2023届高考英语二轮复习：七选五说明类专练（含答案）

专题八 七选五说明类专练

考点01：上下文语境

考点02：主题句关键词

考点03：七选五说明文专练

1. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Cayce Zavaglia is an artist with a unique transformation to her work. ①________ Painting with tiny needles is not as fast as painting with a brush. ②________ It takes two months-nearly 200 hours to complete a portrait.

③________ Once she decides, she invites that person to her studio and takes hundreds of photographs. She studies the way the light falls across the person's face. After many hours of studying the photos, she chooses the perfect one for her portrait. Next, she enlarges the photo on a canvas(画布). Then, she matches the colors in the photo and the stitching begins.

Cayce starts with the hair and forehead, then moves on to the shoulders and clothing, and finally the face. The human face is what she most enjoys creating in her art. ④________ In a portrait of her baby daughter, the skin appears soft and smooth. In a portrait of her dad, the stitches show a wrinkled and aging face.

Cayce believes her success depends on three things: her choice of colors, the length and direction of the stitches, and her ability to make the portrait look true. She loves the surprise when people view her art. From a distance, people believe the portraits are painted. ⑤________

A. She makes sure the person looks straight into her.

B. The biggest challenge is making the skin look real.

C. Instead of painting with a brush,she sews with a needle.

D. Cayce's first step is deciding who will be in the portrait.

E. She loves creating portraits of her family and close friends.

F. It requires a lot of patience, for you often have to rethread your needle.

G. But when they take a closer look, they see the portrait has been embroidered.

2. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Delton Myers is a Grade 5 student. He published a book about childhood depression(抑郁) called "The Invisible Injury". A person who is depressed is extremely sad and doesn't know how to stop the sadness.

    "I want to talk about children's feelings," Delton said. "Sometimes kids show off in class, but there may be an unknown reason. ①_______ They need someone to talk to, but they don't know how. During family tragedies(悲剧) or hard times, parents often tell kids to be quiet about them." He added, "We need to let kids know it's OK to talk about their feelings and that they can get help."

    ②_______ Peggie meets many of life's challenges that kids and adults face. Peggie, 8 years old, finds a healthy way to express her feelings and deal with her problems.

    ③_______ Delton's mom, Deidre, said when he wrote about Peggie's feelings in the book, he was also writing about himself. "Delton and I talk a lot," she said. "④_______. For example, during family tragedies, most parents tell kids not to tell others. Kids always do so." She said her son's book sent a strong message for parents and kids. Now, the book is on sale on Amazon, for $10.99.

    One character in the book, C. Howard, is based on Delton's doctor, Christalyn Howard. She will accompany(陪伴) Delton on his book tour, which will start next month. ⑤_______ She offers to talk with parents and children about the signs of depression in children during media interviews.

A. Delton based the book on his own life.

B. Kids don't know about getting help from others.

C. The book focuses on a young pig named Peggie.

D. There are many different kinds of family tragedies.

E. He had experienced family tragedies one after one.

F. She will also accompany him during media interviews.

G. They are acting out because something else is going on.

3. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Video calls are a common occurrence, but have you imagined being able to touch the person on the other end of the line? Scientists are making this a reality.

    Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic device that can recreate the sense of touch. ①______. It is similar to what is felt in the real world, through force, vibration or motion.

    Vibration is the most common haptic technology today and has been built into many electronic devices. ②______. The existing technology also has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or located remotely, according to Mai Thanh Thai, lead author of the study.

    ③______. The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial "muscles". It works like this: Imagine you are at home and you call your friend who is in Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a glove with integrated 3D force sensors. If your friend picks up an object, it will physically press against your friend's fingers. ④______ The force signals can be sent to your glove so your device will generate the same 3D forces, making you experience the same sense of touch as your friend.

    The haptic devices could allow users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially beneficial during such times like the COVID-19 pandemic when people rely on video calls to stay connected with loved ones. ​⑤______. Doctors can feel a patient's organ tissues with surgical tools without touching them.

A. The new technology overcomes issues with existing haptic devices

B. Haptic technology mimics the experience of touch by stimulating localized areas of the skin

C. However, haptic feedback with vibration becomes less sensitive when used continuously

D. And their glove with 3D force sensors will measure these interactions

E. Or it could be used in medical practices

F. The haptic glove with the SSDs can receive sensors from your friends

G. When emergency happens, people can even keep contact with friends and family members

4. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Many people travel to enrich and enjoy themselves. As a Persian writer said:"Travel brings power and love back into your life." However, their travel methods may be different each year. ①________. Let's take a look.

