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高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（5）（含解析）
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这是一份高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（5）（含解析），共16页。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（5）
1. Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn't much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. "She should have been up there," says historian Mary Bowden. "If her photos hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure." One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision.
At the University of Cambridge in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together. Meanwhile, at King's College London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.
But the relationship between Wilkins and Franklin was a lot rockier. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return. "Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place."
"As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers," says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize award ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that "Franklin was only two steps away from the solution."
No, Franklin was the solution. "She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer," Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the "Dark Lady of DNA", Franklin is finally coming into the light.
1.Why did Watson get angry with Franklin?
A.Franklin kept her results from him. B.Franklin took the lead in the competition.
C.Franklin proved some of his findings wrong. D.Franklin shared her data with other scientists.
2.Why is Franklin described as "Dark Lady of DNA"?
A.She developed pictures in dark labs.
B.Her name was forgotten after her death.
C.She discovered the black X—the shape of DNA.
D.Her contribution was unknown to the public.
3.What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A.Respectful. B.Disapproving. C.Admiring. D.Indifferent.
4.Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.Much Pain, No Gain B.Be Nice, Never Finish Last
C.When One Door Closes, Another Opens D.Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
2. While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we've "summered." "Summer" is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbing noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. It's not so in adulthood, where we are expected to "foot" bills, "chair" committees, and "dialog" with political opponents. Chances are you didn't feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbing nouns.
"The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language," says Patricia O'Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion(转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of Style—the Bible for the use of American English—have this to say: "Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect." The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
"Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them," says O'Conner. That's why we're comfortable with "hosting" a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of "medaling" in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn't offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about "verbifying" a noun if it's easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it's descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English "English." Not every coinage(新创词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
1.What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A.It hasn't recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B.It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C.It hasn't been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D.It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice.
2.What is most leading experts' attitude toward the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A.Cautious. B.Satisfied. C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
3.What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A.Predictable. B.Practicable. C.Approaching. D.Impossible.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Are 40 Percent of All New Verbs From Nouns?
B.Are "Summering" and "Medaling" Annoying?
C.Are You Comfortable About a New Verb?
D.Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
3. A test that measures blood flow changes in the brain shows people with high blood pressure are more likely to experience poorer communication between brain regions than those with normal blood pressure, according to a small study published in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.
"This study may help to explain why hypertension is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease," said the study's lead author, Lorenzo Carnevale.
Researchers compared images of the brains of 19 people with high blood pressure and 18 people with blood pressure in the normal range. The images were resting-state functional MRIs, which measure small changes in blood flow at rest. Researchers also gave participants cognitive tests. Compared to people with normal blood pressure, those with hypertension performed more slowly and poorly on the cognitive tests, and their brain images showed a pattern of abnormal connections.
Dr. Kristine Yaffe, a professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of California, noted the brain changes appeared prior to any structural change in the brain associated with poorer cognitive skills.
"It could be that the changes are there, and we just don't see them yet," Yaffe said. "Or maybe the functional connections are altered earlier in the process. The really amazing thing to me is that they are seeing these changes at such a young age." The average age of participants with high blood pressure was 55.
Yaffe, however, pointed out a larger study over a longer period of time is needed to flesh out these findings. "We need to see if cognitive function gets worse, who is most likely to experience this and what it means in terms of when brain changes appear. We can't answer those questions with such a small study."
"The study should not be interpreted to mean everyone with high blood pressure is on the road to Alzheimer's disease," she added. "The brain is really complicated. There are some subtle changes in connections shown here, but that doesn't mean the brain isn't working. There may be other ways the brain is compensating(弥补) for this."
1.What will people with hypertension suffer?
A.Less communication. B.A decline in memory.
C.Inactive brain activities. D.Poor connections in the brain.
2.What is Dr.Kristine Yaffe's attitude toward the study?
A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.
3.What do the underlined words "flesh out" mean in Paragraph 6?
A.Enrich. B.Deny. C.Describe. D.Challenge.
4.What can we infer about high blood pressure?
A.Brains may make up for its effects. B.It makes brains more complicated.
C.It must lead to Alzheimer's disease. D.Its effects on brains are still unknown.
4. It's no secret that inhaling smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious disease. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is teeming with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores(真菌孢子), are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi(真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study cited in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms latch on to smoke particulates, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is "intrigued" by the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition. "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen. "But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness?"
Whether the microbes in smoke actually cause infections or simply worsen potential respiratory issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming", says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike, will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters(过滤器) and running air conditioning.
1.What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2?
A.They could be killed by high heat.
B.They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
C.They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
D.They can easily attach themselves to smoke particulates.
2.How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?
A.They will cause lung infections. B.They might worsen lung disease.
C.They will destroy living environments. D.They might damage respiratory system.
3.Why are low-income people suffering more than others?
A.They live in poor areas. B.They drive to and from work.
C.They have suffered from lung disease. D.They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A.Results of the new research.
B.Disagreements between the author and Chen.
C.Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.
D.Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.
5.Songkran
Duration: from April 12 to 15 in Phuket (The dates vary depending on the regions).
Location: Songkran is the Thai New Year. The entire country gets a lot of days off, and most Thai people will be going back home to celebrate Songkran with their families. Just expect a lot of traffic jams on the road as everyone is out on pick-up trucks, throwing water at each other.
Details: Starting in the early morning on April 13th, the water ceremony will take many forms. Initially, you are only supposed to sprinkle(洒) your family with a tiny cup of water at home. It's good luck. Then you sprinkle a statue of Buddha very respectfully and say a little prayer.
Later in the morning, the game starts to change. Because this is the hottest time of the year, sprinkling each other with water is a lot of fun. Add a little beer to that and Songkran turns into a country-wide water war.
It starts rather gently in Phuket Town around 10 a.m., turning to water dogfights(混战) in the afternoon in Patong, Kata and Karon, and ends in the full-scale wet war zone in Bangla Road until late at night.
Survival Tips:
Don't drive a bike if you can avoid it. It's slippery and the tendency to close eyes when water is thrown at you is dangerous.
Get a waterproof camera.
Be aware of major traffic jams in towns, mostly in Patong Beach.
Don't carry anything that doesn't resist water.
Don't wear expensive clothing.
Be aware of the sun!
Have fun! Don't take it too seriously. It's good.
1.Why do traffic jams happen during Songkran?
A.The road is slippery. B.The entire country gets a lot of days off.
C.The people are throwing water at each other. D.Everyone is sprinkling his family on the road.
