鲁教版初四英语第八单元复习课件

这是一份鲁教版初四英语第八单元复习课件，共31页。
U8 We’re trying to save the earth ! 学习目标01诊断测评02知识系统呈现03重难点把握04目录CONTENTS真题演练拓展延伸0506真题演练拓展延伸0708学 习 目 标：1、能够默写出重点单词、词组，并熟练应用于写作中；2、掌握被动语态与情态动词的结合，会用该语法造句。PART.01诊 断 测 评优点 花费 塑料的 工业 回收利用 参加 付费 好好利用某物 承担得起 负责人 木制的 关掉 扔掉，抛弃 摧毁 恢复，使想起 起作用，有影响 对......有害 对.......有益 噪音污染 加起来 获奖 因.......而闻名 建立 采取行动 看起来像 解决问题 不再 越来越糟 以......开始 割掉 减少 advantagecostplastic industryrecycleattendpaymake good use ofshut offwoodenpresidentaffordthrow awaydestroyrecoverymake a differencebe harmful tobe good fornoise pollutionadd up awardbe famouse forset uptake actionseem likesoleve the problemno longerworse and worsestart withcut off cut downpart02知识系统呈现1. 现在进行时: Present Progressive定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构:  _______ + __________标志词：_______, ________, ________, right now…e.g. Look! The boy is crying.2. 被动语态：Passive voice主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。结构：_______ +____________被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词3.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词is/am/aredoingnowListenLookbedoneA.一般现在时的被动语态结构：  is /am/are +及物动词的过去分词+其它+by sb. 1．The magazine is （look） through by my mother every day.2．Many trees                （plant） in North China.B.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was /were+及物动词的过去分词＋其它+by sb. 1.He was （give） a big gift when he was 7 years old.2. All the students  ____________  (ask) to bring a kite with them last SundayC.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词can / may / must / should + be +  及物动词的过去分词+其它+by sb. 1. Chocolate may             (send) to him as a present.2. Can this kind of machine      （mend）by Uncle Wang?lookedare plantedgivenwere askedbe sentbe ment3. 现在完成时:  Present Perfect1、现在完成时的定义：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有联系有影响，即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。2、现在完成时的谓语构成：_________ + _________3、常用时间状语：（1）与包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如：________（到现在为止）, _________（迄今为止） , these days（这些天来）, this year, this month, today,___________________（在过去的几年以来）等；e.g. We have planted many flowers this year. China has changed a lot in the past few years.(2)与副词连用，如：just, before, already, never, ever, yet, recently，since, for等e.g. Have you ever watched Harry Potter? The new book have not arrived yet. Have you heard from him yet?have/hasdoneso faruntil nowin the past few years4、用法：（1）表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。“干了/干过某事” e.g. Have you ever been to China? She has read all these books.I have just finished my homework.比较：I have seen the film. (我了解电影的内容) I saw the film last week.(只说明上周看过电影) He has lived here since 1972. （现在他还住在这里） He lived here in 1972. (不涉及现在是否住在这里) （2）表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。“干某事多长时间”for +段时间; since +时间点/一般过去时的句子。例：We have learned English for three years. We have learned English since three years ago.part03重 难 点 把 握1.spend/ cost/ take/ pay 都与“花费”有关，但用法上有区别。 因此，“他们花两年建造这座桥”可以表示为： They two years this bridge.=They two years this bridge.= — How much is the ticket to Central Park?—A one-way ticket ______ $40, and you can ______ another $20 for a round-trip.A. costs, pay B. cost, spend C. pay, spend D. spends, payspent building spent onIt took them 2 years to build this bridge.A 2.词义辨析：take part in/join/join in/attend 这些动词或词组均含“参加，加入”之意。A lot of college students the movement last year. 去年很多大学生参加了那个运动。His brother the army two years ago. 两年前他哥哥参军。May I your discussion? 我可以参加你们的讨论吗？ students the lecture given by the famous professor.数百人参加了这位著名教授的讲座。took part in joinedjoin inHundreds of attended3.词义辨析：turn词组 The experiment to be a success.实验是成功的。I turned to see who was calling me.我转过身看谁在喊我。Please Page 10.请翻到第十页。I have a woman with strong will.我已经变成了意志坚定的人。She turned over and fell to sleep.她翻了翻身，睡着了。turned outaroundturn toturned into4.afford to do sth.：买得起……，足够支付…… The arts should be available to more people at prices they can afford. _____________________________________5.be harmful to：对……有害 often harmful to your health.经常熬夜对你的健康有害。【拓展】1. harm：n. 害处 2. do harm to：对……有害6.at the top of：在……顶端 He shouted at the top of his voice in order to be heard. ________________________________________________________【拓展】 反义词：at the bottom of：在……的底端7.take action：采取行动    The police had to take action to deal with the riots. 