英语必修 第二册Unit 1 Lights,camera,action!课时作业

素养培优练（一）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Joe Clark was a non-traditional high school principal, whose unusual way of carrying out rules became the subject of a 1989 Hollywood movie. He gained national attention for his leadership at Eastside High School in Paterson, New Jersey.

“You are not inferior.” is what Clark would often tell his students, many of whom were African American or Latino. They grew up in a difficult environment and faced violence, drugs and troubled family life which could prevent them from succeeding in school and in life.

Before becoming an educator, Clark served in the U.S.Amy Reserve. His experience might have influenced how he ran his school. He was known to walk around with a bull horn and a baseball bat. In Clark's first days of working, he expelled 300 students for breaking school rules. The students who remained at school believed that higher expectations were being placed on them. They felt more pressure to perform better.

Some praised his efforts at discipline while others criticized his methods. President Ronald Reagan offered Clark a White House policy adviser position after his success at the high school. In 1988, one teacher, said his methods were more like being in a labor camp than a public high school. In 1989, actor Morgan Freeman played Clark in the movie Lean on Me.That movie was based on Clark's experiences at Eastside.“Joe was a father figure to school kids, ” Freeman said.“He was the best of the best in terms of education.” Recently, one of Joe Clark's former students, Thomas McEntyre said, “I never really got a chance to...thank him. We are your product. You did not fail us. No matter whether you kicked me out, you did not fail me. You bettered me.”

After he retired from Eastside in 1989, Clark wrote a book called “Laying Down the Law: Joe Clark's Strategy for Saving Our Schools.” He described how he managed to turn Eastside High from a failing school into a success.

1. What did Joe Clark mean by saying “You are not inferior” to his students?

A. To make the students face the reality.

B. To lead the students to accept themselves.

C. To press the students not to make mistakes.

D. To encourage the students to better themselves.

2. What does the underlined word “expelled” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. Drew out. B. Kicked out. C. Brought out. D. Smoothed out.

3. Who criticized Joe Clark?

A. The president. B. One teacher.

C. Morgan Freeman. D. Thomas McEntyre.

4. Which of the following best describes Joe Clark?

A. Tough and unique. B. Demanding and humorous.

C. Kind and considerate. D. Well-meaning and professional.

B

From classic books like A Wrinkle in Time to classic movies like Back to the Future, children and adults both have been fascinated by the concept of time travel for hundreds of years. But is it even possible?

Time travel sounds simple: you just move back and forth between different points in time like you would between different points in space. You could jump forward into the future, or you can jump back to sometime in the past.

Exactly how would this be done? Most artistic works that feature time travel finish it with the help of a special device usually called a time machine. The time machine features whatever technology has been developed to transport people successfully to other points in time.

But could time travel really happen? Some scientists believe that parts of Albert Einstein's theories of special and general relativity might allow for the possibility of time travel. These theories are complex and very hard to understand. They involve unusual astronomical things like black holes and wormholes. Traveling faster than the speed of light might also be required.

It can be fun, though, to think about what problems might be presented by time travel. It may create an absurd situation. For example, let's say that you travel back in time to the day your parents met. What if your showing up on the day your parents met caused a ripple（连锁反应） in time that led to them not meeting? If they had never met, you would never have been born. If you had never been born, how could you ever exist to travel back in time to cause the problem you just caused? Though it may sound confusing, we hope that any scientist who ever manages to make time travel possible works out these problems in advance.

5. What kind of film is Back to the Future most likely to be?

A. An action film. B. A science fiction film.

C. A historical film. D. A romantic film.

6. What does the author mainly do in Paragraph 2?

A. Add a topic. B. Give an example.

C. Explain a concept. D. Make a conclusion.

7. What is some scientists' judgment on the possibility of time travel based on?

A. Previous similar cases. B. Detailed scientific report.

C. Some scientific theories. D. Advanced space technology.

8. What does the author think of time travel?

A. It will certainly come true one day.

B. It is a possible and absurd idea.

C. It will change some historical events.

D. It may cause confusion with time and space.

Ⅱ.七选五

Why Older People Shrink

When we say older people shrink, we don't mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket. We just mean that it's common for older people to become a little shorter over time.    1     It takes place over years and may add up to only an inch or so off of their adult height. This kind of shrinking can't be reversed（逆转）, although people can slow or stop this process. But why does shrinking happen on earth?

One reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis（骨质疏松）.Osteoporosis occurs when the bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made.    2     Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.

Do you want to do something right now to build strong bones? Take these two steps. They're smart ideas for kids and adults.

    3     Foods rich in the important bone-building mineral calcium（钙）—including milk, tofu, cheese, green leafy vegetables and drinks that are fortified with calcium like some kinds of orange juice—are good choices.

Exercise regularly.    4   

Do you know that every day you shrink a little, too? You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning. That's because as the day goes on, water in the disks of the spine gets compressed （被压缩） due to gravity（重力）, making you just a tiny bit shorter.    5     Once you get a good night's rest, your body recovers, and the next morning, you're standing tall again!

A. Don't worry, though.

B. Eat a well-balanced diet.

C. It isn't dramatic or sudden.

D. Smoking makes the problem worse.

E. Doing so, over time, helps bones stay strong.

F. People should be more careful as they are getting older.

G. Over time, the bone is said to be lost because it's not being replaced.

Ⅲ.完形填空

The middle of May is one of my favorite times of the year here in the mountains. The trees are all full of light green leaves. The     1     sound of bird songs mixes together with the laughter of children playing outside.

There is one     2     part about it, however. There comes a point where I have to mow（修剪） my yard and     3     my buttercups. I always mow around the little yellow flowers the first few times I cut my grass, but     4    , they get a foot high and I have to mow them too. I apologize to them when I mow them down, but I am     5     to see that each Spring there are even more of them. It     6     with just a few buttercups in my yard here and there but now the entire front part of it is     7     with them. Each year their     8     scatter（四散） and they multiply（大量繁殖） more and more, making the next Spring more     9     than the last.

Our lives are a lot like these     10     as well. I often encourage people to freely     11     their love to the world, but the     12     is that it isn't just addition. It is multiplication（倍增）.Each smile you share brings out the     13     of others. Our lives are like buttercups scattering seeds of     14     and beauty and making this world a     15     place.

1.

A. annoying B. loud C. sharp D. sweet

2.

A. important B. happy C. sad D. strange

3.

A. pick up B. bring up C. carry away D. cut down

4.

A. more or less B. at some point C. as usual D. at a time

5.

A. disappointed B. confused C. encouraged D. eager

6.

A. happened B. started C. developed D. showed

7.

A. supplied B. equipped C. caught D. filled

8.

A. seeds B. leaves C. soils D. insects

9.

A. beautiful B. peaceful C. different D. crowded

10.

A. flowers B. trees C. people D. fruits

11.

A. introduce B. lend C. add D. return

12.

A. problem B. purpose C. challenge D. truth

13.

A. doubts B. smiles C. dreams D. hugs

14.

A. luck B. patience C. love D. wisdom

15.

A. better B. simpler C. safer D. cleaner

Ⅳ.语法填空

Beijing Opera has 1. history of over 200 years. In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, four big opera groups 2. Anhui Province entered the capital,joining other operas together 3.（create） what we now know as Beijing Opera.

Over a period of more than half a century of combination of different kinds of operas there 4.（appear） present Beijing Opera. It is the most important of all traditional Chinese operas, and it has a rich 5.（collect） of works and a large number of famous artists 6. give it a great influence in China. The traditional plays share a large role in 7.（protect）Chinese culture for new generations.

Since Mei Lanfang, the great master of Beijing Opera, visited Japan in 1919,Beijing Opera 8.（become）more and more popular with people all over the world. It has made an excellent contribution to the 9.（culture） exchange between China and the West. Nowadays, you can 10.（frequent） find travelling groups of Beijing Opera performers in many foreign cities and local Chinatowns.

