新高考英语二轮复习课时练第2部分完形填空与语法填空专题4第1 有提示词类动词 (含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第2部分完形填空与语法填空专题4第1 有提示词类动词 (含解析)，共24页。


语法填空可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种考查方式。一般情况下，七个小题为有提示词类，常考查动词、名词、代词、形容词和副词；三个小题为无提示词类，常考查介词、冠词、连词和代词。所以在复习备考中，我们要准确掌握以上词类的用法，才能巧解和破解语法填空题。
第1讲 有提示词类——动词
动词一般考查谓语动词、非谓语动词和动词的词性转换。看到一个句子后，首先要确定其是用谓语动词还是用非谓语动词，然后再根据句意和相应的技法确定谓语动词或非谓语动词的具体形式。如果判断发现此空既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，那就应该考虑动词的词性转换了。
考点一 谓语动词的考查
技法一 如何确定是否作谓语
技法二 如何确定谓语动词的时态
技法三 如何确定谓语动词的语态
注意 不同时态的被动语态的构成
技法四 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)
注意 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数形式。What the schl needs are qualified teachers.
考点二 非谓语动词的考查
技法一 如何确定是非谓语动词
典例展示 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
56． (cver) an area abut three times 57.the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park，the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，知不是并列句，也没有从属连词，知不是复合句，可以确定此句是简单句；此句话已经有了谓语动词will be，所以该空应填非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是the GPNP，它们是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式；此空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Cvering。
技法二 如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词
注意 it充当形式主语，常见的动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型：
(1)It is/was＋形容词(fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.
(2)It is n use/gd ding sth.
(3)It takes sb.sme time t d sth.
(4)It’s wrthwhile t d/ding sth.
技法三 如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词
注意 常见的带介词t的短语：be/get used t习惯于；stick t坚持；bject t/be ppsed t反对；lead t导致；devte t献身于；be sentenced t被判处……(徒刑)；when it cmes t当提及；lk frward t盼望；add t加上；get dwn t着手做；be addicted t对……上瘾；be/get accustmed t习惯于；adjust t/adapt neself t适应等。
技法四 如何确定作宾语补足语的非谓语动词
技法五 如何确定作定语的非谓语动词
技法六 如何确定作状语的非谓语动词
考点三 动词的词性转换的考查
如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名词。常见的动词变名词的后缀有以下几种。
1．(2021·全国乙)It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme educated abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics，and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the develpment(develp) f the lcal areas.
2．(2022·全国甲)Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad，in rder t prmte envirnmental prtectin(prtect)．
3．Bing Dwen Dwen，a panda cub dressed in a full-bdy ice shell，has becme a majr attractin f the Winter Olympics，winning the hearts f athletes，pliticians，media and audiences ver the glbe with its chubby(圆胖的) appearance(appear)．
4．A pssible winner(win) fr “Best Pun” might shw Peter Rabbit，the character frm The Tale f Peter Rabbit，with a tail made f marshmallw fluff(棉花糖)．
5．Rainfrests have their wn perfect system fr ensuring their wn survival(survive)．
Grup 1 达标练
1．Evan is a wildlife phtgrapher.Once，tw tigers ran(run) past him，stpped a meter away frm his truck and began t fight.
2．The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and vlunteers in the UK have cllected(cllect) mre than 50,000 bags f litter in streets and parks up t nw.
3．Many schls rganise events in September t tidy(tidy) up their areas.
4．Parents these days seem t prtect their children mre than ever befre.And yet the truth is that children must be given(give) the pprtunity t take risks in rder t aid their develpment (develp)．
5．As much as artistic appreciatin，physical fitness and recreatin，calligraphy is becming (becme) a part f life amng many Chinese peple.Therefre，anther Glden Age f Chinese calligraphy is cming.
6．Yu might like hlding a dr pen fr peple r visiting(visit) lnely elderly peple in nursing hmes.
7．T find(find) ut if yu have what it takes t be a “cat whisperer”，take the fun cat faces quiz created(create) by the study’s researchers.
8．Besides，what distinguishes us frm animals is(be) that we knw we need t explre.
