2022年山东省潍坊市中考英语真题（解析版）

参照秘密级管理★启用前

试卷类型：A

2022年潍坊市初中学业水平考试

英语试题

2022.6

注意事项：

1. 本试题满分80分，考试时间为90分钟；

2. 答卷前务必将试题密封线内及答题卡上面的项目填涂清楚。所有答案都必须涂、写在答题卡相应位置，答在本试卷上一律无效。

一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Miss Bradley: Debbie? The people at Sunny Bank—you know, the home for old people—want someone to give a talk. Could you do it?

Debbie: Me? Stand up and talk? I can’t do that.

Miss B: Debbie, it’s not a big deal.

Jess: Why not, Debbie? I mean, the old people aren’t going to laugh or be nasty.

Debbie: No, I know. But…oh, I don’t know. I’m just not brave enough, that’s all. I can’t do it, and that’s that.

Jess: Here she comes. Go on, Pete.

Pete: OK. Well, look—it’s yellow Debbie. The school chicken.

Debbie: I beg your pardon?

Pete: I hear you won’t give a talk at Sunny Bank. Ooh, all those scary old people! It’s a bit pathetic, eh, Debbie?

Debbie: Chicken? Pathetic? No one calls me that!

Debbie: Miss Bradley? I’ve changed my mind. I want to do the talk after all.

Miss B: Good for you, Debbie. How about Friday, around 5 o’clock?

Jess: It worked! Well done, Pete.

Pete: Thanks. But I don’t think I can ever talk to Debbie again!

1. Miss Bradley asks Debbie to_________.

A. give a speech B. go to a bank

C. stand up and talk D. look after old people

2. What does the underlined word chicken in Picture 3 probably mean in Chinese?

A. 小鸡 B. 勇士 C. 胆小鬼 D. 大明星

3. By saying such words, Jess and Pete’s real purpose is to __________.

A. talk to Debbie B. encourage Debbie C. laugh at Debbie D. make Debbie angry

【答案】1. A    2. C    3. B

【解析】

【导语】本文讲述了Bradley老师想让Debbie在老人院演讲，她起初不同意，后来在同学的刺激下决定去试一试。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据“The people at Sunny Bank—you know, the home for old people—want someone to give a talk”可知，Bradley老师想让Debbie在老人院演讲，故选A。

【2题详解】

词义猜测题。根据“I hear you won’t give a talk at Sunny Bank. Ooh, all those scary old people! It’s a bit pathetic”可知，嘲笑Debbie不敢去老人院做演讲，是一个胆小鬼，所以chicken表示“胆小鬼”，故选C。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据“It worked! Well done, Pete”可知，他们说这些的目的是为了鼓励Debbie勇敢去老人院演讲，故选B。

B

Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor.

“But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly.

“Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.

From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.

Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second-highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section（剖宫产）in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.

4. Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor?

A. General Miranda. B. Her uncle James Barry.

C. A soldier in the British Army. D. A professor from Edinburgh University.

5. What does the underlined word disguise in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Change one’s clothes. B. Dress like a doctor.

C. Change one’s appearance. D. Dress like a gentleman.

6. Which was Dr. James Barry’s achievement in his job?

A. Becoming the highest officer in the British Army.

B. Graduating from the most famous medical university.

C. Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers.

D. Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully.

7. What was the secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years?

A. James Barry left much money. B. Dr. James Barry was a woman.

C. Margaret died in her twenties. D. General Miranda helped Margaret a lot.

【答案】4. A    5. C    6. C    7. B

【解析】

【导语】本文主要讲述了Margaret Ann Bulkley为了实现自己成为医生的梦想，把自己装扮成一位男性从医的故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据“And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him”及“‘Yes, you can!’ said General Miranda. ‘All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.’ ”可知，是叔叔的朋友General Miranda鼓励她去实现自己的梦想，故选A。

【5题详解】

词义猜测题。根据“So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes”可知，为了成为一名医生，把自己的头发剪短，装扮成一个男孩，所以disguise与Change one’s appearance同义，故选C。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people”可知，改善了伤兵的生活条件是他所取得的成就之一，故选C。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据“Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry”可知，她假扮成男孩成为一名医生是她一直保守的秘密，故选B。

C

What do three hearts, eight arms and one huge brain add up to? An octopus, a creature that can do amazing things. Octopuses are very clever. As they don’t have teeth or sharp claws to defend themselves, they have ever learnt a few tricks to get out of dangerous situations. Do you know how they do that?

