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高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题10阅读理解之词句猜测题——胆大心细（含解析）
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这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题10阅读理解之词句猜测题——胆大心细（含解析），共24页。
专题10 阅读理解之词句猜测题——胆大心细
层级二
拉分题目分分抢
相较于细节理解题来说，阅读理解题型中的推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题，题目相对比较难。对于这类题目，在考前复习中要特别关注，要迎难而上，认真分析，努力争创高分。
近3年高考词句猜测题题量统计
考纲解读
年份
卷别
2022
2021
2020
(1)词句猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词语或句子的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词语或句子前后的内容)进行推理。
(2)词句猜测题主要涉及单词意义理解、词块意义理解、句子意义理解和代词指代对象确定等。
新高考卷Ⅰ
1
1
新高考卷II
2
1
全国卷Ⅰ(全国乙卷)
1
1
1
全国卷Ⅱ(全国甲卷)
1
1
2
全国卷Ⅲ
1
词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、词块或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断。词句猜测题是英语高考阅读理解中的必考题型， 一般每套试卷中的考查数量不超过2道，但是学生理解有一定的难度，易错，属于拉分题。因此要掌握好词句猜测题技法， 做到分分都要得。
命题方式
解题捷径
选项特征
1.The phrase “...” in the sentence could be replaced by ________．
2．The word “...” in the paragraph refers to ________．
3．What does the underlined word mean in the...paragraph?
4．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？
5．The word “...” most nearly means __________.
6．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________．
考生做词句猜测题时既要能够大胆地根据上下文线索进行猜测；又要心细如发、有凭有据，从而猜测出正确答案。常见技巧有：
1．利用构词法；
2．利用上下文语境；
3．利用语法关系；
4．利用逻辑关系；
5．利用线索关系。
正确选项特征
1．含义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。
2．上下文逻辑通顺。
3．与原句意思最接近。
干扰选项特征
1．与所考词汇形似。
2．如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。
3．句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
微技能一 词语猜测题——巧用线索猜词义
词语猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个单词或词块的含义，或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词或词块代替。此外，也会考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。近几年高考每套题一般考查一个小题，个别情况考查两个小题，主要考查以下几个方面：1.纲外陌生词(词块/习语)；2.陌生派生词或合成词；3.熟词(词块)生义；4.有特殊含义的词块。
利用构词法猜测词义
构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。例如2019年全国卷Ⅱ第25题：tug at the heartstrings中的heartstrings是合成词：heart(心)＋string(弦)→heartstrings(心弦)，故本单词可能与feeling有关。
【典例1】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅱ阅读 B)
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high.I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.Now was the spring of the water pistol (手枪)．
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring，and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.Usually the__offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.【出处：】
25．What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to?
A．The student’s parent. B．The maker of the Grandma’s Box.
C．The author’s grandchild. D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.
【分析】 利用构词法猜测词义。er为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示“做某事的人或物”；offend为动词，意为“违反；冒犯”，故offender有“犯规者，违反者”的含义。结合前文中出现的“forbidden fruit”，以及后文提到“return the belonging”，可推断犯规者指的是拥有前述forbidden fruit的人。故选D。
利用上下文猜测词义
这是最常见的方法，一定要先从画线词语最近的位置找起，要求理解句子的顺序是：本句的意思→前后句的意思→本段和前后段的意思m
【典例2】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever－increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)．
29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
【分析】 利用上下文猜测词义。文章前两句说，当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天上和大地上有许多各种各样的野生动物。美洲土著人很聪明地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。下一句中的unfortunately表示转折意义，由此推断，画线单词所在句“Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”意思是“不幸的是，仅仅几十年后，探险家和定居者就毁灭了大部分资源。”也就是说，画线单词decimate意思是“破坏；毁灭(destroy) ”。首段最后两句“Millions of waterfowl...greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)．”进一步说明了“探险家和定居者对这里资源的破坏”。故选D。
利用语法关系猜测词义
【典例3】 (2021·全国甲卷阅读C)
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite：Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don’t worry about it.Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up：Safe, man.Safe.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting：“Safe!__Safe!__Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.21·世纪教29．What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well done!
C．No way! D．Don’t worry!
【分析】 利用语法关系猜测词义。根据画线词后文的解释说明“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。故选B。
利用逻辑关系猜测词义
【典例4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.版权所有
13．What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
【分析】利用逻辑关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反。故选D。
微技能二 代词猜测题——就近原则找指代
代词猜测题主要考查文章中的人称代词、不定代词、指示代词或关系代词所指代的内容。
解答这类题目的时候一定要遵循就近原则，即：代词往上找，就近原则不能忘，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等。2m
【典例5】 (2020·浙江7月卷阅读B)
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue，Washington，generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row，especially at rush hour.At 9：30 am，the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9：33 am，a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.Less traffic at 9：37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design.Bellevue，a fast－growing city just east of Seattle，uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US：intersection(十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.These lights，known as adaptive signals，have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
25．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Increased length of green lights. B．Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing of traffic signals. D．Smooth traffic flow on the road.
【分析】
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2
第二步 定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的内容：根据代词永远出现在原词之后的原则，故代词所指代的内容应在这一句的前面一句或者前面几个句子中。所以该词所代替的内容为：Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.
第三步 综合判断得出答案：that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间。故选C。
微技能三 句意猜测题——意义吻合推句意
句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。
【典例6】 (2019·浙江6月卷阅读B)
Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?21**com
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
【分析】
第一步 定位到原句，找出题干关键信息在原文中的位置：money with no strings attached
第二步 寻找信息句，找出与该句相关的信息句：“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
第三步 分析选项，细读信息句，合理推断画线句的句意。综合判断得出画线句的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。
第四步 仔细比对选项，“Money offered without conditions.”符合句意。故选C。
精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2022·全国·高考甲卷）
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
Passage 2、（2022·全国·高考乙卷）
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【详情解析】
【C】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
Passage 3、（2021·全国新高考II卷）
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Behave badly. B．Lose their way. C．Sleep soundly. D．Miss their mom.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
Passage 4、 （2021·浙江高考真题）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A．records B．predicts C．delays D．confirms
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
【详情解析】
【A】词义猜测题。根据本句“a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.（这部电影charts世界网络的诞生，世界网络这个组织的共同目标是让孩子们走进大自然。），由“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。故选A项。
Passage 5、（2020·山东高考真题）
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【语篇解读】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（2022·河北·石家庄二中模拟预测）
By 2050, the United Nations says, we’re going to need 70 percent more food to feed the nine billion people living on Earth. Sara Menker says the problem may be even more urgent than the U.N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a “tipping point,” beyond which global food markets become too overloaded to function effectively, could come in just a few years.
“We discovered that the world will be short 214×1012 calories by 2027,” she said. Or, in more familiar terms: “A single Big Mac has 563 calories. That means the world will be short 380 billion Big Macs in 2027. That is more Big Macs than McDonald’s has ever produced.”
