高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题12特殊句式(倒装句、强调句、祈使句、反意疑问句、therebe句型和It的用法) (含解析)
展开专题12 特殊句式(倒装句、强调句、祈使句、反意疑问句与there be句型)(学与练)
学倒装句
考向一 全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装。主要有:
1.there be 句型:
可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用 live,happen,exist,remain,stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如:
There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。
Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.
很久很久以前,有一位国王,他非常喜欢马。
There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.
起火的时候,碰巧房间里面没有人。
2.Here/There/Now+vi.(常为come, go)+主语(必须是名词)
此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是"喂,注意了"。如:
Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming.玛丽来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。→I can hear the bell ringing.
Here comes the bus.汽车来了。
There he comes.他来了。
这种句型不能用现在进行时。
here句中也可用系动词。如:
Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for,or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。(我找了好久)
Here we are. This is the station.咱们到了,这就是火车站。
"Give me some paper." "Here you are.""给我点纸。" "给你。"
3.then引起谓语为 come,follow的句子。如:
Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。
4.out,in,up, down,away之类的副词作状语放在句首,主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词,谓语为不及物动词come, go,run ,rush,etc。句式为:副词+vi.+主语(必须是名词)。如:
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。
In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。
5.介词短语作状语放在句首,谓语为不及物动词,主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为:介词短语+vi.+主语(必须是名词)。如:
In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。
6.表语放在句首,表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为:表语+系动词+主语(必须是名词)。
Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.
老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。
South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。
7.直接引语中间或后面,表示某人说这意思的插入语(特别是谓语较短时)。
"They must be in the fields now," thought Xiao Lin."他们准是下地了。"小林想道。
"Help! Help!" cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道:"救命!救命!"
如果主语不比谓语长,或是它后面有宾语,主语就仍然多放在前面。
"Take your seats,gentlemen," Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道:"先生们坐好。"
考向二 部分倒装
只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要有:
1."only+副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句"开头的句子。如:
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。
注意:
1)在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
2)only修饰主语,不倒装。
2.否定词(短语)开头的句子要用部分倒装。
表示否定的副词never,nor,neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组by no means(决不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不),(在任何情况下都不)not until,not only...but also,no sooner...than=hardly...when/scarcely...
即"否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+其他"。如:
Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。
Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。
注意:
1)关联词的搭配。
2)前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装。
3.以so开头,用 "so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语"表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,意为"也,同样,也如此"。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用"neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语"。
Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了,人也变了。
注意:
1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合,或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法时,应用自然语序。意为 "的确,正是"。
—Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。
—So he does and so do you.的确如此,你也是。
2)倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。
If you don’t go,neither/nor shall I.(If you don’t go,I shall not go.)你不去,我也不去。
注意:表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用:It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。
She does well in English,but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.
她英语学得好,但数学学得差,露茜也是如此。
4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他。如:
Clever as he is,he doesn’t study well.
虽然他很聪明,但他学习不好。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得不少事情。
Much as I like it,I won’t buy it.
虽然我非常喜欢它,但我不买。
Try as she might, she failed.
虽然她试过了,但还是失败了。
注意:表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
5.在so...that从句中,如果so+adj./adv.放在句首,其主句要倒装。
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
他讲话声音足够大,以至于每个人都能听得见。
6.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should ,were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。
If it hadn’t been for their help,we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
=Hadn’t it been for their help,we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
要不是由于他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成那项工作。
If there should be a flood,what would we do?
=Should there be a flood,what would we do?
要是发了洪水,我们该怎么办呢?
7.频度副词及短语often,always,now and then ,many a time ,every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。
Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。
Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。
8.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。
May you succeed.祝你成功!
Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁!
学强调句
强调句知识结构:
强调句型的构成是:It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后,其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,可以由who代替that。
1. 被强调的成分举例:
原句:Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调主语:It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调宾语:It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.
强调地点状语:It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.
2. 强调句型的一般疑问式:
直接把is或was提到it之前即可。如:
Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式:
特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。如:
Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
4. that (who) 有时可以省略:
这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。如:
It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.
5. 强调原因状语从句要注意:
若从句由as或since引导,强调时则改为because,这是因为,because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈,符合强调句的目的。例如:
As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为:
It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.
6. 强调句的否定转移:
有些否定句在变成强调句时,要把否定转移到被强调的词语之前。尤其是not... until...;句式的强调要特别注意。例如:
He didn’t realize his mistake until the teacher had told him. 变为:
It wasn’t until the teacher had told him that he realized his mistake.