They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor. Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks. Because octopuses have very soft bodies, they can hide themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get rid of enemies.

The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand. This color change happens in less than a minute.

Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink. It can shoot ink into the water. The ink forms a cloud to blind its enemies. It's like a magician doing a disappearing act.

If an octopus is being attacked, it can make itself look like a sea snake. It will bury itself in the sand except two arms. It will change the color of those arms to match a sea snake.

But what if there’s no time to escape? It can break off one of its arms. The arm will then change colors and move around the water. As the enemy starts chasing after the arm, the octopus can swim away quickly. Don’t worry, though. The octopus’ arm will grow back soon.

8. How many tricks are mentioned in the text?

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.

9. Why is an octopus like a chameleon?

A. It has three hearts. B. It has eight arms.

C. It can make itself look like a snake. D. It can change the color of its skin.

10. What does an octopus do in time of great danger?

A. Run after its enemy. B. Break off one arm.

C. Fight with sharp teeth. D. Move around the water.

11. What is the best title for this text?

A. Adventures in water B. Magician of the sea

C. Soft bodies between rocks D. Enemy behind the cloud

【答案】8. C    9. D    10. B    11. B

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了章鱼的相关信息，包括了它的外观，逃生的技能等。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据“They often hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor”“The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand”“Another way an octopus can protect itself is by shooting ink”“If an octopus is being attacked, it can make itself look like a sea snake”及“It can break off one of its arms”可知，文中一共提到了5种技巧，故选C。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据“The octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand”可知，因为它可以改变皮肤的颜色来匹配沙子，故选D。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据“But what if there’s no time to escape? It can break off one of its arms”可知，它可以折断一只手臂，故选B。

【11题详解】

最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了章鱼的几种逃生技能，就像“海洋魔术师”一样，故选B。

D

Are you suffering from insomnia（失眠）now? It’s true that many people are deeply bothered by insomnia. ___12___ Sleep expert Michael Grandner offers top three tips.

Make a plan and stick to it.

Melatonin（褪黑素）is produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up. As night falls, the levels of melatonin rise, becoming a signal to the body that it’s time for bed. And the levels naturally fall as daylight comes near, getting you ready to greet the day.

 ___13___ So if your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day, your body doesn’t know how to react. So it’s important to have a regular bedtime and wake-up time, even on weekends.

 ___14___

In fact, this tip is so powerful that it can even beat sleep medicine. “Whenever you’ve been awake for 20 or 30 minutes, either the beginning or the middle of the night, get up. Maybe you just need five minutes to get sleepy, or maybe an hour, but don’t spend that time in bed,” says Grandner.

Change your attitude about sleep.

Many people see sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a busy day, worth delaying to catch up on housework, schoolwork or others. ___15___  “See your sleep as the amount of time you need in order to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow. It may sound like a small change, but it’s an important one,” Grandner adds.

根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。

A. Don’t lie in bed awake.

B. Take some medicine if you need.

C. That thought needs to be changed.

D. In fact, we can train our brain to fall asleep.

E. The release（释放）of melatonin needs to be at regular times.

【答案】12. D    13. E    14. A    15. C

【解析】

【导语】本文介绍了预防失眠的方法。

【12题详解】

根据“It’s true that many people are deeply bothered by insomnia”及“Sleep expert Michael Grandner offers top three tips”可知，事实我们可以改变这种情况，D选项“事实上，我们可以训练我们的大脑入睡”符合语境，故选D。

【13题详解】

根据“So if your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day, your body doesn’t know how to react”可知，此处提到了“有规律的时间”，E选项“褪黑激素的释放需要定期进行”符合语境，故选E。

【14题详解】

根据“but don’t spend that time in bed”可知，本段的建议是醒着的时候不要躺在床上，A选项“别躺在床上而不入睡”符合语境，故选A。

【15题详解】

根据“Change your attitude about sleep”可知，要改变自己的某些想法，C选项“那个想法需要改变 ”符合语境，故选C。

二、语言知识运用（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

A

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The environment is everything around us in the natural world. It is the earth, the air, rivers, lakes, forests and seas. These are ___16___ human beings depend on for a living.

