotted 12 gamma-ray hot spots. These are parts of the sky from which the gamma rays are sent out. Those hot spots show that our galaxy, the Milky Way, has powerful particle accelerators（加速器），But those particle accelerators aren’t made by humans. Instead. they come from violent events in the universe. They might be exploding stars, for example. Such violent events make electric and magnetic fields，which can speed up protons（质子）and electrons. Those fast particles can then produce gamma rays with a lot of energy. That can happen when protons interact with other matter in space, for example.
Scientists aren't sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed. But the new observations point to two possibilities. One hot spot was associated with the Crab Nebula, That’s the remains of an exploded star. Another possible source was the Cygnus Cocoon, That’s a region where massive stars are forming. The stars send out intense winds in the process.
LHAASO is located on Haizi Mountain in China's Sichuan province. It is not yet fully operational. It’s due to be completed later this year. Then, it could find even more gamma rays.
32.What can we learn about gamma rays?
A. They are invisible. B. They are often ignored.
C. They contain little energy. D. They are used to explore universe.
34.Which word can describe the astronomical observation mentioned in this text?
A. Disappointing. B. Exciting.
C. Accurate. D. Unconfirmed.




【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
5．Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A．He took it for a tablet computer. B．He disliked the colorful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa. D．He wanted to read it by himself.
6．What does the author think of himself?
A．Socially ambitious. B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent. D．Digitally competent.
7．What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A．He lacks experience in his job. B．He seldom appears on television.
C．He manages a video department. D．He often interviews internet stars.
规律方法：如何解决间接细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题识别题干中的关键词，找出文章中相应内容的同义词，有时从选项中找关键词，然后定位文章中的同义词。
细节题的设题方式：
(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。
According to the passage, when / where / what / who / why / how (many)….
例如：
When / Where did the story happen?
What did the author think about after getting up?
Who is Lucy according to the passage?
Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?
How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
(2) 文段篇章细节题
Which of the following is (not) true / false according to the passage?
From the passage, we can learn that ______.
According to passage, we know that ______.
(3) 排序题
Choose the right time order of the following events in ...
1. 判断关键词
(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：
a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最高级），动词，名词。
b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can you learn from the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定位词，方法一致。
(2) 划出关键词。如：
1.Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）
2.The TV ads of Sparrow ______.
大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）
3.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.
数字
4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy?
数字（时间），大写字母开头的词
5.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ______.
数字（英文时间）
6.We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.
形容词
7.We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.
数字（时间）
8.At the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ______.
数字（英文时间）
9.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?
形容词，数字（时间）
10.While the Bowler family was living in the 1900 house, ______.
大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）
2. 关键词回文定位
即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。

2022年全国高考英语试题乙卷之A篇
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in
Raeburn’s Portraits
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the
18th Century
Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday— Saturday 10.00 — 17.45 Sunday 12.00 — 17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24 — 26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.

2021年新高考II卷之C篇
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.

