高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题16利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五（含解析）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型归纳与变式演练专题16利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五（含解析），共33页。试卷主要包含了略读文章抓大意，先看选项初判断，重点阅读上下句，两种方法缩范围，代入原文再推敲，答案　B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题16 利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五

命题人常采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式。句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。出题者正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。


年份
卷别
体裁
主题
设空位置
命题专家谈高考
段首
段中
段尾
2022
新高考
卷Ⅰ
说明文
如何寻找健身伙伴
0
4
1
1.体裁以说明文为主， 间或考查记叙文或议论文。主要围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题。
2．倾向于不带标题或段落小标题， 但文章大都结构清晰。
3．设空位置以段中为主， 从功能上来说主要考查：
(1)主旨概括句(文章整体内容)
(2)过渡性句子(文章结构)
(3)注释性句子(上下文逻辑关系)
新高考II
说明文
写文章的技巧
1
4
0
全国乙卷
说明文
五种维系异地友谊的方法
3
1
1
全国甲卷
说明文
外出就餐注意事项
1
3
1
2021
新高考
卷Ⅰ
记叙文
我和丈夫在巴黎一周的生活
1
4
0
新高考II
说明文
提高阅读速度的建议
1
2
2
全国乙卷
说明文
如何在宴会上让自己变得有趣
2
2
1
全国甲卷
说明文
服装交换派对
1
4
0
2020
新高考
卷Ⅰ
说明文
好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则
1
3
1
全国卷Ⅰ
说明文
几个自我接纳的小技巧
1
3
1
全国卷Ⅱ
说明文
表情符号以及在工作交流时所带来的优势
1
4
0
全国卷Ⅲ
说明文
乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取和名称的由来
2
2
1



1．略读文章抓大意
七选五文章多为说明文，其文章多为“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构，即先介绍主旨大意，再分层叙述，或最后对文章加以总结。因此，以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。
2．先看选项初判断
跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。
3．重点阅读上下句
由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而进行大胆预测。
4．两种方法缩范围
在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其划掉外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，这样心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，选对的几率大大提高。
5．代入原文再推敲
最后将已确定的答案代入原文通读一遍，检查篇章结构是否合理，段落中句子间的语意和逻辑是否通顺连贯，如有问题，应及时修正答案。
技法一　段首设空题


(2021·全国乙·片段)
According to Jessica Hagy，author of How to Be Interesting，it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
36 ，if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers.
A．How do you know the host
B．The first step is to go exploring
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
36．答案　B
解析　此空考查段首句，利用前瞻后顾找启示法解答此题。根据空后的“if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time”可知，空处内容应与走出舒适区或者第一次去别人家里的做法有关，再结合下文的“just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，露面、敢于冒险、尝试不同的食物以及和陌生人交谈是应该做的事。B项“第一步是去探索”是对这些做法的总结，符合语境。
技法二　段中设空题
段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。
解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题。


(2021·全国甲·片段)
Swap，Don’t Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper.Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment.So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor？ 36 .It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
C．If two people are competing
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
36．答案　B
解析　此处考查细节句。空前一句提出问题：那么，怎么处理那些堆在卧室地板上的非常好但你可能有点讨厌的衣服呢？而下一句则说“这是处理你的旧衣服的最佳方法……”。因此，空白处是解决问题的方法，选项B“Hold a clothing swap(进行衣物交换)”与此内容相符。
技法三　段尾设空题


(2021·浙江6月·片段)
You’ve got mail...and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes，a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer，loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum.Or Africa’s Victoria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall. 31
“I often send postcards to family and friends，” he says to China Daily...
A．And that’s totally fine.
B．That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C．He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D．Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E．On August 5，the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F．Similarly，if you speak only Chinese，receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G．In short，he loves postcards，and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
31．答案　G
解析　此处考查总结句。根据上文可知，Paulo喜欢打开邮筒，收到一张色彩鲜艳的罗马斗兽场的图片，或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布的图片，或者是中国长城的图片，由此可知，G项“总而言之，他喜欢明信片，以及收到远方某人手写的便条时的那种兴奋感”符合语境。G项中的“loves” “postcards”分别与上文中的“loves”及下文中的“postcards”相对应，而且G项中含有总结性词语in short。


精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2022·北京·高考真题）
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____1____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
____2____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____3____ This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____4____ For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____5____ This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.








【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
【详情解析】
1．【G】根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
2．【B】根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
3．【D】根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
4．【F】根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
5．【C】根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
Passage 2、（2022·全国·高考乙卷）
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___6___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___7___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___8___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___9___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___10___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.



A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind









【语篇解读】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
【详情解析】
6．【D】根据上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。
7．【E】根据上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊）对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
8．【G】根据下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
9．【A】分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Remember important dates”（记得重要的日子），所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
10．【F】设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
Passage 3、（2021·全国新高考II卷）
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____11____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____12____
____13____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____14____ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____15____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A．Stop to have a rest now and then.
B．Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C．This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D．Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E．Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F．You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G．Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.










【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【详情解析】
11．【D】根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
12．【G】根据本段主题句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。
13．【B】空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。
14．【C】根据上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。
15．【E】根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。）符合语境。故选E。
Passage 4、（2021·浙江高考真题）
You’ve got mail…and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. ___16___
“I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. ___17___” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch(直觉)paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___18___Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. ___19___ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___20___ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.
A．And that’s totally fine.
B．That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C．He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D．Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E．On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F．Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G．In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.











【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了热爱明信片的34岁葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状。
【详情解析】
16．【G】上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.(34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paulo Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好；下文描述Paulo与家人朋友寄明信片的经历；G选项“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。
17．【A】上文““I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好，他也很坦然接受这个事实；A选项“And that’s totally fine(那完全没问题)”符合语境，that指代上文描述的经历。故选A项。
18．【E】上文“Today his hobby has evolved into the website Postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了Postcrossing.com这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况很不错；下文“Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.(运营网站几乎已经变成了一份全职工作)”表示运营网站是忙碌的；E选项“On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.(8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张)”同样用相关数据证明网站的状态很不错，符合语境。故选E项。
19．【F】上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it.(收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的语言障碍问题；F选项“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的语言障碍问题，符合本段“语言对于很多人来说是一种障碍”的主题。故选F项。
20．【B】上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(许多中国人很少能接触到英语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高；下文描述通过postcrossing可以帮助这些人学习英语；B选项“That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.(这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难)”说明接触英语渠道少导致中国人学习和训练的机会就少，符合此处语境。故选B项。
Passage 5、（2020·山东高考真题）
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.___21___Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the “speaking. ”  ___22___ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.___23___
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.___24___And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
___25___It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A．Do the opposite.
B．You want to be an effective public speaker.
C．You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D．When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E．The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F．Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G．However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.