    Traveling alone

    Traditionally, travel seems to be a group activity to have fun together and avoid loneliness. But traveling alone has become popular, especially among young people.

    Traveling on your own means that you are the boss of everything, choosing wherever you want to go, whatever you eat and whenever you go out. For some people, it also offers a chance to find themselves a more confident person that is ready to deal with anything. ②________. "You have to face new things and it pushes you out of your comfort zone," a traveler from the US, told Travel Pulse.

    Virtual(虚拟的)reality

    World travel can be expensive. But virtual reality, or VR is giving more possibilities to travel for little cost. With ever-improving headsets(头戴式视读器), smartphones and Wi-Fi connections, people can have a 360-degree experience of museums, theme parks and historical places. ③________ or view a sea horse giving birth to babies before their eyes in a museum with just a headset on.

    ④________

    There are always some "must-see" places anywhere you travel. But traveling in such places always brings problems like overcrowding and noise. In order to have a better travel experience, many tend to visit less famous places. With less transportation and fewer things to do, hitting up a little town gets people to slow down and notice the little things. ​⑤________.

A. You may find out that you are likely to become a boss in the future

B. But traveling in a completely foreign land alone can be challenging

C. Here are some top choices for this year

D. Slowing down to enjoy the trip

E. Getting off the crowded path

F. Take a walk, ride a bike, drink coffee and explore the natural scenery

G. With these technologies, visitors can experience the surface of Mars

5. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back. ①_______

    To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding.

    ②_______ Friends must be able to trust one another. If you do not tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest, you may lose the friend's trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly.

    Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. ③_______

    Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and helping with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. ④_______ Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better.

    No two friendships are ever exactly alike. ​⑤_______ If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding.

A. You should believe your friends forever.

B. Honesty is where a good friendship starts.

C. That is why some friendship doesn't last long.

D. Because it is hard to make friends with each other.

E. By sharing them, you help your friend know better.

F. But all true friendships have three things in common.

G. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.

6. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Will there be an outbreak of bird flu that threatens humans? Many experts disagree on when or whether a human pandemic(大流行病) will occur, but do say there is a chance that the virus could mutate(变异), leading to widespread infection. ①_____ Here's what you need to know to help keep yourself healthy.

    Stock up on food, water and household supplies. If there is a bird flu pandemic, you'll want to minimize your chance of catching it by staying indoors; you might even be required to stay home if the government asks that people remain in quarantine(隔离期). You'd better stock up today on at least 2-week worth of essentials such as water, food, emergency and medical supplies. ②_____

    Have an outbreak plan. It may feel odd or uncomfortable to talk to family members and loved ones about the worst-case pandemic scenario(预测). But if that scenario strikes, you'll all be much better off if you have a plan decided on and ready. ③_____ Figure out how you would care for them and what your first response and responsibilities would be; this is an especially important conversation with those with special care needs.

    ④_____ Things like keeping a balanced diet, exercising regularly and getting sufficient rest can help keep you healthy in an outbreak and also keep you from catching the common cold. Particularly in a flu outbreak situation, it will be important to wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Be diligent about covering coughs and sneezes with tissues.

    Moreover, know your essential health information such as your blood type, allergies, and past or current medical conditions. Make a list of that essential information for all the members of your family. ⑤_____ And do make sure everyone in your household knows where to find it.

A.Work out regularly to stay slim.

B.Pick up the habits of healthy behavior.

C.It is wise to keep it somewhere safe and visible.

D.It's important to ask yourself these questions before a pandemic occurs.

E.Talk with your friends and family about how you'd respond to an epidemic.

F.In that case, the best thing you can do right now is to prepare for that possibility.

G.That will help you get through an extended time at home if an outbreak happens.