9．With mre rural residents spending(spend) time n leisure activities，the turism market and travel cmpanies will embrace(拥抱) new grwth in the future.
10．Befre it was brught t New Zealand abut a century ag and became wrld-renwned as kiwifruit，this humble fruit had been planted(plant) as “Chinese gseberry” fr almst 1,500 years.
Grup 2 真题练
1．“ can help t build a cmmunity with a shared(share) future fr mankind，” he said.(2022·全国乙)
2．The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were(be) previusly unprtected，bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase(increase) effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
3．But Cbb and thers are(be) nw questining that idea—pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and changing (change) their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.(2022·浙江1月)
4．He flew 4,700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept.20，planning(plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.(2022·全国甲)
5．There has been(be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years，caused(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures，accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.(2021·北京)
6．I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage，thinking(think) it is fd.
(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ)
7．Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it was(be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
8．Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain，still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur aching(ache) legs.
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
9．It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered(cnsider) healthy.(2021·浙江1月)
10．In 1985，urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries studied(study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月)
A
(2022·福建龙岩一模)
Chinese taiknauts，Zhai Zhigang，Wang Yaping，and Ye Guangfu，cnducted the science lecture 400 kilmeters abve Earth.They interacted with students frm five classrms acrss China and shwed viewers 1. they live and wrk inside the space statin.
When 2. (reply) t a Hng Kng student’s questin abut water，Wang explained that the water they drink 3. (recycle)，nting that there is n difference in taste 4. regular water and recycled water and every drp f water is made full use f there.In an experiment，she created a water film using a metal ring and a bag 5. (fill) with water.Then she placed n the water film a paper flwer bud(花蕾) prepared by her daughter and her befre the jurney.The bud turned arund 6. (magical) n the film and “blssmed”．
Zhai 7. (intrduce) the “penguin jumpsuit” Ye was wearing during the class.The suit has multiple flexible bands inside t help the astrnauts maintain their muscle 8. (strng)．
Ye demnstrated experiments related t cell grwth in the 9. (weight) envirnment in space.They cmpared 10. grwth and shape f cells in artificial gravity and zer-gravity t study their changing rules and mechanisms.
1．答案 hw
解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词hw来引导。故填hw。
2．答案 replying
解析 考查非谓语动词。该空动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语Wang，与其是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填replying。
3．答案 is recycled
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，recycle与其逻辑主语the water之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语the water是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填is recycled。
4．答案 between
解析 考查介词。为固定搭配，意为“在……与……之间”。故填between。
5．答案 filled
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知， (fill) with water作后置定语，修饰名词bag，因此空处应用非谓语动词，fill与其逻辑主语bag之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填filled。
6．答案 magically
解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，提示词修饰动词短语turned arund，应填副词形式magically，意为“神奇地”。
7．答案 intrduced
解析 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，intrduce是句中谓语动词，与主语Zhai之间是主动关系，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填intrduced。
8．答案 strength
解析 考查名词。根据空格前形容词性物主代词their可知，应填入名词strength构成名词词组muscle strength作宾语，意为“肌肉强度”。
9．答案 weightless
解析 考查形容词。根据句意可知，提示词作定语修饰名词envirnment，应用形容词形式，结合常识，此处表示“失重的环境”。故填weightless。
10．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。句中指人工重力和零重力条件下细胞的“生长和形状”，表特指，用定冠词。故填the。
B
(2022·陕西西安模拟)
If yu 1. (see) a piece f CNY 20 befre，yu may have an impressin f the back picture f it.Reputed as the mst beautiful landscape in China，Guilin scenery is nt just wrth CNY 20 nly.
The crystal Li River turns arund in Xingping Ancient Twn.S the highlight is emerged here.Mst peple may think the sunny day is the best weather fr catching phts.But in Li River，it is nt！2. (bury) yurself in this picturesque scenery，yu shuld frget that yu have t wear a raincat.If yu are lucky enugh t have a bamb rafting frm Yangdi t Xingping n a fggy day，yu will catch the best mment f yur life.
The weather n the river is 3. (change)，ne minute is fine 4. the next minute will be rain.At this time，nly layut f the hills can 5. (spt)．The shape f hills is blur，and the river in my eyes is green.Even if yu are just a persn withut rich 6. (imagine)，yu can draw a picture in yur mind immediately.The landscape f Guilin is even better than 7. f a fairy tale.