【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了成为好的演讲者需要掌握的一些原则。
【详情解析】
21．【G】本文主题是介绍成为好的演讲者要掌握的一些原则。上句提到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋。G项:然而，大多数人之所以能成为有影响的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。与上句转折，引出本文主题--演讲者要训练。故选G。
22．【A】下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主题，建议演讲者把注意力集中在演讲上。上句提到一种常见现象，当站起来发表演讲时，演讲者往往会把注意力放在”公众”上，而不是”演讲”上。这是错误的做法，A项Do the opposite.承上启下，说明了上句做法的错误，引出了下句正确的做法。故选A。
23．【C】本段提到即使成功的演讲者也会犯错误，观众不会太在意你的错误。上句建议当出错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。C项:你不需要为一个小失误道歉。与上句承接，是对待演讲出错的方法。故选C。
24．【B】本段是说明练习的重要性。上句提到你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家，下句应该说明目标是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.与上句衔接，是我们演讲的真正目的。故选B。
25．【D】下文提到观众并不是认为演讲越长越好，根据 Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建议让演讲比预期的短一点，给观众更多的期待胜过让他们坐立不安地等待演讲结束。D项:公开演讲时，通常少就是多。说明了演讲时，多和少的辩证关系。故选D。


　挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（2022·广西·北海市北海中学第一次模拟考试）
A pile of homework can seem frightening, but it can be done if you make a plan. Here are some tips to help you.
l Create a checklist of the tasks you have. Before diving in, make a list of all the things you need to do for your homework.____1____ The satisfaction of checking things off will keep you happy to continue.
l Solve the hardest homework first. Your first thought might be to put off the most difficult homework. If you get the hard stuff out of the way when you’re most alert, however,it will be easier to get through the rest of the pile. ____2____
l Ask for help if you get stuck. If you come to a part of your homework that you don’t know how to do, ask a family member to help you. ____3____ With a little help, you can quickly move on to the next thing.
l Make a homework schedule. ____4____ If you set a schedule, then you’ll be prepared and know exactly what to do. This will also keep you from feeling guilty about putting homework off.
l ____5____ If everyone in your group is serious about getting homework done, this can be great. You can help each other out with assignments, and quiz each other to prepare for exams.
A．Establish a study group.
B．Take a break now and then.
C．That way, you won’t get discouraged.
D．As you complete each task, cross it off your list.
E．Try to do your homework at the same time each day.
F．Write down all the reasons why you really need to do your homework.
G．Make a plan to finish your work bit by bit, saving the easiest tasks for last.










【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何处理大量的家庭作业向我们提供了几条建议。
【详情解析】
1．【D】上文“Before diving in, make a list of all the things you need to do for your homework.(在投入作业之前，把你需要做的所有事情列一个清单)”提到把要做的事列一个清单，结合空后“The satisfaction of checking things off will keep you happy to continue.(完成任务的满足感会让你乐于继续)”可知，空处应该讲述完成一项任务之后就在清单中删除一个，保持做事的动力。D项“完成每项任务时，请将其从列表中划掉”符合语境。故选D。
2．【G】根据本段的中心句“Solve the hardest homework first.(先解决最难的作业)”可知，本段建议先做最难的作业，G项“制定一个计划，一点一点地完成你的工作，把最简单的任务留到最后”符合语境，故选G。
3．【C】根据空格前一句“If you come to a part of your homework that you don’t know how to do, ask a family member to help you.(如果你的家庭作业中有一部分你不知道怎么做，让你的家人来帮助你)”可知，空格处应该讲述家人帮助你之后所带来的结果，C项“那样的话，你不会受挫”符合语境。故选C。
4．【E】根据本段中心句“Make a homework schedule(制定家庭作业时间表)”可知，本段阐述制定家庭作业时间表，E项“尽量在每天同一时间做作业”进一步阐述如何制定时间表，故选E。
5．【A】根据空格后“If everyone in your group is serious about getting homework done, this can be great.(如果你小组里的每个人都认真完成作业，这是很好的)”可知，本段所讲述的方法是加入学习小组，A项“成立一个学习小组”适合作为本段中心句。故选A。
Passage 2、（2023届山东青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳4区高三联考试卷）
I’m sure we all know by now that exercise is great for you. ___6___ So, in this post, I am going to share my top four reasons for working out.
Firstly, exercise can completely change your mood! When you work out, your body produces endorphins, which will give you a rush of happiness. ___7___ Next time you’re having a bad day, try going for a fast-paced run, and the day won’t seem so bad after all.
Secondly, exercising is sociable. Whenever I move to a new city to study or work, I look for exercise classes to do. ___8___ Usually, you all share a collective feeling of euphoria when the class finishes!
Thirdly, exercise makes you feel confident. We all know the physical effects of exercise on our bodies but we don’t always talk about the mental effects. Exercise might give you a feeling of confidence from being comfortable with your body and appearance. ___9___
Finally, it helps to relieve stress. Focusing on lifting weights or going for a run can help you forget the problems and stress of daily life, studies or work. During exams, I always spend an hour a day in the gym. It makes me feel less anxious and it also helps me to sleep well.
___10___ It might not be easy but it’s a great feeling doing something you couldn’t do before and knowing it’s a result of your hard work.
A．What kinds of exercise do you usually take?
B．You will feel better after a workout than you did before it.
C．But most exercise classes are too expensive for ordinary people.
D．This new confidence might even help in your social or work life.
E．So, next time you’re feeling down, put your trainers on and get sweating.
F．But sometimes finding that motivation to work out can be a little difficult.
G．You meet like-minded people there, and you can support each other during a difficult workout.