2.What's the first step to celebrate Songkran?
A.Saying a little prayer. B.Sprinkling a statue of Buddha.
C.Sprinkling the family with a little water. D.Sprinkling each other with much beer.
3.Which of the following is recommended during Songkran?
A.Carrying an umbrella. B.Wearing cheap clothes.
C.Bringing some cash. D.Riding a bicycle.
6. Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. They try to make the audience believe that they have the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on their skill with their hands, on their knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices(机械装置). Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of their hands and from thinking about the secret parts of their equipment. They must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change color. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this they talk to the audience and wave a brightly colored cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that their other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favorite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then they "magically" make it appear whole again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.
1.What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?
A.To promote a magic show. B.To teach people to be magicians.
C.To explain the art of magic. D.To praise the talents of magicians.
2.Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?
A.Moving stage equipment. B.Directing the audience's attention.
C.Applying high technology. D.Keeping the performance in secret.
3.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs?
A.Providing examples. B.Making a summary.
C.Drawing comparisons. D.Explaining a concept.
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.Mechanical devices are expensive. B.Most magicians employ assistants.
C.It takes practice to perform magic. D.Small objects are magicians' favorites.
7. Maybe you're depressed because you don't sleep well. Or you feel stuck when you read an e-mail with some bad news that prevents your enthusiastic imagination. Whatever the case may be, you tell yourself working now is in vain, because you couldn't possibly come up with anything inventive in this mood.
Several studies in psychology have shown that negative emotions narrow our vision and limit our thinking. However, positive emotions can improve creativity because they broaden our way of thinking by encouraging us to try new things or look at situations differently.
Creativity is the ability to produce and carry out both new and useful ideas. Creativity can result from a person's own creative ideas and observations, or it can appear as a response to a direct assignment or problem as well.
Both positive and negative moods can lead to two different kinds of creativity that benefit different tasks. Research shows that the key factor influencing our creativity is not our mood itself, but the strength of our feelings and the motivation behind our work. For example, anger or anxiety can help us to focus our attention on producing effective results. Great excitement or joy, on the other hand, can encourage an instant at which the solution to a problem becomes clear all of a sudden. In fact, one study even finds that while we're 20 percent more likely to have creative abilities to understand mixed situations when we're feeling good, people in a negative mood perform better when the quality of solutions—not quantity—matters most.
But of course, we are rarely entirely happy or entirely sad. More often, we experience mixed emotions. In psychology, these strong emotions, whether they are positive or negative, lead to greater creative actions.
It comes as no surprise then that highly creative people tend to be very familiar with their emotions. They report experiencing very strong emotions more frequently than less creative people and are more willing to experience those emotions.
1.What is the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph?
A.To expect us to be creative. B.To show the importance of creativity.
C.To tell us negative emotions exist everywhere. D.To clarify how moods influence your creativity.
2.What is the attitude of the author toward negative emotions?
A.Supportive. B.Critical. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
3.What can be learned from the passage?
A.We should always try to keep ourselves in good mood.
B.People feel either very happy or very sad most of the time.
C.Strong emotions play an important role in creativity.
D.Creativity only results from creative ideas and observations.
4.According to the passage, what should you do to get more creative?
A.Avoid negative moods totally. B.Face up to inner feelings positively.
C.Try out new things cautiously. D.Understand mixed situations clearly.
8. Over 400 human footprints preserved in volcanic sediment(沉淀物) provide a sign of social life among ancient hunter-gatherers. The impressions, found in northern Tanzania, add up to Africa's largest collection of ancient human footprints, say evolutionary biologist Kevin Hatala of Chatham University in Pittsburgh and his colleagues. People walked across a muddy layer of volcanic ashes dating back to between 19,100 and 5,760 years ago, the researchers reported on May 14 in Scientific Reports. Dating of a thin rock layer that partly overlaps(重叠) the sediment narrows the footprints' age to about 12,000 to 10,000 years ago.
Hatala's team analyzed footprint sizes, distances between prints and which way prints pointed. One collection of tracks was made by 17 people walking southwest. Comparisons with modern prints suggest that this group consisted of fourteen women, two men and one young boy. The women may have been searching for foods while a few males visited or accompanied them, the researchers infer. Some present-day hunter-gatherers form lately female food-gathering groups.
The study is "a nice piece of work", although it's hard to specify what people were doing, says geologist Matthew Bennett of Bournemouth University in Poole, England.
Many more sets of footprint tracks would be needed to argue convincingly that hunter-gatherers at that time had female food-gathering groups, Bennett says. And it would still be unknown if the women were gathering plants or hunting prey. Other footprint sites present especially promising opportunities for studying ancient behavior, he says. He is involved in work in New Mexico that has uncovered tens of thousands of footprints of humans and other creatures from more than 10,000 years ago. Early results suggest that humans there hunted giant sloths(树懒). Bennett expects those prints will yield more insights into Stone Age hunting.
1.What does the underlined word "impressions" in the first paragraph mean?
A.Thoughts about people or things. B.Collections of volcanic ashes.
C.Marks left by creatures or something. D.Behaviors of imitating someone.
2.What do the newly-discovered footprints suggest?
A.Ancient hunters were socially organized.
B.Ancient male hunters were admired by females.
C.Female food-gathering groups were obviously formed.
D.Males played a more important role in finding food than females.
3.What can we learn according to the last paragraph?
A.The females gathered plants or hunted prey in the Stone Age.
B.The footprint tracks have proved female food-gathering groups existed.
C.The footprint sites provide a good chance to further study ancient behavior.
D.The footprints will hardly influence our understanding of Stone Age hunting
4.What's the best title for the text?
A.How Ancient Hunters Gathered Food B.What Ancient Human Footprints Were Like
C.What Ancient Human Footprints Tell Us D.How Ancient Food-Gathering Groups Cooperated
9. It used to be mostly the military that used small, unpiloted aircraft, called "drones". The little planes were very costly. But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.
The fast rate of the development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and smartphones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less costly drones. Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore ancient buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to watch over their crops.
Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help farmers. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. They called it "Agridrone". It uses a special "optical sensor" to examine crops. The technology used is similar to that used by smartphones—except it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.
Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different times of the season. He says this provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly where the fertilizer is needed.
Romain Faroux says farmers use information collected by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it is needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares in about a minute.
1.Why do rescue workers and farmers begin to use drones?
A.Drones can monitor their cattle. B.Drones' prices have dropped.
C.Drones can help them get more business. D.Drones' sizes become smaller.