Menker cannot change the world alone. But the firm she started, Gro Intelligence, is providing information that food companies, insurers, lenders and policymakers use to make food production more effective, and perhaps help protect against that tipping point.
Gro tracks 650×1012 data points daily — from sources such as government and local food reports, satellite photos, long-term weather forecasts and greenhouse gas measurements — and creates computer models so that food companies, such as Unilever and Yum! Brands, can know how prices are likely to trend, calculate surpluses (过剩) and shortages, and be more flexible when climate change makes food supplies harder to predict.
A type of artificial intelligence known as machine learning is key to dealing with the data because, as Allison Tepley of Gro’s staff put it, “The best information is often local information, but it’s often in local languages, in different forms and it all needs to be put together.”
Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices.
What might the underlined words “locust infestation” be in the last paragraph?
A．A data-driven drug. B．A language-based approach.
C．A food-related disaster. D．A production-centered policy.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为应对全球将面临的粮食短缺问题，Sara Menker创建的公司Gro Intelligence正在运用人工智能处理数据来帮助解决这一问题。
【详情解析】
【C】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices. （中国的非洲猪瘟(2018年导致猪肉产量减少30%)、2020年东非的 locust infestation 以及全球食品价格通胀等问题都引发了升温。）”可推知，locust infestation与African swine fever （非洲猪瘟）和global inflation in food prices（全球食品价格通胀）并列，故画线短语“locust infestation”应该也是指与粮食有关的疾病。故选C。
Passage 2、（2022·山西大附中三模）
For years, Apple's business has centered around the iPhone, but sales of that once-revolutionary but now commonplace device have slowed. And the entire world of computers has been flipped (翻动) on its head. Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware, selling iCloud storage to its customers, a $10 a month music streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.
But Monday's concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level. Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.
Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.
The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.
In fact, the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receiving data. And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, which now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services, which is a fancy term for data center usage and storage.
The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply, “It's show time.” The question now is whether Apple can break a leg.
What does the underlined word “revenue” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Income. B．Advertisements. C．Equipment. D．Games.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡，以期和竞争者竞争。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的“And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft（在这个领域，苹果已经落后于谷歌、亚马逊和微软等公司）”可知，苹果落后于别的公司就说明别家公司赚到钱了，which指代先行词“companies”，因此“now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services”的意思是“现在通过销售云服务获得了可观的收入”，因此划线词的意思是“收入”，即Income。故选A。
Passage 3、（2022·内蒙古·赤峰二中模拟预测）
Without less public attention, the nation’s egg producers are in the midst of a multibillion-dollar shift to cage-free eggs that is dramatically changing the lives of millions of hens in response to new laws and demands from restaurant chains. In a decade, the percentage of hens in cage-free housing has soared from 4% in 2010 to 28% in 2020, and that figure is expected to more than double to about 70% in the next four years.
The change marks one of the animal welfare movement’s biggest successes after years of battles with the food industry. The transition has cost billions of dollars for producers who initially resisted calls for more humane treatment of chickens but have since fully embraced the new reality.
Beginning in about 2015, many companies such as McDonald’s, Burger King responded to pressure from animal welfare groups by announcing their commitment to cage-free eggs. That was followed by laws requiring cage-free housing in California and similar rules in at least seven other states. Meanwhile, they widely promoted their move to cage-free as good for their brand’s image.
Animal rights groups have made allowing animals room to move a priority in their campaigns but the results have been mixed. The pork industry is fighting to block the California initiative that required more space for breeding pigs, and a state judge recently delayed implementation of new rules.
Looking years into the future, egg company leaders said they think the demand for cheaper eggs from caged hens will remain roughly 25% or more of the market, but Balk at the Humane Society said he expects it to become a tiny percentage of overall sales. Balk notes that hundreds of national retailers, restaurants, grocers and food manufacturers either have implemented cage-free requirements or plan to do so within a few years. “This is the future of every state in America,” he said.
What does the underlined word in Para 2 mean?
A．Accepted. B．Abandoned. C．Changed. D．Adapted.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国正在推广散养鸡蛋，这一变化标志着动物福利运动在与食品行业斗争多年后取得的最大成功之一。文章介绍了这一举动带来的影响以及散养蛋未来的前景。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The transition has cost billions of dollars for producers who initially resisted calls for more humane treatment of chickens but have since fully”可知，but表示转折，说明这一转变为生产商带来了数十亿美元的成本，他们最初抵制更人道对待鸡的呼吁，但后来完全接受了新的现实。故画线词意思是“接受”。故选A。
Passage 4、（2022-2023·吉林·东北师大附中第一次摸底考试）
When Ryad Alsous arrived in England, he knew one thing: he wanted to keep bees. The insects had been a major part of his life in Syria, and fleeing his war-tom homeland was a precious certainty amid so much chaos.
As a lecturer at the University of Damascus, Ryad had built a respected reputation for his research on Syrian bees. With over 500 hives, he produced over ten tons of honey every year. Fleeing his country in 2013, he lost everything.
Yet even with all his knowledge and experience, Ryad didn’t know if his dream would be possible in the UK. “I found that there is a lot of rain and the temperature isn’t very high. All the time I was thinking, ‘How can I set up another project here?’”
The wet weather wasn’t Ryad’s only challenge. The language barrier and a vastly overqualified CV made it difficult to find work. Eventually, Ryad volunteered at the Huddersfield Beekeepers’ Association, but he was still without a colony of his own. Finally, Facebook brought him into contact with a woman in Manchester who was willing to donate an entire colony of rare British black bees.
“In one year, I was able to split the colony she gave me into seven. I realized that the beekeeping project could become very profitable and successful in the UK.”
Soon, Ryad found himself with 17 hives, but he wasn’t finished yet. His inner teacher was itching to get out. Through City of Sanctuary, a British refugee charity, Ryad began to run beekeeping workshops for refugees and jobseekers. The Buzz Project was born.
Today, the Buzz Project houses 14 hives, where Ryad shares his expertise. It has started to bear fruit. Last year, they produced half a ton of honey(around 1,000 jars). But for Ryad, the most important thing is bringing people together.
“We have local people, jobseekers and volunteers, in addition to refugees. All of them work together doing the same job. The exchange between the groups, the information and skills helps them integrate very well and improve their language skills,” he says.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 6 imply?
A．He wanted to share his beekeeping skills. B．He decided to find a teaching job.