【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了锻炼的四个理由。
【详情解析】
6．【F】根据上文“I’m sure we all know by now that exercise is great for you.(我相信我们现在都知道锻炼对你有好处)”以及后文“So, in this post, I am going to share my top four reasons for working out.(所以，在这篇文章中，我将分享我锻炼的四大理由)”可知，后文提到锻炼四个理由，可见找到锻炼的动力存在困难。故F选项“但有时找到锻炼的动力可能有点困难。”符合语境，故选F。
7．【E】根据上文“Firstly, exercise can completely change your mood! When you work out, your body produces endorphins, which will give you a rush of happiness.(首先，锻炼可以完全改变你的情绪!当你锻炼时，你的身体会产生内啡肽，这会给你带来幸福感)”以及后文“Next time you’re having a bad day, try going for a fast-paced run, and the day won’t seem so bad after all.(下次你有糟糕的一天，试着去快节奏的跑步，这一天终究不会看起来那么糟糕)”可知，本段提到锻炼可以改善情绪，故E选项“所以，下次你情绪低落的时候，穿上运动鞋，出汗吧”符合语境，故选E。
8．【G】根据上文“Secondly, exercising is sociable. Whenever I move to a new city to study or work, I look for exercise classes to do.(其次，锻炼是社交。每当我搬到一个新的城市学习或工作时，我就会去参加健身课程)”以及后文“Usually, you all share a collective feeling of euphoria when the class finishes!(通常，当课程结束时，你们都会分享一种集体的愉悦感！)”可知，本段的主旨是锻炼也是社交，即锻炼时可以找到和自己志同道合的人。故G选项“在那里你会遇到志同道合的人，在艰苦的锻炼中你们可以互相支持”符合语境，故选G。
9．【D】根据上文“Thirdly, exercise makes you feel confident. We all know the physical effects of exercise on our bodies but we don’t always talk about the mental effects. Exercise might give you a feeling of confidence from being comfortable with your body and appearance.(第三，锻炼使你感到自信。我们都知道运动对身体的影响，但我们并不总是谈论运动对精神的影响。锻炼可能会让你对自己的身体和外表感到舒适，从而产生自信的感觉)”可知，本段的主旨是锻炼带来自信，本句为本段最后一句，继续说明自信的作用。故D选项“这种新的自信甚至会对你的社交或工作生活有所帮助”符合语境，故选D。
10．【B】根据后文“It might not be easy but it’s a great feeling doing something you couldn’t do before and knowing it’s a result of your hard work.(这可能不容易，但这是一种伟大的感觉做你以前不能做的事情，知道这是你努力工作的结果)”可知，本段为文章最后一段，上文提到做以前不能做的事情会产生很棒的感觉，故B选项“锻炼后你会比锻炼前感觉更好”符合语境，故选B。
Passage 3、（2022-2023河南安阳·高三期统一测试）
As a student, you have a lot of freedom when it comes to how you spend your time. But with that freedom comes the responsibility to make the most of your studying hours. Here are some tips to help you do just that.
Create a schedule
This means setting aside specific times for studying each day and then sticking to that schedule as closely as possible. Of course, there will be days when things come up, and you have to deviate(偏离) from your plan.____11____
Break up your study sessions into smaller periods
Our brain can only focus effectively for so long before we start losing concentration.____12____chances are much higher that you won't remember all of the information you're trying to learn. Instead, break up your study sessions into shorter periods of time, with breaks in between to help you relax and recharge.
·Find a study place that works for you
___13___. Some people prefer to study in complete silence, while others find that some background noise helps them focus better. There is no right or wrong answer here-it's all about finding a place to study. that allows you to work as efficiently as possible.
·Take practice quizzes
This will not only help you check your understanding of the concepts but also identify any area that may need more review.____14____,it will be much easier for you to direct your study sessions accordingly and make better use of your time overall.
____15____
If you find that you're struggling to understand the material or just not making progress as quickly as you’d like,seek assistance in time. There is no shame in admitting that you need assistance. In fact, it can save lots of time in the long run by getting you the support you need early on.




A．Learn to accept failure
B．Don’t be afraid to ask for help
C．So if you try to study for several hours once
D．Make sure that every minute you spend studying counts
E．However, try not to go off-track too often or for too long
F．Where you study can also affect how effectively you use your time
G．And once you know what specific topics or ideas you need to work on