2.What can the drones developed by Romain Faroux's company do?
A.Explore ancient buildings. B.Put fertilizer on the crops.
C.Help farmers examine their crops. D.Help rescue workers look for people.
3.What can the sensor on the drone do?
A.Help the sunlight shine the crops. B.Direct the plane to fly over the crops.
C.Examine the different colors of the sunlight. D.Record the sunlight reflected off the crops.
4.How does the author think of the use of the drone according to the text?
A.Environmentally friendly B.Wasteful.
C.Costly. D.Safe.
10. Experts agree that parents who give up control over their children's lives would raise them to be more independent adults. While the vast majority of parents are not in the position to bribe their children into elite(精英) schools, this extreme case illustrates the temptation many feel to take control of their kids' lives. But an extreme hands-on approach can have devastating consequences when it comes to a child's mental health.
"These parents thought their kids were incapable of managing their lives by themselves. And I don't think there's any worse message you can give somebody than 'I don't have any confidence in your ability to handle your own life,' " the clinical neuropsychologist William Stixrud told HuffPost. Stixrud is the author of The Self-driven Child: The Science and Sense of Giving Your Kids More Control over Their Lives, along with Ned Johnson.
In their research, Stixrud and Johnson have identified the importance for young people to feel a sense of control over their own lives. "We have this epidemic of stress-related problems like anxiety and depression, and so many of those are related to the fact that kids feel so little control over their lives," said Stixrud. "They feel like, 'Here's a script to get into college, and that's what your life is going to be.' It's incredibly stressful and discouraging for many kids." In order to develop healthy self-motivation, young people need to feel a sense of agency and autonomy, which parents and educators have the power to promote.
"We suggest parents think of themselves as consultants, rather than a kid's manager or boss, or the homework police. It's a very different kind of thinking about your role", said Stixrud. "As a consultant, your role is not to force anything or say 'You need to be like this'. Instead, help your kid understand what he or she wants to be." He advises parents to encourage their kids to make their own decisions long before the college years. It's important to constantly ask, "Whose life is this?" and realize the answer is "My child's life, not mine."
1.What does the writer think of the extreme hands-on approach in parenting?
A.It's good for parents to control children better.
B.It can raise children to be independent ones.
C.It's harmful to children's mental health.
D.It can help children to be admitted into better schools.
2.What does the underlined word "bribe" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Persuade. B.Translate. C.Throw. D.Shock.
3.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A.To summarize the previous paragraphs. B.To add some background information.
C.To provide some advice for parents. D.To introduce a new topic for discussion.
4.Which could be the best title for the text?
A.How to Be Your Children's Friend
B.Be Your Children's Consultant Instead of Manager
C.Accompany Your Children Growing Up
D.How to Help Your Children Adjust to College Life
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 CDBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第五段中的What she did was produce X-ray pictures...one of their early models was inside out...That angered Watson可知, 沃森生气是因为富兰克林的X光照片证明了沃森早期的一个模型是颠倒的, 即证明沃森的某个发现是错误的, 故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第六段中历史学家的话As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to...by cutting her out of the little group of researchers可知, 威尔金斯、沃森和克里克把富兰克林排除在外, 由最后一段中的She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA...以及Once described as the "Dark Lady of DNA", Franklin is finally coming into the light.可知, 富兰克林在解开DNA结构的问题上贡献最大, 但最后才被发现。由此可推知, 她被称为"Dark Lady of DNA", 是因为她的贡献不为公众所知, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知, 作为富兰克林的竞争对手, 威尔金斯、沃森和克里克通过把富兰克林排除在研究小组之外而获益颇多, 结合最后一段中的No, Franklin was the solution.及She must be considered a co-discoverer可推知, 作者认为富兰克林起到了关键作用, 肯定了她对研究的贡献, 而对其他三位科学家是不赞成的, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。本文第一段说明有三位科学家获得了诺贝尔奖, 但研究团队中的第四个人却被排除在外; 下文详细说明了罗莎琳德•富兰克林虽然对DNA的发现有重大贡献, 但却始终不为人所知的故事, 由此可推知, A项(多劳无获)为最佳标题, 故选A项。
2.答案：1-4 CADB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.可知, 近半的新动词来自名词, 说明"名词动用"在上个世纪并不是罕见的现象, 故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.可知, 两位专家建议在英语语言的实践中应持怀疑态度; The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.说明《芝加哥文体手册》也建议小心谨慎地使用动词, 由此可推知, 对于"名词动用"的用法, 大多数专家持谨慎的态度, 故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Not every coinage passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.可知, 作者认为想要停止"名词动用"用法的使用是不可能的, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章描述了存在已久的一种语言现象—"名词动用", 并讨论了人们对它的态度, 大多数专家对英语语言中"名词动用"的实践持有谨慎态度, 也有人因抗拒自己不熟悉的东西而反对新动词。B项引用文章中的两个"名词动用"的词summer和medal来对其用法进行概括并展示对它的态度, 因此B项"Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗?"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
3.答案：1-4 DBAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的people with high blood I pressure are more likely to experience poorer communication between brain regions than those with normal blood pressure可知, 高血压患者大脑区域之间的交流可能会更少, 也就是说大脑区域间的关联会比较弱, 故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Yaffe, however, pointed out a larger study over a longer period of time is needed to flesh out these findings.以及下文的We can't answer those questions with such a small study. 可知亚夫博士肯定了这项研究的意义, 并指出其局限性, 即还需要进行更大规模、更长时间的研究, 由此可推知, 亚夫博士对这实验持客观态度, 故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线处下文的We can't answer those questions with such a small study.可知本次研究规模和成果较小, 需要更大规模、更长时间的实验来丰富实验成果, 故可推知画线短语意为"丰富", 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知, 并非每个高血压患者都有患阿尔茨海默病的风险, 大脑可能有其他的补偿方法, 由此可推知, 大脑也许会以某种方式来抵消高血压对大脑产生的不利影响, A项中短语make up for意为"弥补", 故选A项。
4.答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句You might think the high heat from fire...even multiply post-fire.可知, 一些微生物在大火之后可能会大量繁殖, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由题干中的Dr. Peter Chen可定位至第三段, 由该段中的...but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition.可知, 彼得认为大量的细菌和真菌等微生物可能会让病人的肺部感染恶化, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的This is especially true for lower-income populations...are often more exposed to the environment.可知, 低收入人群比别人遭受更多是因为他们更频繁地暴露在污染的空气中; 固定搭配be exposed to意为"暴露在......", 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段彼得的建议可知, 在空气质量差的时候, 人们应该待在室内, 关闭门窗, 使用高效微粒空气过滤器和空调等, 由此可推知, 最后一段讨论了关于应对较差的空气质量的建议, 故选C项。