答案以及解析

1.答案：CFDBG

解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位用针作画的艺术家Cayce Zavaglia,包括她作画的方式,对自己画的看法,以及人们对画的感觉。

【1题详解】根据上文"Cayce Zavaglia is an artist with a unique transformation to her work.(Cayce Zavaglia是一位艺术家,她的作品有着独特的变化)"和下文"Painting with tiny needles is not as fast as painting with a brush(用细针作画不如用刷子作画快) "可知,上文提到了Cayce Zavaglia作画的改变,下文则说用针作画比较慢。由此可知,Cayce Zavaglia的改变是用针作画。C项"她不是用刷子画画,而是用针"符合文意,needle是关键词。故选C。

【2题详解】根据上文"Painting with tiny needles is not as fast as painting with a brush(用细针作画不如用刷子作画快)"和下文"It takes two months-nearly 200 hours to complete a portrait.(完成一幅肖像画需要两个月——近200个小时) "可知,用针作画需要花大量时间。由此推知,空处承接上文,解释为什么用针作画很慢。F项"这需要很大的耐心,因为你经常要重新穿针"符合文意,下文是对空处内容的进一步说明。故选F。

【3题详解】根据下文"Once she decides,she invites that person to her studio and takes hundreds of photographs.(一旦她决定了,她会邀请那个人到她的工作室,拍上数百张照片)"结合倒数一二段提到的作画步骤推知,设空处应陈述Cayce作画的第一步——决定画谁。D项"Cayce的第一步是决定谁将出现在画像中 "符合文意,选项中的deciding呼应下文的decides。故选D。

【4题详解】根据上文"Cayce starts with the hair and forehead, then moves on to the shoulders and clothing, and finally the face. The human face is what she most enjoys creating in her art.(Cayce从头发和前额开始,然后是肩膀和衣服,最后是脸。在她的艺术中,人的脸是她最喜欢创造的) "和下文"In a portrait of her baby daughter, the skin appears soft and smooth. In a portrait of her dad, the stitches show a wrinkled and aging face.(在她的小女儿的肖像中,皮肤显得柔软光滑。在她父亲的肖像中,缝线显示出皱纹和衰老的脸)"可知,上文提到了Cayce创作的部位,下文则提到不同的肖像皮肤有不同的表现形式。由此推知,空处应陈述皮肤在创作中具有挑战性。B项 "最大的挑战是让皮肤看起来真实"符合文意,skin是关键词,下文是对空处内容的举例说明。故选B。

【5题详解】根据上文"From a distance, people believe the portraits are painted.(从远处看,人们认为画像是画的)"可知,上文描述了人们从远处看画的感觉,由此推知,空处承接上文,描述人们从近处看画的感觉。G项"但是当他们仔细看的时候,他们看到画像是绣出来的"符合文意,选项中的closer对应上文的from a distance,且they指代上文的people。故选G。

2.答案：①-⑤ GCABF

解析：这是一篇说明文。五年级学生​Delton Myers刨作并出版了一本关于儿童抑郁的书,希望能帮助受此困扰的孩子。

1.根据上文"Sometimes kids show off in class, but there may be an unknown reason."(有时候孩子们会在课堂上炫耀,但是可能有未知的原因。)谈论了孩子们在课堂上炫耀是有一些原因的。下文"They need someone to talk to. but they don' t know how."(他们需要找个人谈谈,但他们不知道怎么谈。)讲述了孩子们炫耀的目的。由此可知,空白处可以论述,他们在课堂上炫耀自己只是在表演,因为有一些(不好的)事情正在发生。选项G与文意相符。故选G。

2.根据下文"Peggie meets many of life' s challenges that kids and adults face:"(佩吉遇到了许多孩子和成年人面临的生活挑战。)讲述了发生在佩吉身上的事。所以可知空白处应该是引出佩吉这个角色。选项C. The book focuses on a young pig named Peggie:"(这本书是关于一只名叫佩吉的小猪的)引出了下文提到的佩吉,符合题意。故选C。

3.根据下文 "Delton's mom, Deidre, said when he wrote about Peggie's feelings in the book, he was also writing about himself.( Delton Myers的母亲 Deidre说, Delton Myers在书中写佩吉的感受,也是在写他自己。)可知, Delton Myers写的书中的角色有着和他一样的经历。选项A" Delton based the book on his own life"( Delton的这本书是以自己的生活为基础写的。)符合题意。故选A。

4.根据下文 For example, during family tragedies, most parents tell kids not to tell others. Kids always do so."(比如,在家庭悲剧期间,大多数父母告诉孩子不要告诉其他人,孩子们总是这么做。)可知,孩子按照父母的要求不对别人说家庭里的悲剧,而实际上孩子们通过讲出来是可以寻同时抑郁可以治疗。所以空白处的内容应承接上文,讲述这样带来的结果是孩子们不知道向别人寻求帮助。选项B. Kids don' t know about getting help from others."(孩子们不知道向别人寻求帮助)符合题意。故选B。