【语篇解读】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者提出几个充分利用时间学习的建议。
【详情解析】
11．【E】由上文“This means setting aside specific times for studying each day and then sticking to that schedule as closely as possible. Of course, there will be days when things come up, and you have to deviate(偏离) from your plan.(这意味着每天留出特定的学习时间，然后尽可能严格遵守时间表。当然，总会有事情发生的时候，你不得不偏离你的计划。)”可知，上文讲有时我们会因为临时事情偏离计划，而E项However, try not to go off-track too often or for too long(但是，尽量不要太频繁或太长时间偏离轨道)符合语境，其中go off-track和上文deviate from your plan对应。故选E项。
12【C】．由前文“Our brain can only focus effectively for so long before we start losing concentration.(我们的大脑只能有效地集中注意力这么长一段时间，然后才会开始失去注意力。)”和后文“chances are much higher that you won't remember all of the information you're trying to learn.(你不记得你想学的所有信息的可能性要大得多。)”可知，前面讲大脑只能集中注意力一段时间，而后文讲记不住内容，所以所填空应说我们一次学习时间太长的话，我们会记不住学习内容。而C项So if you try to study for several hours once(所以如果你试着一次学习几个小时)符合语境，有承上启下作用。故选C项。
13．【F】由后文“Some people prefer to study in complete silence, while others find that some background noise helps them focus better. There is no right or wrong answer here-it's all about finding a place to study. that allows you to work as efficiently as possible.(有些人喜欢完全安静地学习，而另一些人则发现一些背景噪音有助于他们更好地集中注意力。这里没有正确或错误的答案，这都是关于找一个学习的地方。这使你能够尽可能高效地学习。)”可知，这段主要讲找一个学习的地方，而F项Where you study can also affect how effectively you use your time(你在哪里学习也会影响你如何有效地利用时间)符合语境，其中Where 和小标题中place对应，且本句有启下作用。故选F项。
14．【G】由后文“it will be much easier for you to direct your study sessions accordingly and make better use of your time overall.(你可以更容易地指导你的学习课程，更好地利用你的时间。)”可知，前文应讲明确你的方向，这样会更利于学习。而G项And once you know what specific topics or ideas you need to work on(一旦你知道你需要做什么具体的主题或想法)符合语境，其中 specific topics or ideas you need to work on与后文 direct your study sessions accordingly 对应，故选G项。
15．【B】由后文“If you find that you're struggling to understand the material or just not making progress as quickly as you’d like,seek assistance in time. There is no shame in admitting that you need assistance. In fact, it can save lots of time in the long run by getting you the support you need early on.(如果你发现你很难理解这些材料，或者只是没有像你想的那样快速地取得进展，请及时寻求帮助。承认你需要帮助并不可耻。事实上，通过尽早获得所需的支持，从长远来看，它可以节省大量时间。)”可知，这段主要讲要学会寻求帮助，而B项Don’t be afraid to ask for help(不要害怕寻求帮助)符合语境，对下文有概括作用，且help与下文也对应。故选B项。
Passage 4、（2022-2023学年度四川绵阳第一次模拟考试）
How to Learn a Language as an Adult
If you dream of learning a foreign language, your age does not disqualify you. Make the process more fun - and by extension, more successful-with these tips.
Find your motivation.
Wish you had paid more attention in high school Spanish classes?_____16_____Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to fulfill a graduation requirement. Linguists(语言学家)call these “extrinsic(外在的)motivators，”but the most successful language students are “intrinsically motivated, sincerely devoted to their own learning._____17_____,whether on a grand vacation in Spain or on your couch watching Spanish soap operas.
Pick your tools.
___18___, but you’ll figure out which resources work best for you. Mobile apps such as Duolingo and Babbel gamify your learning, so if you could easily spend hours playing on your phone, you’ll likely find these similarly addictive. And don’t forget books. McGraw Hill and Barron’s offer excellent textbooks with answer keys to let you see how you’re doing.
_19_
Immerse (沉浸) yourself in your chosen language as much as you can. Watch movies or listen to songs, even if they are just on in the background. Periodically look around you and see how many things you can name in the language you’re studying. Or, better yet, label items around your home with those words. You’ll have no choice but to see them and, in very little time, learn them.
Get social.
Practicing with other people helps solidify what you’ve already learned and make you more aware of which ideas you’re able to express._____20_____,though various websites and apps such as language exchange. com, Hello Talk, and Talk Abroad can connect you with some, either free or for a small fee.
A．Dive in
B．Just do it
C．Consider why you didn’t
D．It might take some trial and error
E．You might as well practice on your own
F．So pick a language you are excited to use
G．They need not to be native speakers you chat with









【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作为成年人，如何来学习一门语言的方法。
【详情解析】
16．【C】根据本段标题“Find your motivation.”（找到你的（学习）动机），可知本段主要讲述学习动机对于语言学习者的重要。结合前文“Wish you had paid more attention in high school Spanish classes?”（希望你在高中的西班牙语课上多花点心思？）本句使用了虚拟语气，表示和过去事实相反的情形，即过去在高中西班牙课上没有花心思，下文“Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to fulfill a graduation requirement.”（也许你想要的只是一个好成绩，或者满足一个毕业要求。）讲述了自己没有花心思是因为自己只是想要一个好成绩或者达到毕业要求，所以空处应承接前文，思考自己为什么没有花心思。C项“想想你为什么没有花心思”，切题，故选C。
17．【F】根据前文“Linguists(语言学家)call these “extrinsic(外在的)motivators，”but the most successful language students are “intrinsically motivated, sincerely devoted to their own learning.”（语言学家称之为“外在动机”，但是最成功的语言学生是“内在动机，真诚地致力于自己的学习。”）可知，最成功的语言学生对语言的学习源自于个人对语言的喜欢的内在动机，因此空处承接前文，学习者就要根据自己的内心，学习语言就选择自己喜欢的来学习，F项“所以选择一种你感兴趣的语言”，切题，故选F。
18．【D】根据标题“Pick your tools.”（挑选学习资源）下文“but you’ll figure out which resources work best for you.”（但你会发现哪些资源最适合你。）可知，在挑选学习资源时，会有适合自己和不适合之分，通过不断地尝试，你可以找出哪些资源最适合你。因此空处可以叙述，对于学习资源，你要反复尝试。D项“可能需要反复试验和错误”，切题，故选D。
19．【A】空处为段落的标题，结合其它几个黑体字提示，可知此处用祈使句。根据下文“Immerse (沉浸) yourself in your chosen language as much as you can.Watch movies or listen to songs, even if they are just on in the background. ”（尽可能地沉浸在你所选择的语言中。看电影或听歌曲，即使它们只是背景音乐。）讲述了选好自己要学的语言后，就要去享受这种语言。说明了选好后就开始行动。因而空处可以叙述那就行动吧。A项“开始吧”，符合题意，故选A。
20．【G】根据前文“Practicing with other people helps solidify what you’ve already learned and make you more aware of which ideas you’re able to express.”（和别人一起练习有助于巩固你已经学到的东西，让你更清楚地意识到你能表达哪些想法。）提到了和别人交流带来的好处。下文“though various websites and apps such as language exchange. com, Hello Talk, and Talk Abroad can connect you with some, either free or for a small fee.”（尽管通过各种网站和应用程序，如language exchange. com, Hello Talk, 和 Talk Abroad，可以为您连接一些网站，或者免费，或者收取一点费用。）可知通过这些网站和应用程序你可以和母语人士交流，though的使用，说明空处和后文为转折含义，因此空处可以描述，与你交流的人可以不是母语人士，G项“和你聊天的人不必是母语人士”符合题意，故选G。
Passage 5、（江西赣州十六县市二十校2023届高三联考试题）
If you just want to come up with a fun idea that will generate enthusiasm for your community group, we have five worthy suggestions.
●____21____
Getting all your neighbors together for an afternoon or an evening on weekends can help you develop more than a nodding acquaintance with them. This is a bit simple, but things like picking a location, sending out invitations and arranging for food follow pretty organically once you start setting up strategy.
●Hold a hobby show
____22____, from face painting to woodcarving, and most are willing to share their works. From conducting a cooking contest in the public kitchen to putting on a dance show, there are hundreds of ways that you can make your neighbors show their hobbies.
●Host a nature walk
Hosting a nature walk around a neighborhood park is a good way to educate the community about green practices and conservation.____23____. In this activity neighbors actively join in the identification of the trees, birds, insects, and other wildlife you share space with.
●Hold a pumpkin painting contest
In fall, pumpkin carving is a big contest. This year, instead of slicing those orange globes into scary shapes, hold a kid-focused pumpkin decorating day.____24____. For the grownups, prepare a couple of face painting booths and let a professional to help.
●Have a treasure hunt
A treasure hunt gets people thinking creatively and actively engaged in the hunt. We really love this idea because it can be an indoor or outdoor activity, so it’s a year-round option. All you need is some gifts, a hiding place and mysterious clues. You just place a flag where the treasure should be.____25____.
A．Throw a community party
B．Everyone has a personal interest
C．Turn to neighbors in your community
D．It also helps identify some regional creatures
E．The carving contest is more suitable for grownups
F．The winner can use it to claim his prize and get the glory
G．Kids can become pumpkin reinvention masters with adults’ help