5.答案：1-3 CCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Just expect a lot of traffic jams on the road as everyone is out on pick-up trucks, throwing water at each other.可知, 在泼水节期间道路发生交通堵塞是因为人们在相互泼水, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Initially, you are only supposed to sprinkle your family with a tiny cup of water at home.可知, 庆祝泼水节的第一步是给家人洒点水。题干中的the first step与原文中的Initially为同义表达, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据Survival Tips中的Don't wear expensive clothing.可知, 在泼水节期间, 推荐穿便宜的衣服, 故选B项。
6.答案：1-4 CDAC
解析：1. 推理判断题。第一段中的Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.对魔术表演下定义, 第三段的第一句Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to...以及最后一段第一句Another favorite trick is to...说明这两段在讲述魔术的技巧, 由此可推知, 写作目的是解释魔术的艺术, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done.及The magician must keep people from noticing...equipment.可知, 魔术师要让观众注意不到他们的手部动作, 同时让观众想不到魔术设备的秘密之处, 即具有保密性对于魔术的成功很重要; D项中固定搭配keep sth. in secret意为"使......保密", 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知该段阐述的是两个魔术技巧, 两者相结合以取得效果, 又根据下文的For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups...及最后两段出现的What actually happens is that...可知, 作者用两个具体例子来论证说明以上论点, 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段的The magician is a specially trained actor.可知, 表演魔术需要练习, 其他选项在原文中未体现, 故选C项。
7.答案：1-4 DDCB
解析： 1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的some bad news that prevents your enthusiastic imagination可知, 坏消息阻碍想象力, 结合...you couldn't possibly come up with anything inventive in this mood.可知, 在坏情绪影响下, 很难想出任何有创意的东西。由此可推知, 第一段的写作目的是阐明情绪是如何影响你的创造力的, 故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的Both positive and negative moods can lead to two different kinds of creativity that benefit different tasks.及Research shows that the key factor influencing our creativity is not our mood itself...our work.可知, 作者认为积极和消极的情绪能产生不同的创造力, 并陈述研究结论说明影响创造力的关键不在于情绪本身, 由此可推知, 作者对消极情绪的态度是客观的, 故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的They report experiencing very strong emotions more frequently than less creative people...可知, They指代highly creative people, 也就是说, 具有高度创造性的人比缺乏创造力的人更频繁地经历强烈的情绪, 由此可知, 强烈的情绪在创造性中发挥重要作用, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段关键句...but the strength of our feelings and the motivation behind our work.以及最后一段内容可知, 高度创造性的人有强烈的情绪并且更愿意体验这些情绪, 他们的态度是积极的, 由此可推知, 不管处于什么情绪, 只要我们能积极面对内心的感受, 就可以变得更有创造力, 故选B项。
8.答案：1-4 CACC
解析： 1.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的Over 400 human footprints preserved in volcanic sediment provide a sign of social life among ancient hunter-gatherers.可知, 火山沉积物中保存的400多个人类脚印是古代狩猎采集者的社会生活的标志, 并结合画线词所在句可知, 在坦桑尼亚北部发现的某些东西, 丰富了非洲最大的古代人类脚印收藏。由此可推知, 画线词impressions指人类或其他生物留下的脚印等痕迹, 故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The women may have been searching for foods while a few males visited or accompanied them, the researchers infer.可知, 这些女性寻找食物时会有男性陪伴, 由此可推知, 古代人外出狩猎应该是经过一定计划和组织的, 故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Other footprint sites present especially promising opportunities for studying ancient behavior, he says.可知, 这些足迹遗址为进一步研究古代人类行为提供了一个很好的机会, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。本文介绍了一个研究团队对坦桑尼亚北部发现的足迹中隐藏的人类社会行为的分析研究成果, 这些足迹将有助于研究古代人类社会行为以及石器时代的捕猎行为。由此可推知, C项"古代人类的脚印告诉我们什么"为最佳标题, 故选C项。
9.答案：1-4 BCDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.可知, 救援人员和农民开始使用无人机是因为无人机的价格下降了, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。由题干中的Romain Faroux定位至第三段, 由该段的...a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. They called it "Agridrone". It uses a special "optical sensor" to examine crops.可知, 罗曼•法鲁的公司研发的无人机利用"光学传感器"帮助农民检测庄稼, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.可知, 无人机上的传感器能记录农作物反射的阳光, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Romain Faroux says farmers use information...and reduces pollution.可知, 农民利用农业无人机收集的信息, 只在需要化肥的地方施肥, 这减少了污染, 很环保, 故选A项。
10.答案：1-4 CACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But an extreme hands-on approach can have devastating consequences when it comes to a child's mental health.可知, 这种极端的教育方式对儿童的心理健康有害, 故选C项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的this extreme case illustrates the temptation many feel to take control of their kids' lives可知, 许多人意欲控制自己孩子的生话, 画线词bribe与temptation语义一致, 在此处意为"诱惑; 诱哄", 即诱哄自己的孩子进入精英学校, 故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的We suggest parents think of themselves as consultants...以及He advises parents to encourage their kids...可知, 作者是在给父母提供建议, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其根据最后一段的关键词consultants, understand, encourage可知, 专家建议父母把自己当作孩子的顾问, 理解并鼓励孩子, 放弃对孩子生活的控制; B项"做孩子的顾问而非管理者"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解强化练习题（5）
1. Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn't much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. "She should have been up there," says historian Mary Bowden. "If her photos hadn't been there, the others couldn't have come up with the structure." One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision.
At the University of Cambridge in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA's parts and then putting them together. Meanwhile, at King's College London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.
But the relationship between Wilkins and Franklin was a lot rockier. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return. "Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place."
"As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers," says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize award ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that "Franklin was only two steps away from the solution."
No, Franklin was the solution. "She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer," Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the "Dark Lady of DNA", Franklin is finally coming into the light.
1.Why did Watson get angry with Franklin?
A.Franklin kept her results from him. B.Franklin took the lead in the competition.
C.Franklin proved some of his findings wrong. D.Franklin shared her data with other scientists.
2.Why is Franklin described as "Dark Lady of DNA"?
A.She developed pictures in dark labs.
B.Her name was forgotten after her death.
C.She discovered the black X—the shape of DNA.