警方不得不采取行动来对付骚乱。8.throw away：扔掉；错过（机会等）    Don’t throw away this chance. ________________________________________【拓展】1. throw at：扔向…… 2. throw about：到处扔艺术品价格应该让更多的人能够负担得起。Staying up is他顶着嗓门喊目的是为了能够被听到。别浪费掉这次机会。9. put sth. to good use：好好利用某物 If you focus your mind on the task, your talents can be put to good use. 如果你集中精神在工作上，你的才能就能好好利用起来。10. pull…down：拆毁 They are going to pull down the old building and replace it with a new shopping mall. _________________________________________________________________11.upside down：上下颠倒 The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. turned upside down 意为“被翻转过来的；被颠倒过来的”，做后置定语修饰boat。 e.g. Tony had an upside-down map of Britain on his wall. _____________________________________________________ 12.bring back：归还；使想起 Your article brought back sad memories for me. _____________________________________ 【拓展】bring 词组1. bring up_________________________ 2. bring in________________3. bring forward 提出 4. bring about 带来，造成他们即将拆毁这些老建筑，取而代之的是一栋新的购物广场。托尼墙上有一副上下颠倒的英国地图。你的文章使我想起了悲伤的回忆。抚养，带大带进来; 收获（庄稼等）13.一词多义：work n.工作；（音乐、艺术）作品；工厂 v. 工作 注意：做“工作”讲，为不可数名词；做“作品”讲，为可数名词，但常用复数; 做“工厂”讲，只用复数形式，但谓语动词单复均可。【拓展】 英语中有些名词，单复数形式意义有差别。① manner 方式，方法 manners 礼貌，礼仪 ② arm 胳膊 arms 武器③ water 水 waters 海水，水域 ④ wood木头 woods 森林Now you can see many his art ______at the square in the city.A. work B. works C. job D. lesson14.be known for 因……而著名 be known as 作为……而著名 be known to 对于某人来说是著名的e.g. He his friendly. 他以友好而著称。 He the police as a thief. 他对警察来说是一个小偷。 Yuan Longping a famous agriculturalist . 袁隆平作为一位著名的农学家而出名。rentis know foris known tois known as 重点例句分析：1.And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles.【解析】be made of和be made from都表示“由……制成”，但二者的用法有区别。be made of常常表示原材料未发生化学变化，从成品中仍可看出原材料；而be made from常常表示原材料经过化学变化，从成品中看不出原材料。 e.g. 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。 这种酒是用小麦制成的。4.Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use?你曾经考虑过怎样把这些东西充分的利用起来吗？ Put sth to good use意为“ 好好利用”。 use 此处作名词，意为“用法，应用”【备课例句】Don’t throw the books which is no use away， you may find it valuable one day．不要把没用的书扔掉, 将来你会发现它的价值的。These desks are made of wood.This kind of wine is made from wheat.【横向辐射】use 的用法一、作及物动词，发音为/ ju:z /。1. 译为“用，使用”。例如：We can use the lift to go up and down.2． 译为“发挥，行使”。例如：He promised to use his influence.3． 译为“消耗，用尽”。例如：They have used money up.4． 译为“利用”。例如：He was used by a stranger.5． 译为“对待，相当于treat”。例如：He used his friends worse than ever.二、作名词，常与of 连用，发音为/ ju:s /。1． 译为“用法，应用，使用，用途”。例如：He makes good use of his time.2． 译为“使用权，使用能力”。例如：He gave me the use of his bike.3． 译为“效用，益处，价值”。例如：What’s the use of worrying?4． in use译为“使用之中，使用着”。例如：The lab is in use.三、几种变化。1． use （名词） → use （动词）2． use （动词） → useful（形容词） 有用的3． useful （形容词） → usefulness （名词）有用，用处4． use （名词） → useless （形容词）无用的5． use （名词） → user （名词） 使用者，用户四、构成的短语词组。make use of sth. 利用，使用某物。其中use也是名词，可用 good、full、more、little等形容词修饰。例如：Traditional stories make use of expressions like 'Once upon a time...'.5．use one’s head 动脑筋，仔细考虑。例如：–How does Jack usually go to work?—He ______ drive a car, but now he ______ there to lose weight.A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking6.Some inventions can also lead to other inventions. 【解析】lead to 导致，引起 lead →led→ led v引导，引诱 →(反) mislead → misleading adj.误导人的→ leader n.领导人 lead to sth ______________【谚语】All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马_____________________ 把某人领到某地 ________________________引导某人干某事 Dpart04拓 展 延 伸一、完形填空（共10分）(2019淄博中考)阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案．For thousands of years, people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They 1 cloth, dyes（染料） and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools.People progressed to making machines powered 2 water and steam（蒸汽）, and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories 3 of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution（工业革命）changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on 4 .Companies built power plants（工厂） to make 5 to run the machines, factories and cities.madebyfullfarmselectricityPeople did not realize these activities were 6 the Earth. They didn't realize bow 7 　 oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up. 8 cities grew bigger and spread across the land, plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed（破坏） as