【注意】 在强调句式中,虽然not被提前,但not... until...句型不要倒装。
高考中强调句型考查热点
考向一 强调句型的基本结构
强调句型It is / was + 被强调的成份 + that + 其他成份;用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成份。that只起连接作用,不作成份,但不能省略。有时强调的部分比较特殊,如主语从句、状语从句、名词、不定式短语、V-ing的复合结构等。如:
It was in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天正是在图书馆见到她的。
考向二 特殊句式中的强调句型
1. 如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词,表示到底、究竟等语气时,就用如下结构:
特殊疑问词 + is / was + it + that + 该句的其余部分。如:
How is it that you usually go to work? 你通常是怎样去上班的?
2. 在强调not... until结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型:It + is / was + not until... + that + 该句的其余部分,that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
His father didn’t come back from work until 12o’clock. = It was not until 12 o’clock that his father came home form work.
直到12点他的爸爸才下班回家。
考向三 强调句型与时间状语从句、定语从句的判断
强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。试比较:
It was on March 1 that I had my hair cut. (强调句)
It was March 1 when I had my hair cut. (后面是定语从句)
判断是否是强调句,可采用还原法。如果还原为一般句式后,句子各种成份完整,则是强调句。否则不是。如第一句可还原成:I had my hair cut on March 1.
学祈使句
一、祈使句的句式特征
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地!
Put the boxes in the small room. 把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。
二、祈使句的肯定句式
祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:
1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。
Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。
2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。
Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。
3. Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。
Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。
三、祈使句的否定句式
祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型:
1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成"Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分"。
Don’t say that again! 别再那样说了!
2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成"Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)"。
Don’t be careless. 不要粗心。
注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。
3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。
4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用"No+名词/V-ing形式"结构,表示"禁止做某事"。
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!
四、祈使句的反意问句
祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式:
1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。
Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗?
Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?
2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?
3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其他均用will you。
Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走,好吗?
Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we? 晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?
五、祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是"形式一致",即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是"意思相反",即Yes是"不"的意思;No是"是"的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
—Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
—Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
六、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用
祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。
Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点,否则我们要迟到了。
七、祈使句与条件状语从句的连用
祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。
Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow. 如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。
八、祈使句的强调形式
祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。
Do shut up! 快住口!
九、特殊形式的祈使句
在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died. 如果你给那些小树多浇点水的话,它们就不会死了。
十、运用祈使句的误区
祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。
学反意疑问句
反义疑问句主要分以下各种情况:
反意疑问句由两部分构成:前一部分用陈述句形式,后一部分是一个附加在前一部分上的简短问句。陈述部分用肯定形式时,附加问句部分用否定形式,反之亦然。附加问句部分的动词形式及主语由陈述句决定,而且主语必须是代词。
1. 陈述部分的主语是名词时,附加问句的主语用相应的人称代词。
Your parents had a long talk with you last night, didn’t they?
2. 陈述部分主语是表示人的不定代词时,反意疑问句的主语侧重全部用they,侧重个体用he。
No one was there that day, was he/were they?
3. 陈述部分主语是表示物的不定代词时,反意疑问句的主语用it。
Everything that he says is true, isn’t it?
4. 陈述部分的主语是one时,反意疑问句的主语在正式的场合用one,在非正式场合用you。
One should be honest, shouldn’t one/you?
5. 陈述部分主语是指示代词时,反意疑问句的主语要用it或they。
This is your car, isn’t it?
Those are grapes, aren’t they?
6. 陈述部分是there be结构时,反意疑问句仍用there。
There was a hospital here, wasn’t there?
7. 陈述部分有表示推测的情态动词must时,反意疑问句的动词与must后的动词一致。
They must be sleeping then, weren’t they?
8. 陈述部分含有否定词时,反意疑问句用肯定式。
He is never late for school, is he?
They seldom clean the room, do they?
常见的否定词有no,never,nothing,nowhere,rarely,hardly,seldom,few,little等;若陈述部分有带否定意义词缀的派生词,如dislike,useless,unfair等,后面的附加问句仍用否定式。
9. 陈述部分是祈使句时,反意疑问句用will you或won’t you。
Look at the blackboard, will/won’t you?
Don’t make any noise, will you?
10. 陈述部分是并列句时,反意疑问句与邻近的分句一致。
She works hard and she is the best one in her factory, isn’t she?
11. 陈述部分是复合句时,反意疑问句与主句一致。
When the teacher speaks in class, we have to keep quiet, don’t we?