D.Her contribution was unknown to the public.
3.What is the writer's attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A.Respectful. B.Disapproving. C.Admiring. D.Indifferent.
4.Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.Much Pain, No Gain B.Be Nice, Never Finish Last
C.When One Door Closes, Another Opens D.Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way
2. While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we've "summered." "Summer" is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbing noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. It's not so in adulthood, where we are expected to "foot" bills, "chair" committees, and "dialog" with political opponents. Chances are you didn't feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbing nouns.
"The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language," says Patricia O'Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion(转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of Style—the Bible for the use of American English—have this to say: "Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect." The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
"Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them," says O'Conner. That's why we're comfortable with "hosting" a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of "medaling" in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn't offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about "verbifying" a noun if it's easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it's descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English "English." Not every coinage(新创词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
1.What can we learn about the verbing of nouns?
A.It hasn't recently been opposed by many grammarians.
B.It is more commonly accepted by children than adults.
C.It hasn't been a rare phenomenon in the past century.
D.It is easily replaced by existing verbs in practice.
2.What is most leading experts' attitude toward the practice of the verbing of nouns?
A.Cautious. B.Satisfied. C.Disappointed. D.Unconcerned.
3.What does the author think of ending the verbing of nouns?
A.Predictable. B.Practicable. C.Approaching. D.Impossible.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Are 40 Percent of All New Verbs From Nouns?
B.Are "Summering" and "Medaling" Annoying?
C.Are You Comfortable About a New Verb?
D.Are There Any Rules for Verbing?
3. A test that measures blood flow changes in the brain shows people with high blood pressure are more likely to experience poorer communication between brain regions than those with normal blood pressure, according to a small study published in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.
"This study may help to explain why hypertension is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease," said the study's lead author, Lorenzo Carnevale.
Researchers compared images of the brains of 19 people with high blood pressure and 18 people with blood pressure in the normal range. The images were resting-state functional MRIs, which measure small changes in blood flow at rest. Researchers also gave participants cognitive tests. Compared to people with normal blood pressure, those with hypertension performed more slowly and poorly on the cognitive tests, and their brain images showed a pattern of abnormal connections.
Dr. Kristine Yaffe, a professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of California, noted the brain changes appeared prior to any structural change in the brain associated with poorer cognitive skills.
"It could be that the changes are there, and we just don't see them yet," Yaffe said. "Or maybe the functional connections are altered earlier in the process. The really amazing thing to me is that they are seeing these changes at such a young age." The average age of participants with high blood pressure was 55.
Yaffe, however, pointed out a larger study over a longer period of time is needed to flesh out these findings. "We need to see if cognitive function gets worse, who is most likely to experience this and what it means in terms of when brain changes appear. We can't answer those questions with such a small study."
"The study should not be interpreted to mean everyone with high blood pressure is on the road to Alzheimer's disease," she added. "The brain is really complicated. There are some subtle changes in connections shown here, but that doesn't mean the brain isn't working. There may be other ways the brain is compensating(弥补) for this."
1.What will people with hypertension suffer?
A.Less communication. B.A decline in memory.
C.Inactive brain activities. D.Poor connections in the brain.
2.What is Dr.Kristine Yaffe's attitude toward the study?
A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.
3.What do the underlined words "flesh out" mean in Paragraph 6?
A.Enrich. B.Deny. C.Describe. D.Challenge.
4.What can we infer about high blood pressure?
A.Brains may make up for its effects. B.It makes brains more complicated.
C.It must lead to Alzheimer's disease. D.Its effects on brains are still unknown.
4. It's no secret that inhaling smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious disease. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is teeming with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores(真菌孢子), are known to cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi(真菌) that otherwise might not easily become airborne. You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study cited in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms latch on to smoke particulates, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.
Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is "intrigued" by the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don't cause lung infections, says Chen, but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition. "I always thought it was the particulates in smoke that were causing these issues," says Chen. "But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illness?"
Whether the microbes in smoke actually cause infections or simply worsen potential respiratory issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming", says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike, will inhale more smoke than those who drive.
But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters(过滤器) and running air conditioning.
1.What can we know about the microorganisms from Paragraph 2?
A.They could be killed by high heat.
B.They could possibly travel through air by themselves.
C.They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.
D.They can easily attach themselves to smoke particulates.
2.How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?
A.They will cause lung infections. B.They might worsen lung disease.
C.They will destroy living environments. D.They might damage respiratory system.
3.Why are low-income people suffering more than others?
A.They live in poor areas. B.They drive to and from work.
C.They have suffered from lung disease. D.They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A.Results of the new research.
B.Disagreements between the author and Chen.
C.Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.
D.Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.
5.Songkran
Duration: from April 12 to 15 in Phuket (The dates vary depending on the regions).
Location: Songkran is the Thai New Year. The entire country gets a lot of days off, and most Thai people will be going back home to celebrate Songkran with their families. Just expect a lot of traffic jams on the road as everyone is out on pick-up trucks, throwing water at each other.
Details: Starting in the early morning on April 13th, the water ceremony will take many forms. Initially, you are only supposed to sprinkle(洒) your family with a tiny cup of water at home. It's good luck. Then you sprinkle a statue of Buddha very respectfully and say a little prayer.
Later in the morning, the game starts to change. Because this is the hottest time of the year, sprinkling each other with water is a lot of fun. Add a little beer to that and Songkran turns into a country-wide water war.
It starts rather gently in Phuket Town around 10 a.m., turning to water dogfights(混战) in the afternoon in Patong, Kata and Karon, and ends in the full-scale wet war zone in Bangla Road until late at night.
Survival Tips:
Don't drive a bike if you can avoid it. It's slippery and the tendency to close eyes when water is thrown at you is dangerous.
Get a waterproof camera.
Be aware of major traffic jams in towns, mostly in Patong Beach.
Don't carry anything that doesn't resist water.
Don't wear expensive clothing.
Be aware of the sun!
Have fun! Don't take it too seriously. It's good.
1.Why do traffic jams happen during Songkran?
A.The road is slippery. B.The entire country gets a lot of days off.
C.The people are throwing water at each other. D.Everyone is sprinkling his family on the road.
2.What's the first step to celebrate Songkran?
A.Saying a little prayer. B.Sprinkling a statue of Buddha.
C.Sprinkling the family with a little water. D.Sprinkling each other with much beer.
3.Which of the following is recommended during Songkran?
A.Carrying an umbrella. B.Wearing cheap clothes.
