高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：特殊结构（含答案）

高考二轮语法回顾与训练---特殊结构

1.倒装：在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。 倒装有两种：部分倒装和完全倒装。部分倒装是指将助动词 (do, does, did, have, has)、情态动词或be动词提到主语前面。完全倒装是指将整个谓语提到主语前面。

强调：强调句型的被强调内容必须是对that / who后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把it is / was…that / who去掉，句子成分、意思应该完整。

省略：省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句。

2.考点归纳

一、倒装

1. 完全倒装（Full Inversion）

谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有：

（1）表示方式、方位的副词或介词短语（如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall…）置于句首，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。

There lies a temple near our cottage.

Down came the rain and up went the umbrella.

Out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。

South of the river lies a small factory. 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。

In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。

（2）主系表结构中的表语位于句首时，用完全倒装。句子结构为：表语 + 连系动词 + 主语。表语可以是：形容词 / 介词短语 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 不定式。

Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.

Present at the meeting were Professor Zhang and many other guests. 张教授和许多其他客人出席了会议。

（3）such置于句首时，用倒装结构。

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist. 这就是艾伯特•爱因斯坦，一个朴实的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。

2. 部分倒装(Partial Inversion)

只把谓语的一部分（助动词、情态动词或者be动词）置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。

（1）否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等置于句首时。

Little does he realize how important this meeting is.

Never before have I seen such a moving film. = I have never seen such a moving film before. 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。

Not a single mistake did he make. = He didn’t make a single mistake. 他一个错也没犯。

（2）当not only…but also…连接两个分句时，前一个分句使用部分倒装结构，而后一个分句不倒装。

Fortunately, not only did I smooth away these difficulties ultimately, but I also learnt how to team up with others. 幸运的是，最终我不仅消除这些困难，而且我也学会了如何与他人合作。

During those days, not only did we get our oral English or Chinese improved, but we also learned the significance of cooperation and communication. 那些日子里，不仅我们的英语、汉语口语得到提升，我们也

（3）“so / such…that…”句型中，当such / so位于句首时，主句用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。

 So clearly does he speak Japanese that he can always make himself understood.

（4）No sooner…than …; Hardly …when…; scarcely…when…（一…就…）的倒装。

No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.

（5）表示“绝不”的短语置于句首时其后要用部分倒装。如by no means, in no case, in no way, at no time, on no account, in / under no circumstances等。

By no means will I lend him money. 无论如何我绝不会借钱给他了。

（6）在Not until…结构中，当Not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，从句不倒装。

Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

（7）当“only + 状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）”位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。

Only then did we find out the truth. 只有那时，我们才查明了真相。

Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。

From the meaningful activity, I also learnt that only when we are armed with faith and devotion can we get over obstacles. 从这次有意义的活动中，我也学会了只有当我们具备了信念，更加地投入，我们才能克服障碍。

only开头的倒装句使用特点：

◆在only开头的部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：

(×) Only after the war learned he the sad news.

(√) Only after the war did he learn the sad news.

◆only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：

(×) Only when did he return did we find out the truth.

(√) Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

◆only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：

(×) Only can he answer the question.

(√) Only he can answer the question.

（8）由so, neither, nor引起的句子，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人（或事物）的倒装。当前后主语一致时只能用nor, 不能用neither。

- I am a student.  - So am I.

She hasn’t read it and nor / neither have I.

I couldn’t find him, nor did I know where he had gone.

（9）as / though表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，部分倒装。其结构为：

名词（无冠词）/ 形容词 / 副词 / 分词 + as / though + 主语 + 谓语 + 主句；

动词（实义动词）+ as / though + 主语 + 助动词 + 主句。

Much as / though I like it, I will not buy it．

Exhausted as / though he was, there was no hope of his being able to sleep.

Try as you may, he won’t listen to your advice on the potential dangers of smoking. 尽管你可以尝试，他不会听你关于吸烟潜在危险的建议。

Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. 尽管他尝试了，他没有通过考试。

（10）当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should时，将if省略，将had, were, should移到主语前，构成部分倒装。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。

Were she here, she would agree with us. （=If she were here…）如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Were it to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. （=If it were to rain…）如果明天下雨，他们不会出去。  

Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. （=If he shoud agree…）要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

二、强调句

1. 强调句的基本结构：It is (was) + 被强调的部分 + that…

It was your hospitality and consideration on everyday basis that made me feel at home. 你的殷勤好客和生活中的细致贴心让我感觉宾至如归。

It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits / that is of benefit to our work most. 不是我们做了多少，而是对我们所做的事情投入多少情感最有利于我们的工作。

2、强调句的一般疑问句：Was it (Is it) + 被强调的部分 + that…？

Is it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？

3、强调句的特殊疑问句：Who / What / When…+ was / is it + that…？

- What was it that made Tom wild with joy?

- That he succeeded in passing the A-level exam this year.

4、宾语从句中的强调句：主语 + 动词 + who / what / when…it was / is that…

Do you know why it was that your parents chose to settle down in this city?

5、含有not…until 结构的强调句：It was not until…that…

It was not until he got to the office that he remembered leaving the key at home.

三、省略句

1. 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略。

- Did you remember the days when we studied in the university?

- Certainly. Especially the hard times (which) we spent together.

2. 动词不定式的省略。

（1）单独使用不定式符号to，代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等。

I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.