12. 陈述部分是否定转移句式时,反意疑问句与从句一致,且用肯定形式。
I don’t think he will come, will he?
学There be句型
一、不同时态的There be 结构
1. There will be thousands of football fans in London next month.
(一般将来时)下个月伦敦将有成千上万的球迷。
2. There is going to be a film in our school this weekend.
(一般将来时)我们学校这个周末有一场电影。
3. There is to be a concert at the Albert Hall tonight. It is to be broadcast live.
(一般将来时)今晚在阿尔伯特会堂举行音乐会,将要进行实况转播。
4. There have been a lot of accidents round here.
(现在完成时)这里出过许多事故。
5. There has been some awful weather lately, hasn’t there?
(现在完成时)最近天气有时很糟糕,不是吗?
6. He told me that there had been an argument between them.
(过去完成时)他告诉我他们之间有过一场辩论。
7. There will have been a definite result before Friday.
(将来完成时)星期五以前将肯定会有结果。
二、含有情态动词的There be 结构
1. There would be fewer accidents if drivers took care.司机如果小心开车就会少出事故。
2. He felt that there must be something wrong with the car.他当时感觉车肯定出毛病了。
3. There may quite well be another demonstration tonight.今晚也许又有一场示威。
4. Why do there have to be poor people like those?为什么有像那样的一些穷人呢?
5. There used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这儿有家电影院。
6. There must have been a rain last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为地面湿着呢。
三、There be 结构经常和appear, seem, need, chance, happen, prove 等动词搭配
1. There appears to be little enthusiasm for your idea.
人们好像对你的想法不大热心。
2. There seems to be something wrong with this computer.
这台电脑好像出毛病了。
3. There doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty over the money question. 好像没有钱的困难。
4. There appear to have been some nasty accidents.
似乎已发生了几起严重事故。
5. There needs to be a system set up to judge the quality of the English language training.
需要建立一套系统来评判英语培训的质量。
四、There be 结构也和be sure, be supposed, be said, be known 等短语搭配
1. There is sure to be a place where we can find a restaurant.
肯定有我们能找到饭店的地方。
2. There are supposed to be wild animals in the hills.
这山里应该有野生动物。
3. There is said to be a secret tunnel beneath the building.
据说这幢大楼下面有一条秘密通道。
4. There are known to be thousands of snakes on the island.
据了解,那座岛上有成千上万条蛇。
五、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式
There be句型也可以以不定式(there to be)、动名词(there being)和现在分词(there being)的形式出现在句子中,在句中作主语、宾语或状语。
1. I expect there to be no argument about this.
(不定式短语作动词expect的宾语)我期望关于这件事不要争了。
2. I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.(不定式短语作动词prefer的宾语)我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。
3. I don’t want there to be any doubt about this. (不定式短语作动词want的宾语)我不希望对此有任何怀疑。
4. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem?
(不定式短语作动词like的宾语)你想要开会讨论这个问题吗?
5. If you don’t mind there being so much noise around, you are quite welcome to stay.
(动名词短语作动词mind的宾语)你如果不介意周围这么大噪音的话,欢迎你留下。
6. What’s the chance of there being an election this year?
(动名词短语作介词of 的宾语)今年举行选举的可能性有多大?
7. There being nothing else to do, we went home.
(现在分词短语作原因状语)因为没事其他事可做,我们就回家了。
8. They closed the door, there being no customers.
(现在分词短语作原因状语) 他们的店关门了,因为没有顾客。
六、There be结构中的be用其他动词来代替
为了表达生动,在正式文体或文学作品中,可用表示状态、发生、位置转移等意义的其他动词来代替动词be。常这样用的动词有:live,lie,stand,remain,exist,occur,arise,rise,follow,come,enter,reach等。
There exist many ancient temples of this kind on the shores of the Mediterranean. 在地中海沿岸地带,有许多这样的古庙。
Not long after this, there rose a sudden revolution. 此后不久,突然爆发了一场革命。
Suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black. 突然进来一个穿着一身黑的陌生人。
There goes the bus.公交车来了。
On the hill (there) stands a house.山上有个房子。
七.There be句型需要掌握的重点句型
1.There is no doubt/question that- 毫无疑问……
There is no question of doing sth. :①……是毫无疑问的②……是不可能的。
There is no question that it is true.
There is no doubt that they can get the machine working very soon.