C.Bringing some cash. D.Riding a bicycle.
6. Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. They try to make the audience believe that they have the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on their skill with their hands, on their knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices(机械装置). Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of their hands and from thinking about the secret parts of their equipment. They must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change color. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this they talk to the audience and wave a brightly colored cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician's words to notice that their other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favorite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then they "magically" make it appear whole again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.
1.What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?
A.To promote a magic show. B.To teach people to be magicians.
C.To explain the art of magic. D.To praise the talents of magicians.
2.Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick?
A.Moving stage equipment. B.Directing the audience's attention.
C.Applying high technology. D.Keeping the performance in secret.
3.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs?
A.Providing examples. B.Making a summary.
C.Drawing comparisons. D.Explaining a concept.
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.Mechanical devices are expensive. B.Most magicians employ assistants.
C.It takes practice to perform magic. D.Small objects are magicians' favorites.
7. Maybe you're depressed because you don't sleep well. Or you feel stuck when you read an e-mail with some bad news that prevents your enthusiastic imagination. Whatever the case may be, you tell yourself working now is in vain, because you couldn't possibly come up with anything inventive in this mood.
Several studies in psychology have shown that negative emotions narrow our vision and limit our thinking. However, positive emotions can improve creativity because they broaden our way of thinking by encouraging us to try new things or look at situations differently.
Creativity is the ability to produce and carry out both new and useful ideas. Creativity can result from a person's own creative ideas and observations, or it can appear as a response to a direct assignment or problem as well.
Both positive and negative moods can lead to two different kinds of creativity that benefit different tasks. Research shows that the key factor influencing our creativity is not our mood itself, but the strength of our feelings and the motivation behind our work. For example, anger or anxiety can help us to focus our attention on producing effective results. Great excitement or joy, on the other hand, can encourage an instant at which the solution to a problem becomes clear all of a sudden. In fact, one study even finds that while we're 20 percent more likely to have creative abilities to understand mixed situations when we're feeling good, people in a negative mood perform better when the quality of solutions—not quantity—matters most.
But of course, we are rarely entirely happy or entirely sad. More often, we experience mixed emotions. In psychology, these strong emotions, whether they are positive or negative, lead to greater creative actions.
It comes as no surprise then that highly creative people tend to be very familiar with their emotions. They report experiencing very strong emotions more frequently than less creative people and are more willing to experience those emotions.
1.What is the author's purpose in writing the first paragraph?
A.To expect us to be creative. B.To show the importance of creativity.
C.To tell us negative emotions exist everywhere. D.To clarify how moods influence your creativity.
2.What is the attitude of the author toward negative emotions?
A.Supportive. B.Critical. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.
3.What can be learned from the passage?
A.We should always try to keep ourselves in good mood.
B.People feel either very happy or very sad most of the time.
C.Strong emotions play an important role in creativity.
D.Creativity only results from creative ideas and observations.
4.According to the passage, what should you do to get more creative?
A.Avoid negative moods totally. B.Face up to inner feelings positively.
C.Try out new things cautiously. D.Understand mixed situations clearly.
8. Over 400 human footprints preserved in volcanic sediment(沉淀物) provide a sign of social life among ancient hunter-gatherers. The impressions, found in northern Tanzania, add up to Africa's largest collection of ancient human footprints, say evolutionary biologist Kevin Hatala of Chatham University in Pittsburgh and his colleagues. People walked across a muddy layer of volcanic ashes dating back to between 19,100 and 5,760 years ago, the researchers reported on May 14 in Scientific Reports. Dating of a thin rock layer that partly overlaps(重叠) the sediment narrows the footprints' age to about 12,000 to 10,000 years ago.
Hatala's team analyzed footprint sizes, distances between prints and which way prints pointed. One collection of tracks was made by 17 people walking southwest. Comparisons with modern prints suggest that this group consisted of fourteen women, two men and one young boy. The women may have been searching for foods while a few males visited or accompanied them, the researchers infer. Some present-day hunter-gatherers form lately female food-gathering groups.
The study is "a nice piece of work", although it's hard to specify what people were doing, says geologist Matthew Bennett of Bournemouth University in Poole, England.
Many more sets of footprint tracks would be needed to argue convincingly that hunter-gatherers at that time had female food-gathering groups, Bennett says. And it would still be unknown if the women were gathering plants or hunting prey. Other footprint sites present especially promising opportunities for studying ancient behavior, he says. He is involved in work in New Mexico that has uncovered tens of thousands of footprints of humans and other creatures from more than 10,000 years ago. Early results suggest that humans there hunted giant sloths(树懒). Bennett expects those prints will yield more insights into Stone Age hunting.
1.What does the underlined word "impressions" in the first paragraph mean?
A.Thoughts about people or things. B.Collections of volcanic ashes.
C.Marks left by creatures or something. D.Behaviors of imitating someone.
2.What do the newly-discovered footprints suggest?
A.Ancient hunters were socially organized.
B.Ancient male hunters were admired by females.
C.Female food-gathering groups were obviously formed.
D.Males played a more important role in finding food than females.
3.What can we learn according to the last paragraph?
A.The females gathered plants or hunted prey in the Stone Age.
B.The footprint tracks have proved female food-gathering groups existed.
C.The footprint sites provide a good chance to further study ancient behavior.
D.The footprints will hardly influence our understanding of Stone Age hunting
4.What's the best title for the text?
A.How Ancient Hunters Gathered Food B.What Ancient Human Footprints Were Like
C.What Ancient Human Footprints Tell Us D.How Ancient Food-Gathering Groups Cooperated
9. It used to be mostly the military that used small, unpiloted aircraft, called "drones". The little planes were very costly. But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.
The fast rate of the development of computer technology, image sensing devices, satellite navigation and smartphones has led to lower-priced drones. Researchers and developers have learned how to build smaller and less costly drones. Moviemakers are using drones to film from the sky. Historians use them when they explore ancient buildings. Rescue workers use them to look for people. And now farmers are using them to watch over their crops.
Romain Faroux is a French businessman who starts companies. His father was a farmer. He believed drones could help farmers. He helped create a company that developed a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. They called it "Agridrone". It uses a special "optical sensor" to examine crops. The technology used is similar to that used by smartphones—except it has wings. A computer program directs the drone to fly over the crops. The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.
Jean-Baptiste Bruggeman is a farmer. He says the drone flies over his crops at different times of the season. He says this provides a lot of information about his crops. The drone pictures show him the exact amount of fertilizer the crops need. It also shows exactly where the fertilizer is needed.