（2）否定形式的省略用not to。

- Shall I go instead of him? 我可以代替他去吗？

- I prefer you not to. 我宁可你不去。

（3）如果不定式中含有be, have, have been, 通常保留be, have和have been。

- Are you a sailor? 你是个海员吗？

- No, but I used to be. 不是，但我以前是。

- He hasn’t finished yet. 他还没完成。

- Well, he ought to have. 哦，他早该完成了。

3. 状语从句中的省略

（1）当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。

Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.

While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called. 当我正在沿着大街走时，我听见有人叫我的名字。

The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 展览比预料的更有趣。

He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 他张了张嘴好像有话要说。

When (she was) asked about her opinion of Professor Smith’s lecture, she said that never had she heard a better one than his.

（2）当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever) + 形容词。

Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 如果没必要，你最好别查词典。

另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有“if so / not”省略句式。

He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note. 他那时也许不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留下个便条。

（3）如果if条件从句中有were，had或should时，可省略连词if，同时将were, had或should提至主语前。（详见部分倒装10）

4. 宾语从句中的省略

（1）由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。

Please pass me one of these books, I don’t care which (you pass me). 请递给我一本书，随便哪一本。

He will come back, but he doesn’t know when (he will come back). 他会回来的，但他不知道什么时候回来。

（2）由that引导的宾语从句，连词that可省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余不能省。

I didn’t realize (that) she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。

强化训练

一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Had you consulted your close friends, they ________ (offer) a helping hand.

2. It is our parents ________ have devoted their ________ (condition) love to us, which indeed deserves our ________ (appreciate) and reward.

3. Not once ________ it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student.

4. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He ________ (sail) to East Africa.

5. Hearing the dog ________ (bark) fiercely, away________ (flee) the thief.

6. He kept a little notebook, in which __________ (write) the names and addresses of his friend.

7. ________ I you, I would communicate with them patiently, ________ (tell) them how ________ (serious) it will hurt me when my secrets are exposed.

8. The exhibition is more interesting than ________ (expect).

9. - Why didn’t you come to the party?

  - I had meant ________, but something ________ (expect) happened.

10. Were you ________ come, I would be your guide and show you ________ the places of interest in China, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and so on.

11. Present at the activity ________ (be) all the students who took delight in it.

12. The ________ (hard) you work, the more you will achieve.

13. There ________ (be) five students, a teacher and the headmaster who attended the special

problem-solving meeting.

二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及到一个单词的增加、删除和修改。

1. Give me a chance, I will give you a wonderful surprise.

2. Not until did he arrived home he find that this wallet had been stolen.

3. Was it because of Jack came late for school why Mr. Smith got angry?

4. Only after talking to two students did I discovered having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

5. If parents never expect their children to be helpful at home, they are sure not to.

6. If is possible, I am scheduled to pay a visit to my grandpa on next Monday.

7. The doctor announced that if treating in a proper way, the man, injured in the accident, is more likely to be saved.

8. I’ve tried hard to improve my Maths. But by no means is the teacher not satisfied with my progresses.

9. So great progress did he make what he was highly praised.

10. At last, on behalf of all the students in our school, I hope you will have a safe and happy journey home and there will be more program like this in the future.

11. It was not until at midnight that they reached the camp site.

12. It is not short cut but persistent efforts that determines where you can go and who you are.

三、翻译

1. 你的周到安排让这个活动既棒又难忘。（强调）

2. 更糟糕的是， 尽管我努力尝试，我的努力白费了。（倒装）

3. 不可否认，如果设计得当，这本杂志会是个巨大的成功。（省略）

4. 我不仅能使我的伙伴了解美国文化，必要时，我也能够帮他们。（倒装）

5. 你只有一步一步遵循我以上所说，你才会发现英语学习有趣、富有成效。（倒装）

6. 我流畅的英语口语、对美国文化的精通会让我在众多申请者中脱颖而出。（强调）

7. 我从来没有经历过像这样好的活动。（倒装）

8. 这不是我所订购的颜色，声音质量也难以达到我的期望。（倒装）

9. 你绝不应该和父母争吵。（倒装）

参考答案：

一、填空

1. would have offered  2. who/that; unconditional; appreciation  3. did  4. that; had sailed  5. barking; fled  6. were written  7. were; telling; seriously  8. expected  9. to; unexpected  10. to; around  11. were  12. harder  13. were

二、改错

1. give - giving或and I    

2. did删除; did he

3. of删除；why - that    

4. is - was; discovered - discover

5. to be       

6. It is或者删除is; 删除on

7. treating - treated; is - was   

8. 删除not; progresses - progress

9. so - such; what - that       

10. and that; programs

11. 删除at      

12. determines - determine

三、翻译

1. It is your considerate arrangement that makes the activity wonderful and unforgettable.

2. Worse still, hard as I try, my efforts turn out to be fruitless.

3. Admittedly, the magazine will be a great success if designed properly.

4. Not only can I keep my partners informed of the American culture, but I am also capable of helping them when necessary.

5. Only if you follow what I mentioned above will you find your English study enjoyable and fruitful.

6. It is my fluent oral English and knowledge of American culture that will make me stand out among the applicants.

7. Never have I experienced a fantastic activity like this.

8. The color isn’t the one that I ordered, nor does its sound quality live up to my expectations.

9. On no account should you quarrel with your parents.