2. There is no + doing:不可能……;无法……;没有办法……
There is no joking about it.这事开不得玩笑。
There is no telling what will happen.无法预料会发生什么。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。
3. There is no + 名词+ in doing : …是没有意义的/无用的
There is no point in doing sth. ……是没有意义的
There is no sense in doing sth. ……没有理由/没有好处;
There is no use/good in doing sth…没有好处
There is no harm in doing sth…没有害处
There is no point in arguing with him further.进一步和他争论是没有意义的。
There is no harm in doing sth.=it does no harm (for sb.) to do sth.
练特殊句式
一、单项选择
1.Only very rarely ________ attack larger mammals.
A.will it be B.it will C.will it D.it will be
2.It was the trip to Tibet three years ago________completely changed his attitude towards life.
A.that B.when C.who D.how
3.We could have some tests to see what, ________, is wrong, and see whether we can do something to fix it.
A.when necessary B.though enough
C.if anything D.as possible
4.She suggested not only ________to the English party but also sing a song in English.
A.did I go B.should I go C.I should go D.my going
5.Tom disagrees to this plan,________does his sister.
A.so B.and C.nor D.as
6.Look! From opposite the street ________,screaming in panic.
A.comes two kids B.two kids are coming
C.come two kids D.do two kids come
7.--- ________bargaining is always such great fun?
---Usually people consider it a test to see who can stand their ground longer.
A.What is it that B.Why is it that C.What it is that D.Why it is that
8.In the afternoon, we delivered a lecture to the students there. Not only ________ we give them tips on how to choose proper books for themselves, but also guided them on how to read different kinds of books. (用适当的词填空)
练短文语法填空
Text 1
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On May 9, James Givens was sitting in the car when he heard what ____1____ (sound) like a knock. He turned around only ____2____ (find) a goose pecking at the car door, which was highly unusual seen. He knew that the birds ____3____ (normal) preferred to observe humans from a distance.
But on this day, the goose appeared to be determined to get his attention and did not stop pecking ____4____ Givens opened the car door and stepped out. Although ____5____ (force) to walk away a little out of fear, the bird kept turning around to make sure that he was following. When they finally stopped, Givens realized ____6____ the mother goose did so — she needed help to free her baby goose that had got ____7____ (trap) in some balloon string.
Worried that the mother goose would attack him if he got close ____8____ the baby, Civens called the local chapter of Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Unfortunately, they were unable to help right away. Mainly ____9____ (take) into consideration that the baby goose would not survive the delay, Givens decided to take on the task himself.
The mother goose watched patiently as Givens saved the little bird. As soon as the little goose was free, it ran to its mom. Givens said this was the most _____10_____ (forget) incident in his life!
Text 2
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Sanxingdui Ruins site in Sichuan province is generally considered one of the most important archaeological (考古的) sites ___11___ the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Six pits (坑) were newly discovered in the site.
“Thanks to the new discoveries, we've ___12___ (basic) figured out the layout of the sacrificial (祭祀的)zone of it.” said Lei Yu, a researcher at the Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeology Research Institute, ___13___ heads the ongoing excavation.
The about 12-square-kilometer site was discovered in 1929, and major breakthroughs were made in 1986 with the discovery of two pits ___14___ (believe) to be for sacrificial ceremonies. The pits were accidentally uncovered by local farmers ___15___(dig) up earth to make bricks.
Lei pointed out that there were many ___16___(similar) among the recently discovered pits and the two found in 1986. The recent discoveries ___17___(far) confirm the theory ___18___ the pits were used for sacrificial purposes, as many of the items found ___19___(burn) and smashed (破碎) before being buried. Nevertheless, some new types of artifacts have been unearthed. For example. in the No. 3 pit, archaeologists found two square zun jars, a typical ancient Chinese bronze ritual vessel (礼器) for holding water or wine. Such artifacts were not found in 1986. In the No. 6 pit, a 1.5-meter-long wooden box covered in cinnabar (朱砂) has brought a new mystery. Now a
plan to open it _____20_____ (draft).
Text 3
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The highest point on Earth has a ___21___(new) announced height. Mount Everest is 29,031. 69 feet above sea level, according to survey results presented today. That is more than two feet higher ___22___the altitude previously recognized by the government of Nepal.
The height, ___23___ was announced on December 8 in a joint ___24___(state) by the Survey Department of Nepal and Chinese authorities, is the result of a multiyear project to measure the mountain. As the first serious survey of Everest in 16 years, the effort has been closely followed by the geographic community—particularly scientists analyzing how a devastating 7. 8 magnitude earthquake in 2015 ___25___(affect) the region.
