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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists教课内容课件ppt
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists教课内容课件ppt，共40页。PPT课件主要包含了Grammar等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Learning bjectives
By the end f this sectin, yu will be able t:1. learn sme new wrds, such as severe, cntradictry and infectin;2. read abut hw Jhn Snw defeated “King Chlera”;3. learn abut the stages f scientific research;4. learn t read the infrmatin in a map and understand the meaning f symbls and illustratins;5. understand the significance f questining in scientific research.
T raise new questins, new pssibilities, t regard ld prblems frm a new angle, requires creative imaginatin and marks real advance in science. —Albert Einstein & Lepld Infeld
提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。
What is science?
Imaginatin, creativity, raising questins and new pssibilities, and lking at ld prblems frm a new angle.
What qualities did Einstein and Infeld think a scientist shuld have?
Science can be defined as the prcess f bserving and questining the wrld arund us.
Where d yu think this pht was taken? What are the students ding in the pht?Have yu ever been t a place like this? What was it like?Wuld yu like t wrk in such a field in the future? Why r why nt?
Yes, I have. I have cnducted chemistry experiments in the labratry at my schl. There are lts f beakers, Petri dishes, and ther tls and equipment there. We are set in teams and wrk tgether t cmplete experiments at varius wrkstatins.
I think it was taken in a chemistry labratry at schl. They lk like they are cnducting an experiment.
Yes, I think it wuld be very exciting! I am already very interested in chemistry.
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”
1. Wh is Jhn Snw?
2. What is “King Chlera”?
3. Hw did Jhn Snw defeat “King Chlera”?
Para 1:Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth. Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
The research backgrund
Para 2:In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. The ther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. It was crrect, but he still needed prf. Cnsequently, when an utbreak f chlera hit Lndn in 1854, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. He was determined t find ut why.
Stage 2: Ask a questin
Stage 1: Find a prblem
The first phase f scientific research
Para 3:Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). Hwever, sme husehlds (such as 20 and 21 Brad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had n deaths. These peple wrked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and s had nt drunk the water frm the pump. Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. What is mre, in anther part f Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died f chlera after mving away frm Brad Street. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day. As a result f this evidence, Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water carried chlera germs. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks.
Stage 4: Cllect data
The prcess f scientific research
Stage 3: Think f a methd
Stage 5: Analyze the results
Stage 7: Draw a cnclusin
Stage 6: Find supprting evidence
Para 4:The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste. Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn. Sme cmpanies sld water frm the River Thames that was plluted by raw waste. The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
The truth abut the spread f chlera
The results and significance (Snw’s cntributin t cntrlling the spread f chlera)
Para 5:Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. Hwever, chlera is still a prblem. Each year, millins f peple arund the wrld get chlera and many die frm it. Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. Fr this reasn, Snw is cnsidered the father f mdern epidemilgy.
7. draw a cnclusin
Backgrund (Wh is Jhn Snw?) (What is King Chlera?)
Hw?(the prcess)
Results and Significance
1. What? It is ne f _________ ________________________ because it causes __________ ________________________ ______________.2. When? ________________________3. Where? ________________________4. What cnsequence? ________________________
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth. Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
the mst feared diseases in the wrld
severediarrhea, dehydratin, and even death
In the early 19th century.
Millins f peple died.
1. Wh? A ________________ dctr wh even attended t ________________________ when she gave birth.2. What? He had a desire t ________________________ nce and fr all.
yung and famus
destry chlera
Queen Victria
1. What kind f map is it?2. What des “__” mean?3. What des “PH” mean? 4. What des 30, 31, ... refer t? 5. Hw many deaths were there in huse number 19 in Brad Street? 6. Which huse numbers had mre than fur deaths in Brad Street?7. Which huse numbers had n deaths in Brad Street?8. Where is the pump?
Nte —: 1 death PH: public huse 30, 31, …: numbers f huses
Public huse.
It’s Snw’s chlera map.
Numbers f huses.
Near huse number 40 in Brad Street.
14, 20, 21, 25, 27, 28, and 34.
16, 37, 38, and 40.
Read the passage again and cmplete the chart belw. Match the fllwing headers with the letters frm the chart. Write A-E in the blanks.
It was believed that Chlera was caused by bad _______ r germs in _____________.
Snw _________________ the places where the peple wh ______ had lived.
The pump water carried ___________.
The _______ f the pump was remved.