5.根据前文 She will accompany(陪伴) Delton on his book tour, which will start next month"(她将陪同Delton巡回签售,下个月开始。)下文 She offers to talk with parents and children about the signs of depression in children during media interviews:"(她会在媒体采访中与父母和孩子谈论孩子抑郁的迹象。)可推知,空白处的内容为她还将陪同他岀席媒体采访,都是讲述了她接下来的安排。选项F符合题意。故选F。

3.答案：BCADE

解析：这是一篇说明文。主要说明了澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软的皮肤拉伸设备,这是一种可以重建触觉的触觉设备,介绍了这种设备的工作原理以及应用领域。

【小题1】根据上文"Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have invented a soft skin stretch device (SSD), a haptic device that can recreate the sense of touch.(澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的研究人员发明了一种柔软的皮肤拉伸设备,这是一种可以重建触觉的触觉设备)"以及后文"It is similar to what is felt in the real world, through force, vibration or motion.(它类似于通过力、振动或运动在现实世界中感受到的感觉)"可知,本句承接上文解释说明触觉技术的工作原理,B选项中Haptic technology对应后文it。故B选项"触觉技术通过刺激局部皮肤区域来模拟触觉体验"符合语境。故选B。

【小题2】根据上文"Vibration is the most common haptic technology today and has been built into many electronic devices.(振动是当今最常见的触觉技术,已经被嵌入到许多电子设备中)"以及后文"The existing technology also has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or located remotely, according to Mai Thanh Thai, lead author of the study.(该研究的主要作者Mai Thanh Thai说,现有的技术在虚拟环境或远程环境中再现物体的触感也有很大困难)"可知,后文提到了现在触觉技术的另一个缺点,推测本句与上文构成转折,指出触觉技术的缺点,后文中的also是关键词,说明空处提出了缺点之一,故C选项"然而,带振动的触觉反馈在连续使用时变得不那么敏感"符合语境。故选C。

【小题3】根据后文"The research team introduced a novel method to recreate the sense of touch through soft, artificial "muscles". It works like this: Imagine you are at home and you call your friend who is in Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend also wears a glove with integrated 3D force sensors. If your friend picks up an object, it will physically press against your friend's fingers.(该研究小组介绍了一种新方法,通过柔软的人工"肌肉"重建触觉。它是这样工作的:想象你在家里,你打电话给你在澳大利亚的朋友。你戴着带有SSD的触觉手套,你的朋友也戴着带有集成3D力传感器的手套。如果你的朋友拿起一个物体,它会压在你朋友的手指上)"可知,后文提到了研究人员对触觉技术的改进,结合上一段提到了触觉技术的两个缺点,可知新技术克服了现有触觉设备的问题。故A选项"新技术克服了现有触觉设备的问题"符合语境。故选A。

【小题4】根据上文"If your friend picks up an object, it will physically press against your friend's fingers.(如果你的朋友拿起一个物体,它会压在你朋友的手指上)"以及后文"The force signals can be sent to your glove so your device will generate the same 3D forces, making you experience the same sense of touch as your friend.(力的信号可以发送到你的手套上,这样你的设备就会产生同样的3D力,让你和你的朋友体验到同样的触觉)"可知,上文提到物体会压在朋友的手指上,并且他们都带着3D力传感器的手套,所以手套应该能接受并测量到这种相互作用。故D选项"他们戴着3D力传感器的手套将测量这些相互作用"符合语境。故选D。

【小题5】根据后文"Doctors can feel a patient's organ tissues with surgical tools without touching them.(医生不用接触手术工具就能感觉到病人的器官组织)"可知,后文提到了医生,可见这种设备可以用于医疗,故E选项"或者它可以用于医疗实践"符合语境。故选E。

4.答案：CBGEF

解析：这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了本年度最受欢迎的几种旅游方式。

【小题1】根据上文However, their travel methods may be different each year..(然而,旅游方式每年都不同)选项承接上文,引起下文的各个小标题。故C选项这是几个今年人们首选的旅游方式'。切题。故选C。

【小题2】根据下文"You have to face new things and it pushes you out of your comfort zone'"(你必须面对新事物,它会把你推离舒适区)可知,上文是对选项的具体解释。故B选项~但是独自在一个完全陌生的地方旅行可能会很有挑战性'切题,new things呼应challenging。故选B。

