高中英语Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元测试练习题

展开

这是一份高中英语Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元测试练习题，共14页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分5分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元测试卷
（考试时间：100分钟分值：100分）
班级：_________ 姓名：__________ 得分：__________

一、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
1. I don’t know how you __________ (忍受) that noise!
2. __________ (核能的) plants are expensive to build, though cheap to operate.
3. She burst into tears, __________ (释放) all her pent-up emotions.
4. The house should be __________ (适合居住的) by the new year.
5. It was a live __________ (广播节目), not a recording.
6. The wrestlers try to __________ (抓住) hold of each other.
7. On the floor of the __________ (盆地) lie deserts, lakes and swamps.
8. He was an effective supporter of __________ (改革).
9. How do you measure the __________ (体积) of the gas?
10. Such kindness __________ (恢复) your faith in human nature.

二、单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
1. To our shock, many children in underdeveloped regions die of __________ (starve).
2. We should take an active part in sports and outdoor activities _________ (frequent).
3. We risk upsetting the __________ (ecology) balance of the area.
4. But is throwing things away a ____________ (sustain) approach?
5. They were __________ (comprehensive) beaten in the final.
6. I enjoyed being able to go out and buy __________ (trend) clothes.
7. The government has agreed to lift __________ (restrict) on press freedom.
8. When is the final date for the __________ (submit) of proposals?
9. The exhibition is held __________ (annual).
10. He seems completely __________ (sensitive) to criticism. I think he doesn’t know what shame is.

三、完成句子（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
1. 二氧化碳太多是导致温室效应的最主要原因。
Too much _______________ is the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect.
2. 他们同意逐步减少而不是逐步淘汰煤炭和化石燃料。
They agreed to phase down rather than phase out coal and _______________.
3. 我谨代表全系感谢大家。
_______________ the department I would like to thank you all.

4. 有谣传许多人在那场大火中死亡。
There are rumors in the air that _______________ people died in the fire.
5. 这是一种可持续的生活，与自然和谐相处。
It’s a sustainable life, _______________ nature.

四、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Will you be crazy about these newlybuilt products that are not merely quite useful but also good to the environment? Come and see then!
Ecofriendly Umbrella
Traditional umbrellas come with a fixed surface. Although it is changeable, you cannot replace it easily. This eco-friendly design is more flexible. It is actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface, which can be folded, so you can put anything such as newspapers, plastic bags or whatever you want to serve as the protecting surface.
Pollutionsensitive Dress
Don’t be caught outside unaware of pollution levels in the air. The pollution-sensitive EPA dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly. This dress — which is actually quite pretty — looks like you pull it from the bottom of the dirty laundry pile when the air is dirty. It might protect your health by advising you to stay indoors for the day, but it won’t do you any favor if you’re meeting with clients.
Ecofriendly Car Racer
Can you image a car racer is so eco-friendly that its tyres are made from potatoes, its body is created from hemp (大麻) and rapeseed oil and it runs on fuel made from wheat and sugar beet? The one seater racing car called Eco One is built by experts from Warwick University, who hope that Eco One will be adopted by the automotive industry. It is sold at $51,000.
Ecofriendly Moss (苔藓) Carpet
Do you know it is said that walking on fresh grass can really increase your blood circulation? The Moss Carpet, created by Nguyen La Chanh, looks at getting the grass to your feet. The mat includes ball moss, island moss and forest moss. The humidity (湿度) of the bathroom ensures that it grows well. And that’s why you need to place it there and not anywhere else.

1. The EPA Dress is designed to .
A. discourage people from going out B. help meet with clients
C. improve people’s appearance D. inform people of air quality
2. What can we know about Eco One?
A. It can seat one passenger and one driver.
B. It can’t be afforded by the public at present.
C. It is mainly made from some kinds of plants.
D. It will take the place of the traditional car industry.
3. Where does the text probably come from?
A. A science report. B. A personal blog.
C. A health report. D. An official document.