1. cnclusin ___ 2. evidence ___ 3. prcess ___ 4. slutin ___ 5. theries ___
marked n a map
chlera germs
mving away frm Brad Street
1. Q: What _______________________________________? A: Snw thught that chlera was caused by germs in fd r water.2. Q: Why _______________________________________? A: Snw had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.3. Q: Hw _______________________________________? A: The chlera threat was defeated thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw.
did Snw think chlera was caused by
did Snw have the handle f the pump remved
was the chlera threat defeated
Write ut the questins accrding t the answers.
In grups, discuss the fllwing questins.
What was the mst imprtant tl Snw used t defeat chlera? What cmmn medical tls, e.g., a micrscpe, didn’t he use? Why?
Hw has Jhn Snw’s wrk affected ur daily lives?
Wrds and Expressins
This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. (P2) 它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 例句She suffered frm severe depressin after lsing her jb. 她失业后患了严重的抑郁症。 Even petty mistakes culd bring n severe punishment. 就算是小错也可能带来严厉的惩罚。 We delayed ur hiking due t the severe weather cnditins. 由于天气恶劣，我们推迟了徒步旅行。拓展severely adv. 严重地；严厉地 severity n. 严重性
Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all. (P2) 然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。nce and fr all 最终地；彻底地 例句We need t settle this nce and fr all. 我们需要把这事一次解决。He called this a nce and fr all decisin. 他称这是不可改变的决定。
In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. (P2) 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。cntradictry /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 例句The advice I received was ften cntradictry. 我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。It was cntradictry t the existing facts. 那与存在的事实相矛盾。拓展cntradictin n. 矛盾；不一致
The ther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. (P2) 另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。infectin /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n. 感染；传染搭配mild/slight/severe infectin 轻微感染/严重感染 例句It culd lead t infectin and ther prblems. 它可能会导致感染或其他问题。A cld is an infectin f the upper respiratry tract. 感冒是上呼吸道的感染。拓展infect vt. 使感染；使传染 infectius adj. 传染的；传染性的
Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. (P2) 斯诺赞同第二种看法。subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）搭配subscribe t 同意；赞同subscribe t the view/belief/thery 赞同观点/信念/理论 例句I subscribed t a jurnal this year. 今年我订了一份期刊。We d nt subscribe t this thery. 我们不认同这项理论。拓展subscriber n. 订阅者；消费者；用户 subscriptin n. 订阅（费）；会费
It was crrect, but he still needed prf. (P2) 这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。prf /pruːf/ n. 证据；证明；检验 搭配psitive/cnclusive prf 确切的/确凿的证据living prf 活生生的例证例句Keep yur receipt as prf f purchase. 保存好收据作为购货凭证。Yu have n prf f my invlvement in anything. 你没有证据证明我参与了任何活动。拓展prve v. 证明，证实；证明是
There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). (P2) 宽街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅）。multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 n. 倍数 搭配multiple chice 多项选择的multiple stre 连锁商店例句She is a multiple jb hlder. 她是个兴趣多样的职业者。14, 21 and 28 are all multiples f 7. 14、21和28都是7的倍数。
Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. (P2) 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。blame /bleɪm/ vt. 责怪；指责；把……归咎于 n. 责备；指责 搭配blame sb/sth fr sth 因某事责怪某人/某事blame sth n sb/sth 把某事的责任归咎于某人/某事sb/sth is t blame (fr sth) 某人/某物（对某事）负有责任take/accept the blame 承担责任，承认是自己的错share the blame 共同承担责任例句Nthing can alter the fact that we are t blame. 错在我们，这是无法改变的事实。I culdn’t think f letting yu take the blame. 我没想到过让你承担责任。
Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks. (P2) 这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。interventin /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 介入；出面；干涉 例句He had timed his interventin well. 他选择介入的时机恰到好处。Usually n further interventin is required. 通常，不需更进一步的介入。 Gvernment interventin in a cmpetitive market is nt always a bad thing. 在竞争市场中，政府干预并不总是一件坏事。拓展intervene v. 干预，介入，插手；打岔，插话
... and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. (P3) ……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。substantial /səbˈstænʃl/ adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 搭配a substantial breakfast 丰盛的早餐a substantial salary 丰厚的薪水例句We need t make substantial ecnmies. 我们需要厉行节约。The scial services accunt fr a substantial part f public spending. 社会福利事业占了一大部分的公共支出。
... and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. (P3) ……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. （使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 搭配decrease frm ... t ... 从……降低到/减小到……a decrease in/f sth 某物的减少n the decrease 在减少例句The price f wheat has decreased by 15%. 小麦价格降低了15%。There is a decrease f nearly 6% in the number f visitrs t the museum. 参观博物馆人数下降将近6%。
Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. (P3) 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。thanks t 幸亏；由于 例句Thanks t that jb I became an avid reader. 多亏了那份工作，我才成了一个喜欢阅读的人。Thanks t yur help, we accmplished the task ahead f schedule. 亏得你们帮忙，我们才提前完成了任务。拓展thanks t = due t = wing t = because f = as a result f
Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. (P3) 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。transfrm /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 搭配transfrm sb/sth (frm sth) int sth 将某人/某物（从某物）转变为某物例句Slar energy can be transfrmed int pwer. 太阳能可以转化为能量。It was an event that wuld transfrm my life. 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。拓展transfrmatin n. （彻底的）改变；改观
