高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：状语从句（含答案）

这是一份高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：状语从句（含答案），共10页。学案主要包含了时间状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句和结果状语从句，方式状语从句，比较状语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高考二轮语法回顾与训练---状语从句1.在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个主句。按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。状语从句可放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号；放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。2.考点归纳一、时间状语从句1. when, while与as引导的时间状语从句（1）when, while与as引导时间状语从句的区别。when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制，根据具体情况而定。while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边……边……”。When they heard the news that Shenzhou Ⅸ had been sent up into space successfully, they jumped with joy. 当听到神州九号成功发射的消息时，他们高兴地跳了起来。When / While I was reading, he came in. （2）while还可以作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而；却”。Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan. 刘旺来自山西，而刘洋来自河南。（3）when也可以作并列连词，意为“这时；那时”，常用于以下句式：→ be about to do…when… 正要做…这时…→ be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时…→ be doing…when… 正在做…这时…→ had just done…when… 刚做完…这时…We were having a meeting when someone broke in.2. before与since引导的时间状语从句（1）before常译为“在…之前；还未…就…；…才…；趁…；还没来得及…”。常用句式：It will (not) be + 一段时间＋before...（没有）过…时间才It was not long before... 不久…就It was + 时间段 + before... 过了…（时间）才…（2）since常译为“自从…以来”。常用句式：It is / has been + 一段时间 + since…（从句用一般过去时）It was + 一段时间 + since...（从句用过去完成时）It will be two years before he leaves the country.Large quantities of information as well as some timely help have been offered since the organization was built. 那个组织成立以来，已经提供了大量的信息和及时的帮助。3. 表示“一…就…”含义的词（短语）引导的时间状语从句。（1）引导时间状语从句，且表示“一…就…”含义的词或短语有：as soon as, the moment,，the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly / scarcely... when, no sooner... than....Hardly had it struck 0 o’clock on November 11 when the shopaholics (购物狂) began to shop online crazily.（2）“on / upon doing sth或on / upon one’s + n.”也可表示“一…就…”，引导时间状语。Upon arriving / arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.4. until与till引导的时间状语从句not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Not until I began to use it did I find that it had fundamental quality problems.5. 其它连词（短语）（1）其它常见的引导时间状语从句的连词（短语）还有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first / last time, any time, by the time, the day / year等。Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. 每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。（2）by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.二、条件状语从句1. 引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有：if, unless, as / so long as（只要）, in case（万一）, once, on condition that（如果；条件是）, provided / providing (that)（如果）, supposing(that)（假定；假设）, considering (that)（考虑到）, given (that)（考虑到）等。As / So long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed. 只要你不灰心，你就会成功。In case there is a fire, what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先怎么办？2. 在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词应用一般现在时（如果强调动作的完成，可用现在完成时）；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就用一般过去时。She won’t go to bed until she has finished her homework.Unless some extra money is found, the theatre will close.In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.三、让步状语从句1. although, though, as与while引导的让步状语从句（1）although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。其结构为：n. / adj. / adv. / v. + as + 主语 + 谓语Although the sun is shining, it isn’t very warm. 尽管艳阳高照，天气并不是很暖和。Happy as they were, there was something missing. 尽管他们快乐，但总缺少点什么。（2）although与though都可以与yet、still连用，但不能和but连用。（3）though还可以作副词，意为“可是；然而”，置于句末。I’ve a bit of cold. It is nothing much, though. 我有点感冒，不过不太严重。（4）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首，表示“尽管；虽然”。While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。2. even if与even though引导的让步状语从句even if与even though表示“即使；纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。I’ll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。3. “no matter + 疑问词”与“疑问词 + ever”引导的让步状语从句（1）“no matter + 疑问词”相当于“疑问词 + ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says. 无论他说什么，不要相信他。（2）whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。Whoever breaks the law will be punished.4. whether...or...引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 不管你相信与否，那都是真的。四、地点状语从句1. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。You are free to go wherever you like. 你愿意去哪里就去哪里。2. 注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。→ You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.（状语从句）→ You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.（定语从句）你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。五、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, for, since（既然）, now that（既然），in that（原因是；因为）等。because: 直接原因，非推断。语气最强，能回答why的问题。since: 通常放句首。译为“既然”。（原因显而易见或已为人知）as: 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。（原因显而易见或已为人知）for: 不表示直接的原因，只是对前一分句作附带解释说明。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.六、目的状语从句和结果状语从句1. 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that, in order that, for fear that（唯恐；以免）, in case等。I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我会慢慢说，这样你就能理解我。Take your raincoat in case it should rain. 带上雨衣以防下雨。2. 结果状语从句（1）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so...that..., such...that...在非正式语体中，由so...that..., such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：so + adj / adv + thatso + adj + a / an  + 可数名词单数 + thatso + many / much / few / little + 名词 + that  such + a / an + adj + 单数可数名词 + thatsuch + adj +复数名词 / 不可数名词 + thatsuch + a lot of / lots of + 名词 + thatMike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family. 他挣的钱如此少，以至于养不起家。当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all difficult problems. 他是如此聪明的学生，以至于能成功地解出所有难题。