C．He wanted to expand his business. D．He decided to establish a beekeeping school.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述Ryad在英国克服重重困难，找到养蜂这一谋生之路，并帮助他人以回馈社会。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据划线部分前面的“Through City of Sanctuary, a British refugee charity, Ryad began to run beekeeping workshops for refugees and job seekers. (通过英国难民慈善机构“避难所之城”， Ryad开始为难民和求职者开办养蜂讲习班)”可猜测划线处意思是他想分享养蜂技巧，因此才有了慈善机构。即画线句子意思是“他想分享他的养蜂技巧”。故选A。
Passage 5、（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中10月份月考试题）
It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. It was on a four-lane road that went straight from the heart of Austin to West Texas. Once, Dan’s Depot had been outside of the city. But with Austin’s population growing and the city’s expansion, it was swallowed up by high-rise buildings and skyscrapers.
I’ve been familiar with Dan’s Depot since I played my first show there. Like most waiters in Austin, I’m actually a musician. The woman who welcomes customers is Dan’s wife Maude.
I slid my truck into the last free spot and headed to the door. “How’s it going, Maude?” I asked. “David, I just don’t know what we’re going to do,” she said. “Our contract with the landlord is up for renewal at the end of the month, and he has doubled the rent. Even if we charged twice as much for the snacks and shows, we could never make ends meet.”
My heart dropped. On some level, I’d been expecting to hear this news for as long as I’d been coming to Dan’s Depot. After all, Dan’s Depot was now sandwiched between a shop selling yoga pants to people who could afford personal trainers and a luxury furniture store where even a simple dining chair cost more than S1, 000. How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors?
“What are you going to do with this place? Are you moving?” I asked. She shook her head slowly. “I just don’t know. Dan and I are not as young as we used to be.”
I patted her on the shoulder and made my way to the tables near the stage. Memories sprung up in my mind. Most of my musical ideas came to me while I was watching live shows here at Dan’s Depot. When the song ended, I got up and went back to Maude.
“What if I run the new Dan’s Depot?” I asked her. She stared at me, surprised.
“Hear me out,” I said. “I’ve got enough money to go in with you and Dan as a third partner. I know the Texas music scene in and out, and I can get the best new bands in here every week. We’ll move it way down South Congress Avenue, where it’s still close enough to be accessible from downtown but the rent is more affordable. And most importantly, this place means a lot to me.”
Maude was still staring at me silently. I began to grow uneasy. Had I offended her? I started apologizing. She cut me off with a huge embrace. “Honey, I think that’s a fantastic idea.”
The underlined word “oasis” in Paragraph 1 refers to a place where the author ________.
A．parks his truck B．finds joy and relaxation
C．works full-time D．grabs a meal at night
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者心目中的绿洲Dan’s Depot面临即将倒闭的风险，作者建议换一种方式来经营这个事业。文章告诉我们：每一个结束都是一个新的开始。
【详情解析】
【B】词句猜测题。由第一段中的“It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. (德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一个星期四晚上，时间已经很晚了，我刚结束在市中心的轮班。我跳上卡车，离开混乱，前往我自己的私人oasis——Dan’s Depot)”和第四段中的“How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors? (这家小小的现场音乐酒吧怎么能与这些邻居共存？)”可知，作者下班之后开车离开混乱的地方，去现场音乐酒吧Dan’s Depot，应该是去放松自己的，oasis意为“可以找到快乐和放松（finds joy and relaxation）的地方”。故选B项。
Passage 6、（2022·上海·复旦附中高三第一次教学质量检测）
Noah reached for his guitar, remembering his father as he did so, thinking how much he missed him. He strummed once, adjusted the tension on two strings, then strummed again. This time it sounded about right, and he began to play.
Soft music, quiet music. He hummed for a little while at first, then began to sing as night came down around him. He played and sang until the sun was gone and the sky black. It was a little after seven when he quit, and he settled back into his chair and began to rock. By habit, he looked upward and saw Orion and the Big Dipper, Gemini and the Pole Star, twinkling in the autumn sky. He started to run the numbers in his head, then stopped. He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought, and he had a hard time understanding people who felt otherwise. It was another trait he got from his father.
Clem, his hound dog, came up to him then and nuzzled his hand before lying down at his feet. “Hey, girl, how’re you doing?” he asked as he patted her head, and she whined softly, her soft round eyes peering upward. A car accident had taken her leg, but she still moved well enough and kept him company on quiet nights like these. He was thirty-one now, not too old, but old enough to be lonely. He hadn’t dated since he’d been back here, hadn’t met anyone who remotely interested him. It was his own fault, he knew. There was something that kept a distance between him and any woman who started to get close, something he wasn’t sure he could change even if he tried. And sometimes in the moments right before sleep came, he wondered if he was destined to be alone forever.
The evening passed, staying warm, nice. Noah listened to the crickets and the rustling leaves, thinking that the sound of nature was more real and aroused more emotion than things like cars and planes. Natural things gave back more than they took, and their sounds always brought him back to the way man was supposed to be. “It’ll keep you from going crazy,” his father had told him the day he’d shipped out. “It’s God’s music and it’ll take you home.” He finished his tea, went inside, found a book, then turned on the porch light on his way back out. After sitting down again, he looked at the book. It was old, the cover was torn, and the pages were stained with mud and water.
It was Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, and he had carried it with him throughout the war. It had even taken a bullet for him once. He rubbed the cover, dusting it off just a little. Then he let the book open randomly and read the words in front of him: This is thy hour O Soul, thy free flight into the wordless. Away from books, away from art, the day erased, the lesson done. Thee fully forth emerging, silent, gazing, pondering the themes thou lovest best. Night, sleep, death and the stars. For some reason Whitman always reminded him of New Bern, and he was glad he’d come back. Though he’d been away from fourteen years, this was home and he knew a lot of people here, most of them from his youth. Like so many southern towns, the people who lived here never changed, they just grew a bit older.
The underlined sentence in paragraph two is the equivalent of “_________”.
A．he hated those who were unable to appreciate simple things in life
B．he didn’t see eye to eye with people who liked to save money
C．he had difficulty in figuring out how he got this trait from his father
D．he didn’t understand why people were so materialistic
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了回到老家的某天Noah弹吉他时的感触。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。根据划线部分上文“He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought,(他知道自己几乎把所有的积蓄都花在了房子上，很快就得再找一份工作了，但他放弃了这个想法，决定享受剩下的几个月的修缮工作，不用担心。此外，想到钱通常会让他感到厌烦。早期，他学会了享受简单的东西，那些买不到的东西)”可知，Noah此刻享受的是用金钱无法买来的东西，由此可知划线句子意为“他不明白为什么有的人很物质（把快乐建立在物质生活上）”。故选D。
Passage 7、（2022·江苏·连云港高中高三10月调研考试）
Plastic fishing nets, the so-called ghost nets, abandoned yearly in the sea—about 1 million tons—are more than just rubbish; they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.
Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets. Last month, Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets for the first time. The company estimates this year alone it can recycle over 50 tons of ocean-bound plastic into the key components that will go into its smartphones, tablets, and computers, thus taking a bite out of the global ghost nets problem.