B
Recently it is said that a dog has received an award for picking up a number of beer cans, coffee cups, and other pieces of trash, helping clean up her neighborhood in the process. It’s unclear if Daisy is aware of her service, but her help has not gone unnoticed, by any means.
In fact, it is reported that this nine-year-old dog has picked up more than 5,000 pieces of rubbish. Daisy has been collecting rubbish for the last eight years, at least two times a day. Coming from the city of Worcester in the United Kingdom, Daisy has become the first dog to receive an honor from the mayor (市长). Unlike other dogs, Daisy prefers sniffing around for beer cans among other things. She carries them back home to her owner, Judy Owens, who then takes her pet’s offerings and recycles them.
“I wish Daisy understood how special she was and the award just marks what a special little dog she is,” Judy said. “She started picking up rubbish when she was around a beer can and I think she discovered it by accident.”
“One day she just sniffed out a beer can, then began picking it up,” she continued. “She gets very attached to rubbish, and she must think it’s some kind of treasure.”
Daisy has become something of a celebrity in her town, often known as the dog that helps get rid of all the rubbish. Then, the mayor invited Judy and Daisy to come to his office. “When we arrived, he told us that Daisy would be receiving the award because he wanted to make people more conscious of protecting the environment and to thank her for her contributions over the years,” Judy said. “It was such a surprise ... Daisy thought this was great and went to sit on the mayor’s chair with a beer can in her mouth. Everyone thought she was funny and started laughing.”

4. Why did the dog receive the award?
A. She had brought a lot of treasure to her owner.
B. She had kept all the city clean for eight years.
C. She had contributed a lot to getting rid of the trash.
D. She had made people aware of protecting the environment.
5. How did the dog probably start to pick up rubbish?
A. By chance. B. By force.
C. Through praise. D. Through training.
6. How would the people in the city feel about what Daisy has been doing?
A. Curious. B. Excited.
C. Ashamed. D. Thankful.
7. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. A dog owner trains her dog to pick up rubbish.
B. A dog receives an award for picking up rubbish.
C. A mayor gives an award to a dog in his office.
D. A mayor raises people’s environmental awareness.

C
It’s a warm June afternoon, and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country’s initiative, there will be 200.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. It’s a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said.
Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wildflowers that appear, are allowed to grow.

8. What is special about the Muziekplein forest?
A. It is newly planted. B. It sits in an urban area.
C. It grows along a railway. D. It is shaped like a basketball court.
9. What’s the purpose of the Tiny Forest initiative?
A. To make people realize environmental challenges.
B. To make nature more accessible to children.
C. To increase the Netherlands’ biodiversity.
D. To call for action on climate change.
10. What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A. Benefits of mini-forests in cities.
B. Ways to keep neighbourhoods green.
C. Inspiration for planting forests in cities.
D. Importance of being exposed to nature.
11. How does the author state the forests’ effect on biodiversity?
A. By listing figures.
B. By giving examples.
C. By doing experiments.
D. By making comparisons.

D
One of the most critical roles forests play is relieving climate change. Trees suck enormous amounts of carbon dioxide out of the air and fix the carbon in their wood and the soil. A recent study found that planting new trees over an area the size of the US could suck away two thirds of all the carbon dioxide discharge that humans have pumped into the atmosphere.
“Without animals, it is harder for forests to absorb carbon, as tree species important for protecting the climate could be lost without animals,” Susanne Winter, a program director said at the WWF.
In Africa, many of the tree species that absorb the most carbon rely on large birds and primates (灵长类动物) to eat their fruits and spread their large seeds, according to the report. Without them, those trees would have difficulty reproducing and forests would lose their best carbon-storing trees.
“Forests are our greatest natural ally in the fight against global warming,” Winter said. “If we want to hold back the worldwide decline in biodiversity and prevent the climate crisis, we need to protect the forests and the species living there.”
Forests also filter (过滤) water — as water makes its way to lakes or groundwater reserves, the roots and soil separate it from deposits and pollution that it collects along the way. What’s more, forests regulate the global water cycle, since trees’ leaves, branches, and roots store or send out water vapor.
Climate models show that forest-cutting down in Central Africa could lead to a 15% drop in rainfall in the US Midwest, and Amazon deforestation (森林滥伐) could cut Texas rainfall by 25%.
Humans also get food, wood, and medicine from the abundance of plants and animals in forests. Worldwide, 1.6 billion people rely on forests for their livings, according to the United Nations. About 300 million people live in forests, according to WWF.