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.(P2) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。句式剖析本句是一个复合句。It是主语，seemed是系动词，that the wman liked...是表语从句。引导的是结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中，had it delivered是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，由于it和deliver有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。例句It seems that he is nt quite himself tday. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。The car is s expensive that I can’t affrd it. 这辆车太贵了，我买不起。I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.(P2) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。句式拓展“have+宾语+过去分词形式”的用法：(1) 表示请（让）别人做某事Can I have this parcel weighed here? 我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?(2) 表示经历或遭遇了某事He had his finger cut this mrning. 今天早晨他把手指割破了。(3) 表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事I have had all my mistakes crrected. 我把所有的错误都改正了。(4) 表示容忍或允许做某事（用于否定句，尤其与wn’t, can’t 等连用）。We wn’t have anything said against the teacher. 我们不允许有人这样攻击老师。
The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.(P3) 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。句式剖析本句是一个复合句。句中两个wh引导的是定语从句，分别修饰the peple和thse。be likely t d...意为“可能做……”。例句Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。The price is likely t g dwn because f the cmpetitin. 由于竞争，价格可能会下降。Yu are likely t suffer frm bad health if yu keep smking. 如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。
Learning bjectives
By the end f this sectin, yu will be able t:1. learn sme new wrds, such as severe, cntradictry and infectin;2. read abut hw Jhn Snw defeated “King Chlera”;3. learn abut the stages f scientific research;4. learn t read the infrmatin in a map and understand the meaning f symbls and illustratins;5. understand the significance f questining in scientific research.
T raise new questins, new pssibilities, t regard ld prblems frm a new angle, requires creative imaginatin and marks real advance in science. —Albert Einstein & Lepld Infeld
提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。
What is science?
Imaginatin, creativity, raising questins and new pssibilities, and lking at ld prblems frm a new angle.
What qualities did Einstein and Infeld think a scientist shuld have?
Science can be defined as the prcess f bserving and questining the wrld arund us.
Where d yu think this pht was taken? What are the students ding in the pht?Have yu ever been t a place like this? What was it like?Wuld yu like t wrk in such a field in the future? Why r why nt?
Yes, I have. I have cnducted chemistry experiments in the labratry at my schl. There are lts f beakers, Petri dishes, and ther tls and equipment there. We are set in teams and wrk tgether t cmplete experiments at varius wrkstatins.
I think it was taken in a chemistry labratry at schl. They lk like they are cnducting an experiment.
Yes, I think it wuld be very exciting! I am already very interested in chemistry.
Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”
1. Wh is Jhn Snw?
2. What is “King Chlera”?
3. Hw did Jhn Snw defeat “King Chlera”?
Para 1:Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth. Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
The research backgrund
Para 2:In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. One thery was that bad air caused the disease. The ther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. It was crrect, but he still needed prf. Cnsequently, when an utbreak f chlera hit Lndn in 1854, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that in tw particular streets the chlera utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days. He was determined t find ut why.
Stage 2: Ask a questin
Stage 1: Find a prblem
The first phase f scientific research
Para 3:Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). Hwever, sme husehlds (such as 20 and 21 Brad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had n deaths. These peple wrked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and s had nt drunk the water frm the pump. Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. What is mre, in anther part f Lndn, a wman and her daughter had died f chlera after mving away frm Brad Street. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day. As a result f this evidence, Jhn Snw was able t annunce that the pump water carried chlera germs. Accrdingly, he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks.
Stage 4: Cllect data
The prcess f scientific research
Stage 3: Think f a methd
Stage 5: Analyze the results
Stage 7: Draw a cnclusin
Stage 6: Find supprting evidence
Para 4:The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste. Mrever, Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn. Sme cmpanies sld water frm the River Thames that was plluted by raw waste. The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
The truth abut the spread f chlera
The results and significance (Snw’s cntributin t cntrlling the spread f chlera)
Para 5:Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. Hwever, chlera is still a prblem. Each year, millins f peple arund the wrld get chlera and many die frm it. Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. Fr this reasn, Snw is cnsidered the father f mdern epidemilgy.