The representative f Li River scenery may 8. (prbable) be the “Nine Hrses Painted Hill”．T find ut the nine hrses in different pses n the wall is always the jy fr peple 9. hliday.It is said that if yu can cunt the hrses frm the first t the 10. (nine)，yu will be rich and intelligent in the future.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇散文。文章主要描述了桂林的美丽风景。)
1．答案 have seen
解析 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处动词作谓语，根据时间状语befre以及语境，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时，从句主语是yu。故填have seen。
2．答案 T bury
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，且动词bury和其逻辑主语yu之间是主动关系，应该用t d形式。故填T bury。
3．答案 changeable
解析 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作be动词的表语。故填changeable。
4．答案 while
解析 考查连词。根据句意可知，前一分钟晴好，下一分钟又下雨，此处表示对比，应用连词while连接句子。故填while。
5．答案 be sptted
解析 考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语layut f the hills与动词spt是被动关系，且设空处位于情态动词can后面。故填be sptted。
6．答案 imaginatin
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，rich是形容词，修饰名词，设空处应该填名词形式作介词withut的宾语，且名词imaginatin“想象力”，是不可数名词。故填imaginatin。
7．答案 that
解析 考查指示代词。此处指代前文提到的“The landscape”，应该用that。故填that。
8．答案 prbably
解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用副词形式修饰谓语。故填prbably。
9．答案 n
解析 考查介词。n hliday表示“在度假”，是固定搭配。故填n。
10．答案 ninth
解析 考查序数词。分析句子结构可知，此处和前文the first并列，应该用序数词。故填ninth。
强化练(二十八) 语法填空(1)
A
(2022·安徽马鞍山三模)
With five thusand years f creative effrts，the Chinese cuisine has becme increasingly ppular.Mdern China enjys a wrldwide reputatin as the “kingdm f cuisine”．
The endless variety f natural materials 1. methds f preparatin emplyed in Chinese cuisine stand ut unequaled in the wrld，which may accunt fr the 2. (universe) ppularity f Chinese restaurants and cking verseas.The three key elements，by 3. Chinese cking is judged，are knwn as “clr，arma and taste”．They are achieved by cmbining a series f delicate 4. (activity)．
Visitrs t China are ften surprised when a typical dinner fr a table f eight peple 5.______ (cnsist) f cld and ht dishes，with sup and steamed rice.Often beer and wine 6. (serve) as well.When tasting each ther，peple usually dry up their glasses 7. (cnvey) the message that they are sincere and jyful.8. ，it is quite acceptable fr a freign guest t take a little instead f emptying the glass.While the custm strikes a freign visitr as 9. (particular) strange，it shws ne key aspect that fine fd and gd drink,10. (take) in the cmpany f gd friends，make up ne f ur supreme pleasures in life.
1．答案 and
解析 考查连词。“The endless variety f natural materials”以及空后的“methds f preparatin emplyed in Chinese cuisine”共同担当了本句的主语，为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填and。
2．答案 universal
解析 考查形容词。修饰名词ppularity，用形容词形式。故填universal。
3．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。句中先行词为“The three key elements”，在非限制性定语从句中担当介词by的宾语，只能用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．答案 activities
解析 考查名词复数。根据上文的a series f可知，其后名词为可数名词的复数形式。故填activities。
5．答案 cnsists
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的“are ften surprised”可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为a typical dinner，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；动词短语cnsist f无被动语态。故填cnsists。
6．答案 are served
解析 考查时态和语态。根据ften可知，本句为一般现在时；主语为beer and wine，视作复数，且和动词serve之间存在被动关系。所以空处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填are served。
7．答案 t cnvey
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。故填t cnvey。
8．答案 Hwever/Nevertheless
解析 考查副词。根据句意可知，上下文存在转折关系，且出现在句首，首字母要大写。故填Hwever/Nevertheless。
9．答案 particularly
解析 考查副词。修饰形容词strange用副词形式。故填particularly。
10．答案 taken
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。句中主语fine fd and gd drink与take之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填taken。
B
The impact f pandemic(流行病) n life expectancy(预期寿命)，ne f the mst widely used standards t assess ppulatin health，was assessed by a study 1. (publish) in the Infrmatinal Jurnal f Epidemilgy.The study 2. (cnduct) by the Oxfrd University’s Leverhulme Centre fr Demgraphic(人口的) Science.