Romain Faroux says farmers use information collected by the Agridrone to place fertilizer only in areas where it is needed. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before they used the drones, farmers would put the same amount of fertilizer everywhere. Drones also save time because farmers can examine up to three hectares in about a minute.
1.Why do rescue workers and farmers begin to use drones?
A.Drones can monitor their cattle. B.Drones' prices have dropped.
C.Drones can help them get more business. D.Drones' sizes become smaller.
2.What can the drones developed by Romain Faroux's company do?
A.Explore ancient buildings. B.Put fertilizer on the crops.
C.Help farmers examine their crops. D.Help rescue workers look for people.
3.What can the sensor on the drone do?
A.Help the sunlight shine the crops. B.Direct the plane to fly over the crops.
C.Examine the different colors of the sunlight. D.Record the sunlight reflected off the crops.
4.How does the author think of the use of the drone according to the text?
A.Environmentally friendly B.Wasteful.
C.Costly. D.Safe.
10. Experts agree that parents who give up control over their children's lives would raise them to be more independent adults. While the vast majority of parents are not in the position to bribe their children into elite(精英) schools, this extreme case illustrates the temptation many feel to take control of their kids' lives. But an extreme hands-on approach can have devastating consequences when it comes to a child's mental health.
"These parents thought their kids were incapable of managing their lives by themselves. And I don't think there's any worse message you can give somebody than 'I don't have any confidence in your ability to handle your own life,' " the clinical neuropsychologist William Stixrud told HuffPost. Stixrud is the author of The Self-driven Child: The Science and Sense of Giving Your Kids More Control over Their Lives, along with Ned Johnson.
In their research, Stixrud and Johnson have identified the importance for young people to feel a sense of control over their own lives. "We have this epidemic of stress-related problems like anxiety and depression, and so many of those are related to the fact that kids feel so little control over their lives," said Stixrud. "They feel like, 'Here's a script to get into college, and that's what your life is going to be.' It's incredibly stressful and discouraging for many kids." In order to develop healthy self-motivation, young people need to feel a sense of agency and autonomy, which parents and educators have the power to promote.
"We suggest parents think of themselves as consultants, rather than a kid's manager or boss, or the homework police. It's a very different kind of thinking about your role", said Stixrud. "As a consultant, your role is not to force anything or say 'You need to be like this'. Instead, help your kid understand what he or she wants to be." He advises parents to encourage their kids to make their own decisions long before the college years. It's important to constantly ask, "Whose life is this?" and realize the answer is "My child's life, not mine."
1.What does the writer think of the extreme hands-on approach in parenting?
A.It's good for parents to control children better.
B.It can raise children to be independent ones.
C.It's harmful to children's mental health.
D.It can help children to be admitted into better schools.
2.What does the underlined word "bribe" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Persuade. B.Translate. C.Throw. D.Shock.
3.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A.To summarize the previous paragraphs. B.To add some background information.
C.To provide some advice for parents. D.To introduce a new topic for discussion.
4.Which could be the best title for the text?
A.How to Be Your Children's Friend
B.Be Your Children's Consultant Instead of Manager
C.Accompany Your Children Growing Up
D.How to Help Your Children Adjust to College Life
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 CDBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第五段中的What she did was produce X-ray pictures...one of their early models was inside out...That angered Watson可知, 沃森生气是因为富兰克林的X光照片证明了沃森早期的一个模型是颠倒的, 即证明沃森的某个发现是错误的, 故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第六段中历史学家的话As Franklin's competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to...by cutting her out of the little group of researchers可知, 威尔金斯、沃森和克里克把富兰克林排除在外, 由最后一段中的She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA...以及Once described as the "Dark Lady of DNA", Franklin is finally coming into the light.可知, 富兰克林在解开DNA结构的问题上贡献最大, 但最后才被发现。由此可推知, 她被称为"Dark Lady of DNA", 是因为她的贡献不为公众所知, 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知, 作为富兰克林的竞争对手, 威尔金斯、沃森和克里克通过把富兰克林排除在研究小组之外而获益颇多, 结合最后一段中的No, Franklin was the solution.及She must be considered a co-discoverer可推知, 作者认为富兰克林起到了关键作用, 肯定了她对研究的贡献, 而对其他三位科学家是不赞成的, 故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。本文第一段说明有三位科学家获得了诺贝尔奖, 但研究团队中的第四个人却被排除在外; 下文详细说明了罗莎琳德•富兰克林虽然对DNA的发现有重大贡献, 但却始终不为人所知的故事, 由此可推知, A项(多劳无获)为最佳标题, 故选A项。
2.答案：1-4 CADB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.可知, 近半的新动词来自名词, 说明"名词动用"在上个世纪并不是罕见的现象, 故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的Not all are bad, but all are suspect.可知, 两位专家建议在英语语言的实践中应持怀疑态度; The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.说明《芝加哥文体手册》也建议小心谨慎地使用动词, 由此可推知, 对于"名词动用"的用法, 大多数专家持谨慎的态度, 故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Not every coinage passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.可知, 作者认为想要停止"名词动用"用法的使用是不可能的, 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章描述了存在已久的一种语言现象—"名词动用", 并讨论了人们对它的态度, 大多数专家对英语语言中"名词动用"的实践持有谨慎态度, 也有人因抗拒自己不熟悉的东西而反对新动词。B项引用文章中的两个"名词动用"的词summer和medal来对其用法进行概括并展示对它的态度, 因此B项"Summering和Medaling很讨厌吗?"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
