山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期7月期末试题（Word版附解析），共23页。

2022—2023学年度第二学期高一教学质量检测
英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，认真核对条形码上的姓名、考生号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。
2.选择题答案必须使用2B铅笔(按填涂样例)正确填涂;非选择题答案必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the man watch first tonight?
A. A film. B. A game. C. A documentary.
2. How does the man feel?
A. Tired. B. Excited. C. Stressed.
3. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In an office. B. In a restaurant! C. In a supermarket.
4. Why does the woman make the call?
A. To ask for help. B. To express thanks. C. To make a suggestion.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A holiday plan. B. An English course. C. An exchange program.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1,5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What do the speakers need a hotel for?
A. A party. B. A wedding. C. A meeting.
7. What does the man dislike about the hotel?
A. The size. B. The price. C. The location
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What happened to the woman?
A. She lost her bus pass.
B. She took the wrong bus.
C. She missed the school bus.
9. What day is it today?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday.
10. What will the woman probably do after getting to school?
A. Talk to her teacher.
B. Borrow some money.
C. Go to the front office.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman say about the book for her report?
A. It’s lost. B. It’s damaged. C. It’s sold out
12. Why is the man’s uncle mentioned in the conversation?
A. He is a famous writer.
B. He used to work in the library.
C. He has many books on architecture.
13. What will the man probably do next?
A. Make a call. B. Attend a class. C. Go to the library.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What is the man’s position in the school newspaper?
A. An editor. B. A reporter. C. A photographer.
15. How did the man know the woman is a good writer?
A. He read her writing last year.
B. Her teacher recommended her.
C. She won a writing competition.
16. What does the man want the woman to do?
A. Write a book review.
B. Interview a teacher.
C. Report on a game.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the speaker talking to?
A. Visitors coming to the festival,
B. Villagers helping run the festival.
C. News reporters covering the festival,
18. What will the village raise money for?
A. Repairing a hall. B. Building a park. C. Helping the students.
19. How much did the village get for adult tickets last year?
A. £1,250. B. £2,000. C. £2,750.
20. What will the speaker discuss next?
A. The cost of the festival.
B. The place of the festival.
C. The influence of the festival.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Hertz International Car Rental Guide
Welcome to Hertz international car rental site! We look forward to assisting you with Hertz car rental worldwide. Drive the world with Hertz!
Why Hertz
Founded in 1918, Hertz is the world’s largest and most popular car rental company, with more than 750,000 vehicles stored in over 10,800 rental shops (2,000 airport locations) worldwide.
You can enjoy the fastest car rental service worldwide. No long queues. No unnecessary paperwork. Booking with your Hertz membership, you just go straight to your car and drive away. Return without waiting, and the electronic bill will be sent to your mail box in time.
Renters’ Qualification & Requirements
●Passport
● Min. 21 years old
●Valid (有效的) driving license, min. 1 year driving experience
●International Driving Permit (IDP) or China Driving License English Translation (only apply to China Driving License holders)
●Valid international credit card (Please note that your bank card should be valid at least 3 months from the date of return)
●Booking Confirmation ID
Please Note: Hertz locations in USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, most countries in Europe and Asia (excluding Japan and Korea) now accept China Driver’s License when it is accompanied (伴随) with an English translation. Please contact Hertz China Call Center 4008423604 or follow Hertz China official WeChat “HertzGuoJiZuChe” to apply for English translation of China Driver’s License for free.
1 What is an advantage of Hertz?
A. It gives paper bills without delay.
B. It provides certain free cars.
C. It has over 750,000 rental shops.
D. It offers the most convenient service.
2. What is necessary for a Chinese to rent a car from Hertz?
A. An age over 18.
B. A short time credit card.
C. An English edition of driver’s license.
D. At least 3 months driving experience.
3. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A webpage. B. A travel plan.
C. A sales advertisement. D. A guide book.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文是赫兹国际租车公司的租车指南，文章介绍了赫兹租车公司的基本情况和租车的相关条件。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Why Hertz中的“You can enjoy the fastest car rental service worldwide. No long queues. No unnecessary paperwork. Booking with your Hertz membership, you just go straight to your car and drive away. Return without waiting, and the electronic bill will be sent to your mail box in time.(您可以享受到全球最快的租车服务。不用排长队。没有不必要的文书工作。用你的赫兹会员预约，你只需要直接去找你的车，然后开车离开。不用等待返回，电子账单将及时发送到您的邮箱。)”可知，赫兹公司不用排长队，没有不必要的文书工作等等，提供了非常便利的租车服务。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Renters’ Qualification & Requirements中的“International Driving Permit (IDP) or China Driving License English Translation (only apply to China Driving License holders)(国际驾照或中国驾照英文翻译件(仅适用于持有中国驾照者))”可知，中国人租车需要有中国驾照的英文版。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话“Welcome to Hertz international car rental site!(欢迎光临赫兹国际租车网站！)”可知，这篇文章出自赫兹国际租车网站。故选A项。
B
LaKeicee was trying to plan a party, but Jaxson hadn’t made up his mind on how he wanted to celebrate. “Tell me what you want to do for your birthday,” LaKeicee said as his son’s birthday approached. She remembered her son looking at her for a moment before saying, “Let’s feed the homeless.” She thought he meant that he wanted to donate cans, or spend a day volunteering at a soup kitchen. But Jaxson had something bigger in mind.