Last spring a small group of Nepalese surveyors and guides experienced the ___26___(bite) wind of a nighttime climbing, reaching the top at 3 a. m. local time.
“We long ___27___(deliver) the message that we can do something with our own resources and ___28___(technique) manpower,” Khimlal Gautam, chief survey officer for the project, told National Geographic last year.
In 1856, mathematician Radhanath Sickdhar found that Everest was the ___29___ (high) mountain in the world while he was working for the Great Trigonometrical Survey, a project devoted to surveying and mapping the Indian subcontinent. Since then, a handful ____30____ surveys have sought to pin down the mountain's true height with the best technology available at the time.
Text 4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Skiing
Skiing is an extremely popular sport that is enjoyed worldwide. The oldest and most accurately documented evidence of skiing origin is found in modern day Norway and Sweden. ____31____ word “ski” comes from the Old Norse word “skie”, ____32____ (mean) split (劈开的) pieces of wood or firewood.
Skiing has evolved into two major different types: Alpine skiing and Nordic skiing. Alpine skiing, also ___33___ (refer) to as downhill skiing, perhaps is the most popular form of skiing. It originated in the European Alps, and is characterized by fixed-heel bindings (捆绑物) that attach at both the front and the heel (脚后跟) of the ____34____(skier) boot. The boots are reinforced plastic that ____35____ (steady) hold the foot to the ski, and ski poles are used. Downhill skis vary ____36____ length and shape depending on the height of the player and the type of snow they will be skiing.
Nordic skiing, also known as “cross country” skiing, ____37____ (involve) skiing over flat ground. Most Nordic country skis are long and thin, allowing the weight of the skier ____38____ (distribute) quickly. Cross country skiers use poles to drive ____39____ (they) forward. Cross country boots are attached to the ski at the toe with a binding, ______40______ the heel remains free.
练特殊句式
一、单项选择
1.【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:它攻击更大的哺乳动物的可能性很小。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查only+状语位于句首时,句子谓语要用部分倒装结构。根据选项可知,谓语中含有情态动词will,主语“it”和谓语动词“attack” 是主动关系,所以可以直接将will提到主语前面,构成部分倒装结构。故选C。
2.【答案】A
【解析】考查强调句型。句意:正是3年前去西藏的那次旅行完全改变了他对生活的态度。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。如果把句子中的“It was”和空格处要填的连词去掉,剩余的部分“the trip to Tibet three years ago completely changed his attitude towards life.”正好是一个完整的句子,而且原句话中含有“正是,就是”的意思,有强调的语气,所以是强调句型。句子中被强调的部分“ the trip to Tibet three years ago”是指事情,不是指人,所以用that即可。故选A。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查省略的状语从句语义辨析。句意:我们可以做一些测试,看看有什么问题,如果有的话,看看我们是否可以做些什么来修复它。A. when necessary必要时;B. though enough如果足够;C. if anything如果有的话;D. as possible尽可能。根据前文“We could have some tests to see what”以及后文“see whether we can do something to fix it”可知,如果有什么问题的话,就需要采取措施进行修复。