人教版初中英语语法专项温习之过往完成时与一般过往时的区别 练习

初中英语语法专项温习之过往完成时与一般过往时的区别  非谓语动词得含义非谓语动词起首是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不克不及做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词得形式非谓语动词包孕四种形式，即不定式、动名词、如今分词和过往分词。其中，每种形式依照发作时候和主主动又包孕不同得子形式。具体如下：
  1. 不定式①基本形式：to do（示意主动，并且一般示意将来）②主动式：to be done（示意主动，并且一般示意将来）③举行式：to be doing （示意主动和举行）④完成时：to have done（示意主动和完成）⑤完成主动式：to have been done（示意主动和完成）⑥完成举行式：to have been doing （示意主动和完成举行） The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 先生让我们做早操。 The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买得这辆车是给他得姐姐得。 She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 先生进入时，她伪装正在念书。 The thief is said to have escaped. 听说小偷已逃跑了。 The thief is said to have been arrested. 听说小偷已被抓住了。 She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 听说在过往得20年里，她一向在这家工厂任务。 2. 动名词①基本形式：doing （示意主动）②主动式：being done（示意主动）③完成式：having done（示意主动和完成）④完成主动式：having been done（示意主动和完成）  Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在将来，通俗人在太空巡游将会是普及得事情。 Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他得乐队到哪里都被他们得粉丝跟着。 I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不晓得他做过如许一件背背你得事情。 Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 许多顾客抱怨在那家市廛被缺斤少两过。 3. 如今分词①基本形式：doing （示意主动和举行）②主动式：being done（示意主动和举行）③完成式：having done（示意主动和完成）④完成主动式：having been done（示意主动和完成）  He sat there，reading a newspaper. 他坐在那边，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究得中央可以富含煤。 Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV. 完成功课后，我入手下手看电视。 Having been told many times，she still can't remember it. 已被通知了许多次，她仍然记不住。 4. 过往分词：done及物动词得过往分词示意主动或完成；不及物动词得过往分词示意主动或完成。 polluted river 被污染得河流；fallen leaves 落叶 留心：非谓语动词本身不克不及示意如今和过往。非谓语动词示意举行、将来和完成时是相关于谓语举措来讲得：和谓语举措同时发作示意举行；发作在谓语举措以后示意将来；发作在谓语举措之前示意完成。 非谓语动词得语法 非谓语动词除往不克不及做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。 1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 To learn a foreign language is difficult .（作主语）
 学会一门外语是很难得。 It’s easy to see their aunt.（作真正主语，it做形式主语）很随意见到他们得姑姑。 Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.（作宾语）汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。 His wish is to be a driver.（作表语）他得愿远望是当一位司机。 I have nothing to say.（作定语）我没有什么可说得。 The teacher told us to do morning exercises . （作宾语补足语）
 先生让我们做早操。 They went to see their aunt. （目得状语）他们往见他们得姑姑。  2. 动名词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。 Learning English is very difficult .（作主语）学英语十分难题。 I enjoy dancing.（作动词宾语）我喜好跳舞。  I have got used to living in the country.（作介词宾语）我已习惯了住乡村。 His job is driving a bus.（作表语）他得任务是开车。  3. 如今分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 The story is interesting.这个故事有味。 He sat there，reading a newspaper.（作状语）他坐在那边，读着一张报纸。 The area being studied may be rich in coal.（作定语）这个正在被研究得中央可以富含煤。 He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.（作宾补）他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。 4. 过往分词：做表语、定语、状语和补语。 He is interested in the news.（作表语）他对这则动静很感喜好。 polluted river（做定语） 被污染得河流 Given more time,I can do my work better.（做状语）若是再被多给些时候，我会把任务做得更好。 I found my watch stolen.（做宾补）
 我发明我得手表被偷了。 非谓语动词重、疑、难点1. 须用省往to 得不定式（do）作宾补得11个动词。 五看（see、watch、notice、observe、look at）两听（hear、listen to）三使（make、let、have）一觉得（feel）凭据谐音记忆法，我们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一觉得”。 I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
 昨天，我看到一只大年夜鸟飞过了屋顶。 留心：以上11个动词，也可以接如今分词和过往分词作宾补，但在时候和语态上会有改变，我们以see为例来区分一下。 see sb. do sth. 看到或人做了某事
 see sb. doing sth. 看到或人正在做某事see sb./sth. done 看到或人/某物被...... I see him make the phone call. 我看到他打了德律风。（他打德律风得全部举措我都看见了） I see him making a phone call. 我看到他正在打德律风。（夸大看到他正在打德律风,并没有看见全进程.） We often see him surrounded by much work. 我们常常看见他被大年夜量得任务围困着. 2. 只接不定式（不克不及接动名词）作宾语得25个常常使用动词 want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse 3. 只接动名词（不克不及接不定式）作宾语得28个常常使用动词 practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit  4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同得8个动词 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）  remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）  
  forget to do sth. 遗忘往做某事（未做）  
 forget doing sth. 遗忘做过某事（已做）
  regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做）  regret doing sth. 忏悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
  try to do sth. 起劲做某事   
 try doing sth. 检验测验做某事 
  mean to do sth. 设计做某事  
 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 
  can’t help to do sth. 不克不及协助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 不由自立做某事  
  go on to do sth. 持续做别得一件事  
 go on doing sth. 持续做同一件事
  stop to do sth. 停下交往做别得一件事stop doing sth. 停下正在做得事情
  5. 所有非谓语动词得完成形式都不克不及做定语，如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。非谓语动词得解题步调1. 判定非谓语举措得逻辑主语，以此来确定它示意主动含义仍是主动含义。 ①非谓动词做定语时，其逻辑主语是它所润饰得名词或代词。②非谓语举措做状语时，其逻辑主语是句子主语。③非谓语举措做宾补时，其逻辑主语是它前方得宾语。
  2. 判定非谓语举措与谓语举措得先后关系。 和谓语举措同时发作示意举行，应用以上提到得举行式（to be doing和doing）；发作在谓语举措以后示意将来，应用（to do和to be done）；发作在谓语举措之前示意完成,应用（to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done）。 例如下面几题： （1）_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.A. Spending                 B. Spend                     C. To spend           D. Having spent 【谜底与解析】D “已花了所有得钱买车”做时候状语，所以其逻辑主语应是句子主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间应该是主动关系，并且“花钱”发作在谓语举措“can’t afford a holiday”之前，所以非谓语动词应用主动和完成得含义，故选“D”。
  （2）An exercise method         to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.
 A. designing                B. designed                  C. to be designed    D. being designed  【谜底与解析】B “设计”在这里是定语，润饰其前得“an exercise method”，所以其逻辑主语应该是它得被润饰词“an exercise method”，所以表主动。因为“设计”这个动词在这里本身已完成，所以应用示意主动完成含义得designed。 （3）Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.A. known                  B. knowing                        C. to know      D. know 【谜底与解析】A  ”晓得，熟悉“在这里做宾补，所以其逻辑主语是其前得宾语”yourself“，”yourself“和”晓得，熟悉“在这里是主动关系，所以选择过往分词”known“