“They need a full Easter meal like we do,” he said. LaKeicee asked him how many people he wanted to feed. “As many as possible,” Jaxson replied. “That’s how it all began,” LaKeicee recalled. “He’s been going ever since.”
Jaxson Turner, now 13, is the founder of his own charity—N2Y2C, a nonprofit he has been running with his mother’s help for three years. He has four main projects: feeding the homeless, domestic violence awareness, back to school supplies for classmates in need, and a Christmas project in partnership with Samaritan Inn.
Jaxson’s inspiration came from seeing people on corners begging for food. He saw it throughout the city and realized that people in need were everywhere. He also grew up cooking with his mother, who made a big Sunday dinner every week, and he wanted to give that experience to other people.
Jaxson raised money through grassroots efforts like lemonade stands and GoFundMe pages. Some of it was used to buy school supplies for over 100 kids a year, and some was used for a Christmas party he threw for the kids staying at Samaritan Inn, a homeless shelter in McKinney.
In total, he has raised $72,444 for N2Y2C project. N2Y2C doesn’t have a website, but it’s coming. Most of the words are spread over social media, but Jaxson has big plans for the future. As LaKeicee says, there’s always someone out there who needs help, and she is honored to help her son do it.
4. What did Jaxson want for his 10th birthday?
A. Holding a party
B. Supplying the homeless with food
C. Donating cans
D. Volunteering at a soup kitchen
5. What drove Jaxson to found the N2Y2C?
A. The desire to care for the beggars
B. The need to set up a website
C. The demand for raising money
D. The thirst for partners
6. What can we know about N2Y2C?
A. It makes great profits
B. It is intended for stay-at-home children
C. It turns out to be a success
D. It gains popularity among the young
7. What might be a suitable title for the text?
A. Hard Work Pays Off
B. Never Too Young to Care
C. One Good Turn Deserves Another
D. A Good Heart Is Better Than a Noble Position
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Jaxson成立自己的慈善机构N2Y2C的原因和过程。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“She remembered her son looking at her for a moment before saying, “Let’s feed the homeless.”(她记得儿子看了她一会儿，然后说:“让我们为无家可归的人提供食物吧。”)”可知Jaxson十岁生日的时候，想给无家可归的人提供食物。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Jaxson’s inspiration came from seeing people on corners begging for food. He saw it throughout the city and realized that people in need were everywhere.(Jaxson的灵感来自于看到街角乞讨的人。他看到整个城市都是这样，意识到到处都是需要帮助的人。)”可知，Jaxson看到街角乞讨的人，意识到到处都有人需要帮助。这驱使Jaxson创立了N2Y2C。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In total, he has raised $72,444 for N2Y2C project. N2Y2C doesn’t have a website, but it’s coming. Most of the words are spread over social media, but Jaxson has big plans for the future.(他总共为N2Y2C项目筹集了72,444美元。N2Y2C目前还没有网站，但网站即将创建。大多数词条都在社交媒体上传播，但Jaxson对未来有很大的计划。)”可知，Jaxson小小年纪，不仅创立了N2Y2C，而且还为该项目筹集了72,444美元，甚至还在社交媒体上传播，说明N2Y2C成功了，C项正确；根据文章第三段“N2Y2C, a nonprofit he has been running with his mother’s help for three years.( N2Y2C是他在母亲的帮助下经营了三年的非营利组织。)”可知，N2Y2C是非营利性组织，A项错误；根据第三段“He has four main projects: feeding the homeless, domestic violence awareness, back to school supplies for classmates in need, and a Christmas project in partnership with Samaritan Inn.(他有四个主要项目:为无家可归者提供食物、关注家庭暴力、为有需要的同学归还学校用品，以及与撒玛利亚酒店合作的圣诞节项目。)”可知，N2Y2C有四个不同项目，并非是为留守儿童，B项错误；D项文章未提及。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了Jaxson小小年纪就创立了慈善组织N2Y2C，去帮助有需要的人的故事，而N2Y2C实际上就是Never Too Young To Care的缩写。由此可知，B项Never Too Young to Care最能概括本文内容。故选B项。
C
Have you ever noticed an ant in your home, only to find that a week later the whole group has moved in? The traps you set up catch only a few of these ants, but soon, the rest of the group has mysteriously disappeared. Now a study published in the journal Cell explores how certain danger-signaling pheromones(信息激素)—the scent markers ants give off to communicate with each other — activate a specific part of the ants’ brains and can change the behavior of the whole nest.