【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个有趣的点子，为社区团体带来热情。
【详情解析】
21．【A】根据下文每段的小标题可知，空格处句子是一个祈使句。根据下文“Getting all your neighbors together for an afternoon or an evening on weekends can help you develop more than a nodding acquaintance with them.(周末让你所有的邻居聚在一起度过一个下午或一个晚上，不仅可以帮助你与他们点头之交)”可知，本段主要是建议举办社区聚会。A项“Throw a community party(举办一个社区聚会)”符合文意。故选A。
22【B】．根据本段小标题“Hold a hobby show(举办一个爱好展)”以及下文“from face painting to woodcarving, and most are willing to share their works.(从面部绘画到木雕，大多数人都愿意分享他们的作品)”可知，本段主要建议举行业余爱好表演。B项“Everyone has a personal interest(每个人都有自己的兴趣)”符合文意。故选B。
23．【D】根据上文“Hosting a nature walk around a neighborhood park is a good way to educate the community about green practices and conservation.(在社区公园周围举办一次自然漫步是教育社区绿色实践和保护的好方法)”可知，上文介绍了在社区公园周围举办一次自然漫步的好处，D项“It also helps identify some regional creatures(它也有助于识别一些地区生物)”进一步补充另一个好处，衔接自然，符合文意。故选D。
24．【G】根据本段小标题“Hold a pumpkin painting contest”可知，本段建议举办南瓜绘画比赛。下文“For the grownups, prepare a couple of face painting booths and let a professional to help.(为成年人准备几个面部彩绘间，让专业人士帮忙)”介绍成年人如何参与这项活动。G项“Kids can become pumpkin reinvention masters with adults’ help(孩子们可以在大人的帮助下成为南瓜再造大师)”介绍孩子如何参与活动，符合文意。故选G。
25．【F】根据本段小标题“Have a treasure hunt”可知，本段建议进行寻宝活动。F项“The winner can use it to claim his prize and get the glory（获胜者可以用它来领取奖品并获得荣誉）”与本段话题有关，符合文意。故选F。
Passage 6、（2022-2023学年度安徽十大名校高三联考）
A new government report has some bad news about sea levels on the U.S. coastline. ____26____ The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and six other agencies created the report.
“The sea level rise is upon us,” said Nicole LeBoeuf, director of NOAA’s National Ocean service. ____27____ “That’s because the United States coasts are home to a lot of economic activity and 40 percent of the U.S. population,” LeBoeuf explained.
____28____ “The greatest rise in the U.S. will be on the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast. The West Coast and Hawaii will be below the average,” said William Sweet, who is the report’s lead writer. The report predicts 0.6 meters of sea level rise in St. Petersburg, Florida. But the study predicts just 0.36 meters in Los Angeles, California.
Cities, such as Annapolis, Maryland, and Miami Beach, Florida, already experience a few minor floods every year during high tides, but those will be replaced by several “moderate (中等的)” floods a year by about 2050. “Higher sea levels mean more floods,” Sweet said, “____29____ And many of our major metropolitan (大都市的) areas on the East Coast are going to be increasingly at risk.”
Climate change is the major cause of the sea level rise. ____30____ To avoid the potential consequences of the sea level rise, great efforts should be made to reduce the negative effects of climate change.

A．She warned that the cost would be high.
B．But climate change can be slowed down.
C．Sea levels rise more in some places than others.
D．Some cities won’t be affected by the sea level rise.
E．Areas that haven’t been flooding are starting to flood.
F．People today are greatly concerned about this problem.
G．It says they’re expected to rise by at least 0.25 meters in the next 30 years.