All natural waste is ___17___. Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil. This is their ___18___. The carbon dioxide that people and animals breathe（呼吸）out is used by plants to breathe and help them ___19___. Plants give out oxygen which people and animals need to breathe in. Plants ___20___ water through their roots. They pass it out through their leaves ___21___ moisture（水分）. This moisture, together with water vapour coming from rivers and seas, rises and turns into water droplets and forms clouds. Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of ___22___. In this way, the water goes ___23___ to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again.

However, humans have made a lot of changes to the earth. The technology and industry have made life ___24___, but they also produce a lot of new waste. Nature finds this new waste hard or ____25____ to recycle. Man shall deal with this problem before it is too late.

16. A. how B. what C. which D. where

17. A. avoided B. allowed C. reduced D. recycled

18. A. food B. hobby C. method D. support

19. A. grow B. continue C. progress D. increase

20. A. put away B. give off C. take up D. hold on

21. A. like B. with C. in D. as

22. A. wind B. rain C. storm D. shower

23. A. forward B. about C. back D. away

24. A. slower B. easier C. heavier D. cheaper

25. A. helpful B. valuable C. impossible D. unnecessary

【答案】16. B    17. D    18. A    19. A    20. A    21. D    22. B    23. C    24. B    25. C

【解析】

【导语】本文主要讲述了大自然中产生废物可以再次利用，但是科技和工业产生的废物很难再次利用，这就需要人类来处理这种污染问题。

【16题详解】

句意：这些都是人类赖以生存的东西。

how怎样；what什么；which哪一个；where哪里。此空作动词短语depend on的宾语，应填what，故选B。

【17题详解】

句意：所有的自然废物都可以回收利用。

avoided避免；allowed允许；reduced减少；recycled回收。根据“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures”可知，自然的废物都可以回收利用，故选D。

【18题详解】

句意：这是它们的食物。

food食物；hobby爱好；method方法；support支持。根据“Animal waste and dead bodies are broken down by small creatures, like those worms in the soil”可知，动物的排泄物和尸体是小生物的食物，故选A。

【19题详解】

句意：人类和动物呼出的二氧化碳被植物用来呼吸并帮助它们生长。

grow成长；continue继续；progress进步；increase增长。根据“plants to breathe and help them ”可知，植物吸收二氧化碳然后生长，故选A。

【20题详解】

句意：植物通过根吸收水分。

put away收好，储存；give off 发出；take up占有；hold on继续。根据“water through their roots”可知，通过根部吸收水分，故选A。

【21题详解】

句意：它们通过树叶把水分散发出去。

like像；with带有；in在……里；as作为。根据“They pass it out through their leaves…moisture”可知，被当成水分从叶子上散发出去，故选D。

【22题详解】

句意：较大的水滴以雨的形式落下。

wind风；rain雨；storm暴雨；shower淋浴。根据“Larger water droplets then fall down in the form of”可知，较大的水滴形成了雨，故选B。

【23题详解】

句意：通过这种方式，水会回到地球、河流和海洋中再次被利用。

forward向前；about关于；back向后；away离开。根据“the water goes… to the earth, rivers and seas to be used again”可知，水回到地球、河流和海洋中再次被利用，故选C。

【24题详解】

句意：科技和工业让生活变得更容易，但它们也产生了很多新的废物。

slower更慢的；easier更容易；heavier更重；cheaper更便宜。根据“The technology and industry have made life”可知，科技让生活变得更容易，故选B。

【25题详解】

句意：大自然发现这种新的废物很难或不可能回收利用。

helpful有帮助的；valuable有价值的；impossible不可能的；unnecessary不必要的。根据“Nature finds this new waste hard”可知，发现很难或不可能再次利用，故选C。

阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。

“No, I won’t tell you anything about those geese（鹅）,” repeated Breckinridge. “Well, let’s ___26___（make）a bet,” said Holmes. “I bet you five pounds the geese came from a farm outside London.” “Ha, you are wrong,” said Breckinridge. “Actually the geese came from London.”