This research suggests that ants have their own kind of communication center in their brains, similar to humans. This center can interpret alarm pheromones, or “danger signals”, from other ants. The researchers used an engineered protein called GCaMP to scan the brain activity of clonal raider ants(克隆蚁) that were exposed to danger signals. GCaMP works by attaching itself to calcium ions (钙离子), which light up with brain activity, and the resulting chemical compound can be seen on high-resolution microscopes adapted to view them.
When performing the scans, the researchers noticed that only a small section of the ants’ brains lit up in response to danger signals, but the ants still showed immediate and complex behaviors in response. These behaviors were named the “panic response” because they involved actions such as fleeing, and transporting their young from the nest toward a safer location.
For the purpose of this study, researchers chose clonal raider ants as a species because they are easy to control. They used ants of one sex within one class and role (female worker ants) to guarantee consistency and therefore make it easier to observe widespread patterns.
8. What does the study focus on?
A. The traps used to catch ants
B. How to activate dangerous signals
C. The reason why the whole ant group moves
D. How pheromones affect the ants’ behavior
9. What is presented in Paragraph 2?
A. The study procedure.
B. The research principles.
C. The chemical combination.
D. The adaption of microscope.
10. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. Panic causes the ants to flee.
B. GCaMP can activate the brain.
C The ants are sensitive to the pheromones.
D. The ants’ brains will light up during the research.
11. Why did the researchers choose ants of the same kind?
A. To shorten the experiment time
B. To ensure the reliability of the result.
C. To control the ants properly
D. To simplify the experimental process
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究探索了蚂蚁发出的危险信号信息激素是怎样激活蚂蚁大脑中的一小部分并引起整个巢穴改变行动的。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now a study published in the journal Cell explores how certain danger-signaling pheromones(信息激素)—the scent markers ants give off to communicate with each other — activate a specific part of the ants’ brains and can change the behavior of the whole nest.(现在，发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项研究探讨了某些危险信号信息素——蚂蚁发出的用来互相交流的气味标记物——如何激活蚂蚁大脑的特定部分，并改变整个巢穴的行为。)”可知，这项研究关注的是信息激素影响蚂蚁行为的方式。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The researchers used an engineered protein called GCaMP to scan the brain activity of clonal raider ants(克隆蚁) that were exposed to danger signals. GCaMP works by attaching itself to calcium ions (钙离子), which light up with brain activity, and the resulting chemical compound can be seen on high-resolution microscopes adapted to view them.(研究人员使用了一种名为GCaMP的工程蛋白来扫描暴露于危险信号的克隆蚁的大脑活动。GCaMP通过将自己附着在钙离子上来运行，钙离子会随着大脑活动而发光，由此产生的化合物可以在经过调整可以观察它们的高分辨率显微镜上看到。)”可知，研究人员使用GCaMP来扫描克隆蚁的大脑活动，因为GCaMP可以附在钙离子上，而钙离子会随着大脑活动发光，这样就可以在显微镜上看到产生的化合物。由此可推测出，这里主要解释了GCaMP的工作原理，从而呈现出整个研究所基于的原理。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When performing the scans, the researchers noticed that only a small section of the ants’ brains lit up in response to danger signals, but the ants still showed immediate and complex behaviors in response.(在进行扫描时，研究人员注意到，蚂蚁的大脑中只有一小部分会对危险信号做出发光反应，但蚂蚁仍然表现出即时而复杂的反应行为。)”可知，虽然在接收到危险信号信息激素时，蚂蚁的大脑中只有一小部分有反应，但蚂蚁仍然会立即做出复杂的反应行为。由此可推测出，蚂蚁对信息激素非常敏感。故选C。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“For the purpose of this study, researchers chose clonal raider ants as a species because they are easy to control.(出于这项研究的目的，研究人员选择克隆蚁作为一个物种，因为它们很容易控制。)”可知，研究人员选择同种蚂蚁是为了合理控制蚂蚁。故选C。
D
For some people, the term “black box” brings to mind the recording devices in airplanes that are valuable for later analyses if the unthinkable happens. But black box is also an important term in the world of artificial intelligence. AI black boxes refer to Al systems with internal workings that are invisible to the user. You can feed them input and get output, but you cannot examine the system’s logic that produced the output.