【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。指出了一项研究结果：未来三十年美国的海平面会上升至少0.25米，但各地上升程度不一，采取相关应对措施可能有所帮助。
【详情解析】
26．【G】上文“A new government report has some bad news about sea levels on the U.S. coastline.（一份新的政府报告中有一些关于美国海岸线海平面的坏消息。）”可推测，空格处将指出坏消息。选项G“It says they’re expected to rise by at least 0.25 meters in the next 30 years.（它表示，预计在未来30年内，它们将上升至少0.25米。）”使用it指代前文的政府报告，指出了担忧的事情，符合语境。故选G项。
27．【A】下文“That’s because the United States coasts are home to a lot of economic activity and 40 percent of the U.S. population,（这是因为美国海岸是许多经济活动和40%美国人口的家园，）”可知LeBoeuf指出了美国海岸的重要性，可推测如果海平面上升损失应该会很大。选项A“She warned that the cost would be high.（她警告说代价会很高。）”符合语境。故选A项。
28．【C】下文“The greatest rise in the U.S. will be on the Gulf of Mexico and East Coast. The West Coast and Hawaii will be below the average（墨西哥湾和东海岸将是美国海岸上升最快的地区。西海岸和夏威夷的速度将低于平均水平，）”可知此段描述的是各地海岸上升程度的不一致。选项C“Sea levels rise more in some places than others.（一些地方的海平面上升幅度比其他地方大。）”符合语境。故选C项。
29．【E】上文““Higher sea levels mean more floods,” Sweet said,（Sweet说：“更高的海平面意味着更多的洪水，”）”可知越来越多地方遭遇了洪水。选项E“Areas that haven’t been flooding are starting to flood.（以前没涨过洪水的地方开始涨洪水。）”与上文语义关联，符合语境。故选E项。
30．【B】上文“Climate change is the major cause of the sea level rise.（气候变化是海平面上升的主要原因。）”可知，要抑制海平面上升，可能需要从气候变化着；下文“To avoid the potential consequences of the sea level rise, great efforts should be made to reduce the negative effects of climate change.（为了避免海平面上升的潜在后果，应该作出巨大努力来减少气候变化的负面影响。）”可知，气候变化的负面影响能够通过努力减少。选项B“But climate change can be slowed down.（但是气候变化可以放缓。）”与上下文关联紧密，符合语境。故选B项。
Passage 7、（2023届湖北省鄂东南教育改革联盟学校高三联考试题）
Fake news spreads faster and more easily today through the internet, social media and instant messaging. ____31____, which can harm the public health and add to social disorder and division.
Some fake news also contains a mixture of correct information, which makes it difficult to spot what is true and accurate. ____32____. They might not have read the full story before sharing or just glanced over it. Before you decide to share, make sure to read stories properly and follow some checks to determine the accuracy.
If the story appears to claim a much higher level of certainty in its advice and arguments than other stories, this is questionable. ____33____. So, it is only natural to more readily accept information that provides comfort or easy solutions – unfortunately, often in a false way.
____34____, it is worth double-checking. Fake news will try to grab your attention by being more exaggerated than real stories. Anything written entirely in capital letters or containing a lot of exclamation marks should raise your suspicions.
The best sources for authentic information are your government websites. However, even government messaging can get things wrong. ____35____. For instance, The Conversation is a more trusted source because all content is written by academics who are experts in their fields. Websites such as APFactCheck and Full Fact highlight common fake news stories. A search engine can be used to look up the title of the article to see if it has been identified as fake news by the mainstream media.

A．If a story is more surprising
B．If a message presses you to share
C．Fake news may also be shared by trusted friends and family
D．People will be seeking certainty in a time of high uncertainty
E．But they are more trustworthy than unchecked sources on social media
F．Think twice about the messages and help guide your family and friends
G．These messages may contain useless, incorrect information and advice