It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act. The nets are typically made of a substance called nylon which tends to dramatically degrade (降解) the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to the sun. “This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,” Rathore explains. Besides, high-performance smartphone, tablet, or PC has to be waterproof and can survive severe weather. The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability (耐用).
To deal with that problem, Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners: one to collect and transform the nets into tiny nylon pellets (颗粒) while the other to strengthen their toughness and durability. The end result: The partners hit upon an eco-friendly and high-performance plastic material that’s being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products. For example, two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phone—the key bracket and the inner cover—are made of these fishing-net plastic materials. Samsung aims to use even more upcycled materials in future product lines.
“That’s the hope for the globe and our mission,” Rathore smiles.
What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Rubbish in the sea. B．Recycling the deadly nets.
C．Ocean species’ extinction. D．Ghost nets’ threat to sea life.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了三星公司Rathore和他的团队致力于将废弃的渔网回收再利用，并成功将其用于制作三星Galaxy系列手机，在这个突破之后，三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段的ghost nets（幽灵网）以及“they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.（它们是杀手。鱼类，海鸟和海龟会被渔网捕获然后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险。）”可知海洋生物被渔网捕获后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险；第二段第一句“Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets.（因对此感到非常震惊，三星的材料科学工程师和材料研发经理Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的团队为自己设定了为这个致命的网赋予新生命的任务。）”可知Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的团队想要赋予这个致命的网新生命，因为他们对此感到震惊，即对这个致命的网所带来的危害感到震惊才会想办法去解决这个问题，故推知划线单词this的意思是指上文提到的这个幽灵网给海洋生物所造成的威胁，故选D项。
Passage 8、（2022·浙江省杭州学军中学高三12月份适应性考试）
No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed(认为是…所说) to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies(体现) much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue. The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better-or-worse-part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either, but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing? All religions have certain days when people refrain(克制) from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation(救星) and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being. Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat — or even only somewhat overweight — is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession(痴迷) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem-too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem.
The real concern, then, is not what we weight too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. Thinness can be pure vain glory.
What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．hateful B．unrelated C．beneficial D．harmful
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。作者从社会学和医学角度批评了女性对苗条的痴迷。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Simply being thin is not enough. (仅仅保持瘦是不够的。)”及后文“Thinness can be pure vain glory. (瘦可能是纯粹的虚荣。)”说明仅仅瘦也不一定就是健康，从而推知划线词句“It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. (实际上，如果那些(或者已经)瘦的人认为他们自然而然地是健康的，从而无需关注他们的整体生活方式，这是hazardous。)”意为“如果认为瘦就是健康，实际上是不对的，”。其中划线单词应为“不对的，错误的，无益的”的意思，选项D“有害的”与之意义最为接近。故选D项。
Passage 9、（2022·安徽·六安一中等七校12月份联考试题）
I realized that I spent far too much time on the Internet last year, for obvious reasons. I suspect Fm not alone. And just like magic, Suzanne Park’s Sunny Song Will Never Be Famous came across my desk, a story about a 17-year-old Korean American influencer who ends up in a digital detox (脱瘾) camp. My first reaction was to shrink, worried about how much of my social media self I would see in this book, and how much relative therapy (疗法) I would undoubtedly require as a result. But Sunny is such an amazing heroine that I was laughing out loud by Page 10.
Sunny is literally born an influencer. Thanks to a video, “Goggle Girl” becomes Internet famous. She keeps up the persona as she grows older, procuring almost 10,000 subscribers to her YouTube channel alone. But disaster strikes when she forgets to turn off the camera one afternoon during a live stream. This will result in Sunny’s dismissal from her L. A．private school— unless her parents send her to a digital detox camp, as per the principal’s request.
The customers in the camp are Internet addicts ranging from fantasy sports and gaming players to mean girl Internet celebrities. Sunny is forced to spend a month in the cornfields of Iowa among these celebrities with no digital devices. Except the burner phone she brings secretly in because she’s in the running for an influencer competition, and she actually has a shot! But the other competitor is the meanest girl in camp, who also happens to have ten times Sunny’s following.
The book is a total joy to read. I appreciate that Park does not approach social media as the enemy in this book, and for that reason I can enthusiastically recommend it to any young folks who are particularly web-savvy (精通的).Sunny reminds readers of the power of Internet fame, and the consequences if that power isn’t used wisely.
Which can best replace the underlined word “procuring” in paragraph 2?
A．Postponing. B．Appreciating. C．Obtaining. D．Introducing.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。作者认为苏珊娜·帕克的《Sunny Song Will Never Be Famous》人物形象饱满，语言幽默，书中对网络的态度客观公正，值得一读。
【详情解析】
【C】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Thanks to a video, ‘Goggle Girl’ becomes Internet famous. She keeps up the persona as she grows older...（多亏了一段视频，“护目镜女孩”在网上走红。 随着年龄的增长，她仍然保持着原有的形象）” 可知，Sunny成了网络红人。随着年龄的增长，她一直保持着这种形象，由此可知，此处表示：仅她的YouTube频道就获得了近1万名关注者。因此 procuring 表示“得到”，与 obtaining 同义。故选C。
Passage 10、（2022·福建·福州三中高三第三次质检英语试卷）
When romantic partners argue over things like finances, jealousy, or other interpersonal issues, they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument. But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts, according to a University of Waterloo study just published online in Social Psychological and Personality Science. Alex Huynh, a doctoral candidate in psychology is the lead author of the study, which he published with Igor Grossmann from the University of Waterloo, and Daniel Yang from Yale University.
Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解) of interpersonal struggles. Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether similar benefit can be induced by simply thinking about the future. Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a close friend. One group of participants were then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict one year in the future, while another group was asked to describe how they feel in the present.
The team examined participants’ written responses through a text-analysis program for their use of pronouns — such as I, me, she, he. These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants’ focus on the feelings and behaviour of those involved in the conflict. Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict more positively, both of which implied the participants’ use of reasoning strategies.
The researchers found that envisioning future relationship affected both participants’ focus on their feelings, and their reasoning strategies. As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether, especially when study participants extended their thinking about the relationship a year into the future.
“Our study demonstrates that adopting a future-oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict — reflecting on how one might feel a year from now — may be a valuable coping tool for one’s psychological happiness and relationship well-being,” said Huynh.
What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？
A．Caused. B．Explained.