Machine learning is the main aspect of artificial intelligence. It is the basic of AI systems like ChatGPT. There are three parts to machine learning: an algorithm (算法) or a set of algorithms, training data and a model. An algorithm is a set of procedures. In machine learning, an algorithm learns to identify patterns after being trained on a large set of examples — the training data. Once a machine-learning algorithm has been trained, the result is a machine-learning model. The model is what people use. Any of the three parts of a machine-learning system can be hidden, or in a black box. So to protect their intellectual property, Al developers often put the model in a black box.
The opposite of a black box is sometimes referred to as a glass box. An Al glass box is a system whose algorithms, training data and model are all available for anyone to see.
In many cases there is a good reason to be careful of black box machine-learning algorithms and models. Suppose a machine-learning model has made a diagnosis about your health. Would you want the model to be in a black box or a glass box?
For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This assumption has largely been proved wrong because hackers can reverse (逆向)-engineer software and discover vulnerabilities to make use of. If software is in a glass box, then software testers and well-intentioned hackers can examine it and inform the creators of disadvantages, thereby reducing cyberattacks.
12. Why does the author mention “black box” in airplanes in the first paragraph?
A. To explain a rule. B. To introduce the topic.
C. To present a fact. D. To define a concept.
13. What’s the value of the AI black boxes?
A. Warning the hackers.
B. Recording important data.
C. Reducing internet crimes.
D. Protecting software systems.
14. What does the underlined word “vulnerabilities” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Possibilities. B. Flexibilities.
C. Weaknesses. D. Advantages.
15. What is the author’s attitude towards the AI boxes?
A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Indifferent. D. Approving.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能中的黑匣子概念。同时文章还提到了黑匣子的安全性问题，黑客可以通过逆向工程来发现漏洞，而玻璃盒可以减少网络攻击。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“But black box is also an important term in the world of artificial intelligence. AI black boxes refer to Al systems with internal workings that are invisible to the user. You can feed them input and get output, but you cannot examine the system’s logic that produced the output.( 但是黑匣子在人工智能领域也是一个重要的术语。人工智能黑匣子指的是具有用户不可见的内部工作原理的人工智能系统。你可以向它们提供输入并获得输出，但是你不能检查产生输出的系统逻辑。)”以及第二段中“Machine learning is the main aspect of artificial intelligence. It is the basic of AI systems like ChatGPT. There are three parts to machine learning: an algorithm (算法) or a set of algorithms, training data and a model. (机器学习是人工智能的主要方面。这是ChatGPT等人工智能系统的基础。机器学习有三个部分：一个算法(或一组算法)、训练数据和模型。)”可知，此处指出黑匣子指的是用户无法查看其内部工作原理的人工智能系统。由此文章通过介绍介绍黑匣子的工作原理来引出文章说明的内容即机器学习是人工智能的主要方面，它包括算法、训练数据和模型。故第一段中提到黑匣子的目的是引出文章主题。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“So to protect their intellectual property, Al developers often put the model in a black box.(因此，为了保护他们的知识产权，人工智能开发人员经常把模型放在一个黑匣子里。)”以及最后一段中“For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. (多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”可知，多年来黑匣子的价值是确保计算机系统的安全，即保护软件系统。故选D。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This assumption has largely been proved wrong(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。这种假设在很大程度上被证明是错误的)”可知，多年来很多人认为把软件放在黑匣子中是可以防止黑客攻击的，这是安全的，可是这种假设被证明是错误的。因为黑客可以通过逆向工程来检查软件并发现其存在的缺点（漏洞），并加以利用。故划线词与C选项“Weaknesses”为同义词，意为“缺点”。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For years, many people in the computing field thought that keeping software in a black box would prevent hackers (黑客) from examining it and therefore it would be secure. This assumption has largely been proved wrong (多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”以及“If software is in a glass box, then software testers and well-intentioned hackers can examine it and inform the creators of disadvantages, thereby reducing cyberattacks.(如果软件是在一个玻璃盒子里，那么软件测试人员和善意的黑客可以检查它，并告知创建者的缺点，从而减少网络攻击。)”可知，此处作者认为智能黑匣子既有优点又有缺点，故作者对它的态度是客观的。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Win and Lose with Grace
During my years as an early childhood teacher, I learned very quickly which children were driven to be the best—the winner. Some children were not especially bothered by losing, whereas others turned every opportunity into a competition. ____16____. However, we can help our children learn to handle it.
●Acknowledge disappointment from losing
Teach your child that it’s okay to feel disappointed after losing. ____17____. Some children may be ready to jump back in and play again. Others may need to ask for a hug, spend a little time alone, or read a book to calm down. It is never okay to say mean words about others.
●____18____
Share with your child that even if they feel upset or disappointed, they can congratulate those who did win. Find meaningful ways to be a good loser. Share a praise with other players to let them know something they did was really positive. Thinking about others’ feelings can often help children manage their own (e.g., “They worked really hard-just like me!”).