The study revealed that wmen frm 15 cuntries and men frm 10 ended up 3. a lwer life expectancy at birth in 2020 cmpared t 2015.4. biggest drps in life expectancy，hwever，were witnessed in men instead f wmen in mst cuntries.American men were the wrst ff，with 2.2 years shaved ff their life expectancy at birth.Men in Lithuania faced the secnd 5. (large) impact n their life expectancy，with a cut f 1.7 years.
Reductins in life expectancy verall 6. (ccur) in 27 f the 29 cuntries analyzed by the study.Only men and wmen in Denmark and Nrway and wmen in Finland managed t 7. (successful) avid drps in life expectancy，the study said.Nn-pharmaceutical interventins and strng healthcare systems in these cuntries were cited as 8. (factr) that culd help explain this.
All the cuntries 9. life expectancy drpped had taken an average f 5－6 years 10. (achieve)．Just a ne-year increase in life expectancy.The pandemic wiped ut f this prgress，the study said.
1．答案 published
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“was assessed”，空格处是非谓语动词，study和publish是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填published。
2．答案 was cnducted
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由上文可知，这个研究是过去进行的，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“The study”是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填was cnducted。
3．答案 with
解析 考查介词。end up with是固定短语，意为“以……结束/告终”。故填with。
4．答案 The
解析 考查定冠词。biggest是最高级，前面用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写，故填The。
5．答案 largest
解析 考查形容词最高级。the secnd后跟最高级，the secnd largest意为“第二大”，故填largest。
6．答案 ccurred
解析 考查动词时态。通篇时态是一般过去时，因此空格处用过去时。故填ccurred。
7．答案 successfully
解析 考查副词。空格处用副词修饰动词avid，故填successfully。
8．答案 factrs
解析 考查名词复数。“Nn-pharmaceutical interventins and strng healthcare systems”是复数，factr意为“因素”，为可数名词。故填factrs。
9．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词cuntries在从句中作地点状语，因此空格处填关系副词where。
10．答案 t achieve
解析 考查非谓语动词。“it takes/tk sb.sme time t d sth.”是固定句型，意为“某人花时间做某事”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。空格处所在句子是此固定句型的变形，因此空格处用不定式。故填t achieve。
C
(2022·江西赣州一模)
Happiness des nt appear t be assciated with age，gender，race，r gegraphical lcatin.Instead，it 1. (relate) t the feeling yu have when yu are self-satisfied.Researchers have fund that happy peple tend t be 2. (energy)，decisive，flexible，creative，and sciable and tend t lk at the brighter side f life，and are mre willing t help thse in need.Furthermre，happy peple have high self-esteem and a sense f persnal cntrl，are ptimistic，and enjy scial supprt—that is，they have a large circle f friends and ften engage in rewarding scial 3. (activity)．An imprtant factr 4. (affect) happiness is the tendency t cmpare ne’s situatin with 5. f ther peple.If yu feel that yu are struggling t make ends meet while everyne arund yu 6. (appear) t be living in cmfrt and 7. (secure)，yu will feel less jy and mre stress.Indeed，surveys have shwn that perceived wealth matters mre than abslute wealth.8. David G．Myers，a leader f the field f happiness research，pints ut，“Actual incme desn’t much influence happiness; hw satisfied we are 9. ur incme des.If we’re cntent with ur incme，regardless f hw much it is，we’re likely t say we’re happy.10. (put) it anther way，’Satisfactin isn’t s much getting what yu want as wanting what yu have’．”
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释快乐与什么因素有关及原因。)
1．答案 is related
解析 考查时态及固定搭配。此句描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。根据句意可知，此处考查短语be related t...，表示“与……有关”。主语it是单数，故填is related。
2．答案 energetic
解析 考查形容词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词形式，作表语。故填energetic。
3．答案 activities
解析 考查名词复数。根据句意可知，此处泛指各种“社交活动”，activity意为“活动”，为可数名词，故填activities。
4．答案 affecting
解析 考查现在分词。根据句意及句子结构可知，factr与affect是主谓关系，故用现在分词，作后置定语，修饰An imprtant factr，故填affecting。
5．答案 that
解析 考查代词。根据句意可知，此句是将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比较，此处指同类异物，特指，故用代词that指代situatin，故填that。
6．答案 appears
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，提示词是分句谓语动词，本文的时态是一般现在时，主语everyne是单数，故谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，故填appears。
7．答案 security
解析 考查名词。根据并列连词and可知，并列成分的词性需一致，故此处应填名词作宾语。故填security。
8．答案 As
解析 考查连词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填as，表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句。置于句首，首字母大写，故填As。