C．Reduced. D．Improved.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍一项研究结果，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲突，目光长远才是维持人际关系的好方法。
【详情解析】
【A】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解) of interpersonal struggles.(先前的研究已经表明，从第三视角的推理是积极的人际斗争战略调节解方法)”可知，先前的研究已经表明理性思维是积极的人际斗争战略调解方法，结合倒数第二段描述的研究结果“As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether(结果，参与者对他们的关系表现出了更积极的态度)”可推知，划线词所在句意为：黄齐和他的合作者研究类似益处是否仅仅能够依靠简单地思考未来去达成。induced意为“导致，引起”。故选A项。
专题10 阅读理解之词句猜测题——胆大心细
层级二
拉分题目分分抢
相较于细节理解题来说，阅读理解题型中的推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题，题目相对比较难。对于这类题目，在考前复习中要特别关注，要迎难而上，认真分析，努力争创高分。
近3年高考词句猜测题题量统计
考纲解读
年份
卷别
2022
2021
2020
(1)词句猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词语或句子的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词语或句子前后的内容)进行推理。
(2)词句猜测题主要涉及单词意义理解、词块意义理解、句子意义理解和代词指代对象确定等。
新高考卷Ⅰ
1
1
新高考卷II
2
1
全国卷Ⅰ(全国乙卷)
1
1
1
全国卷Ⅱ(全国甲卷)
1
1
2
全国卷Ⅲ
1
词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、词块或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断。词句猜测题是英语高考阅读理解中的必考题型， 一般每套试卷中的考查数量不超过2道，但是学生理解有一定的难度，易错，属于拉分题。因此要掌握好词句猜测题技法， 做到分分都要得。
命题方式
解题捷径
选项特征
1.The phrase “...” in the sentence could be replaced by ________．
2．The word “...” in the paragraph refers to ________．
3．What does the underlined word mean in the...paragraph?
4．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？
5．The word “...” most nearly means __________.
6．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________．
考生做词句猜测题时既要能够大胆地根据上下文线索进行猜测；又要心细如发、有凭有据，从而猜测出正确答案。常见技巧有：
1．利用构词法；
2．利用上下文语境；
3．利用语法关系；
4．利用逻辑关系；
5．利用线索关系。
正确选项特征
1．含义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。
2．上下文逻辑通顺。
3．与原句意思最接近。
干扰选项特征
1．与所考词汇形似。
2．如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。
3．句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
微技能一 词语猜测题——巧用线索猜词义
词语猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个单词或词块的含义，或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词或词块代替。此外，也会考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。近几年高考每套题一般考查一个小题，个别情况考查两个小题，主要考查以下几个方面：1.纲外陌生词(词块/习语)；2.陌生派生词或合成词；3.熟词(词块)生义；4.有特殊含义的词块。
利用构词法猜测词义
构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。例如2019年全国卷Ⅱ第25题：tug at the heartstrings中的heartstrings是合成词：heart(心)＋string(弦)→heartstrings(心弦)，故本单词可能与feeling有关。
【典例1】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅱ阅读 B)
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high.I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.Now was the spring of the water pistol (手枪)．
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring，and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.Usually the__offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.【出处：】
25．What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to?
A．The student’s parent. B．The maker of the Grandma’s Box.
C．The author’s grandchild. D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.
【分析】 利用构词法猜测词义。er为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示“做某事的人或物”；offend为动词，意为“违反；冒犯”，故offender有“犯规者，违反者”的含义。结合前文中出现的“forbidden fruit”，以及后文提到“return the belonging”，可推断犯规者指的是拥有前述forbidden fruit的人。故选D。
利用上下文猜测词义
这是最常见的方法，一定要先从画线词语最近的位置找起，要求理解句子的顺序是：本句的意思→前后句的意思→本段和前后段的意思m
【典例2】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever－increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)．
29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
【分析】 利用上下文猜测词义。文章前两句说，当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天上和大地上有许多各种各样的野生动物。美洲土著人很聪明地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。下一句中的unfortunately表示转折意义，由此推断，画线单词所在句“Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”意思是“不幸的是，仅仅几十年后，探险家和定居者就毁灭了大部分资源。”也就是说，画线单词decimate意思是“破坏；毁灭(destroy) ”。首段最后两句“Millions of waterfowl...greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)．”进一步说明了“探险家和定居者对这里资源的破坏”。故选D。
利用语法关系猜测词义
【典例3】 (2021·全国甲卷阅读C)
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite：Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don’t worry about it.Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up：Safe, man.Safe.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting：“Safe!__Safe!__Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.21·世纪教29．What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well done!
C．No way! D．Don’t worry!
【分析】 利用语法关系猜测词义。根据画线词后文的解释说明“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。故选B。
利用逻辑关系猜测词义
【典例4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.版权所有
13．What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
【分析】利用逻辑关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反。故选D。
微技能二 代词猜测题——就近原则找指代
代词猜测题主要考查文章中的人称代词、不定代词、指示代词或关系代词所指代的内容。
解答这类题目的时候一定要遵循就近原则，即：代词往上找，就近原则不能忘，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等。2m
【典例5】 (2020·浙江7月卷阅读B)
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue，Washington，generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row，especially at rush hour.At 9：30 am，the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9：33 am，a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.Less traffic at 9：37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design.Bellevue，a fast－growing city just east of Seattle，uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US：intersection(十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.These lights，known as adaptive signals，have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
25．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Increased length of green lights. B．Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing of traffic signals. D．Smooth traffic flow on the road.
【分析】
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2
第二步 定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的内容：根据代词永远出现在原词之后的原则，故代词所指代的内容应在这一句的前面一句或者前面几个句子中。所以该词所代替的内容为：Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.
第三步 综合判断得出答案：that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间。故选C。
微技能三 句意猜测题——意义吻合推句意
句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。
【典例6】 (2019·浙江6月卷阅读B)
Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?21**com
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
【分析】
第一步 定位到原句，找出题干关键信息在原文中的位置：money with no strings attached
第二步 寻找信息句，找出与该句相关的信息句：“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
第三步 分析选项，细读信息句，合理推断画线句的句意。综合判断得出画线句的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。
第四步 仔细比对选项，“Money offered without conditions.”符合句意。故选C。
精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2022·全国·高考甲卷）
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
Passage 2、（2022·全国·高考乙卷）
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【详情解析】
【C】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
Passage 3、（2021·全国新高考II卷）
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Behave badly. B．Lose their way. C．Sleep soundly. D．Miss their mom.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
Passage 4、 （2021·浙江高考真题）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A．records B．predicts C．delays D．confirms
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
【详情解析】
【A】词义猜测题。根据本句“a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.（这部电影charts世界网络的诞生，世界网络这个组织的共同目标是让孩子们走进大自然。），由“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。故选A项。
Passage 5、（2020·山东高考真题）
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【语篇解读】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（2022·河北·石家庄二中模拟预测）
By 2050, the United Nations says, we’re going to need 70 percent more food to feed the nine billion people living on Earth. Sara Menker says the problem may be even more urgent than the U.N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a “tipping point,” beyond which global food markets become too overloaded to function effectively, could come in just a few years.
“We discovered that the world will be short 214×1012 calories by 2027,” she said. Or, in more familiar terms: “A single Big Mac has 563 calories. That means the world will be short 380 billion Big Macs in 2027. That is more Big Macs than McDonald’s has ever produced.”
Menker cannot change the world alone. But the firm she started, Gro Intelligence, is providing information that food companies, insurers, lenders and policymakers use to make food production more effective, and perhaps help protect against that tipping point.