●Talk about luck and chance
Some games take very little effort to win or lose, relying mostly on chance. Talk with children about luck and chance and let them know that sometimes you choose cards that help you win and sometimes you don’t. ____19____.
●Focus on effort
____20____. When children are preparing for a competition, praise them for how hard they worked. Focus on effort even after a competition ends whether your child won or lost. This encourages children to recognize that they can improve and grow, making it more likely that they will try again.
A. Share praises with others
B. Practice good sportsmanship
C. Don’t make winning or losing too big of a deal
D. There are different ways to express that feeling
E. It can feel harder to lose at a game that relies on personal or team performance than lose a game based on chance
F. This is not your fault and does not reflect who you are
G. Managing feelings that come with losing can be challenging
【答案】16. G 17. D 18. B 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了几个帮助孩子体面地接受输赢的方式，
【16题详解】
前文“Some children were not especially bothered by losing, whereas others turned every opportunity into a competition.(有些孩子并没有因为输而特别烦恼，而另一些孩子则把每一个机会都变成了一场比赛。)”讲述了不同孩子对待输的方式。后文“However, we can help our children learn to handle it.(然而，我们可以帮助我们的孩子学会处理它。)”引出接下来要讲述的如何帮助孩子接受输的方式，且句中的However表明本句与空处形成转折，所以空处讲述的应是应对输掉的感觉有时候会很困难，G项“管理伴随着失败而来的情绪可能很有挑战性”符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
前文“Teach your child that it’s okay to feel disappointed after losing.(教你的孩子直到失败后感到失望是没关系的。)”讲述了要让孩子直到失败后有失望的情绪是正常的。后文“Some children may be ready to jump back in and play again. Others may need to ask for a hug, spend a little time alone, or read a book to calm down.(有些孩子可能已经准备好跳回去再玩了。其他人可能需要一个拥抱，花一点时间独处，或者读一本书来平静下来。)”讲述了不同的孩子在输掉后的不同反应。所以空处应是说有不同的表达失望情绪的方式，D项“有不同的方式来表达这种感觉”承上启下，选项中的that feeling对应前文中的feel disappointed。故选D。
【18题详解】
空处是本段小标题。结合上下文可知，这里应用祈使句。根据本段中的“Share with your child that even if they feel upset or disappointed, they can congratulate those who did win. Find meaningful ways to be a good loser. (告诉你的孩子，即使他们感到沮丧或失望，他们也可以祝贺那些获胜的人。找到有意义的方法来做一个好的失败者。)”可知，本段主要讲述了即使自己失败了，也要礼貌地祝贺其他获胜的人，体面地失败，这表达了良好的体育精神。B项“践行良好的体育精神”最能概括本段内容。故选B。
【19题详解】
前文“Talk with children about luck and chance and let them know that sometimes you choose cards that help you win and sometimes you don’t.(与孩子们谈论运气和机会，让他们知道有时你会选择有助于你获胜的牌，有时你不会。)”讲述了要让孩子知道有的时候输赢是看运气和机会的，所以接下来应讲述运气和机会的好坏并不是个人的问题，F项“这不是你的错，也不能反映你是谁”符合题意。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据本段小标题“Focus on effort(专注于努力)”和后文“When children are preparing for a competition, praise them for how hard they worked. Focus on effort even after a competition ends whether your child won or lost.(当孩子们准备比赛时，要表扬他们的努力。即使在比赛结束后，无论你的孩子赢了还是输了，都要关注努力。)”讲述了在比赛前后要关注孩子所付出的努力，E项“在一场依赖个人或团队表现的比赛中失利要比基于运气而在一场比赛中失败更难受。”强调了在付出努力的比赛中失败要比因运气不佳而失败会让人更难受，照应小标题中的“effort”，且选项中的a game与下文中的a competition相对应。故选E。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
At the Flosslande restaurant in scenic Augsburg, waiter Paul Blachut 24, is busy at work. Not far, some people are ____21____ with water in the Lech river, among whom are a mother and two teenage daughters. ____22____ Blachut hears the shout: “Three people are drowning in the river!” Blachut spots the three women a short distance away, moving their arms up and down, ____23____ to grasp anything they can.
Despite having no lifesaying training, he ____24____ out down to the riverbank. Then he jumps into the river. As he gets ____25____ to them, he can tell that the mother seems to be in the most trouble. Without ____26____ Blachut dive under the ____27____ woman, pushing her upward and using all his ____28____ to throw her toward the shore.
Blachut knows he needs to ____29____ the two daughters and they are now further down the river. He jumps into the current again, swims quickly downstream and manages to _____30_____ one. He pushes her toward the shore in the same _____31_____ he did to her mother, and is able to get her out, too.
Looking back to the river. Blachut can see someone is helping the girl’s sister, who has become _____32_____. As he gently lays her down, a bystander with _____33_____ training comes forward and _____34_____ to her. Thankfully, it’s no long before she comes back to life again. People _____35_____ their admiration for Blachut following the incident.