7. draw a cnclusin
Backgrund (Wh is Jhn Snw?) (What is King Chlera?)
Hw?(the prcess)
Results and Significance
1. What? It is ne f _________ ________________________ because it causes __________ ________________________ ______________.2. When? ________________________3. Where? ________________________4. What cnsequence? ________________________
Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared diseases in the wrld, until a British dctr, Jhn Snw, shwed hw it culd be vercme. This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. In the early 19th century, when an utbreak f chlera hit Eurpe, millins f peple died frm the disease. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw became frustrated because n ne knew hw t prevent r treat chlera. In time, he rse t becme a famus dctr, and even attended t Queen Victria when she gave birth. Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all.
the mst feared diseases in the wrld
severediarrhea, dehydratin, and even death
In the early 19th century.
Millins f peple died.
1. Wh? A ________________ dctr wh even attended t ________________________ when she gave birth.2. What? He had a desire t ________________________ nce and fr all.
yung and famus
destry chlera
Queen Victria
1. What kind f map is it?2. What des “__” mean?3. What des “PH” mean? 4. What des 30, 31, ... refer t? 5. Hw many deaths were there in huse number 19 in Brad Street? 6. Which huse numbers had mre than fur deaths in Brad Street?7. Which huse numbers had n deaths in Brad Street?8. Where is the pump?
Nte —: 1 death PH: public huse 30, 31, …: numbers f huses
Public huse.
It’s Snw’s chlera map.
Numbers f huses.
Near huse number 40 in Brad Street.
14, 20, 21, 25, 27, 28, and 34.
16, 37, 38, and 40.
Read the passage again and cmplete the chart belw. Match the fllwing headers with the letters frm the chart. Write A-E in the blanks.
It was believed that Chlera was caused by bad _______ r germs in _____________.
Snw _________________ the places where the peple wh ______ had lived.
The pump water carried ___________.
The _______ f the pump was remved.
1. cnclusin ___ 2. evidence ___ 3. prcess ___ 4. slutin ___ 5. theries ___
marked n a map
chlera germs
mving away frm Brad Street
1. Q: What _______________________________________? A: Snw thught that chlera was caused by germs in fd r water.2. Q: Why _______________________________________? A: Snw had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used.3. Q: Hw _______________________________________? A: The chlera threat was defeated thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw.
did Snw think chlera was caused by
did Snw have the handle f the pump remved
was the chlera threat defeated
Write ut the questins accrding t the answers.
In grups, discuss the fllwing questins.
What was the mst imprtant tl Snw used t defeat chlera? What cmmn medical tls, e.g., a micrscpe, didn’t he use? Why?
Hw has Jhn Snw’s wrk affected ur daily lives?
Wrds and Expressins
This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. (P2) 它可导致严重腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 例句She suffered frm severe depressin after lsing her jb. 她失业后患了严重的抑郁症。 Even petty mistakes culd bring n severe punishment. 就算是小错也可能带来严厉的惩罚。 We delayed ur hiking due t the severe weather cnditins. 由于天气恶劣，我们推迟了徒步旅行。拓展severely adv. 严重地；严厉地 severity n. 严重性
Hwever, he never lst his desire t destry chlera nce and fr all. (P2) 然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。nce and fr all 最终地；彻底地 例句We need t settle this nce and fr all. 我们需要把这事一次解决。He called this a nce and fr all decisin. 他称这是不可改变的决定。
In general, dctrs in thse days had tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. (P2) 关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。cntradictry /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 例句The advice I received was ften cntradictry. 我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。It was cntradictry t the existing facts. 那与存在的事实相矛盾。拓展cntradictin n. 矛盾；不一致
The ther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. (P2) 另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。infectin /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n. 感染；传染搭配mild/slight/severe infectin 轻微感染/严重感染 例句It culd lead t infectin and ther prblems. 它可能会导致感染或其他问题。A cld is an infectin f the upper respiratry tract. 感冒是上呼吸道的感染。拓展infect vt. 使感染；使传染 infectius adj. 传染的；传染性的
Snw subscribed t the secnd thery. (P2) 斯诺赞同第二种看法。subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）搭配subscribe t 同意；赞同subscribe t the view/belief/thery 赞同观点/信念/理论 例句I subscribed t a jurnal this year. 今年我订了一份期刊。We d nt subscribe t this thery. 我们不认同这项理论。拓展subscriber n. 订阅者；消费者；用户 subscriptin n. 订阅（费）；会费