12. What’s the purpose of paragraph 3?
A. To tell where the large seeds go.
B. To show the tree species in Africa.
C. To draw reader’s attention to Africa.
D. To support Susanne Winter’s opinion.
13. What does the underlined word “ally” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Winner. B. Competitor. C. Partner. D. Victim.
14. How do forests change climate according to the passage?
A. By affecting air and water.
B. By feeding birds and animals.
C. By providing life necessities.
D. By increasing the variety of trees.
15. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Water should be filtered.
B. The more forests, the more rain.
C. Forests should be globally protected.
D. Half the carbon dioxide is sucked away by trees.

五、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Going green is a great way to reduce your environmental footprints and help the planet. Being green is all about reducing the resources you use, reusing items when you can, and recycling items that can’t be reused. 1
Carry a reusable water bottle so you will not need bottled water.
2 Not only does it create trash, but it also uses more resources because it’s shipped to the store. To be more eco-friendly, make it a habit to carry a reusable water bottle with you everywhere so that you can drink water anytime. Plastic bottles are usually the lightest and most convenient.
Use reusable bags while you’re shopping.
Shopping bags make it easy to carry your items home, but they also pollute the planet. Skip the store’s shopping bags and bring your own instead. Use a backpack that you already own, or purchase a couple of reusable bags from the checkout area at your local grocery store. 3
4
Before you throw something away, look for ways you might reuse it. Try re-purposing items or making green crafts. This will help you keep trash out of the landfill. For example, instead of throwing away a jar, you might use it as a glass, vase or storage container.
Reduce the amount of time you spend using electronics.
While electronics are really fun and help you feel connected to your friends, they also use up a lot of energy. Schedule breaks from your electronics so you can use them less. During your breaks, do something fun like going for a walk, playing a game with your friends, or pursuing a hobby. 5 For instance, instead of playing online video games together, go to a local park.

A. Reuse items to save them from the landfill.
B. You can use your reusable bags at most stores.
C. Bottled water is really bad for the environment.
D. You probably need to change your personal habits.
E. Invite your friend to connect with you in real life.
F. Glass bottles have come a long way in recent years.
G. You can find ideas for green crafts by searching online.

六、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A student at Hellesdon High School in England has been called “Rubbish Girl” for her environmentallyfriendly ways. 1 , that has not stopped her from cleaning up the environment.
Using the basket on her bicycle, 12yearold Nadia has been 2 rubbish along her twomile route to and from school since September of last year. 3 her good intentions, some of the kids at Nadia’s school have nicknamed (给……起绰号) her “Rubbish Girl” and have bullied her for her selfless efforts to help the 4 . But instead of letting them bring her down, she’s using their negativity as motivation (动力).
“I’m not going to 5 doing the right thing because of them,” she said. “I’m doing something to 6 the world which they also live in. It’s everyone’s job. We are all 7 for keeping this world safe, instead of believing it’s always someone else’s job.”
Nadia’s mum, Paula, said she is 8 proud of Nadia for not only standing up to her bullies, but also standing up for what she believes in. “I told her she had two 9 — she could either stop collecting rubbish, stop attracting their 10 so that they would leave her alone, or she could face the challenge, be the ‘rubbish girl’ and keep her 11 .”
As a result of the local media attention, Nadia has created a group named “Team Rubbish Girl”, where she shares updates on her green efforts. Positive 12 have poured in, all in 13 of Nadia, encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts.
“Sweetheart, you are a star that 14 really bright above the rest. Hold your head high and never let others 15 you. You are doing something selfless and amazing. Shame on the bullies,” wrote one of the local citizens on her web page.

1. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Meanwhile
2. A. picking up B. taking off C. giving away D. leaving behind
3. A. Despite B. Without C. Due to D. Thanks to
4. A. disabled B. homeless C. planet D. business
5. A. start B. enjoy C. practise D. stop
6. A. discover B. protect C. repair D. understand
7. A. responsible B. ready C. grateful D. available
8. A. hardly B. generally C. barely D. extremely
9. A. goals B. choices C. problems D. friends
10. A. strength B. conclusion C. attention D. energy
11. A. balance B. promise C. number D. faith
12. A. effects B. results C. comments D. experiences
13. A. charge B. honour C. search D. support
14. A. shines B. falls C. burns D. compares
15. A. praise B. discourage C. improve D. welcome

七、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health and published in the journal Lancet Planetary Health, finds that China’s countrywide ban 1 traffic mobility from February 10 to March 14 greatly limited automobile emissions and sharply reduced the 2 (country) often severe air pollution.
The improved air quality, in turn, prevented thousands of pollution-related 3 (death), an
4 (estimate) 12,125, more than lives lost from the epidemic (流行病), the study finds.
“This is a very surprising result. The epidemic continues to be a terrible thing for China and the rest of the world, but the decrease in emissions that accompanied 5 has actually presented some positive health results,” said Kai Chen, assistant professor at the Yale School of Public Health and the study’s first author. “The question is, how can we have one without the 6 ?”
Although the findings cannot be directly applied to other countries due to different severity of and responses to COVID-19, as well as 7 (differ) air pollution levels and population characteristics, reduced air pollution levels 8 (detect) in other Asian and European countries and the US 9 their own lockdowns (封城), Chen said. He notes that this reduction in pollution has 10 (like) brought about similar health benefits.

八、写作（满分15分）
红旗社区针对本社区居民垃圾分类情况，计划于下周举行一次关于垃圾分类的讲座，请你代表社区写一封公开信，内容包括：
1. 垃圾分类的好处；
2. 讲座具体时间和地点；
3. 邀请居民参加。
注意：
1. 词数80左右，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification

Dear sir or madam,
I’m writing this letter to call on attention to the community lecture concerning garbage classification.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Hongqi Community