3.答案：1-4 DBAA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的people with high blood I pressure are more likely to experience poorer communication between brain regions than those with normal blood pressure可知, 高血压患者大脑区域之间的交流可能会更少, 也就是说大脑区域间的关联会比较弱, 故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Yaffe, however, pointed out a larger study over a longer period of time is needed to flesh out these findings.以及下文的We can't answer those questions with such a small study. 可知亚夫博士肯定了这项研究的意义, 并指出其局限性, 即还需要进行更大规模、更长时间的研究, 由此可推知, 亚夫博士对这实验持客观态度, 故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线处下文的We can't answer those questions with such a small study.可知本次研究规模和成果较小, 需要更大规模、更长时间的实验来丰富实验成果, 故可推知画线短语意为"丰富", 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知, 并非每个高血压患者都有患阿尔茨海默病的风险, 大脑可能有其他的补偿方法, 由此可推知, 大脑也许会以某种方式来抵消高血压对大脑产生的不利影响, A项中短语make up for意为"弥补", 故选A项。
4.答案：1-4 CBDC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句You might think the high heat from fire...even multiply post-fire.可知, 一些微生物在大火之后可能会大量繁殖, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由题干中的Dr. Peter Chen可定位至第三段, 由该段中的...but it's certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a pre-existing lung condition.可知, 彼得认为大量的细菌和真菌等微生物可能会让病人的肺部感染恶化, 故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的This is especially true for lower-income populations...are often more exposed to the environment.可知, 低收入人群比别人遭受更多是因为他们更频繁地暴露在污染的空气中; 固定搭配be exposed to意为"暴露在......", 故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段彼得的建议可知, 在空气质量差的时候, 人们应该待在室内, 关闭门窗, 使用高效微粒空气过滤器和空调等, 由此可推知, 最后一段讨论了关于应对较差的空气质量的建议, 故选C项。
5.答案：1-3 CCB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Just expect a lot of traffic jams on the road as everyone is out on pick-up trucks, throwing water at each other.可知, 在泼水节期间道路发生交通堵塞是因为人们在相互泼水, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的Initially, you are only supposed to sprinkle your family with a tiny cup of water at home.可知, 庆祝泼水节的第一步是给家人洒点水。题干中的the first step与原文中的Initially为同义表达, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据Survival Tips中的Don't wear expensive clothing.可知, 在泼水节期间, 推荐穿便宜的衣服, 故选B项。
6.答案：1-4 CDAC
解析：1. 推理判断题。第一段中的Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.对魔术表演下定义, 第三段的第一句Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to...以及最后一段第一句Another favorite trick is to...说明这两段在讲述魔术的技巧, 由此可推知, 写作目的是解释魔术的艺术, 故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done.及The magician must keep people from noticing...equipment.可知, 魔术师要让观众注意不到他们的手部动作, 同时让观众想不到魔术设备的秘密之处, 即具有保密性对于魔术的成功很重要; D项中固定搭配keep sth. in secret意为"使......保密", 故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知该段阐述的是两个魔术技巧, 两者相结合以取得效果, 又根据下文的For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups...及最后两段出现的What actually happens is that...可知, 作者用两个具体例子来论证说明以上论点, 故选A项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段的The magician is a specially trained actor.可知, 表演魔术需要练习, 其他选项在原文中未体现, 故选C项。
7.答案：1-4 DDCB
解析： 1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的some bad news that prevents your enthusiastic imagination可知, 坏消息阻碍想象力, 结合...you couldn't possibly come up with anything inventive in this mood.可知, 在坏情绪影响下, 很难想出任何有创意的东西。由此可推知, 第一段的写作目的是阐明情绪是如何影响你的创造力的, 故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的Both positive and negative moods can lead to two different kinds of creativity that benefit different tasks.及Research shows that the key factor influencing our creativity is not our mood itself...our work.可知, 作者认为积极和消极的情绪能产生不同的创造力, 并陈述研究结论说明影响创造力的关键不在于情绪本身, 由此可推知, 作者对消极情绪的态度是客观的, 故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的They report experiencing very strong emotions more frequently than less creative people...可知, They指代highly creative people, 也就是说, 具有高度创造性的人比缺乏创造力的人更频繁地经历强烈的情绪, 由此可知, 强烈的情绪在创造性中发挥重要作用, 故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段关键句...but the strength of our feelings and the motivation behind our work.以及最后一段内容可知, 高度创造性的人有强烈的情绪并且更愿意体验这些情绪, 他们的态度是积极的, 由此可推知, 不管处于什么情绪, 只要我们能积极面对内心的感受, 就可以变得更有创造力, 故选B项。
8.答案：1-4 CACC
解析： 1.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的Over 400 human footprints preserved in volcanic sediment provide a sign of social life among ancient hunter-gatherers.可知, 火山沉积物中保存的400多个人类脚印是古代狩猎采集者的社会生活的标志, 并结合画线词所在句可知, 在坦桑尼亚北部发现的某些东西, 丰富了非洲最大的古代人类脚印收藏。由此可推知, 画线词impressions指人类或其他生物留下的脚印等痕迹, 故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的The women may have been searching for foods while a few males visited or accompanied them, the researchers infer.可知, 这些女性寻找食物时会有男性陪伴, 由此可推知, 古代人外出狩猎应该是经过一定计划和组织的, 故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Other footprint sites present especially promising opportunities for studying ancient behavior, he says.可知, 这些足迹遗址为进一步研究古代人类行为提供了一个很好的机会, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。本文介绍了一个研究团队对坦桑尼亚北部发现的足迹中隐藏的人类社会行为的分析研究成果, 这些足迹将有助于研究古代人类社会行为以及石器时代的捕猎行为。由此可推知, C项"古代人类的脚印告诉我们什么"为最佳标题, 故选C项。
9.答案：1-4 BCDA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的But as they have dropped in price more people have begun to use them. Rescue workers and farmers are among the new users.可知, 救援人员和农民开始使用无人机是因为无人机的价格下降了, 故选B项。
2.细节理解题。由题干中的Romain Faroux定位至第三段, 由该段的...a small drone that could be controlled by people on the ground. They called it "Agridrone". It uses a special "optical sensor" to examine crops.可知, 罗曼•法鲁的公司研发的无人机利用"光学传感器"帮助农民检测庄稼, 故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中的The sensor on the drone records four different-colored "bands" of sunlight that are reflected off the crops.可知, 无人机上的传感器能记录农作物反射的阳光, 故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Romain Faroux says farmers use information...and reduces pollution.可知, 农民利用农业无人机收集的信息, 只在需要化肥的地方施肥, 这减少了污染, 很环保, 故选A项。
10.答案：1-4 CACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But an extreme hands-on approach can have devastating consequences when it comes to a child's mental health.可知, 这种极端的教育方式对儿童的心理健康有害, 故选C项。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的this extreme case illustrates the temptation many feel to take control of their kids' lives可知, 许多人意欲控制自己孩子的生话, 画线词bribe与temptation语义一致, 在此处意为"诱惑; 诱哄", 即诱哄自己的孩子进入精英学校, 故选A项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的We suggest parents think of themselves as consultants...以及He advises parents to encourage their kids...可知, 作者是在给父母提供建议, 故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其根据最后一段的关键词consultants, understand, encourage可知, 专家建议父母把自己当作孩子的顾问, 理解并鼓励孩子, 放弃对孩子生活的控制; B项"做孩子的顾问而非管理者"为最佳标题, 故选B项。
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