21. A. dealing B. playing C. working D. communicating
22. A. Suddenly B. Secretly C. Eventually D. Gradually
23. A. trembling B. wandering C. volunteering D. struggling
24. A. turns B. holds C. rushes D. walks
25. A. closer B. straighter C. slower D. later
26. A. anxiety B. hesitation C. doubt D. permission
27. A. dangerous B. thrilled C. disappointed D. scared
28. A. strength B. spirit C. courage D. pressure
29. A. help B. train C. rescue D. remove
30. A. take charge of B. take advantage of C. make use of D. get hold of
31. A. way B. purpose C. opinion D. situation
32. A. homeless B. fearless C. senseless D. worthless
33. A. physical B. medical C. military D. technical
34. A. appeals B. attaches C. contributes D. attends
35. A. describe B. expresses C. explains D. changes
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了24岁的Paul Blachut在工作时，看到母女三人落水，奋不顾身救人的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不远处，一些人正在莱赫河上玩水，其中有一位母亲和两个十几岁的女儿。A. dealing交易、解决；B. playing玩；C. working工作；D. communicating 沟通、交流。根据“some people are ____1____ with water in the Lech river”，应该是在河上玩水，才会掉进河里，playing符合语境。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，Blachut听到一声喊叫:“有三个人溺水了!”A. Suddenly突然；B. Secretly秘密地；C. Eventually最后；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据“Three people are drowning in the river!”可知，应该是突然间喊起来的，suddenly符合语境。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Blachut看到了不远处的三个女人，她们上下移动着手臂，挣扎着抓住任何能抓住的东西。A. trembling颤抖；B. wandering漫游、游荡；C. volunteering自愿；D. struggling挣扎。根据“Three people are drowning in the river!.”以及常识可知，人掉到河里后，会下意识的挣扎，struggling符合语境。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管没有接受过救生训练，他还是冲到了河边。A. turns转向；B. holds把握、保留；C. rushes冲、奔；D. walks散步、行走。根据“ out down to the riverbank.”可知，Blachut想去救人，应该是快步冲出去，rushes符合语境。故选C项。
25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他靠近它们时，他可以看出这位母亲似乎遇到了最大的麻烦。A. closer靠近的、更近的；B. straighter更直的；C. slower更慢的；D. later较晚的、稍后的。根据“Then he jumps into the river.”和“he can tell that the mother seems to be in the most trouble.”可知，Blachut跳进河里去救人，只有靠近了才能知道这三个人的情况，closer符合语境。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个处于危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。A. anxiety焦虑、忧虑；B. hesitation犹豫、不情愿；C. doubt怀疑、不确定；D. permission允许。根据前面的“he can tell that the mother seems to be in the most trouble.”可知，这位母亲情况最麻烦，所以应该是“毫不犹豫”地，hesitation符合语境。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个处于危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。A. dangerous危险的；B. thrilled非常兴奋的、极为激动的；C. disappointed感到失望的；D. scared感到害怕的。根据前面的“he can tell that the mother seems to be in the most trouble.”可知，这位母亲的情况最麻烦，所以应该是“危险的”，dangerous符合语境。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。A. strength力量；B. spirit精神；C. courage勇气；D. pressure压力。根据“pushing her upward and using all his ____8____ to throw her toward the shore”可知，Blachut要救这位母亲，所以应该是用尽“力气”将她拽向岸边。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：Blachut知道他需要拯救两个女儿，她们现在在河的下游。A. help帮助；B. train训练；C. rescue营救、援救；D. remove移开、拿开。根据后面的“He jumps into the current again”可知，Blachut是要“救”这两个女儿，rescue符合语境。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：他再次跳入水流，迅速游向下游，并设法抓住了一个。A. take charge of负责、掌管；B. take advantage of利用、占便宜；C. make use of利用；D. get hold of抓紧。根据“manages to ____10____ one”以及常识可知，要救人肯定得“抓着”她，get hold of符合语境。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把她推到岸边，就像他对她妈妈做的那样，也能把她弄出来。A. way方式、手段；B. purpose目的；C. opinion意见、看法；D. situation情况。根据“He pushes her toward the shore in the same ____11____ he did to her mother, and is able to get her out, too.”可知，应该是用同样的“方式”将女孩弄上岸，in the same way为固定搭配，表示“以同样的方式”。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Blachut可以看到有人在帮助女孩的妹妹，她已经失去了知觉。A. homeless无家可归的；B. fearless无谓的、大胆的；C. senseless无意识的；D. worthless无价值的。根据常识以及后面的“it’s no long before she comes back to life again.”可知，人落水久了会“失去意识”，senseless符合语境。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他轻轻地放下她时，一个受过医疗训练的旁观者走上前来照顾她。A. physical身体的、物质的；B. medical医学的、医疗的；C. military军事的、军队的；D. technical技术的、专业的、专门的。根据“a bystander with ____13____ training comes forward and ____14____ to her”和“Thankfully, it’s no long before she comes back to life again.”可知，能让她再活过来，应该是“受过医疗训练”的人在帮忙，medical符合语境。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他轻轻地放下她时，一个受过医疗训练的旁观者走上前来照顾她。A. appeals恳求、吸引；B. attaches附加、连接；C. contributes贡献；D. attends照顾、照料。根据“a bystander with ____13____ training comes forward and ____14____ to her”可知，有受过医疗训练的路人照顾她，所以才能很快醒过来，attend to sb为固定搭配，表示“照顾某人”。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事件发生后，人们表达了对Blachut的钦佩之情。A. describe描述、形容；B. expresses表达；C. explains解释、说明；D. changes改变、变化。根据“People ____15____ their admiration for Blachut following the incident.”可知，人们应该是“表达”了对Blachut的钦佩，expresses符合语境。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