参考答案
一、1. tolerate 2. Nuclear 3. releasing 4. habitable 5. broadcast
6. seize 7. basin(s) 8. reform 9. volume 10. restores
二、1. starvation 2. frequently 3. ecological 4. sustainable 5. comprehensively
6. trendy 7. restrictions 8. submission 9. annually 10. insensitive
三、1. carbon dioxide 2. fossil fuels 3. On behalf of 4. dozens of
5. in harmony with
四、
A篇
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种不仅实用而且环保的新产品。
1. D 推理判断题。根据Pollutionsensitive Dress部分中的第二句“The pollutionsensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly.”可知，EPA Dress这种衣服可以提醒人们外面空气的污染情况。故选D。
2. C 细节理解题。根据Ecofriendly Car Racer部分中的第一句“Can you image a car racer is so eco-friendly that its tyres are made from potatoes, its body is created from hemp (大麻) and rapeseed oil and it runs on fuel made from wheat and sugar beet?”可知，Eco One的部件主要是由一些植物做成的。故选C。
3. A 推理判断题。本文介绍了四种新型的环保产品，并详细说明了各种产品的特色。与“个人博客、健康报告和政府文件”无关，只可能是科学报告。故选A。
B篇
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小狗Daisy捡拾垃圾而获奖的故事。
4. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句以及最后一段第三句可知，市长授予Daisy这个奖项的原因是她一直捡垃圾，为环保做出了贡献。故选C。
5. A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“I think she discovered it by accident”可知，Daisy捡垃圾是偶然开始的。故选A。
6. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句和第三句可知，小镇的人都知道Daisy捡垃圾，并且对于Daisy为保护环境所做的一切是感谢的。故选D。
7. B 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段第一句可知，本文围绕一只狗因为捡垃圾而获奖的故事展开。故选B。
C篇
本文是一篇说明文。荷兰城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境。
8. B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building ... a parking place.”可知，Muziekplein森林附近有一座18层的高楼和一条铁路线，它所在的区域曾经是一个停车场。由此可推知，该森林位于城镇区域。故选B。
9. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature”可知，Daan Bleichrodt发起的微型森林计划的目的是让孩子们更容易接近大自然。故选B。
10. A 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“he sees the mini-forests ... be involved in nature in the neighbourhood”可知，城市里的微型森林不仅可以帮助城市抵御热浪，提高蓄水能力，还使人们有更多机会接触周围的自然环境，故本段主要关注的是城市里的微型森林的益处。故选A。
11. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species ... across the 11 tiny forests ... 636 animal species ... identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species”可知，作者用了列数字的方法来说明城市里的微型森林对生物多样性的影响。故选A。
D篇
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了森林在缓解气候变化和应对气候危机方面、在调节地球水循环方面以及为人类提供食物、木材和药物方面所起的重要作用，说明了森林对于人类的重要性。
12. D 推理判断题。根据第二段中Susanne Winter提出的观点“‘tree species important for protecting the climate could be lost without animals’”；第三段中“Without them, those trees would have difficulty reproducing and forests would lose their best carbon-storing trees.”可知，第三段是以非洲树木为例，进一步说明Susanne Winter的观点。故选D。
13. C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句Winter所说的话“‘If we want to hold back the worldwide decline in biodiversity and prevent the climate crisis, we need to protect the forests and the species living there.’”可知，Winter认为森林在阻止全球气候变化中起着重要的作用，因此可以推断，“Forests are our greatest natural ally”意思为“森林是我们（对抗全球变暖）最天然的盟友/伙伴”。故选C。
14. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One of the most critical roles forests play is relieving climate change.”可知，森林吸收人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳，缓解气候变化；根据第五段中“Forests also filter (过滤) water ... forests regulate the global water cycle”可知，森林也过滤水，也调节着全球的水循环。因此可以推断，森林是通过影响空气和地球上的水循环影响气候的。故选A。
15. C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一到第四段提到森林在缓解气候变化方面的作用，第五、六段提到森林在调节水循环方面的作用，第七段提到森林为我们提供食物、木材和药物。整篇文章说明了森林对于人类的重要性。因此可以推断，森林应该在全球范围内得到保护。故选C。
五、
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个保护环境的生活小习惯。
1. D 本段为总领全文的段落，根据下文中的小标题可知，本文主要是建议大家改变自己的个人习惯以保护环境。故选D。
2. C 空后的“Not only does it create trash, but it also uses more resources because it’s shipped to the store.”具体阐述了瓶装水对环境的危害，C项（瓶装水真的对环境有害。）引出下文，符合语境。bottled water为关键信息。故选C。