9．答案 with
解析 考查介词。短语be satisfied with意为“对……满意”，故填with。
10．答案 T put
解析 考查不定式及固定搭配。t put it anther way是固定搭配，意为“换句话说”。置于句首，开头首字母应大写，故填T put。
D
(2022·陕西榆林三模)
Whever has ever been t a Chinese restaurant may have experienced 1. unique set f utensils(餐具)．Instead f a frk，yu may have been handed tw lng 2. (stick)．What are we talking abut? Chpsticks，f curse! Experts believe they riginated in China.Chpsticks 3.______________(be) arund fr ver 5,000 years.Fr example，a pair f brnze chpsticks frm 1200 BCE has been fund in China.Experts believe the earliest chpsticks were likely used t stir a fire r serve fd during 4. (ck)．
Chpsticks yu get in a Chinese restaurant are 5. (usual) made f wd.Hwever，they are als cmmnly made f bamb.Yu can als find chpsticks 6. (make) ut f metal and bne.In China，chpsticks are called kuaizi，7. is a wrd made up f characters meaning quick and “bamb”．The English wrd “chpsticks” may cme 8. a cmmn phrase that means “quickly chp”．
Chpsticks 9. (mean) t be useful but difficult t handle.They are held by the main hand and used t pick up fd.It takes a bit f practice 10. (feel) cmfrtable when yu use chpsticks t eat.With a little wrk，yu’ll be eating with chpsticks in n time.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统餐具“筷子”。)
1．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。a set f为固定搭配，意为“一套……”，unique是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
2．答案 sticks
解析 考查名词复数。名词stick(棍子)是可数名词，前边有tw修饰，所以要用复数形式。故填sticks。
3．答案 have been
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。时间状语fr ver 5,000 years 用于现在完成时态；主语是复数名词Chpsticks，故填have been。
4．答案 cking
解析 考查名词。介词during后要接名词作宾语，cking“烹饪”，不可数名词，故填cking。
5．答案 usually
解析 考查副词。此处用副词usually作状语，修饰谓语动词are made f。故填usually。
6．答案 made
解析 考查过去分词。此处用过去分词made作宾语补足语，与宾语chpsticks在逻辑上是被动关系。故填made。
7．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。本句用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是kuaizi，关系代词在从句中作主语。故填which。
8．答案 frm
解析 考查介词。固定短语cme frm...意为“来自……”，故填frm。
9．答案 are meant
解析 考查动词时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。固定短语be meant t 意思是“公认，应该”，在本句中作谓语，说的是一般状况，所以要用一般现在时态；而主语是复数名词Chpsticks，故填are meant。
10．答案 t feel
解析 考查不定式。句中it是形式主语，不定式短语t feel cmfrtable是真正的主语。故填t feel。年份
卷别
体裁
话题
短文词数
有提示词
无提示词
谓语动词
非谓语动词
词性转换
名词
代词
比较等级
冠词
介词
连词
代词
副词
限定词
2022
全国
乙卷
说明文
第一个国际
茶日
230
1
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
全国
甲卷
记叙文
徒步
旅行
230
1
3
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
新高考
全国
Ⅰ卷
说明文
GPNP计划
225
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
2021
全国
乙卷
说明文
生态
旅游
198
0
2
3
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
全国
甲卷
记叙文
游览
西安
古城墙
176
2
2
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
新高考
全国
Ⅰ卷
记叙文
游览
黄山
201
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
2020
全国
Ⅰ卷
说明文
中国无人探测器登月成功
210
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
全国
Ⅱ卷
说明文
新年
装饰物
的美好
寓意
205
1
3
3
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
全国
Ⅲ卷
记叙文
自然
母亲
229
2
2
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
新高考
全国
Ⅰ卷
说明文
博物馆相关
知识
204
3
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
技法指导：句子结构分析法
典例展示
1.分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主句和从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
注意
1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP 60. (design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) f natural ecsystems，preserving bilgical diversity，prtecting eclgical buffer znes,61.and leaving behind precius natural assets(资产) fr future generatins”．
分析句子结构可知，此句虽长，却是一个简单句。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
解题思路
技法点拨
针对训练
1.慧眼识别标志词
认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1)看到ften，usually，always，every time，smetimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the ther day，tw days ag，一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
(3)看到tmrrw，next year，in a week，in the future，sn等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到at this mment，at present，nw等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，s far/up t nw，fr＋时间段，ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then，by the end f...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
1.Every time I g hme t see my father，he ften fishes(fish) in the river near ur village.