基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试】
Kelsie Dolin’s grandmother always encouraged her to try new things, often pushing her out of her comfort zone. One way that her grandmother tried to push her out of her comfort zone was by encouraging her to sing more, especially in public. Kelsie gave it a shot, but it didn’t turn out like she’d hoped.
Kelsie couldn’t help but notice the unusual number of American Idol advertisements she’d come across that were made to get people to audition (试镜). Finally, it reached a point where she took it as a sign for her to take another chance on singing.
This was a big change for the shy, down-to-earth young woman who was only 18 at the time. As someone who grew up in Boone County, West Virginia and had never been on a plane before, just getting to the audition would mean experiencing a lot of firsts. But once her plane ride was over, it was time for her to step out of her comfort zone in a major way: Not only was she about to perform for the first time ever, but she was about to do so in front of judges Katy Perry, Luke Bryan, and Lionel Richie.
Kelsie chose to sing “Piece by Piece” by Kelly Clarkson, a fitting song since it comes from the first-ever winner of American Idol. The judges were impressed by her vocals (唱功), but they could tell that Kelsie’s nerves were holding her back. After much encouragement, they asked if she could sing the second song she had prepared: “When We Were Young” by Adele. At first, Kelsie’s confidence remained about the same. But as Perry shouted out instructions to cheer her up and bring her out of her shell, something magical happened.
As she reached the chorus (副歌), Kelsie found the strength to sing, bringing tears to Richie’s eyes. All three judges were so proud of Kelsie for her great first performance. They couldn’t help but say the magic words “You are going to Hollywood!”
4．What did Kelsie’s grandmother ask her to do?
A．Sing at home. B．Try something new.
C．Watch advertisements. D．Stay in her comfort zone.
5．Why was it a big change for Kelsie to go to the audition?
A．She became very shy. B．She took a plane for the first time.
C．She first showed in an advertisement. D．She would experience many new things.
6．What was the judges’ purpose of asking Kelsie to sing the second song?
A．To attract more audience. B．To help her overcome nerves.
C．To make her understand instructions. D．To encourage her to remain the confidence.
7．What can we know from the judges’ words in the last paragraph?
A．Kelsie was moved. B．Kelsie’s effort paid off.
C．The judges were tough. D．The judges performed well.
2.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟】
During my first year in college. I didn’t speak even though I was in a program called the Great Conversation. I was too afraid of saying something wrong.
I took a class from Barbara as a second year student. My mind was split open by the quality of Barbara’s questions. I finally had something to say and the energy to say it. I was a frequent visitor during Barbara’s office hours.
In my junior year, Barbara announced the birth of her daughter. Maggie. That time I still knew little about her life. During my senior year, when Barbara was my essay adviser, I became Maggie’s babysitter. She had to leave to teach her class. I sang Maggie lullabies(摇篮曲), fed her tiny cheese cubes, and gave her hot milk. And also in the same year, with Barbara’s help, I finished my essay successfully and graduated as an outstanding student.
During the six years after graduation, I visited Barbara and her husband often. Our relationship gradually deepened, but I was always conscious of a teacher-student relationship.
It was another two years later that this changed fundamentally when I became a parent and had my son in 2010, and Barbara was one of the first to congratulate me. When, nine months later, my child was diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease, a serious and rare illness, she sent me a letter handwritten on a white legal pad(信笺薄). For the next two and a half years, Barbara wrote me regular, sometimes weekly, remarkable letters that are revealing, loving, and kind.
When I began writing about my son in a very public blog format, Barbara responded to each post.
Through our back-and-forths, I began to realize that I hadn’t really known her at all—not until now, as she revealed more about herself than she ever had. A little over a year ago, she wrote, “I’m sending you lots of love and positive thoughts. Hope you feel it.” I did, and I do. Yes, we had decades of shared history behind us, but now we had gotten to know and love each other as women, mothers and equals.
4．Why didn’t the author speak in the program the Great Conversation?
A．She actually had nothing to say to her teacher.
B．She had no opportunity to speak in Barbara’s class.
C．She feared making some mistakes.
D．She was too proud to say something.
5．When did the author become her teacher’s babysitter?
A．When she was a college freshman. B．When she was a fourth-year college student.
C．When she was a third-year college student. D．When she was a postgraduate.
6．How many years had the author known her teacher Barbara when she had her own son?
A．Nine. B．Eleven. C．Twelve. D．Fourteen.
7．Which of the following best describes Barbara?
A．Thoughtful and positive. B．Outgoing and creative.
C．Easygoing and ambitious. D．Dutiful and humorous.
3.【2023届湖北省武汉市武昌区高三5月质量检测】
The Daintree rainforest is overflowing with flora (植物群) and fauna (动物群) not found anywhere else in the world. It is also believed to be the oldest continual area of tropical rainforest in existence. With more than half of the world’s rainforests already destroyed,  here’s why it is important to help support activities to ensure this impressing part of Australia can’t be developed.
HalfCut is an innovative charity created in 2017 which is helping to save the Daintree rainforest in Far North Queensland. In fact, during the covid lockdowns of 2021, they helped raise more than $1.2 million for the Daintree “buy back” program which protected over 500,000 square metres of endangered Daintree rainforest. This is equal to 123.55 footbal fields worth of tropical rainforest.
Anyone wanting to support the protection of the Daintree is welcome by HalfCut. Created by James Standon-Cooke and life partner Jessie Clarke, this environmental activity is challenging you to cut off half of your hair, beard or moustache, since half stylish face makeup, baking goods, and even the odd half cut lawn have been popular more recently. If you feel like spending hundreds of dollars in colouring, then style your hair a different shade or braid (编) half of your hair, undercut or even get a normal haircut showing half of the length removed. Visit www. Go. HalfCut. org to share your new hairdo on social media with friends and family to help raise money. Every $2. 50 is one more square metre saved of the world’s oldest rainforest. It is up to you how long you stay halfcut. It may be for a day, a week or even a month. All money donated helps protect Daintree Rainforest in Far North Queensland which provides crucial habitat for many endangered species.
Don’t want to mess with your perfect hair? Then help spread the word by buying a HalfCut T-shirt, bag, hat or jacket and save 10 square metres of rainforest for life per purchase, or simply make a donation to this great cause. It is all about doing your bit to help to protect the oldest rainforest in the world.
4．Why do people protect the Daintree rainforest?
A．It hasn’t been developed. B．Half of it has been destroyed.
C．It has unique ecological diversity. D．It’s the biggest tropical rainforest.
5．What can we know about HalfCut according to the passage?
A．It has helped save 123. 55 football fields.
B．It raises money online for rainforest protection.
C．It leads the fashion trend in the hairdressing industry.
D．It donates $2. 50 to rainforest protection for each customer.
6．What do the last two paragraphs talk about?
A．The origin of HalfCut. B．The development of HalfCut.
C．The services offered by HalfCut. D．The ways people can get involved in HalfCut.
7．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To inform people of the achievements of HalfCut.
B．To advocate readers to support HalfCut and save forest.
C．To introduce current situation of the Daintree rainforest.
D．To raise government’s awareness of protecting environment.
4.【2023届辽宁省沈阳市高三教学质量监测（三）】
Many years ago, when I was in high school and working weekends to pay for the extras — like a class trip, that my family couldn’t really afford, I lost my wallet.
One day, my old car required putting gas in the back. I paid and drove off, my wallet slipping out of my pocket. I hadn’t even had time to miss it when a man phoned and asked me if I had lost my wallet. I checked it and to my horror, I had. He asked me to tell him how much money was in it. He then told me where to pick up my wallet.
As I pulled into his driveway, I noticed his disabled van and the ramp (坡道) going up to the house. I was thinking that there is no way this man easily got my wallet. He had to pull over his van, get in his wheelchair, lower the lift, and then pick it up. I was just astonished.
I knocked on the door and he let me in. I thanked him like 10 times. I was stuck, though. While I didn’t want to insult (冒犯) him by offering money, I really felt like offering something. So I asked him if there was anything I could do to repay his kindness, and he said “Just pass my kindness on”. I said I would be certain to do that, as I was raised to be honest on any account. I wanted to repay his kindness, so I wholeheartedly promised.
Well, one does not find many wallets and so it was about 10 years later that I found one. It took me several days to track down the man to whom the wallet belonged. He lived in another state. I hated going through his wallet, but I finally located him through a business card he had in it. He was actually surprised his money was still in the wallet and he tried to hand me a $20. I told him “Thanks, but just pass my kindness on”.
4．How did the finder make sure the wallet belonged to the author?
A．He phoned the gas station. B．He checked the amount of money.
C．He went through the wallet. D．He asked where the wallet was lost.
5．How did the author feel when he realized the finder’s being disabled?
A．Satisfied. B．Shocked. C．Delighted. D．Horrified.
6．What did the author do to thank the disabled man in paragraph 4?
A．He accepted the man’s proposal. B．He handed the man some money.
C．He passed the man’s kindness on. D．He put the money into an account.
7．What lesson can we learn from the text?
A．Kindness can be passed on. B．Finders keepers, losers weepers.
C．Kindness lives in our heart. D．One good turn deserves another.
5.【2024届山西省大同市高三6月学情调研】
I’m Savannah and I remember beginning to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving, I thought about all the places I was going to see — the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving and never to come back to was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of being positive but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost — having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times.”
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with immigration (移民) officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences, I have learned one important rule: Almost all common troubles go away at last! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
4．What did Savannah miss most about home when leaving for America?
A．Her dear friends and relatives. B．The radio programme for pupils.
C．The country she was leaving. D．The places she was familiar with.
5．What was Savannah’s attitude to her life changes in New York?
A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Pessimistic. D．Desperate.
6．Why was Savannah increasingly responsible in her family?
A．For her family moved more frequently. B．For her mother ended up in divorce.
C．For her English was better than others. D．For she disagreed with her stepfather.
7．What does Savannah think about her future life?
A．Her future will be loaded with more troubles. B．It will be difficult to learn to become mature.
C．There will be more good days than expected. D．Good things will happen if she keeps trying.