【小题3】根据上文"With ever-improving headsets(头戴式视读器),smartphones and Wi-Fi connections, people can have a 360-degree experience of museums, theme parks and historical places."(随着头戴式视读器、智能手机和Wi-Fi连接的不断改进,人们可以360度体验博物馆、主题公园和历史名胜。)可知,选项承接上文说明运用这些技术还能做什么。G,选项中的With these technologies'"与上句中的ever-improving headsets(头戴式视读器),smartphones and Wi-Fi connections'"呼应。故G选项有了这些技术,游客可以体验火星表面"。故选G。

【小题4】根据下文"There are always some "must-see" places anywhere you travel. But traveling in such places always brings problems like overcrowding and noise. In order to have a better travel experience, many tend to visit less famous places."(在你旅行的任何t地方,总有一些"必看"的地方。但在这样的地方旅行总会带来拥挤和噪音等问题。为了有更好的旅行体验,许多人倾向于去不太出名的地方。)可知,本段的主要内容为避开人多的景点,选择不太著名的地方旅游,慢下来用心体验旅游的乐趣。所以短文的最佳标题为'远离拥挤的路线"。故选E。

【小题5】"With less transportation and fewer things to do, hitting up a little town gets people to slow down and notice the little things."(由于交通工具减少,要做的事情也会减少,到一个小镇上去会让人们放慢脚步,注意到一些小事情。)可知,选项承接上文具体解释做哪些小事情。故F选项散步,骑自行车,喝咖啡,探索自然风光"切题。故选F。

5.答案：CBEGF

解析：​本文是说明文。这篇文章主要告诉了我们如何才能拥有朋友,想拥有朋友,那么你必须学会如何做别人的朋友。首先你应该诚实、其次你要慷慨、最后你要学会理解他人。

【小题1】根据空前Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back.(太多的人想要别人成为他们的朋友,但他们不回报友谊。)可知,不回报友谊只是索取不会有长久友谊,以及空后To have a friend, you must learn to be one.(要有朋友,必须先学会做朋友。)),可知,告诉人们如何能够交上朋友。C项:这就是为什么有些友谊不会长久。符合语境。故选C。

【小题2】根据空后Friends must be able to trust one another. If you do not tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest, you may lose the friend's trust.."(朋友之间必须相互信任。如果你不说真话,人们通常会发现的。如果一个朋友发现你一直不诚实,你可能会失去朋友的信任。),可知,本段介绍诚实的重要性。B项:诚实是友谊的开始。适合做主旨句。故选B。

【小题3】根据空前Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to friend. They tell your friend what is important to you.(你自然会想要分享你的想法和感受。这些对朋友来说很有价值。他们告诉你的朋友什么对你重要。)可知,前面提到要和朋友分享感受和想法,接下来要说这样做的好处。E项:通过分享它们,你可以帮助你的朋友更好地了解。符合语境。故选E。

【小题4】根据空前Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and helping with a problem. Something may go wrong at school"(每个人迟早都需要理解和帮助来解决问题。学校里可能会出问题)可知,人人都会有要解决的问题。以及空后Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem.(向朋友求助是解决问题的第一步。),可知,下面提到了向朋友求助的方法,要谈论问题才能更好解决问题。,G项:谈论这个问题可以使问题更容易解决。符合语境。故选G。

【小题5】根据空后If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding.(如果你想保持你的朋友,你必须实践诚实,慷慨和理解。)可知,honesty, generosity and understanding.就是选项中的three things, F项:但所有真正的友谊都有三个共同点。符合语境。故选F。

6.答案： FGEBC
解析：①F项中的"that possibility"和空前的"a chance"相呼应, 分析语境可知, F项在此处起到了承上启下的过渡作用。故选F。

②本空是段尾句, 有总结之意。此外, G选项中的"That"和空前一句"You'd better stock up today on at least 2-week worth of essentials such as water, food, emergency and medical supplies."相衔接, 且G选项中的"an extended time at home"与上文中的"people remain in quarantine"相呼应。故选G。

③根据"It may feel...decided on and ready."及"Figure out...would be"可知, 空处陈述的应是你和家人讨论的内容, E选项符合语境。故选E。

④本空是段首句。根据对本段的整体理解可知, 本段主要陈述的是健康的行为习惯的具体方面, 与选项B内容呼应。故选B。

⑤空后一句中的"where to find it"与C选项中的"keep it somewhere safe and visible"相呼应, 故空处应是建议把必要信息单放在安全且家人都能看到的地方。故选C。