36. That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its ______ (popular).(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】popularity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：足球是一项如此简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，popular“受欢迎的”，名词形式是popularity，不可数名词，故填popularity。
37. ______ (see) quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times, I was full of confidence— until the Peking Opera came to town! (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having seen
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看过好几部哈姆雷特的作品，读了很多遍这部剧，我充满了信心——直到京剧来到城里！结合句意分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词此处需要使用非谓语动词，动词see与主语I之间为主动关系,且在谓语动作之前已经发生或完成,应用现在分词的完成时having done，位于句首注意大写，故填Having seen。
38. Mum ______ (use) Dad’s phone to take photos of the colorful little houses along the coast when we saw something amazing — a killer whale. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was using

【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：妈妈正在用爸爸的手机拍海边五彩缤纷的房子，这时我们看到了令人惊奇的东西——一头虎鲸。根据句意可知，此处是固定句型be doing sth. when...“正在做某事，这时……”，由时间状语从句的时态可知，此处描述过去正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时。故填was using。
39. He came to see people ______ a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁,而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。短语see sth as...“视某物为......”符合句意，故填as。
40. After repeating this process a few times, they eventually found the ideal distance ______ they could feel warm while managing not to hurt each other. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在重复这个过程几次之后，他们最终找到了一个理想的距离，既能感到温暖，又不会伤害对方。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词distance，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
41. He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out ______ (welcome) him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to welcome
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他还看到数百名兴高采烈的学生前来欢迎他。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处需要使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用不定式作目的状语，故填to welcome。
42. ______ remains important is that we have an incredible desire to think and create, and that’s the real spirit of invention. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：仍然重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望，这是真正的发明精神。分析句子结构，空处引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作主语，结合表语“that we have an incredible desire to think and create”，这里指“……的事物”，所以应用连接代词what引导主语从句。故填What。
43. Or was it simply ______ (cheap) to paint himself than to pay for a model? (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cheaper
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：或者仅仅是因为自己画画比花钱买模特便宜？由than可知，此处应用cheap的比较级cheaper，作表语，故填cheaper。
44. The horses, whether resting ______ on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】or
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：这些马，无论是在休息还是在行进，都给了他很多灵感。短语whether...or...“无论……还是……”符合句意，故填or。
45. For those people, climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other, ______ (make) some feel weak and others, powerful. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一次独一无二的经历，让一些人感到脆弱的同时让另一些人则感到强大。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词此处使用非谓语动词。主语climbing Qomolangma与make之间为主动关系，此处使用现在分词作状语，故填making。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节书面表达(满分25分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Ryan想学习一项中国传统艺术。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍你学习这项艺术的经历；
2.分享你的心得感悟。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Ryan,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
I was thrilled to hear that you are interested in learning a traditional Chinese art form. I have been studying Chinese calligraphy for the past few years and I would be more than happy to share my experiences and insights with you.
My journey in learning Chinese calligraphy began when I was in high school. I was always fascinated by the beauty and elegance of the characters. Calligraphy is not just about writing characters, but also about expressing emotions and capturing the essence of the subject matter, which requires a calm and focused mind to create each stroke with intention and grace.
If you have any further questions or need more guidance, please feel free to ask. I am here to support you in your journey of learning Chinese calligraphy.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英国笔友Ryan想学习一项中国传统艺术，要求考生给他写信介绍自己学习某项艺术的经历以及分享自己的心得感悟。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
非常：more than → greatly/extremely
捕捉：capture→ seize
需要：require→ need
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I have been studying Chinese calligraphy for the past few years and I would be more than happy to share my experiences and insights with you.