So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.（2）除结果状语从句外，too...to...（太…而不能…），enough to...（达到某种程度可以…），so...as to...（那么…以至于…）等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.＝He got up too late to catch the bus.＝He got up so late as to miss the bus. 他起床太晚，以至于没赶上那班公共汽车。七、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired. 告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。I feel as if I have a fever. 我感觉像是发烧了。八、比较状语从句比较状语从句主要由than, as…as, the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…等引导以及特殊句型“A is to B what C is to D.”I can walk faster than you can run.The work is not as / so easy as you think.The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.Reading is to the mind what food is to the body. 读书之于头脑如同食物之于身体。九、状语从句中的省略现象1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中，若从句的主语是it 或与主句的主语相同，且谓语中含有be 时，常省略从句的主语和be。She stood at the school gate as if waiting for someone.（= …as if she was waiting…）When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （= When they were first introduced to…）2. if 条件状语从句的虚拟语气，如条件句中含有系动词were,助动词had或should，可将if 省略，把were, had 或should 移至主语前。Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （= If you should be fired…） 强化训练一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1. While________ (wait) for the opportunity to get promotion, Henry made every effort ________ (perform) his duty.2. ________ his Chinese was far from perfect, students and teachers cheered his effort.3. This six-millimetre-long creature _________ (find) in coastal areas and only bites if ________ (disturb).4. You can never meet the needs of every customer. Some may prefer light colors ________ others enjoy dark ________.5. So necessary have I found it ________ (learn) about my kid’s schoolwork ________ I will visit his teachers next week.6. Once ________(print), this dictionary will be very popular ________ students and teachers.7. When ________(plan) Encyclopedia, I had to create a table of contents ________ (base) on the topics of its articles.8. Sun was on his way up________ Tuesday evening after school, ________the lift suddenly came to a stop.9. When he found himself ______(stick) in the lift, a moment of panic________(follow) before the teenager could find a way out.10. When ________(start) a business, ________ (locate) is the first thing you should take into account.11. If I ________(be) a man then, I would never________(tell) my Dad I was too old ________ a goodbye kiss.12. Had they________(know) what was coming next, they might ________(have) second thoughts.13. I’m only a ________(begin) on this instrument; it will be years________ I’m ready to play for the public, but I’m sure I’ll achieve great fame eventually.14. She and her family________(hide) away for nearly twenty-five months________ they were discovered.15. I will forbid you to leave______ you make an apology________ what you have done.16. The thief ran away________(direct) he saw the policeman.17. So valuable ________ (be) this painting that it is difficult ________ (calculate) what its price would be.18. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if________(carry) out regularly, can improve our health.19. Once you are caught________(cheat), you won’t________(allow) to take a test again.二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。1. Don’t hesitate to ask me for help wherever you have questions.2. Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father, but he had to leave to my hometown in the evening.3. Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun.4. One day, some children were playing hide-and-seek while they heard a boy names Tate shouting.5. No sooner had we arrive at the station when the train left.6. Children, when accompanying by their parents, were allowed to enter the stadium.7. A disabled person as he is, he needs the dignity that we normal people own.8. If something disturb you, it makes you feel upset or worried.9. She was on the point of going out while the telephone rang.10. Taking my advice into account, and you will find relieved and make peace with your parents.三、翻译1. 跑步时，运动员们欣赏了乡村独特的风景。2. 很抱歉这个周末我不能如我承诺的一样到你家去辅导Marry学习汉语。3. 你能在方便的时候给我打个电话吗？4. 如果你能抽出一些时间浏览它们，做出必要的改动，我会非常感激的。5. 只要正确使用，它们会使我们受益的。6. 自你回到瑞典已经差不多一年了。7. 自你因交换项目来到我们学校已经过了两周了。8. 使我失望的是，它并不像售货员描述的那样发挥功能。9. 如果你致力于把你的中文口语提升到更高的水平，iSpeak是最好的。10. 要记住：你越细心，犯得错误越少。     参考答案：一、填空1. waiting; to perform  2. While / Though / Although  3. is found; disturbed  4. while; ones  5. to learn; that  6. printed; with/among  7. planning; based  8. on; when  9. stuck; followed  10. starting; location  11. had been; have told; for  12. known; have had  13. beginner; before  14. had hidden; before  15. unless; for  16. directly  17. is; to calculate  18. carried 19. cheating; be allowed二、改错1. wherever - whenever     2. 去掉but; leave后的to改为for3. 在then后加did; real - really   4. while - when; names - named5. arrive - arrived; when - than   6. accompanying - accompanied7. 去掉A       8. disturb - disturbs9. while - when      10.Taking - Take或者去掉and三、翻译1. While running, the athletes were enjoying the unique scenery in the countryside.2. I’m terribly sorry to say that I can’t go to your home to help Marry with her Chinese this weekend as I promised.3. Could you please give me a call if it is convenient for you?4. I would be grateful if you could spare/take some time to go through them and make some necessary changes.5. They will benefit us a lot as long as they are properly used.6. It is/has been almost a year since you returned to Sweden.7. Two weeks have passed since you came to our school for the exchange program.8. To my disappointment, it didn’t function as well as the salesgirl had described.9. If you are committed to improving your oral Chinese to a higher level, iSpeak is second to none.10. Keep in mind that the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.