【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚假消息特点，我们应该谨慎对待，辨认可靠来源，区分消息真假。
【详情解析】
31．【G】根据前句“Fake news spreads faster and more easily today through the internet, social media and instant messaging. (如今，假消息通过互联网、社交媒体和即时消息传播得更快、更容易。)”和后半句“which can harm the public health and add to social disorder and division.(会损害公众健康，加剧社会的混乱和分裂。)”可知，这里介绍什么是虚假消息，which 所指代内容应为虚假消息，所以选择项G“These messages may contain useless, incorrect information and advice(这些消息可能含有无用的、不正确的信息和建议)”符合上下文语境，故选G。
32．【C】根据前句“Some fake news also contains a mixture of correct information, which makes it difficult to spot what is true and accurate. (一些假消息还包含了正确信息的混合，这使得人们很难辨别什么是真实和准确的。)”和后句“They might not have read the full story before sharing or just glanced over it. (他们可能在分享之前没有阅读完整的故事，或者只是浏览了一下。)”可知，假消息真假难辨，所以经常被分享，后文中 they 所指代内容应为分享消息的人，所以选择项C“Fake news may also be shared by trusted friends and family (假消息也可能被信任的朋友和家人分享)”符合上下文语境，故选 C。
33．【D】根据后文“So, it is only natural to more readily accept information that provides comfort or easy solutions – unfortunately, often in a false way.(因此，更容易接受提供舒适或简单解决方案的信息是很自然的——不幸的是，往往是错误的方式。)”可知，这里应为人们乐意接受虚假消息的原因。所以选择项D“People will be seeking certainty in a time of high uncertainty (人们将在一个高度不确定的时期寻求确定性)”符合上下文语境，故选 D。
34．【A】根据后文“it is worth double-checking. Fake news will try to grab your attention by being more exaggerated than real stories. Anything written entirely in capital letters or containing a lot of exclamation marks should raise your suspicions.(就值得再次检查。假消息会试图通过比真实故事更夸张的内容来吸引你的注意力。任何完全用大写字母书写或包含大量感叹号的内容都应该引起你的怀疑。)”可知，虚假消息的特点之一是比较夸张。所以选择项A“If a story is more surprising (如果一个故事更令人惊讶)”符合上下文语境，故选 A。
35．【E】根据前文“The best sources for authentic information are your government websites. However, even government messaging can get things wrong.(获得真实信息的最佳来源是政府网站。然而，即使是政府的信息也可能出错。)”和后文“For instance, The Conversation is a more trusted source because all content is written by academics who are experts in their fields. Websites such as APFactCheck and Full Fact highlight common fake news stories. A search engine can be used to look up the title of the article to see if it has been identified as fake news by the mainstream media.(例如，The Conversation是一个更值得信赖的资源，因为所有的内容都是由各自领域的专家学者撰写的。APFactCheck和Full Fact等网站突出了常见的假新闻。可以使用搜索引擎查找文章的标题，看看它是否被主流媒体识别为假新闻。)”举例说明一些可靠网站可知，尽管前文提到政府网站也可能会有错误消息，但仍比一般媒体可靠。所以选择项E“But they are more trustworthy than unchecked sources on social media (但它们比社交媒体上未经核实的消息来源更值得信赖)”符合上下文语境，故选E。
Passage 8、（2022·河南·偃师市缑第四中学高三第一次摸底考试）
For today’s managers, good communication plays an essential role in their success in the workplace and in their personal life. Leaders who know how to communicate effectively with those around them will see. better productivity and improved relationships in every aspect of their lives. Let’s explore some benefits of effective communication.
It helps prevent and resolve problems.
___36___ Moreover, it can prevent potential ones from arising. The key is to remain calm, make sure all parties are heard and find a solution that is ideal for everyone involved.
___37___
With effective communication skills, you’re able to deliver clear expectations and objectives for your team.
This involves finding constructive ways to point out when something isn’t working as well as providing helpful feedback(反馈) to get people back on track,which will help get rid of conflicts and confusion.
It creates better relationships.
Good communication can also improve relationships, both with employees and in your personal life with your friends and family members. Listening carefully and offering quality feedback helps people to feel heard and understood. ___38___It improves productivity.
When team members understand their roles, the roles of others and your expectations, they can focus more on_their work and less on workplace issues. ___39___ These benefits contribute to greater productivity for you and your team.
It promotes team building.
A．It helps build trust.
B．It provides clarity and direction.
C．This, in turn, shows respect to each other.
D．Effective communication contributes to resolving conflicts.
E．As people feel listened to and understood, you have good leadership skills.
F．Employees can better manage their workload and distractions are minimized.
G．You will not have one team member feel as though they have to carry the entire group.
With improved communication, team members will be better able to rely on each other. ___40___ This improved division of labor will encourage positive feelings and relationships between the team members, which leads to improved morale(士气) and work experiences.
【语篇解读】
本文的是说明文。文章介绍了有效沟通在工作中的好处。
【详情解析】
36．【D】根据该段小标题“It helps prevent and resolve problems(它有助于预防和解决问题)”可知，有效沟通有助于预防和解决问题，D项：Effective communication contributes to resolving conflicts.(有效的沟通有助于解决冲突)进一步阐述有效的沟通有助于解决冲突。其中“contributes to resolving conflicts(有助于解决冲突)”与“resolve problems(解决问题)”相呼应。故选D。
37．【B】根据该段首句“With effective communication skills, you’re able to deliver clear expectations and objectives for your team(有了有效的沟通技巧，你就能够为你的团队提供明确的期望和目标)”可知，有了有效的沟通技巧，你能够为你的团队传达明确的期望和目标，因此该段围绕“clarity and direction(清晰度和方向)”展开，B项：It provides clarity and direction.(它提供了清晰度和方向)合乎题意。故选B。
38．【C】根据该段小标题“It creates better relationships(它能创造更好的关系)”以及空格前一句“Listening carefully and offering quality feedback helps people to feel heard and understood(认真倾听并提供高质量的反馈可以帮助人们感到被倾听和理解)”可知，仔细倾听并提供高质量的反馈有助于人们感到被倾听和被理解，这反过来也表示了对彼此的尊重。C项：This, in turn, shows respect to each other.(反过来，这也显示了对彼此的尊重)合乎题意。故选C。
39．【F】根据该段小标题“It improves productivity(它提高了生产力)”可知，有效沟通能够提高工作效率，F项中的“better manage their workload(更好地管理他们的工作量)”和“distractions are minimized(干扰被最小化)”与空前的“focus more on their work and less on workplace issues(更多地关注他们的工作，而不是工作场所的问题)”呼应。故选F。
40．【G】根据该段小标题“It promotes team building(它促进团队建设)”及该空后句“This improved division of labor will encourage positive feelings and relationships between the team members, which leads to improved morale(士气) and work experiences.(这种改进的劳动分工将鼓励团队成员之间积极的感情和关系，从而提高士气和工作经验)”可知，有效沟通能够使团队成员更好地相互依赖，避免产生一个人战斗的感觉，从而激发团队士气，G项：You will not have one team member feel as though they have to carry the entire group.(你不会让任何一个团队成员觉得他们必须扛起整个团队)合乎题意。故选G。
Passage 9、（2022--2023学年度浙江金华市十校11月份模拟考试）
I know that facing uncertainty at work can be stressful, particularly in the current economic climate. While I don’t know the particulars of your situation, I can provide some general advice to help reduce the chance of being laid off.
Start by demonstrating your skills and value to your company. ___41___ Meanwhile, show your talents on high-priority assignments. Provide regular progress updates on the financial impact directly related to your work. And share your accomplishments with your directors. ___42___
Next, take steps to make sure you are seen as vital to your clients. Often employers consider the impact layoffs will have on customer relations. ___43___ However, it may leave a lasting impression on management and colleagues who may be very helpful in your future career.
___44___ To prepare for a layoff, take practical steps, such as updating your resume (简历) and LinkedIn profile to highlight any promotions, new skills, projects, and educational achievements. Make use of your network on LinkedIn and other virtual platforms to connect with people in your field.
Financial preparations are also strongly advised. Review your budget and cut it where you can. ___45___ Make sure you know the requirements for unemployment in your state as well as the anticipated benefit amount so that you can work that into any budget plans. And if possible, consider applying for new opportunities.
A．It will allow you to increase your savings.
B．They may not be aware of all that you’ve done.
C．A layoff may come as a shock to any employer.
D．While you plan for the best, prepare for the worst.
E．Of course, these steps may not always prevent a layoff.
F．One of the best ways to do that is by growing your skills.
G．This may mean volunteering for tasks that others don’t want to do.