3. B 根据本段小标题“Use reusable bags while you’re shopping.”可知，本段是建议使用环保袋；空前建议购买环保袋，B项（你能够在大多数商店使用环保袋。）符合语境。reusable bags是关键信息。故选B。
4. A 根据下文“Before you throw something away, look for ways you might reuse it. Try re-purposing items or making green crafts.”可知，本段是建议再利用，reuse是关键词。A项（再利用这些东西，以免它们被填埋。）符合语境。故选A。
5. E 空前是说在休息时间做一些有趣的事情，比如散步、和朋友玩游戏或者追求一个爱好。空后是举例说与其一起玩在线视频游戏，不如去本地公园玩。E项（邀请你的朋友在现实生活中与你联系。）承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
六、
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述12岁的女孩纳迪娅在上学和放学的路上捡垃圾，被同学们嘲笑并被称为“垃圾女孩”，但她并不放弃，在妈妈和其他人的鼓励之下，她继续着自己的环保行为。
1. B 空前一句“A student at Hellesdon High School in England has been called ‘Rubbish Girl’ for her environmentallyfriendly ways.”与空后的“that has not stopped her from cleaning up the environment”在语意上是转折关系。故选B。
2. A 根据第一段最后一句“... cleaning up the environment.”可知，她热爱环保，经常捡垃圾。pick up意为“捡起”。故选A。
3. A 句意为：尽管纳迪娅是出于好心，但是她所在学校的一些孩子却给她起了“垃圾女孩”的绰号。根据句意可知，上下文之间是转折关系，despite意为“尽管”。故选A。
4. C 根据上文可知纳迪娅热爱环保，保护环境就是保护我们所生活的这个星球。故选C。
5. D 根据第二段最后一句“But instead of letting them bring her down, she’s using their negativity as motivation (动力).”可知，她把别人对她的否定当成继续努力的动力，她不会停止做正确的事情，而是继续做保护地球的事情。故选D。
6. B 句意为：我正在做一些事情保护地球，而他们也居住在这个地球上。女孩做的事情正是保护我们的地球。故选B。
7. A 根据空前的“It’s everyone’s job.”可知我们都有责任让地球安全，而不能认为这是别人的工作。be responsible for...意为“对……负责”。故选A。
8. D 根据句意可知，纳迪娅的妈妈对女儿的行为感到极其自豪。用extremely表示程度。故选D。
9. B 根据本空后的“she could either stop collecting rubbish...”以及“or she could face the challenge...”可知，妈妈说她有两个选择。故选B。
10. C 根据空后的“so that they would leave her alone”可知，前面应该是说不再引起别人的注意，也就不会有人再欺凌她了。故选C。
11. D 根据句意可知，第二个选择是继续保护环境，坚持自己的信念。faith意为“信念”，符合语境。故选D。
12. C 根据句意以及最后一段中引用一名网友的评论内容可知，在小组里涌入了很多积极的评论，都在鼓励纳迪娅继续努力。故选C。
13. D 根据空后“encouraging her to carry on with the green efforts”可知，这些评论都鼓励她继续努力，也就是说这些评论都是支持她的。in support为固定短语，意为“支持”。故选D。
14. A 根据前后的“a star”和“bright”可知，本空应选shines，把纳迪娅比喻成闪亮的星星。故选A。
15. B 句意为：昂首挺胸，不要让别人阻碍你。discourage意为“阻碍；使气馁”。故选B。
七、
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现：在实行交通禁令或封城之后，空气污染的严重性会有所下降。
1. on 考查介词。句意：由耶鲁大学公共卫生学院研究人员牵头发表在《柳叶刀·星球健康》杂志上的一项新研究发现，中国从2月10日至3月14日在全国范围内实施的交通禁令，极大地限制了汽车尾气排放，并大幅减少了该国经常很严重的空气污染。ban (on sth.)意为“对……禁令”。故填on。
2. country’s 考查名词所有格。句意同上。空处作定语修饰其后的名词pollution，所以应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。
3. deaths 考查名词的复数。句意：研究发现，空气质量的改善反过来又防止了成千上万与污染有关的死亡，估计有12125（人），比流行病造成的死亡人数还要多。此处指“死亡”，是可数名词，因此用名词复数。故填deaths。
4. estimated 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处estimate和12,125之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作前置定语。故填estimated。
5. it 考查it的用法。句意：疫情对中国和世界其他国家来说仍然是一件可怕的事情，但随之而来的污染排放减少实际上已经带来了一些积极的健康结果。结合句意并分析句子结构可知，此处用it指代前面的epidemic，在句中作宾语。故填it。
6. other 考查固定搭配。句意：问题是，我们怎么能只有一个而没有另一个？one... the other...意为“一个……另一个……”，故填other。
7. different 考查词性转换。句意：陈凯说，尽管由于新冠肺炎的严重程度和应对措施不同，以及空气污染水平和人口特征不同，这些发现不能直接应用于其他国家，但在其他亚洲和欧洲国家以及美国自己的封锁之后，空气污染水平有所降低。句中air pollution levels是名词，应由形容词修饰。故填different。
8. have been detected 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。句子主语air pollution levels是复数形式，和detect之间是被动关系，且这里指到现在为止已经完成的事情，所以句子用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been detected。
9. after 考查介词。句意同第7题。此处指“在封城之后”，是时间状语。故填after。
10. likely 考查词性转换。句意：他指出，污染的减少很可能也带来了类似的健康益处。空处修饰动词短语brought about，应用其副词形式。故填likely。
八、
Dear sir or madam,
I’m writing this letter to call on attention to the community lecture concerning garbage classification.
Garbage classification is of great significance. Firstly, not only can it cope with pollution issues effectively but more space originally occupied by wasteland will be spared. Secondly, we can undeniably make a difference by taking advantage of recyclable garbage.
To fulfill your obligation to live an ecolife, come and join in the lecture to be given at 3 p.m. next Sunday on the playground of Hongqi Primary School. Only with combined efforts can we make our neighborhood better.
Yours,
Hongqi Community