高中英语Unit 1 Science and Scientists课前预习ppt课件

这是一份高中英语Unit 1 Science and Scientists课前预习ppt课件，共37页。

Learning bjectives
By the end f this sectin, yu will be able t:1. knw mre abut Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking;2. imprve writing skills by using linking wrds;3. learn hw t write an essay abut the scientific spirit;4. give feedback and learn frm each ther.
What d yu knw abut Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking?
Qian XuesenBrn in Hangzhu in 1911The Father f China’s AerspaceThe King f the RcketBe Awarded with the Medal f Tw Bmbs and One Satellite
Stephen HawkingBrn in Oxfrd, England in 1942Diagnsed with ALSA Brief Histry f TimeThe big bang therythe mst recgnisable physicist
Read the texts and decide if the statements are true (T) f false (F).
Qian changed his majr because f a shift in persnal interest. Qian’s strng interest in art has a psitive impact n a scientist’s develpment. When Hawking was yung, almst everyne believed that the universe began with a big bang. Because Hawking was determined, he was able t succeed even thugh he was ill.
Answer the questins belw using the infrmatin frm the texts.
Why was Qian called “the father f China’s aerspace”?
Hw was Hawking’s wn thery prven crrect?
Because much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets was based n his research.
Astrnmers used their telescpes t prve his wrk n the big bang thery.
Study the language and structure.
1. Underline the linking wrds and phrases in the passages, and describe their functin.
Hwever, after the Snghu Battle brke ut in 1932, that time, China was pr and its rcket science was undevelped.Nevertheless, Qian did nt let that discurage much f the technlgy behind the Shenzhu , what might have made him such an general, there were tw main being brilliant, he was brave, , he was quite determined.Abve all, Hawking was willing t admit his faults.
2. What is the functin f each paragraph in the passages?
Qian XuesenPara 1: Paras 2—5: Para 6: Para 7:
His persnality
His persnal histry and accmplishments
His death and peple’s appreciatin f him
Stephen HawkingPara 1: Para 2: Para 3:
His claim t fame
Characteristics that made him great
3. Find wrds that describe the persnalities f the scientists. Hw d the stries abut the scientists help illustrate these persnalities?
Qian Xuesen
Stephen Hawking
a man with “great scientific thught and scientific spirit” wh was patritic and served his hmeland with effrt, achievement and devtin;a pineer;did nt let that discurage him;determined; an utstanding and creative scientist;deep appreciatin fr art
brilliant;brave;smetimes careless in what he said r did;willing t say what thers were afraid t say;dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut;quite determined;willing t admit his faults
In the case f Qian Xuesen, we see his determinatin illustrated by his struggles and hw he vercame challenges. His stry als shws he was patritic and devted t his career. In the case f Stephen Hawking, we als see his determinatin in the face f difficulty thrugh the stries tld abut him. We als see his audacity.
Write an essay abut the scientific spirit.
1. In grups, discuss sme stries abut great scientists.
Newtn and the apple;Watsn dreaming f the structure f DNA;Fleming’s accidental discvery f penicillin;...
2. Using these stries as a basis, discuss the fllwing questins:
Apart frm being clever, what are the mst imprtant persnal qualities a scientist must have t be successful?Hw d these stries illustrate the scientific spirit?
A scientist must be lucky, t an extent, but a part f that luck is nticing what thers might glss ver. Fr example, Fleming nticed that smething was dd abut a sample in a Petri dish, and he did nt thrw it away. The intuitive and creative pwer f a great scientist als needs t be taken int accunt, as illustrated by Watsn’s dream which shwed him the structure f the DNA.
3. Nw wrk by yurself t write an essay abut the scientific spirit.
Great Scientific Minds When we cnsider the great minds f many centuries and ask the questin f what makes smene a great scientist, there are many aspects we shuld evaluate. But which nes are mst imprtant? Is it their inventins, cures, r slutins t prblems? Is it the persnal challenges they had t face? Or is it their verall character? Lking at the lives f Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking, sme cmmn characteristics surface: they are knwledgeable, gifted, self-sacrificing fr the greater gd f the cuntry r humanity, brave, and determined. In shrt, they have t tenaciusly chase dwn slutins t big prblems and nt let discuragement set in during their discvery prcess. We can see this in Qian Xuesen’s life, pineering t anther cuntry t wrk with and inspire like-minded peple in his field and t cllabrate n their wrk. We can see it in his vigur t return t China and lead their aerspace prgramme thrugh its birthing stages.
Sample Writing
We saw the determinatin and devtin t accuracy and truth n the part f Stephen Hawking frm his yungest days thrugh the decades he fught fr his bdy while his mind prgressed int the arena f geniuses. The definitin f scientific spirit is t, abve all else, be willing and able t grasp a prblem r a questin and nt let g f it until knwledge, creative pwer, and cllabratin have brught a clear answer. Then this same mind must believe in its findings enugh t bravely present them, prve, and perfect them fr the betterment f the quality and sustainability f life all ver the wrld. It is t lk squarely, ask questins, and never give up trying.
Exchange yur draft with a partner.
1. Use this checklist t help yu revise the draft.Des the writer explain clearly the persnal qualities that make up the scientific spirit?Des the writer give examples frm the lives f the scientist(s) t illustrate the pints?Des the writer describe the persnality f a great scientist?Des the writer use apprpriate linking wrds and phrases t tie the ideas tgether?Des the writer use separate paragraphs, each with its wn functin?2. Take yur draft back and revise it using yur partner’s cmments.