people moved into new places.As time passed, people began to 9 the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources（资源）. They saw that plants and animals needed protection, so they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell 10 around the world to conserve（节约） our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so. Earth Day was born. Each year, more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?harmingquicklyAsseeothers( ) 1. A. separated B. washed C. made ( ) 2. A. as B. with C. by( ) 3. A. full B. proud C. sick ( ) 4. A. mountains B. rivers C. farms( ) 5. A. metal B. water C. electricity ( ) 6. A. helping B. harming C. wasting ( ) 7. A. clearly B. hardly C. quickly ( ) 8. A. Before B. If C. As ( ) 9. A. forget B. see C. remember ( ) 10. A. them B. other C. othersCCACCBCCBCpart04真 题 演 练二、阅读理解（每题2分，共8分）(2019淄博中考)Can you imagine walking in, sitting next to a stranger and asking for the latest news or putting a recent novel down next to someone's coffee and asking for their opinion before giving yours?But more than 300 years ago, this kind of behaviour was encouraged in thousands of coffeehouses all over London. In 1712, the Starbucks site（位置） today was occupied（占据） by Button's coffeehouse Inside, poets, writers and members of the public gathered around long wooden tables drinking, thinking, writing and discussing literature into the night. On the wall, near where the Starbucks community notice board now stands, was the white marble（大理石） head of a lion with wide﹣open mouth. The public was invited to feed it with letters and stories. The best of the lion's digest（文摘） were published in a weekly edition of Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper, named “the roaring of the lion”. Today, few people know Button's. It's just one of London's forgotten coffeehouses.London's first coffeehouse was opened by a Greek named Pasque Rosee in 1652. While a servant for a British merchant in Turkey, Rosee developed a taste for the exotic（异国情调的） Turkish drink and decided to import（进口）it to London. People from all walks of life came to his business to meet, greet, drink, think, write, and joke.14. Where was the white marble lion head?　 　A. In the backyard of the Starbucks. B. On the Button's long wooden tables.C. In Joseph Addison's Guardian newspaper. D. On the wall of Button's coffeehouse.15. How often was "the roaring of the lion" published?　 　A. Every day B. Every week C. Every month D. Every year16. What kind of coffee did Pasque Rosee import to London?　 　A. Turkish coffee B. Black coffee C. White coffee D. Sweet coffee17. What can we infer（推断） from the passage?　 　A. People could hardly found a coffeehouse in 1712 in London.B. Starbucks, Button's and Rosee's were famous coffeehouses of London in 1700s.C. Button's was usually noisy and crowded at night 300 hundred years ago.D. Only businessmen enjoyed the exotic coffee at Pasque Rosee's.DBACpart05达 标 测 评三、根据短文内容，选择适当的单词填空，使短文意思完整．每个选项只用一次。My Dear Azhaan,I want you to know that you remind me of myself in so many ways. You are like a better and Improved version（版本） of me. I look at you and I see myself 27　 　 your eyes. I wish I had that confidence（信心） and even some of your bossiness（霸气）at that age. Yet, I'm also troubled on seeing this confidence28　 　 disappearing, because you are 29　 　 many different things. I want you to know that your confidence is one of the 30　 　 things about you. All of us admire your confidence. However, you are 31　 　 confident enough these days， because you are beginning to dislike your own body.inslowlyfacingbestnot You are not fat. I agree that you could be a little healthier. You could eat a little less junk food. However, I don't know when you'll begin to enjoy fruits, but I believe that you will. I think one of the moments of 32　 　 for me was when you were born, and the doctor said, “Congratulations, you have another baby boy,” not because you were a boy but because you were healthy.You're too young to understand this 33　 　 no one realizes the importance of a normal life 34　 it is away from them. What I 35　 　 for you is happiness：the understanding that you are not perfect and that it is okay because none of us is!Stay confident and keep your head 36　 　, my little boy﹣who is growing up too soon! Love, Ammihappinessnowuntilwanthigh谢谢观看