故填C项。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气和部分倒装。句意:她建议我不仅要去参加英语晚会,还要唱首英文歌曲。根据句子里的“suggested…but also sing”的结构可知,首先要考虑suggest后面是宾语从句。根据句子意思可知,这里的suggest要翻译成“建议”的意思,所以,后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词要用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。所以,陈述句的时候空格上应该填I should go。但是,在空格前面有not only,和后面的but also构成固定搭配的并列连词结构,当not only位于句首时,它后面的这个小分句要部分倒装,即把谓语动词里的助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语前面。根据虚拟句的要求,这个小分句的谓语动词是“(should)+动词原形”的结构,有情态动词should,所以倒装的时候直接把should提到主语前面即可。故选B项。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查倒装。句意:Tom不同意这个计划,他的姐姐也是。so +助动词+主语,表示“……也是”,nor+助动词+sb,表示“……也不是”,之所以选so 不选 nor 是因为这里的disagree,虽然是表示否定意义的单词,但是句子整体不构成否定句,叫做“前缀不构成否定”,所以前半句是表示肯定意义的句子。故选A项。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查倒装句。句意:看! 街对面来了两个孩子,惊恐地尖叫着。根据空前From opposite the street可知,强调介词短语,并将其提前时,句子应使用全部倒装。由于主语two kids为可数名词复数,其后谓语动词用原形。故选C项。
7.【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。句意:——为什么讨价还价总是如此有趣呢?——通常人们认为这是一个考验,看看谁能更长时间地坚持自己的立场。此处是强调句型的特殊问句,应该用“特殊疑问词+ is/was + it that...”,答句给出了答疑,句中应询问原因,故用疑问词why,故选B项。
8.【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒装。句意:我们不仅教他们如何为自己选择合适的书,而且还指导他们如何阅读不同种类的书。“not only”置于句首,用部分装结构;根据“but also guided them”可知,此处为一般过去时,所以空格处也要用一般过去时;该处谓语动词是“give”,所以用助动词do/did/does。故填did。
练短文语法填空
练短文语法填空
Text 1
【答案】1.sounded 2.to find 3.normally 4.until/till 5.forced
6.why 7.trapped 8.to 9.taking 10.unforgettable
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了James Givens遇到鹅妈妈的求救,帮助鹅妈妈解救被气球线困住的鹅宝宝的故事。
1.考查动词时态。句意:5月9日,James Givens正坐在车里,突然听到像是敲门声。根据时间状语On May 9可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,根据句意可知,用一般过在时,从句中的谓语动词sound应用过去式。故填sounded。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:他转过身来,发现一只鹅在啄车门,这是非常不寻常的。根据句意以及空格前的only可知,此处应用动词不定式作状语,only to find表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。
3.考查副词。句意:他知道这些鸟通常喜欢从远处观察人类。修饰动词preferred应用normal的副词形式。故填normally。
4.考查连词。句意:但在这一天,这只母鹅似乎下定决心要引起他的注意,它一直不停地啄(车门),直到Givens打开车门走出来才停止。根据句意可知,此处表达“某动作一直持续到某个时刻(才)……”,连词until或till“(用于否定句)直到……才”,符合句意。故填until/till。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管由于害怕,这只鸟被迫走开了一点,但它还是不停地转过身来,以确保自己跟上了。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词force和主语the bird之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词,作状语;用于连词Although之后,相当于it was forced,(此处it was可省略)。故填forced。
6.考查宾语从句引导词。句意:当他们终于停下来时,Givens意识到鹅妈妈为什么这样做了——她需要帮助来解救被气球线困住的鹅宝宝。分析句子可知,空格处引导宾语从句,根据后文“she needed help to free her baby goose…”可知,连接副词why引导从句,表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,符合句意。故填why。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他们终于停下来时,Givens意识到鹅妈妈为什么这样做了——她需要帮助来解救被气球线困住的鹅宝宝。定语从句引导词that指代先行词her baby goose,在从句中作主语,动词trap和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be/get done),“get done”是被动语态的另一表达形式,符合句意。故填trapped。