素养培优练（一）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

1. D

[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，通过说“你并不比其他的学生差”，Joe Clark鼓励学生提高自己。

2. B

[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词后breaking school rules可知，这300名学生违反校规，应是受到了某种惩罚。结合下文中The students who remained at school可推知，那300名学生应该是被开除了。

3. B

[解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1988, one teacher, said his methods were more like being in a labor camp than a public high school.”可知，一位老师批评了Joe Clark。

4. A

[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中“...unusual way of carrying out rules ...”以及第三段中“...he expelled 300 students for breaking school rules...”可推知，Joe Clark强硬且独特。

【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一位非传统的高中校长Joe Clark是如何教育学生的，以及他的教育特点。

5. B

[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段可知，无论是书籍《时间的皱纹》，还是电影《回到未来》内容都与时间旅行有关，这一类的书籍或者电影属于科幻类。

6. C

[解析]主旨大意题。根据第二段可知，本段是对时间旅行这个概念的解释。

7. C

[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段可知，阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的狭义相对论和广义相对论为时间旅行提供了理论支持。故选C项。

8. D

[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段“...may create an absurd situation. For example...how could you ever exist to travel back in time to cause the problem you just caused...”可推知，作者认为时间旅行可能会造成时间和空间的混乱。故选D项。

【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了时光穿越，并探讨了这种概念的可能性和本身存在的问题，并期待着时间穿越本身的问题能得到解决。

Ⅱ.七选五

1. C

[解析]下文提到老年人变矮是一个缓慢的过程，需要几年的时间。因此，C项（它不是急剧或突然发生的）与下文语意一致。

2. G

[解析]上下文讲的都是人体的骨骼发生的变化，因此G项（随着时间的推移，由于没有更新补充，骨量会流失）符合语境。

3. B

[解析]根据下文可知，该段讲的是通过合理饮食来令骨骼更强壮的方法。因此，B项符合题意。

4. E

[解析]根据上文可知，该段讲的是令骨骼强壮的第二个方法：经常锻炼，E项（持续锻炼能够帮助骨骼保持强壮）符合语境。

5. A

[解析]上文提到我们的身高在一天当中的不同时间也是不同的，我们在晚上会比在早上矮一点；下文提到经过一晚上的休息，我们的身高就会恢复。因此，A项在此承上启下。

【语篇导读】众所周知，人老了以后会变得越来越矮。为什么会出现这种情况呢？本文介绍了老年人变矮的原因。

Ⅲ.完形填空

1. D

[解析]根据上文“The middle of May is one of my favorite times of the year”可知，鸟鸣声对作者来说是悦耳的。

2. C

[解析]根据下文however可知，表示“这也有令人悲伤的时候”。

3. D

[解析]根据上文mow my yard可知，作者要砍掉毛茛。

4. B

[解析]根据下文“they get a foot high and I have to mow them too”可知，此处表示到了某个时候，它们长到一英尺高，作者也不得不修剪它们。

5. C

[解析]根据下文“they multiply more and more”可知，当作者把它们割掉的时候，作者很抱歉，但作者看到每年春天都有更多的它们又倍受鼓舞。

6. B

[解析]根据下文可知，刚开始的时候，作者的院子里只有几棵毛茛。

7. D

[解析]根据下文“they multiply more and more”可知，现在整个院子的前面都长满了毛茛。

8. A

[解析]它们的种子四处散布，然后繁殖得越来越多。

9. A

[解析]因为繁殖得越来越多，花就越来越多，所以庭院每年春天都比前一年更加美丽。

10. A

[解析]根据上一段可知，毛茛是一种花，这里作者把人们的生活比作这些花。

11. C

[解析]根据下文“it isn't just addition”可知，作者是鼓励人们自由地向这个世界添加他们的爱。

12. D

[解析]根据下文“it isn't just addition. It is multiplication.”可知，事实是，这不仅仅是添加。

13. B

[解析]根据上文“It is multiplication. Each smile you share brings out”可知，你分享的每一个微笑都会带动别人的微笑。

14. C

[解析]此处表示播撒爱和美丽的种子。

15. A

[解析]我们的生活就像毛茛，播撒爱和美丽的种子，让这个世界变得更美好。

【语篇导读】作者通过修剪自己院子里的毛茛这件事想到，我们应该在世界上播撒爱和美丽的种子，让这个世界变得更美好。

Ⅳ.语法填空

1. a

2. from

3. to create

4. appeared

5. collection

6. that

7. protecting

8. has become

9. cultural

10. frequently