Gro tracks 650×1012 data points daily — from sources such as government and local food reports, satellite photos, long-term weather forecasts and greenhouse gas measurements — and creates computer models so that food companies, such as Unilever and Yum! Brands, can know how prices are likely to trend, calculate surpluses (过剩) and shortages, and be more flexible when climate change makes food supplies harder to predict.
A type of artificial intelligence known as machine learning is key to dealing with the data because, as Allison Tepley of Gro’s staff put it, “The best information is often local information, but it’s often in local languages, in different forms and it all needs to be put together.”
Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices.
What might the underlined words “locust infestation” be in the last paragraph?
A．A data-driven drug. B．A language-based approach.
C．A food-related disaster. D．A production-centered policy.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为应对全球将面临的粮食短缺问题，Sara Menker创建的公司Gro Intelligence正在运用人工智能处理数据来帮助解决这一问题。
【详情解析】
【C】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通货膨胀) in food prices. （中国的非洲猪瘟(2018年导致猪肉产量减少30%)、2020年东非的 locust infestation 以及全球食品价格通胀等问题都引发了升温。）”可推知，locust infestation与African swine fever （非洲猪瘟）和global inflation in food prices（全球食品价格通胀）并列，故画线短语“locust infestation”应该也是指与粮食有关的疾病。故选C。
Passage 2、（2022·山西大附中三模）
For years, Apple's business has centered around the iPhone, but sales of that once-revolutionary but now commonplace device have slowed. And the entire world of computers has been flipped (翻动) on its head. Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware, selling iCloud storage to its customers, a $10 a month music streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.
But Monday's concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level. Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.
Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.
The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.
In fact, the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receiving data. And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, which now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services, which is a fancy term for data center usage and storage.
The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply, “It's show time.” The question now is whether Apple can break a leg.
What does the underlined word “revenue” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Income. B．Advertisements. C．Equipment. D．Games.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是苹果表示，它将推出大量新服务，从新闻到视频游戏和信用卡，以期和竞争者竞争。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的“And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft（在这个领域，苹果已经落后于谷歌、亚马逊和微软等公司）”可知，苹果落后于别的公司就说明别家公司赚到钱了，which指代先行词“companies”，因此“now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services”的意思是“现在通过销售云服务获得了可观的收入”，因此划线词的意思是“收入”，即Income。故选A。
Passage 3、（2022·内蒙古·赤峰二中模拟预测）
Without less public attention, the nation’s egg producers are in the midst of a multibillion-dollar shift to cage-free eggs that is dramatically changing the lives of millions of hens in response to new laws and demands from restaurant chains. In a decade, the percentage of hens in cage-free housing has soared from 4% in 2010 to 28% in 2020, and that figure is expected to more than double to about 70% in the next four years.
The change marks one of the animal welfare movement’s biggest successes after years of battles with the food industry. The transition has cost billions of dollars for producers who initially resisted calls for more humane treatment of chickens but have since fully embraced the new reality.
Beginning in about 2015, many companies such as McDonald’s, Burger King responded to pressure from animal welfare groups by announcing their commitment to cage-free eggs. That was followed by laws requiring cage-free housing in California and similar rules in at least seven other states. Meanwhile, they widely promoted their move to cage-free as good for their brand’s image.
Animal rights groups have made allowing animals room to move a priority in their campaigns but the results have been mixed. The pork industry is fighting to block the California initiative that required more space for breeding pigs, and a state judge recently delayed implementation of new rules.
Looking years into the future, egg company leaders said they think the demand for cheaper eggs from caged hens will remain roughly 25% or more of the market, but Balk at the Humane Society said he expects it to become a tiny percentage of overall sales. Balk notes that hundreds of national retailers, restaurants, grocers and food manufacturers either have implemented cage-free requirements or plan to do so within a few years. “This is the future of every state in America,” he said.
What does the underlined word in Para 2 mean?
A．Accepted. B．Abandoned. C．Changed. D．Adapted.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国正在推广散养鸡蛋，这一变化标志着动物福利运动在与食品行业斗争多年后取得的最大成功之一。文章介绍了这一举动带来的影响以及散养蛋未来的前景。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The transition has cost billions of dollars for producers who initially resisted calls for more humane treatment of chickens but have since fully”可知，but表示转折，说明这一转变为生产商带来了数十亿美元的成本，他们最初抵制更人道对待鸡的呼吁，但后来完全接受了新的现实。故画线词意思是“接受”。故选A。
Passage 4、（2022-2023·吉林·东北师大附中第一次摸底考试）
When Ryad Alsous arrived in England, he knew one thing: he wanted to keep bees. The insects had been a major part of his life in Syria, and fleeing his war-tom homeland was a precious certainty amid so much chaos.
As a lecturer at the University of Damascus, Ryad had built a respected reputation for his research on Syrian bees. With over 500 hives, he produced over ten tons of honey every year. Fleeing his country in 2013, he lost everything.
Yet even with all his knowledge and experience, Ryad didn’t know if his dream would be possible in the UK. “I found that there is a lot of rain and the temperature isn’t very high. All the time I was thinking, ‘How can I set up another project here?’”
The wet weather wasn’t Ryad’s only challenge. The language barrier and a vastly overqualified CV made it difficult to find work. Eventually, Ryad volunteered at the Huddersfield Beekeepers’ Association, but he was still without a colony of his own. Finally, Facebook brought him into contact with a woman in Manchester who was willing to donate an entire colony of rare British black bees.
“In one year, I was able to split the colony she gave me into seven. I realized that the beekeeping project could become very profitable and successful in the UK.”
Soon, Ryad found himself with 17 hives, but he wasn’t finished yet. His inner teacher was itching to get out. Through City of Sanctuary, a British refugee charity, Ryad began to run beekeeping workshops for refugees and jobseekers. The Buzz Project was born.
Today, the Buzz Project houses 14 hives, where Ryad shares his expertise. It has started to bear fruit. Last year, they produced half a ton of honey(around 1,000 jars). But for Ryad, the most important thing is bringing people together.
“We have local people, jobseekers and volunteers, in addition to refugees. All of them work together doing the same job. The exchange between the groups, the information and skills helps them integrate very well and improve their language skills,” he says.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 6 imply?
A．He wanted to share his beekeeping skills. B．He decided to find a teaching job.
C．He wanted to expand his business. D．He decided to establish a beekeeping school.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述Ryad在英国克服重重困难，找到养蜂这一谋生之路，并帮助他人以回馈社会。
【详情解析】
【A】词句猜测题。根据划线部分前面的“Through City of Sanctuary, a British refugee charity, Ryad began to run beekeeping workshops for refugees and job seekers. (通过英国难民慈善机构“避难所之城”， Ryad开始为难民和求职者开办养蜂讲习班)”可猜测划线处意思是他想分享养蜂技巧，因此才有了慈善机构。即画线句子意思是“他想分享他的养蜂技巧”。故选A。
Passage 5、（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中10月份月考试题）
It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. It was on a four-lane road that went straight from the heart of Austin to West Texas. Once, Dan’s Depot had been outside of the city. But with Austin’s population growing and the city’s expansion, it was swallowed up by high-rise buildings and skyscrapers.