2.Qizai was fund(find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Muntains.
3.The exam results will be put(put) up tmrrw afternn.Please wait patiently.
4.The twins are helping(help) their mther d the husewrk at this mment.
5.(2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Ca has walked(walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents，and in 2016，he reached the tp f Kilimanjar，Africa’s highest muntain.
6.By abut 6000 BC，peple had discvered(discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise.
2.瞻前顾后找并列
(1)可根据并列连词and，but，r，rather than，，nt als...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
7.There，he nt nly did well as a student but als became(becme) an accmplished public speaker.
8.The elephants invaded farms，visited(visit) a car dealership and even shwed up at a retirement hme.
3.通过“常 用句式”法
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：
(1)was/were ding sth.when
(2)had (just) dne sth.when＋一般过去时
(3)This/It/That is the that sb.have/has dne...
(4)This/It/That was the that sb.had dne...
(5)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6)It’s (high) time d sth.
9.I was driving(drive) dwn t Lndn when I suddenly fund that I was n the wrng rad.
10.This marks the first time that categrical rhythm has been fund(find) in a nnhuman mammal.
11.I say t him with a cheerful smile，“G t exercise and yu will feel(feel) better.”
12.Therefre，it is high time that we tk/shuld take(take) effective measures t imprve the current situatin.
4.通过“语境暗示”法
分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
13.The wrd “thermplium” literally meant “a place where smething ht is sld(sell)” at that time.
解题思路
技法点拨
针对训练
1.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词，不同形式的被动语态的结构见下面的【注意】。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
1.On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we were invited (invite) t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre.
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ)Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it means we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed(cnstruct)．”
3.(2022·河南许平汝联盟三模)Rather，it is seen(see) as a typical reactin t the grwing awareness f the prblems that can result frm climate change and ther glbal threats.
2.牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构
(1)当feel，lk，smell，taste，sund等后面接形容词时；
(2)当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；
(3)当break ut，take place，shut ff，turn ff，wrk ut等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。
4.There are many flwers in the garden，which smell (smell) s sweet that they attract many butterflies.
5.The cat yu bught fr me is made f a kind f clth washing(wash) easily.
6.Great changes have taken(take) place in my hmetwn in the past ten years.
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
am/is/are dne
was/were dne
shall/will be dne
shuld/wuld be dne
进行
am/is/are being dne
was/were being dne
—
—
完成
have/has been dne
had been dne
shall/will have been dne
shuld/wuld have been dne
含有情态动词
情态动词＋be＋dne
解题原则
技法点拨
针对训练
1.语法一致原则
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，tgether with，as well as，like，but，except，alng with，rather than，including，in additin t等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(3)and，连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
(5)“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
1.(2022·浙江1月)Travelling t cnferences，lectures，wrkshps，and the like—frequently by plane—is viewed/has been viewed(view) as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin.
2.(2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as her brthers，was given(give) a warm welcme when returning t the village last week.
3.The pet and writer has(have) prduced many wrks，sme f which have been translated int freign languages.