Wrds and Expressins
... because he realised that China needed its wn pwerful air frce t prtect and defend the cuntry. (P7) ……因为他意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家。defend /dɪˈfend/ vt. 保卫；防守；辩解 例句All ur fficers are trained t defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。 He has emplyed ne f the UK’s tp lawyers t defend him. 他请了英国一位顶尖律师为他辩护。拓展defence n. 防御；保护；保卫
As a graduate assistant at the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy during the 1930s, Qian helped cnduct imprtant research int rcket prpulsin... (P7) 二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进 方面的重要研究工作……assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ n. 助理；助手 例句My assistant will nw demnstrate the machine in actin. 现在我的助手将演示机器运转情况。 My jb is smewhere between a secretary and a persnal assistant. 我的工作介于秘书和私人助理之间。
He received a her’s welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China’s rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme. (P8) 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。in charge f 主管；掌管 例句He was the fficer in charge f peratins. 他是负责指挥作战行动的军官。He is in charge f the civilian side f the UN missin. 他在联合国使团中负责平民方面的事务。She demanded t knw wh was in charge f this actin. 她要求知道谁负责这次行动。
He received a her’s welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China’s rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme. (P8) 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。missile /ˈmɪsaɪl/ n. 导弹 例句The missile fell harmlessly int the sea. 导弹落到了海里，没有导致任何伤害。 At least 5 000 missiles were deplyed alng the brder. 沿边境至少部署了5000枚导弹。They claimed t have sht dwn ne incming missile. 他们声称击落了一枚来犯的导弹。
Under Qian’s leadership, China develped the Dngfeng missiles... (P8) 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹……leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 例句Strng leadership is needed t captain the team. 担任这个队的队长需要强有力的领导才能。 Leadership is abut the ability t implement change. 领导才能就是要有实施变革的能力。What mst peple want t see is determined, decisive actin and firm leadership. 大多数人希望看到的是果决的行动和强有力的领导作风。拓展lead v. 带领；领路；引领
Hwever, what might have made him such an utstanding and creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther things, such as music and drawing. (P8) 然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对 音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。utstanding /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的 例句These results are a further prf f his utstanding ability. 这些成果进一步证明了他的杰出才干。 His utstanding ability earned him a place n the team. 他非凡的能力为他在队中赢得了一席之地。 He’s knwn t be an utstanding physicist. 他被公认为一位杰出的物理学家。
Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and gifted scientists in physics. (P8) 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。gifted /ˈɡɪftɪd/ adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 例句She was a gifted teacher wh never talked dwn t her students. 她天生就是当老师的料，从来不用居高临下的口气对学生说话。 He was witty, amusing and gifted with a sharp business brain. 他机智诙谐，具有敏锐的商业头脑。 There are many gifted children in her class. 她班上有很多颇有天赋的孩子。
Since he came dwn with a disease which caused him t lse the use f mst f his muscles, his wrld became ne f abstract thught. (P8) 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。abstract /ˈæbstrækt / adj. 抽象的；理想的 n. （文献等的）摘要 例句He read thrugh the papers and made an abstract f their cntents. 他把那些论文都读了一遍并做了内容摘要。 It is easier t think in cncrete terms rather than in the abstract. 结合具体的事物来思考要比抽象思考容易些。The research shws that preschl children are capable f thinking in abstract terms. 研究表明，学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。
The biggest champin f the steady state cncept was Fred Hyle, a prfessr at Cambridge. (P8) 稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。cncept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念；观念 例句This cncept has been applied successively t painting, architecture and sculpture. 这一概念相继应用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。 He can’t grasp the basic cncepts f mathematics. 他无法掌握数学的基本概念。 Adults shuld understand the cncept f right and wrng. 成年人应该有是非观念。
Hawking’s wn wrk n the big bang thery was sn prven by astrnmers with telescpes. (P9) 不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。astrnmer /əˈstrɒnəmə(r)/ n. 天文学家 例句The astrnmer scanned the heavens thrugh the telescpe. 天文学家通过望远镜来观察天空。 Space scientists and astrnmers have taken anther step frwards. 航天科学家和天文学家又取得了进展。 He is reputed t have been a gd astrnmer. 他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。
Hawking’s wn wrk n the big bang thery was sn prven by astrnmers with telescpes. (P9) 不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。telescpe /ˈtelɪskəʊp/ n. 望远镜 例句The telescpe was pinting in the wrng directin. 望远镜对错了方向。 The infrmatin gathered by the telescpes will be prcessed by cmputers. 通过望远镜获得的信息将由计算机进行处理。 The space telescpe has taken the clearest pictures ever f Plut. 太空望远镜拍摄到了迄今为止最清晰的冥王星的照片。
Besides being brilliant, he was brave, thugh smetimes careless in what he said r did. (P9) 除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/ adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 例句I have had the gd frtune t wrk with sme brilliant directrs. 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。 The review is a brilliant piece f writing. 这篇评论很精彩。 Despite his basts that his children were brilliant, neither f them went t cllege. 尽管他夸赞他的两个孩子聪明，他们却都没念上大学。
Abve all, Hawking was willing t admit his faults. (P9) 最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。fault /fɔːlt/ n. 弱点；过错 例句The accident happened thrugh n fault f her wn. 这一事故的发生不是她本人的过错。 I think the wners are at fault fr nt warning us. 我认为业主没有提醒我们是有责任的。 Why shuld I say srry when it’s nt my fault? 不是我的错为什么要我道歉？
Qian changed his majr because f a shift in persnal interest. (P9) 钱学森因为个人兴趣爱好的改变而换了专业。shift /ʃɪft/ n. 改变；转换；轮班 vi. & vt. 转移；挪动；转向 例句There has been a shift f emphasis frm manufacturing t service industries. 重点已经从制造业向服务行业转移。 She shifted her weight frm ne ft t the ther. 她把身体的重量从一只脚换到另一只脚上。 We need t shift the fcus f this debate. 我们需要转换一下辩论的焦点。