真题感知
1. [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]

B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
(　)24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A.She used to be a health worker.
B.She grew up in a low-income family.
C.She owns a fast food restaurant.
D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
(　)25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the programme?
A.The kids’ parents distrusted her.
B.Students had little time for her classes.
C.Some kids disliked garden work.
D.There was no space for school gardens.
(　)26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme?
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
(　)27.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Rescuing school gardens
B.Experiencing country life
C.Growing vegetable lovers
D.Changing local landscape
2. [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you?re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
(　)32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
(　)33.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A.To compare different types of park-goers.
B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyse the main features of the park.
D.To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
(　)34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
(　)35.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A.Language study.
B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education.
D.Intercultural communication.
3.[2023·全国甲卷]
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
(　)24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
(　)25.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day?
A.For a birthday gift.
B.As a treat for her work.
C.To support her DIY projects.
D.To encourage her to take up a hobby.
(　)26.How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A.By making it look like before.
B.By furnishing it herself.
C.By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D.By cancelling the rental agreement.
(　)27.What trend in DIY does the research show?
A.It is becoming more costly.
B.It is getting more time-consuming.
C.It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D.It is gaining popularity among females.

4.2022年新高考I卷之B篇
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
5.2022年新高考I卷之D篇
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
7.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
(　)24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was fond of travelling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
(　)25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants.
D.To test the eco-machine.
(　)26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A.To review John’s research plans.
B.To show an application of John’s idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John’s invention.
(　)27.What is the basis for John’s work?
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.