4.My friend shwed me arund the twn，which was(be) very attractive.
5.Many a parent has(have) had t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
2.就近一致原则
(1)由r，，，nt (als)．..，等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
6.Nt nly the students but als their teacher was(be) mved deeply by the mving stry.
7.(2022·陕西咸阳模拟)Even thugh there are(be) mre pprtunities t g ut and d fun things in the city，it may take fcus away frm yur studies.
3.意义一致原则
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，grup等。
(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者sme，a part f等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
8.The class were(be) ding experiment when the teacher came in.
9.The sick have been cured and the lst have been fund.(have)
10.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Often，nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin is(be) n display.Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
非谓语动词作主语
1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是不具体的抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。
2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型，常见句型见下面的【注意】。
1.Carrying(carry) a large quantity f cash culd put the wner in danger as rbberies quite ften happened alng the way.
2.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On ur way t the huse，it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get(get) there.
3.(2021·全国甲)It is pssible t walk(walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
非谓语动词作表语
1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”。
2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。
3.过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到……的”。
4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。
4.The day is t celebrate (celebrate) the imprtance and rle f philsphy in ur lives.
5.(2018·全国Ⅲ)I quickly lwer myself，ducking my head t avid lking directly int his eyes s he desn’t feel challenged(challenge).
6.Biprinting may be a relatively new field but the results s far are encuraging(encurage).
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
作介词的宾语
1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后一定跟动名词作宾语。
2.带介词t的短语后也跟动名词作宾语。常见的带介词t的短语见下面的【注意】。
3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词d时，不定式要省略t。
1.Sme say it is necessary fr graduates t spend mney in prducing (prduce) embellished resumes and buying suitable clthes.
2.I wn’t call myself the mst accmplished persn when it cmes t hlding (hld) chpsticks.
3.The windws were never pened except t air(air) the rm fr a few minutes.
只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语
avid，advise，appreciate，allw，admit，cnsider(考虑)，deny，delay，enjy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，permit，practice，quit，risk，suggest，give up，be wrth，put ff，insist n，keep n，succeed in等。
4.Practicestaying(stay) highly aware f yur breath，yur presence，and yur thughts，and yu will be cmpletely yurself.
5.Yu may enjy using it t d research fr a schl prject，dwnlading(dwnlad) yur favrite sngs r cmmunicating with friends and family.
只能跟不定式作宾语的动词
agree，arrange，aim，affrd，chse，demand，decide，determine，desire，expect，fail，hpe，lng(渴望)，learn，manage，ffer，pretend，plan，prmise，prepare，refuse，want，wish等。
6.(2022·浙江1月)That apprach brught Cbb’s air travel last year dwn by 75%，and she plans t cntinue(cntinue) the practice.
既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词短语
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(mean t d sth.打算做某事,mean ding sth.意味着做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(frget t d sth.忘记去做某事,frget ding sth.忘记做过某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(remember t d sth.记得去做某事,remember ding sth.记得做过某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(regret t d sth.遗憾要做某事,regret ding sth.后悔做过某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(can't help ding sth.忍不住做某事,can't help t d sth.不能帮忙做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(stp t d sth.停下来去做某事,stp ding sth.停止做某事))
eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(try t d sth.尽力去做某事,try ding sth.试着做某事))
7.(2018·天津)I didn’t mean t eat(eat) anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help trying(try) it.
8.(2018·浙江)I still remember visiting(visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
现在分词作宾补
表示主动和正在进行用ding。常跟ding作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，ntice，bserve；使役动词get，have；其他动词catch，find，keep，leave等。
1.(2020·全国Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds surrunding(surrund) the muntain tps，he was reduced t tears.
过去分词作宾补
表示被动和完成用dne。常跟dne作宾补的动词有感官动词feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，ntice，bserve；使役动词get，have，make；其他动词find，keep，leave等。
2.(2022·四川绵阳诊断)Mst f these individuals are senir citizens in search f new friends and activities t keep themselves ccupied(ccupy).