【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些有助于减少被解雇的机会的建议。
【详情解析】
41．【G】根据上文“Start by demonstrating your skills and value to your company.(从展示你的技能和对公司的价值开始)”以及后文“Meanwhile, show your talents on high-priority assignments.(同时，在优先任务上展示你的才能)”可知，上文提到展示你的技能和对公司的价值开始，本句承接上文说明这么做的意义：意味着自愿做别人不想做的工作。故G选项“这可能意味着自愿做别人不想做的工作”符合语境，故选G。
42．【B】根据上文“And share your accomplishments with your directors.(和你的主管们分享你的成就)”可知，上文提到和主管分享成就，本句为本段最后一句，说明这么做的原因：他们可能不知道你所做的一切，B选项中They指代上文directors。故B选项“他们可能不知道你所做的一切”符合语境，故选B。
43．【E】根据上文“Next, take steps to make sure you are seen as vital to your clients. Often employers consider the impact layoffs will have on customer relations.(接下来，采取措施确保你被客户视为至关重要的人。雇主通常会考虑裁员对客户关系的影响)”以及后文“However, it may leave a lasting impression on management and colleagues who may be very helpful in your future career.(然而，这可能会给管理层和同事留下深刻的印象，他们可能会对你未来的职业生涯有很大的帮助)”可知，本句承接上文说明“采取措施确保你被客户视为至关重要的人”这一做法对避免裁员的不一定有用，后文与本句构成转折，指出这可能会给管理层和同事留下深刻的印象，他们可能会对你未来的职业生涯有很大的帮助。故E选项“当然，这些措施不一定能避免裁员”符合语境，故选E。
44．【D】根据后文“To prepare for a layoff, take practical steps, such as updating your resume (简历) and LinkedIn profile to highlight any promotions, new skills, projects, and educational achievements. Make use of your network on LinkedIn and other virtual platforms to connect with people in your field.(为被解雇做好准备，采取切实可行的措施，比如更新你的简历和领英简介，突出任何晋升、新技能、项目和教育成就。利用你在LinkedIn和其他虚拟平台上的人际网络与你所在领域的人建立联系)”可知，后文提到为被解雇做好准备，即做好最坏的打算。故D选项“做最好的打算，做最坏的打算”符合语境，故选D。
45．【A】根据上文“Financial preparations are also strongly advised. Review your budget and cut it where you can.(还强烈建议做好财务准备。回顾你的预算，在你能削减的地方削减)”可知，上文提到削减开支，即增加储蓄。故A选项“它可以让你增加储蓄”符合语境，故选A。
Passage 10、（2022--2023学年度福建龙岩市级校联盟（九校）高三联考）
How to Improve Your Communication Skills
If you feel like you lack the basic skills required for good communication, there are a number of reliable ways to improve. Here are a few tips:
____46____Effective communicators are always good listeners. Active listening means engaging with what people say by giving positive replies and asking follow-up questions to show that you are paying attention.
Focus on nonverbal communication. Mastering nonverbal signals can help prevent miscommunication and signal interest to those around you.____47____Your nonverbal signals affect the first impression you make on someone. Maintaining eye contact, limiting hand gestures, and having good posture go a long way when meeting someone for the first time.
Manage your own emotions. For clear communication and your own personal well-being, it’s important to manage your emotions and express them appropriately in context.____48____
Practice public speaking.____49____However, there’s no better way to develop good communication skills than by seeking out public speaking opportunities. Great communicators are able to clearly express their feelings, whether they’re speaking to a large group or talking face-to-face to one other person. Regularly speaking in front of a group will help you find your strengths and weaknesses and force you to develop great communication habits.
A．Practice active listening.
B．Develop communication skills.
C．Public speaking may sound frightening.
D．Know what’s appropriate to express when speaking publicly.
E．Turn to them for advice on improving your communication skills.
F．Showing strong emotions can lead to poor communication and conflict.
G．Pay attention to your facial expressions and body language when speaking with someone.
Ask for feedback. There’s no shame in asking for honest feedback on your communication skills from people around you.____50____


【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。讲述如何提高沟通能力的方法。
【详情解析】
46．【A】根据上文“If you feel like you lack the basic skills required for good communication, there are a number of reliable ways to improve. Here are a few tips.(如果你觉得自己缺乏良好沟通所需的基本技能，有一些可靠的方法可以改善。这里有一些建议。)”以及后文“Effective communicators are always good listeners. Active listening means engaging with what people say by giving positive replies and asking follow-up questions to show that you are paying attention.(有效的沟通者总是好的倾听者。积极倾听是指通过给予积极的回答和提出后续问题来参与人们所说的内容，以表明你在认真倾听。)”可知，此空上一段讲提高沟通技能的方法。下一段在讲学会积极倾听。A项“Practice active listening.(练习积极倾听。)”符合语境。故选A项。
47．【G】根据上文“Focus on nonverbal communication.  Mastering nonverbal signals can help prevent miscommunication and signal interest to those around you.(关注非语言沟通。掌握非语言信号可以帮助防止错误的沟通，并向你周围的人表达你的兴趣。)”以及后文“Your nonverbal signals affect the first impression you make on someone. Maintaining eye contact, limiting hand gestures, and having good posture go a long way when meeting someone for the first time.(你的非语言信号会影响你给别人的第一印象。第一次和别人见面时，保持眼神交流，少做手势，保持良好的姿势对你大有帮助。)”可知此空是讲nonverbal signs的内容。G项“Pay attention to your facial expressions and body language when speaking with someone.(和别人说话的时候要注意你的面部表情和肢体语言。)”符合语境，故选G项。
48．【F】根据上文“For clear communication and your own personal well-being, it’s important to manage your emotions and express them appropriately in context.(为了清晰的沟通和你自己的幸福，管理好你的情绪并适当地表达它们是很重要的。)”可知此段是讲管理好自己的情绪。F项“Showing strong emotions can lead to poor communication and conflict.(表现出强烈的情绪会导致沟通不畅和冲突。)”符合语境，故选F项。
49．【C】根据上文“Practice public speaking.(练习公共演讲。)”以及下文“However, there’s no better way to develop good communication skills than by seeking out public speaking opportunities. (然而，要培养良好的沟通技巧，没有比寻找公开演讲机会更好的方法了。)”可知此空讲公共演讲。C项“Public speaking may sound frightening.(公共演讲可能听起来让人害怕。)”与下文however构成转折，符合语境。故选C项。
50．【E】根据上文“Ask for feedback. There’s no shame in asking for honest feedback on your communication skills from people around you.(寻求反馈。从你周围的人那里获得关于你沟通技巧的诚实反馈并不可耻。)”可知此空讲要适当向他人求助。E项“Turn to them for advice on improving your communication skills.(向他们寻求提高沟通技巧的建议。)”符合语境，故选E项。