8.考查介词。句意:Givens担心,如果他靠近小鹅,母鹅会攻击他,于是他给防止虐待动物协会当地分会打了电话。get close to“靠近”是固定搭配,符合句意。故填to。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:主要是考虑到小鹅无法在拖延中存活下来,Givens决定亲自承担这项任务。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词短语take into consideration和主语Givens之间是主动关系,故用其现在分词作状语,表原因。故填taking。
10.考查形容词。句意:Givens说这是他一生中最难忘的事件!形容词修饰名词,根据句意以及空格后的名词incident可知,此处应用forget的形容词的反义词unforgettable“难忘的”,修饰名词,符合句意,逻辑合理。故填unforgettable。
Text 2
【答案】11.along/near 12.basically 13.who 14.believed 15.digging
16.similarities 17.further 18.that 19.had been burnt/ had been burned 20.is being drafted
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了考古队对四川省的三星堆遗址考古的进展情况。
11.考查介词。句意:四川省的三星堆遗址被公认为是沿长江上游流域最重要的考古遗址之一。根据句意可知,此处意为“沿着”长江上游流域,或者长江上游流域“附近”;“沿着”用along表示,“在……附近”用near表示。故填along或near。
12.考查副词。句意:多亏了最新的发现,我们已经基本弄清了它的祭祀区的布局。分析句子成分可知,设空处用于修饰句子的谓语动词figured out,修饰动词用副词,提示词basic是形容词,意为“基本的”,它的副词形式是basically。故填basically。
13.考查定语从句。句意:(雷雨是)四川省文物考古研究院研究员,他负责正在进行的发掘工作。分析句子成分可知,heads作谓语,the ongoing excavation作宾语,所以设空处是主语;根据句意可知,设空处用于指代前文的名词“Lei Yu”,而且设空前有逗号,这是一个非限定性定语从句,所以设空处要填关系代词;在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词指代人,作主语,只能用who。故填who。
14.考查非谓语动词。句意:这个约12平方公里的遗址于1929年被发现,并在1986年取得重大突破,发现了两个被人们相信是用于祭祀仪式的坑。分析句子成分可知,设空处是一个“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,其中the discovery of two pits作介词with的宾语,设空处作宾补;提示词believe是动词,意为“相信”,在这个复合结构中,要用非谓语动词形式作宾补;根据句意可知,设空处与the discovery of two pits构成被动关系,被动关系用非谓语动词形式中的过去分词表示;believe的过去分词形式是believed。故填believed。
15.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些坑是当地农民挖土制砖时意外发现的。分析句子成分可知,设空所在句中The pits作主语,were uncovered作谓语,句中没有连词,所以这是一个简单句,只需要一个谓语动词;提示词dig是动词,意为“挖”,只能在此处作非谓语动词;分析句意可知,dig与其逻辑主语farmers构成主动关系,主动关系用非谓语动词形式中的现在分词表示,dig的现在分词形式是digging。故填digging。
16.考查名词。句意:雷雨指出,最近发现的坑和1986年发现的两个坑有很多相似之处。根据句意可知此处意为“相似之处”,所以要用名词;设空前有形容词many,用于修饰可数名词复数,可知设空处应用名词复数形式;提示词similar是形容词,意为“相似的”,名词形式为similarity,意为“相似之处”,是可数名词,其复数形式为similarities。故填similarities。
17.考查副词比较级。句意:最近的发现更进一步证实了这些坑被用来祭祀的理论,因为发现的许多物品在被埋之前都已经被烧毁和砸碎了。根据句意可知,设空处意为“更进一步”,用副词比较级,修饰动词confirm,作状语;far的比较级有两种形式,farther和further;farther指具体距离或深度的“更进一步”;further指抽象概念上或程度上“更进一步”;结合句意可知,此处描述的是程度上的“更进一步”,要用further。故填further。
18.考查同位语从句。句意:最近的发现更进一步证实了这些坑被用来祭祀的理论。分析句意可知,设空处后的“the pits were used for sacrificial purposes(这些坑被用来祭祀)”,用于描述抽象名词theory的具体内容,这是一个同位语从句,且该句中不缺句子成分,所以用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
19.考查时态及语态。句意:最近的发现更进一步证实了这些坑被用来祭祀的理论,因为发现的许多物品在被埋之前都已经被烧毁和砸碎了。分析句子成分可知,根据上文的“The recent discoveries(近期的发现)”可知,发现这些物品发生在过去,而这些物品在被发现之前就已经被烧毁和砸碎,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时的被动语态;提示词 burn的过去分词形式用burnt或burned。故填had been burnt或had been burned。
20.考查时态及语态。句意:现在一项打开它的计划正在被起草中。根据句意以及句中的now可知,此处应用现在进行时;“计划”只能“被起草”,所以此处要用被动语态;主语a plan是第三人称单数,所以此处be的形式用is,提示词draft是动词,意为“起草”,过去分词形式是drafted。故填is being drafted。
Text 3
【答案】21.newly 22.than 23.which 24.statement 25.affected
26.biting 27.to deliver 28.technical 29.highest 30.of
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球上的最高点有了新公布的海拔高度。根据今天公布的调查结果,珠穆朗玛峰海拔29,031.69英尺,比尼泊尔政府之前承认的海拔高了两英尺多。