拓展句：I have been studying Chinese calligraphy for the past few years and I would be more than happy to share my experiences and insights with you, which can be greatly beneficial.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I was thrilled to hear that you are interested in learning a traditional Chinese art form. （运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Calligraphy is not just about writing characters, but also about expressing emotions and capturing the essence of the subject matter, which requires a calm and focused mind to create each stroke with intention and grace.（运用了which引导的定语从句以及not only…but also…的并列结构）
第二节(满分15分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一个完整的故事。续写的词数应为80左右。
The Magic Birthday Candles in Space
(An excerpt from a science fiction)
My birthday was going to be extra special for two reasons. For one thing, like Commander Park said, “Nobody’s ever turned nine in space before, David.” Mom, my sister Rebekah, and I were moving to Mars for a year. We’d spent almost two weeks in the spaceship so far.
I was trying to keep the other reason secret. But the day before my birthday, Rebekah caught me with my cheeks puffed (膨胀) way out. “What are you doing? Practicing to blow out all the candles this year?” She laughed. “This time I will,” I said. “Everybody on the ship will be watching, so...”
“Oh, David,” my sister interrupted.
“Your cake can’t have candles. Fire on a spaceship is too dangerous.”
When I turned away, she patted my shoulder. “At least you don’t have to worry about blowing them all out.”
Our mother has an important job, maintaining the ship’s electrical systems. Besides, I wanted to act mature about this. If I couldn’t blow out the candles like I wanted, at least I was old enough not to complain about it.
After dinner on my birthday, Mom floated into the cafeteria, carrying my birthday cake. I was amazed. “Candles!” I shouted, staring at the nine shining on top of the cake. “I thought fire wasn’t allowed on a spaceship.” “Look closer,” my mother said. The candles were really electrical lights, with tiny flame-shaped bulbs.
“Awesome,” I said. “But I wish I could blow them out.”
She laughed, then made a blow, and all nine went out. Another puff, and they lit up again.
“Everybody, sing!” ordered Commander Park. Once the passengers and crew were done, I took my deepest ever breath. I’m nine now. I can do this! I thought. Everyone watched the candles. Whoosh! I blew as hard as I could. All the ship’s lights went out! Everyone gasped (倒抽一口气).
“You didn’t have to blow that hard, David,” said Rebekah. I laughed, and so did Commander Park. Someone asked, “What’s wrong? When is the backup power coming on?”
“I’ll take a look. Does anyone have a flashlight on them?” said Mom.
No one would ever think of taking a flashlight to a birthday party.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
No one would ever think of taking a flashlight to a birthday party. “Could you use the candles?” I asked and pulled one candle out. “Good idea,” said Commander Park, with an excited look on his face. Mom plucked a candle off the cake. I plucked another seven candles and gave them out so that the ship was dotted with mellow light. Watching tiny lights moving around in zero gravity was fun and somewhat cheerful. “Wow,” whispered Rebekah. “Looks like fireflies in space, David.” It wasn’t long before Mom had the spaceship’s lights working again. And that’s how I helped fix the spaceship’s lights with lights of my own. Definitely my most awesome birthday ever!
【解析】
【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，作者David九岁的生日将非常特别，一是因为这将在太空中度过，之前还没有人这样做过，二是因为作者在拼命练习吹气，希望能吹灭今年所有的生日蜡烛。但是妹妹Rebekah提醒作者蛋糕上不能有蜡烛，因为在宇宙飞船上点火太危险了。虽然作者有些失落，但是他想表现得成熟一些。生日那天，妈妈拿着蛋糕进入餐厅，作者惊讶地发现有蜡烛，妈妈告诉作者这九个蜡烛是电灯。随着作者一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛，船上的灯也都灭了，大家笑起来，妈妈想用借用手电筒去检查电源。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
由所给段落开头语“没有人会想到带手电筒去参加生日聚会。”可知，该段可描写作者想到办法用电灯蜡烛给妈妈去检查电源，飞船里闪着电灯蜡烛的场景，妈妈顺利解决电源问题，作者对此的感受。
2. 续写线索：没有手电筒——作者想到办法——飞船里的场景——解决问题——感受
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①询问：ask/question/query
②拔：pluck/pull/take/remove
③看：watch/observe/view
④低语：whisper/murmur/say under one’s breath
⑤维修：fix/repair/mend/restore
情绪类
①兴奋的：excited/thrilled/exhilarated
②令人愉快的：cheerful/pleasant/cheering
【点睛】[高分句型1] I plucked another seven candles and gave them out so that the ship was dotted with mellow light. (so that引导结果状语从句)
[高分句型2] Watching tiny lights moving around in zero gravity was fun and somewhat cheerful. (动名词短语Watching…作主语)
[高分句型3] And that’s how I helped fix the spaceship’s lights with lights of my own. (连接副词how引导名词性从句作表语)