“I don’t believe you,” said Holmes.

“All right,” said Breckinridge. “Wait, I ___27___（show）you in a moment.”

He took out two large books and opened one of ___28___（they）. “This book contains a list of the people who sell me geese. The ___29___（name）in red ink are people who live in London. Read out the ___30___（three）one on the list.”

Holmes took the book and read, “Mrs Oakshott, 117 Brixton Road. This name ___31___（write）in red ink. So that means Mrs Oakshott lives in London.”

“Yes,” said Breckinridge. “Now look in the other book. It records the dates I bought the geese.”

Holmes read, “December 22nd, bought from Mrs Oakshott, 24 geese at 7 shillings each. Sold to Mr Windigate of the Alpha Inn.”

“See? I was right,” said Breckinridge. “So I ___32___（win）the bet. Now give me my money.” ___33___（Silent）Holmes took out a gold coin and threw it down in front of Breckinridge. Then we left.

A few yards away, we stopped ___34___（laugh）loudly. “You are very clever! Holmes,” I said. “Breckinridge refused to tell us the ___35___（true）. So you made a bet with him…”

“Yes, Watson,” said Holmes. “Though I lost the bet, I found out what I wanted.”

【答案】26. make   

27. will show   

28. them    29. names   

30. third    31. was written   

32. won    33. Silently   

34. to laugh   

35 truth

【解析】

【导语】本文主要是福尔摩斯探案集中追踪大鹅的来历中的一段，讲述了福尔摩斯用自己的智慧知道了大鹅来自哪里。

【26题详解】

句意：让我们打一个赌吧。let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填make。

【27题详解】

句意：一会我展示给你看。根据in a moment可知，此处用一般将来时will do的结构，故填will show。

【28题详解】

句意：他拿出两本大书，打开其中一本。of介词，后接人称代词宾格，故填them。

【29题详解】

句意：用红墨水写的是住在伦敦的人。根据are可知，此空应填名词复数形式，故填names。

【30题详解】

句意：把名单上的第三个读出来。the后接序数词表示顺序，故填third。

【31题详解】

句意：这个名字是用红墨水写的。主语name与动词write之间是被动关系，且名字被写是发生在过去，故此处用一般过去时被动语态，主语name是单数形式，助动词用was，故填was written。

【32题详解】

句意：所以我会赢得这场赌局。根据“I was right”可知，此句也应用一般过去时，故填won。

【33题详解】

句意：福尔摩斯默默地掏出一枚金币，扔在布雷肯里奇面前。此空修饰动词短语took out，应用副词，故填Silently。

【34题详解】

句意：几码远的地方，我们停下来放声大笑。根据“we stopped…loudly”可知，是停下来大笑，用stop to do sth表示“停下来去做另一件事”，故填to laugh。

35题详解】

句意：布雷肯里奇拒绝告诉我们真相。the后应接名词，truth“真相”是名词，故填truth。

三、翻译句子（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）

用括号内所给的短语，将下列句子翻译成英语。

36. 太多甜食有害健康。（be harmful to）

_____________________________________________________________

【答案】Too much sweet food is harmful to health.

【解析】

【详解】sweet food“甜食”，不可数名词，用too much表示“太多”；be harmful to“对……有害”，health“健康”，不可数名词，故填Too much sweet food is harmful to health.

37. 我想知道你是否同意我的观点。（whether…or not）

_____________________________________________________________

【答案】I wonder whether you agree with me or not.

【解析】

【详解】wonder“想知道”；agree with sb“同意某人”；whether…or not“是否”，此句用一般现在时，故填I wonder whether you agree with me or not.
 

38. 教练看上去对比赛结果很满意。（It seems that…）

_____________________________________________________________

【答案】It seems that the coach is satisfied with the result.

【解析】

【详解】It seems that“似乎……”；be satisfied with“对……满意”；coach“教练”；result“结果”，描述心理状态用一般现在时，故填It seems that the coach is satisfied with the result.