It was crrect, but he still needed prf. (P2) 这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。prf /pruːf/ n. 证据；证明；检验 搭配psitive/cnclusive prf 确切的/确凿的证据living prf 活生生的例证例句Keep yur receipt as prf f purchase. 保存好收据作为购货凭证。Yu have n prf f my invlvement in anything. 你没有证据证明我参与了任何活动。拓展prve v. 证明，证实；证明是
There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Brad Street (especially huse numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40). (P2) 宽街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅）。multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 n. 倍数 搭配multiple chice 多项选择的multiple stre 连锁商店例句She is a multiple jb hlder. 她是个兴趣多样的职业者。14, 21 and 28 are all multiples f 7. 14、21和28都是7的倍数。
Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame. (P2) 斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。blame /bleɪm/ vt. 责怪；指责；把……归咎于 n. 责备；指责 搭配blame sb/sth fr sth 因某事责怪某人/某事blame sth n sb/sth 把某事的责任归咎于某人/某事sb/sth is t blame (fr sth) 某人/某物（对某事）负有责任take/accept the blame 承担责任，承认是自己的错share the blame 共同承担责任例句Nthing can alter the fact that we are t blame. 错在我们，这是无法改变的事实。I culdn’t think f letting yu take the blame. 我没想到过让你承担责任。
Thrugh this interventin, the disease was stpped in its tracks. (P2) 这一干预举措遏制了疾病的蔓延。interventin /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 介入；出面；干涉 例句He had timed his interventin well. 他选择介入的时机恰到好处。Usually n further interventin is required. 通常，不需更进一步的介入。 Gvernment interventin in a cmpetitive market is nt always a bad thing. 在竞争市场中，政府干预并不总是一件坏事。拓展intervene v. 干预，介入，插手；打岔，插话
... and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. (P3) ……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。substantial /səbˈstænʃl/ adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 搭配a substantial breakfast 丰盛的早餐a substantial salary 丰厚的薪水例句We need t make substantial ecnmies. 我们需要厉行节约。The scial services accunt fr a substantial part f public spending. 社会福利事业占了一大部分的公共支出。
... and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease. (P3) ……世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ n. 减少；降低；减少量 vt. & vi. （使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 搭配decrease frm ... t ... 从……降低到/减小到……a decrease in/f sth 某物的减少n the decrease 在减少例句The price f wheat has decreased by 15%. 小麦价格降低了15%。There is a decrease f nearly 6% in the number f visitrs t the museum. 参观博物馆人数下降将近6%。
Frtunately, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera, thanks t the wrk f Jhn Snw. (P3) 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。thanks t 幸亏；由于 例句Thanks t that jb I became an avid reader. 多亏了那份工作，我才成了一个喜欢阅读的人。Thanks t yur help, we accmplished the task ahead f schedule. 亏得你们帮忙，我们才提前完成了任务。拓展thanks t = due t = wing t = because f = as a result f
Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases. (P3) 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。transfrm /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变；转变 搭配transfrm sb/sth (frm sth) int sth 将某人/某物（从某物）转变为某物例句Slar energy can be transfrmed int pwer. 太阳能可以转化为能量。It was an event that wuld transfrm my life. 那是能够彻底改变我一生的一件事。拓展transfrmatin n. （彻底的）改变；改观
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.(P2) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。句式剖析本句是一个复合句。It是主语，seemed是系动词，that the wman liked...是表语从句。引导的是结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中，had it delivered是“have+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，由于it和deliver有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。例句It seems that he is nt quite himself tday. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。The car is s expensive that I can’t affrd it. 这辆车太贵了，我买不起。I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。
It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.(P2) 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。句式拓展“have+宾语+过去分词形式”的用法：(1) 表示请（让）别人做某事Can I have this parcel weighed here? 我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?(2) 表示经历或遭遇了某事He had his finger cut this mrning. 今天早晨他把手指割破了。(3) 表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事I have had all my mistakes crrected. 我把所有的错误都改正了。(4) 表示容忍或允许做某事（用于否定句，尤其与wn’t, can’t 等连用）。We wn’t have anything said against the teacher. 我们不允许有人这样攻击老师。
The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.(P3) 喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。句式剖析本句是一个复合句。句中两个wh引导的是定语从句，分别修饰the peple和thse。be likely t d...意为“可能做……”。例句Sme peple wh are successful language learners ften fail in ther fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。The price is likely t g dwn because f the cmpetitin. 由于竞争，价格可能会下降。Yu are likely t suffer frm bad health if yu keep smking. 如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。
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