不定式作宾补
1.常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：advise，allw，appint，cause，challenge，rder，cmmand，permit，encurage，expect，drive，enable，frbid，frce，inspire，instruct，invite，persuade，warn等。
2.常跟不带t的不定式作宾补的动词或短语有感官动词feel，hear，listen t，see，lk at，watch，ntice，bserve；使役动词let，have，make等。但在变为被动语态时需要加上t。
3.(2020·浙江1月)Smething significant is happening t the wrld ppulatin—it is aging.The median(中间的) age f an American in 1950 was 30—tday it is 41 and is expected t increase(increase) t 42 by 2050.
4.My wallet was seen t drp(drp) by a girl when she passed by.
with复合结构中的宾语补足语
在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下：
with＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ding(表示主动、进行),dne(表示被动、完成),t d(表示未做)))
5.(2022·福建泉州质检)With the new snw seasn beginning(begin) in China，enthusiastic skiers and snwbarders have been eager t get back n the slpes.
6.He sat in my rm fr a few minutes with his eyes fixed(fix) n the pster n the wall.
7.With s many peple t help(help) us，we are cnfident that we can finish the task n time.
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
动词-ing形式作定语
1.动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行。
2.若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being dne 结构。
3.表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
1.(2022·河南洛阳期末)On the flight heading(head) hme，Meng expressed her thanks t the cuntry.
2.The tall building being built(build) nw is ur new schl.
动词-ed形式作定语
1.动词-ed形式作定语表示被动、完成。
2.动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的名词，如：lk，expressin，face，vice等。
3.(2022·全国甲)Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin held(hld) in Beijing，Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute(致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
不定式
作定语
1.由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。
2.由the nly，the just，the next等修饰的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。
3.以下名词ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，ptential，way，right，time，wish，decisin等和代词smething，anything，nthing等后常用不定式作定语。
4.若表示被动且将要发生的动作用t be dne 结构。
4.(2022·全国甲)A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days t Xi’an，as a first step t jurney(jurney) the Belt and Rad rute(路线) by ft.
5.Nbdy expected a shrtage f stuffed pandas when China wn the rights t hst(hst) the 2022 Winter Olympics.
6.We are having a meeting in half an hur.The decisin t be made(make) at the meeting will influence the future f ur cmpany.
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
动词-ing形式作状语
1.句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为主动关系。
2.表示自然而然的意料之中的结果用-ing形式作状语。
3.如果分词的动作早于谓语动词发生，则该分词要用having dne形式。
1.(2022·全国乙)T strengthen the cnnectin with yung peple，the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media，inviting(invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
2.Having lst(lse) all my ld friends，I felt lnely and shy at my new schl.
动词-ed形式作状语
句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词为被动关系。
3.Attracted(attract) by the beauty f nature，he decided t spend anther tw days in the village.
不定式作状语
1.不定式可以用作目的状语。
2.nly t d sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
3.形容词作表语时，后接不定式作状语表原因。
4.“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋t d”句式中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
4.He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin，nly t find(find) the early train had gne.
5.(2019·全国Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s，and are expensive t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
独立主格作状语
若句子的主语不是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，且在该词前有自己的主语，就构成了独立主格结构，常见的形式有：n./prn.＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ding(表示主动、进行),dne(表示被动、完成),t d(表示未做)))
6.Weather permitting(permit)，we are ging t have a picnic.
7.The president sht(sht) t death，the whle cuntry was in deep srrw.
独立成分作状语
有的非谓语动词作状语不需要判断与逻辑主语的关系，为独立成分作状语，常见的形式有：generally speaking一般来说
judging by/frm...根据……来判断
cnsidering...考虑到……
t tell yu the truth说实话
given...考虑到……
cmpared with/t与……相比较
8.Judging(judge) frm what he said，he was nt satisfied with the result.
9.Given(give) yur health，yu’d better resign frm the cmpany and g t the seaside t relax yurself.
常见后缀
例词
-ment
develpment，achievement，argument，mvement，amazement 等
-in/-atin
relatin，addictin，intentin，determinatin，transprtatin，cmmunicatin等
-ing
meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing 等
-er/-r/-ar
waiter，travel(l)er，farmer，wrker，teacher，reprter，sailr，survivr，liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence
assistance，imprtance，perfrmance，existence，acceptance等
-al
survival，arrival，apprval，refusal，prpsal 等
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