I’ve been familiar with Dan’s Depot since I played my first show there. Like most waiters in Austin, I’m actually a musician. The woman who welcomes customers is Dan’s wife Maude.
I slid my truck into the last free spot and headed to the door. “How’s it going, Maude?” I asked. “David, I just don’t know what we’re going to do,” she said. “Our contract with the landlord is up for renewal at the end of the month, and he has doubled the rent. Even if we charged twice as much for the snacks and shows, we could never make ends meet.”
My heart dropped. On some level, I’d been expecting to hear this news for as long as I’d been coming to Dan’s Depot. After all, Dan’s Depot was now sandwiched between a shop selling yoga pants to people who could afford personal trainers and a luxury furniture store where even a simple dining chair cost more than S1, 000. How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors?
“What are you going to do with this place? Are you moving?” I asked. She shook her head slowly. “I just don’t know. Dan and I are not as young as we used to be.”
I patted her on the shoulder and made my way to the tables near the stage. Memories sprung up in my mind. Most of my musical ideas came to me while I was watching live shows here at Dan’s Depot. When the song ended, I got up and went back to Maude.
“What if I run the new Dan’s Depot?” I asked her. She stared at me, surprised.
“Hear me out,” I said. “I’ve got enough money to go in with you and Dan as a third partner. I know the Texas music scene in and out, and I can get the best new bands in here every week. We’ll move it way down South Congress Avenue, where it’s still close enough to be accessible from downtown but the rent is more affordable. And most importantly, this place means a lot to me.”
Maude was still staring at me silently. I began to grow uneasy. Had I offended her? I started apologizing. She cut me off with a huge embrace. “Honey, I think that’s a fantastic idea.”
The underlined word “oasis” in Paragraph 1 refers to a place where the author ________.
A．parks his truck B．finds joy and relaxation
C．works full-time D．grabs a meal at night
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者心目中的绿洲Dan’s Depot面临即将倒闭的风险，作者建议换一种方式来经营这个事业。文章告诉我们：每一个结束都是一个新的开始。
【详情解析】
【B】词句猜测题。由第一段中的“It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. (德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一个星期四晚上，时间已经很晚了，我刚结束在市中心的轮班。我跳上卡车，离开混乱，前往我自己的私人oasis——Dan’s Depot)”和第四段中的“How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors? (这家小小的现场音乐酒吧怎么能与这些邻居共存？)”可知，作者下班之后开车离开混乱的地方，去现场音乐酒吧Dan’s Depot，应该是去放松自己的，oasis意为“可以找到快乐和放松（finds joy and relaxation）的地方”。故选B项。
Passage 6、（2022·上海·复旦附中高三第一次教学质量检测）
Noah reached for his guitar, remembering his father as he did so, thinking how much he missed him. He strummed once, adjusted the tension on two strings, then strummed again. This time it sounded about right, and he began to play.
Soft music, quiet music. He hummed for a little while at first, then began to sing as night came down around him. He played and sang until the sun was gone and the sky black. It was a little after seven when he quit, and he settled back into his chair and began to rock. By habit, he looked upward and saw Orion and the Big Dipper, Gemini and the Pole Star, twinkling in the autumn sky. He started to run the numbers in his head, then stopped. He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought, and he had a hard time understanding people who felt otherwise. It was another trait he got from his father.
Clem, his hound dog, came up to him then and nuzzled his hand before lying down at his feet. “Hey, girl, how’re you doing?” he asked as he patted her head, and she whined softly, her soft round eyes peering upward. A car accident had taken her leg, but she still moved well enough and kept him company on quiet nights like these. He was thirty-one now, not too old, but old enough to be lonely. He hadn’t dated since he’d been back here, hadn’t met anyone who remotely interested him. It was his own fault, he knew. There was something that kept a distance between him and any woman who started to get close, something he wasn’t sure he could change even if he tried. And sometimes in the moments right before sleep came, he wondered if he was destined to be alone forever.
The evening passed, staying warm, nice. Noah listened to the crickets and the rustling leaves, thinking that the sound of nature was more real and aroused more emotion than things like cars and planes. Natural things gave back more than they took, and their sounds always brought him back to the way man was supposed to be. “It’ll keep you from going crazy,” his father had told him the day he’d shipped out. “It’s God’s music and it’ll take you home.” He finished his tea, went inside, found a book, then turned on the porch light on his way back out. After sitting down again, he looked at the book. It was old, the cover was torn, and the pages were stained with mud and water.
It was Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, and he had carried it with him throughout the war. It had even taken a bullet for him once. He rubbed the cover, dusting it off just a little. Then he let the book open randomly and read the words in front of him: This is thy hour O Soul, thy free flight into the wordless. Away from books, away from art, the day erased, the lesson done. Thee fully forth emerging, silent, gazing, pondering the themes thou lovest best. Night, sleep, death and the stars. For some reason Whitman always reminded him of New Bern, and he was glad he’d come back. Though he’d been away from fourteen years, this was home and he knew a lot of people here, most of them from his youth. Like so many southern towns, the people who lived here never changed, they just grew a bit older.
The underlined sentence in paragraph two is the equivalent of “_________”.
A．he hated those who were unable to appreciate simple things in life
B．he didn’t see eye to eye with people who liked to save money
C．he had difficulty in figuring out how he got this trait from his father
D．he didn’t understand why people were so materialistic
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了回到老家的某天Noah弹吉他时的感触。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。根据划线部分上文“He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought,(他知道自己几乎把所有的积蓄都花在了房子上，很快就得再找一份工作了，但他放弃了这个想法，决定享受剩下的几个月的修缮工作，不用担心。此外，想到钱通常会让他感到厌烦。早期，他学会了享受简单的东西，那些买不到的东西)”可知，Noah此刻享受的是用金钱无法买来的东西，由此可知划线句子意为“他不明白为什么有的人很物质（把快乐建立在物质生活上）”。故选D。
Passage 7、（2022·江苏·连云港高中高三10月调研考试）
Plastic fishing nets, the so-called ghost nets, abandoned yearly in the sea—about 1 million tons—are more than just rubbish; they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.
Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets. Last month, Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets for the first time. The company estimates this year alone it can recycle over 50 tons of ocean-bound plastic into the key components that will go into its smartphones, tablets, and computers, thus taking a bite out of the global ghost nets problem.
It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act. The nets are typically made of a substance called nylon which tends to dramatically degrade (降解) the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to the sun. “This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,” Rathore explains. Besides, high-performance smartphone, tablet, or PC has to be waterproof and can survive severe weather. The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability (耐用).