四、阅读表达（共5小题，满分9分；其中第42小题1分，其余每小题2分）

阅读下面短文，根据短文后的要求答题。

For fans of traditional culture, the film I Am What I Am（雄狮少年）, which was first shown in the cinema on December 17, 2021, can be a good choice. The 104-minute film has connected the lion dance culture with a teenager’s pursuit（追求）of his dream.

Set in Guangdong Province, the film is about the growth of a left-behind teenager named A Juan. He met a girl who had the exact same name. Encouraged by her, A Juan made up his mind to form a lion dance team with his two close friends A Mao and A Gou. After being trained by a master, the three took part in a lion dance competition in Guangzhou. Although later A Juan had to work to support his family, he still bravely followed his dream—becoming the best lion dancer.

“It opens a new world for China’s animated（动画）film,” said an animator. Unlike most Chinese animated films today, which have to do with myths（神话）or fairy tales, I Am What I Am sets eyes on reality. This is not very common in the animation field in China. “I’ve always wanted to make an animated film about our real life. And I remembered the lion dance performances at festivals. They were so beautiful, colourful and folk. That inspired me to make a film about lion dance,” said the director.

The film has got high marks on different websites. Although it’s not perfect, many people are deeply moved. It shows not only the beauty of Chinese culture but also the spirit of the nation, according to CCTV news.

39. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. （将划线句子翻译成汉语）

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根据短文内容，回答下列问题。

40. What’s the film about? （不超过15个词）

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41. What’s the boy A Juan’s dream?

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根据短文内容，在空白处填入恰当的短语，使句意完整。

42. The film I Am What I Am sets eyes on reality means that the film story comes from __________.

43. As long as you catch the main idea of the film, you will take pride in _________ and _________ expressed in it.

【答案】39. 这部104分钟的电影将舞狮文化与一个少年对梦想的追求联系在了一起。   

40. It is about the growth of a left-behind teenager named A Juan.   

41. To become the best lion dancer.   

42. real life   

43.     ①. the beauty of Chinese culture
    ②. the spirit of the nation

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍《雄狮少年》这部电影的内容，以及观众对它的评价。

【39题详解】

the 104-minute film“104分钟的电影”：connect with“把……与……连接起来”；the lion dance culture“舞狮文化”；a teenager’s pursuit of his dream“少年对梦想的追求”，故填：这部104分钟的电影将舞狮文化与一个少年对梦想的追求联系在了一起。

40题详解】

根据“the film is about the growth of a left-behind teenager named A Juan”可知，主要讲述了一个名叫阿娟的留守少年的成长故事，故填It is about the growth of a left-behind teenager named A Juan.

【41题详解】

根据“he still bravely followed his dream—becoming the best lion dancer”可知，梦想是成为最好的舞狮者，故填To become the best lion dancer.

【42题详解】

根据“I’ve always wanted to make an animated film about our real life”可知，这部电影来自真实生活，故填real life。

【43题详解】

根据“It shows not only the beauty of Chinese culture but also the spirit of the nation, according to CCTV news.”可知，会对中国文化之美以及民族精神感到骄傲，故填the beauty of Chinese culture；the spirit of the nation。

五、写作（满分15分）

44. Teens Around the World是一个国际青少年交流网站，近日有人发了一个关于“礼物”的帖子。假设你是李华，请阅读原帖后，结合自己的生活经历，用英语回帖。

注意：

1. 不要出现考生本人信息；

2. 70词左右。

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Li Hua, China

【答案】例文

Dear Becky,

Everyone receives many gifts on some special days, so do I. Of all the gifts, I like books very much.

That was on my twelfth birthday party. I invited many friends to come to the party. My best friends Lily sent me a book about history. The history book made me know more about the history and culture. From then on, I began to like reading. I think reading can not only help me relax, but also open a new world for me. I will read more and more books frow now on.

Li Hua, China

【解析】

【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇书信作文。围绕“礼物”写一篇短文。

2.写作指导：本文采用一般过去时和一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。分为两段式：第一段引出主题；第二段介绍自己收这个礼物的经历，喜欢这份礼物的原因以及自己的感受。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。