21.考查副词。句意:地球上的最高点有一个新公布的高度。根据今天公布的调查结果,珠穆朗玛峰海拔为29031.69英尺。修饰动词的过去分词announced应用副词。故填newly。
22.考查介词。句意:这比尼泊尔政府之前承认的海拔高了两英尺多。根据空格前的比较级higher可知,此处应用介词than,意为“比......”。故填than。
23.考查定语从句引导词。句意:尼泊尔测量部和中国当局于12月8日在一份联合声明中宣布了这一高度,这是一个多年来测量这座山的项目的结果。分析句子可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为The height,关系代词which引导从句,在从句中作主语,指事物。故填which。
24.考查名词。句意:尼泊尔测量部和中国当局于12月8日在一份联合声明中宣布了这一高度,这是一个多年来测量这座山的项目的结果。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知,此处应用state的名词单数形式statement作介词in的宾语。故填statement。
25.考查时态。句意:作为16年来对珠穆朗玛峰的首次严肃调查,这项工作受到了地理学界的密切关注,特别是科学家们,他们分析了2015年的7.8级灾难性地震对该地区的影响。根据时间状语in 2015可知,此处应用动词affect的过去式作名词性从句中的谓语。故填affected。
26.考查现在分词转化的形容词。句意:去年春天,一小队尼泊尔测察员和向导经历了夜间攀登的刺骨寒风,在当地时间凌晨3点到达山顶。根据空格后的名词wind可知,此处应用bite的现在分词所转化的形容词biting“刺骨的”作定语修饰名词。故填biting。
27.考查动词不定式。句意:“我们渴望传达这样的信息,即我们可以用自己的资源和技术人力做一些事情,”该项目的首席调查官Khimlal Gautam去年告诉《国家地理》杂志。long to do sth“渴望干某事”是固定短语,用不定式作宾语。故填to deliver。
28.考查形容词。句意:“我们渴望传达这样的信息,即我们可以用自己的资源和技术人力做一些事情,”该项目的首席调查官Khimlal Gautam去年告诉《国家地理》杂志。根据空格后名词manpower可知,此处应用technique的形容词作定语修饰名词。故填technical。
29.考查最高级。句意:1856年,数学家Radhanath Sickdhar发现珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰,当时他正在为大三角测量所工作,这是一个致力于测绘印度次大陆的项目。根据句意和空格前的定冠词the和后文的in the world可知,此处应用high的最高级修饰名词mountain。故填highest。
30.考查介词。句意:从那以后,有几次调查试图用当时最先进的技术确定这座山的真实高度。a handful of“一把;几个;一小撮”是固定短语,符合句意。故填of。
Text 4
【答案】31.the 32.meaning 33.referred 34.skier’s 35.steadily
36.in 37.involves 38.to be distributed 39.themselves 40.but/while
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项在全世界都很受欢迎的运动——滑雪,介绍了它的历史以及类型特点等。
31.考查冠词。句意:“ski”这个词来自古斯堪的纳维亚语“skie”,意思是劈开的木头或木柴。空格后名词word特指“ski”这个单词,应用定冠词the限定。故填The。
32.考查非谓语动词。句意:“ski”这个词来自古Norse语“skie”,意思是劈开的木头或木柴。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词mean和主语“ski”之间是主动关系,应用其现在分词作状语。故填meaning。
33.考查非谓语动词。句意:高山滑雪,也称为下坡滑雪,也许是最流行的滑雪形式。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语,动词短语refer (…) to和所修饰的名词Alpine skiing之间是被动关系,应用其过去分词作定语,相当于非限制性定语从句which is referred to。故填referred。
34.考查名词所有格。句意:它起源于欧洲的阿尔卑斯山脉,其特点是固定脚跟,附着在滑雪者的靴前和后跟。根据句意可知,空格后名词boot和名词skier是所属关系,且特指skier这类人,故用其单数形式的所有格。故填skier’s。
35.考查副词。句意:这种靴子是用增强塑料制成的,可以稳定地将脚固定在雪板上,并且使用滑雪杖。修饰动词hold要用副词。故填steadily。
36.考查介词。句意:下坡滑雪板在长度和形状方面的变化取决于运动员的高度和他们要滑雪的雪的类型。vary in“在……方面变化;在……方面有差异”是固定短语,符合句意。故填in。
37.考查时态。句意:北欧滑雪,也被称为“越野滑雪”,包括在平坦的地面上滑雪。此处描述一般客观事实,用一般现在时,分析句子可知,空格处为谓语,主语Nordic skiing是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数。故填involves。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意:大多数北欧国家的滑雪板又长又薄,这使得滑雪者的重量可以迅速分配。allow sb./sth. to do sth.“允许某人干某事”是动词习惯用法,动词不定式作宾补,及物动词distribute“分配;分散”和所修饰的名词短语the weight of the skier之间是被动关系,故用其不定式的被动式作宾补。故填to be distributed。
39.考查代词。句意:越野滑雪者用滑雪杆推动自己前进。动词drive的动作对象就是主语Cross country skiers自身,应用they的反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
40.考查连词。句意:越野靴的脚趾被绑在雪板上,而脚后跟保持自由。后文the heel remains free和前文Cross country boots are attached to the ski at the toe with a binding之间存在转折和对比的关系,所以可以用but或while连接。故填but或while。
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