To deal with that problem, Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners: one to collect and transform the nets into tiny nylon pellets (颗粒) while the other to strengthen their toughness and durability. The end result: The partners hit upon an eco-friendly and high-performance plastic material that’s being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products. For example, two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phone—the key bracket and the inner cover—are made of these fishing-net plastic materials. Samsung aims to use even more upcycled materials in future product lines.
“That’s the hope for the globe and our mission,” Rathore smiles.
What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Rubbish in the sea. B．Recycling the deadly nets.
C．Ocean species’ extinction. D．Ghost nets’ threat to sea life.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了三星公司Rathore和他的团队致力于将废弃的渔网回收再利用，并成功将其用于制作三星Galaxy系列手机，在这个突破之后，三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段的ghost nets（幽灵网）以及“they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.（它们是杀手。鱼类，海鸟和海龟会被渔网捕获然后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险。）”可知海洋生物被渔网捕获后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险；第二段第一句“Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets.（因对此感到非常震惊，三星的材料科学工程师和材料研发经理Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的团队为自己设定了为这个致命的网赋予新生命的任务。）”可知Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的团队想要赋予这个致命的网新生命，因为他们对此感到震惊，即对这个致命的网所带来的危害感到震惊才会想办法去解决这个问题，故推知划线单词this的意思是指上文提到的这个幽灵网给海洋生物所造成的威胁，故选D项。
Passage 8、（2022·浙江省杭州学军中学高三12月份适应性考试）
No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed(认为是…所说) to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies(体现) much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue. The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better-or-worse-part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either, but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing? All religions have certain days when people refrain(克制) from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation(救星) and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being. Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat — or even only somewhat overweight — is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession(痴迷) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem-too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem.
The real concern, then, is not what we weight too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. Thinness can be pure vain glory.
What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．hateful B．unrelated C．beneficial D．harmful
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。作者从社会学和医学角度批评了女性对苗条的痴迷。
【详情解析】
【D】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Simply being thin is not enough. (仅仅保持瘦是不够的。)”及后文“Thinness can be pure vain glory. (瘦可能是纯粹的虚荣。)”说明仅仅瘦也不一定就是健康，从而推知划线词句“It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. (实际上，如果那些(或者已经)瘦的人认为他们自然而然地是健康的，从而无需关注他们的整体生活方式，这是hazardous。)”意为“如果认为瘦就是健康，实际上是不对的，”。其中划线单词应为“不对的，错误的，无益的”的意思，选项D“有害的”与之意义最为接近。故选D项。
Passage 9、（2022·安徽·六安一中等七校12月份联考试题）
I realized that I spent far too much time on the Internet last year, for obvious reasons. I suspect Fm not alone. And just like magic, Suzanne Park’s Sunny Song Will Never Be Famous came across my desk, a story about a 17-year-old Korean American influencer who ends up in a digital detox (脱瘾) camp. My first reaction was to shrink, worried about how much of my social media self I would see in this book, and how much relative therapy (疗法) I would undoubtedly require as a result. But Sunny is such an amazing heroine that I was laughing out loud by Page 10.
Sunny is literally born an influencer. Thanks to a video, “Goggle Girl” becomes Internet famous. She keeps up the persona as she grows older, procuring almost 10,000 subscribers to her YouTube channel alone. But disaster strikes when she forgets to turn off the camera one afternoon during a live stream. This will result in Sunny’s dismissal from her L. A．private school— unless her parents send her to a digital detox camp, as per the principal’s request.
The customers in the camp are Internet addicts ranging from fantasy sports and gaming players to mean girl Internet celebrities. Sunny is forced to spend a month in the cornfields of Iowa among these celebrities with no digital devices. Except the burner phone she brings secretly in because she’s in the running for an influencer competition, and she actually has a shot! But the other competitor is the meanest girl in camp, who also happens to have ten times Sunny’s following.
The book is a total joy to read. I appreciate that Park does not approach social media as the enemy in this book, and for that reason I can enthusiastically recommend it to any young folks who are particularly web-savvy (精通的).Sunny reminds readers of the power of Internet fame, and the consequences if that power isn’t used wisely.
Which can best replace the underlined word “procuring” in paragraph 2?
A．Postponing. B．Appreciating. C．Obtaining. D．Introducing.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。作者认为苏珊娜·帕克的《Sunny Song Will Never Be Famous》人物形象饱满，语言幽默，书中对网络的态度客观公正，值得一读。
【详情解析】
【C】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Thanks to a video, ‘Goggle Girl’ becomes Internet famous. She keeps up the persona as she grows older...（多亏了一段视频，“护目镜女孩”在网上走红。 随着年龄的增长，她仍然保持着原有的形象）” 可知，Sunny成了网络红人。随着年龄的增长，她一直保持着这种形象，由此可知，此处表示：仅她的YouTube频道就获得了近1万名关注者。因此 procuring 表示“得到”，与 obtaining 同义。故选C。
Passage 10、（2022·福建·福州三中高三第三次质检英语试卷）
When romantic partners argue over things like finances, jealousy, or other interpersonal issues, they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument. But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts, according to a University of Waterloo study just published online in Social Psychological and Personality Science. Alex Huynh, a doctoral candidate in psychology is the lead author of the study, which he published with Igor Grossmann from the University of Waterloo, and Daniel Yang from Yale University.
Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解) of interpersonal struggles. Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether similar benefit can be induced by simply thinking about the future. Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a close friend. One group of participants were then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict one year in the future, while another group was asked to describe how they feel in the present.
The team examined participants’ written responses through a text-analysis program for their use of pronouns — such as I, me, she, he. These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants’ focus on the feelings and behaviour of those involved in the conflict. Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict more positively, both of which implied the participants’ use of reasoning strategies.
The researchers found that envisioning future relationship affected both participants’ focus on their feelings, and their reasoning strategies. As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether, especially when study participants extended their thinking about the relationship a year into the future.
“Our study demonstrates that adopting a future-oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict — reflecting on how one might feel a year from now — may be a valuable coping tool for one’s psychological happiness and relationship well-being,” said Huynh.
What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？
A．Caused. B．Explained.
C．Reduced. D．Improved.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍一项研究结果，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲突，目光长远才是维持人际关系的好方法。
【详情解析】
【A】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解) of interpersonal struggles.(先前的研究已经表明，从第三视角的推理是积极的人际斗争战略调节解方法)”可知，先前的研究已经表明理性思维是积极的人际斗争战略调解方法，结合倒数第二段描述的研究结果“As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether(结果，参与者对他们的关系表现出了更积极的态度)”可推知，划线词所在句意为：黄齐和他的合作者研究类似益处是否仅仅能够依靠简单地思考未来去达成。induced意为“导致，引起”。故选A项。
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