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新高考英语二轮复习课时练第2部分完形填空与语法填空专题4第4 无提示词类连词 (含解析)
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这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课时练第2部分完形填空与语法填空专题4第4 无提示词类连词 (含解析)，共25页。
第4讲 无提示词类——连词
对连词的考查涉及并列句、名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句等，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。做题时要认真分析句子成分，如果发现两个句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或者因果关系，则要填并列连词；如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据连词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个。
技法一 如何确定并列连词
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
并列连词
分析关系
1.表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...等。
2.表 示 选 择 关 系 的 有：or，either...or...，not...but...等。3.表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。
4.表示因果关系的有：so，for等。
1.Only a few primate species sing，so they are precious resources in our search for the evolutionary origins of human musicality.
2.He didn’t receive an award for his honesty but he did go from litter to glitter (闪光) in just one week.
3.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”．
固定句型
1.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”
2.be doing...when...
3.be about to do...when...
4.be on the point of doing...when...
5.had just done...when...
4.We were sleeping when we heard the dog barking crazily outside.
5.Work more efficiently and you will have more time for the rest and relaxation.
6.Get down to your work at once or you will be fired.
技法二 如何确定定语从句的关系词
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
关系代词
1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可以用关系词that或who。
2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以用关系词that或whom或who，也可以不填。
3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词whose。
5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。
6.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时，可以用关系词as或which。as译为“正如”；which译为“这一点，这件事”，表明事物的状态或结果。
1.He later set up China’s first draft bank，Rishengchang，which later had 35 branches across the country.
2.(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
3.And the most popular of all is an 8-inch-tall stuffed animal version of the Beijing Olympics mascot—Bing Dwen Dwen，a rotund panda whose suit is made of ice.
4.(2020·天津改编)As is described in paragraph 4，taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
关系副词
先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系词when，where或why。
注意 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
5.She added that the area where they lived had seen major “habitat loss” linked to agricultural expansion.
6. (2022·陕西渭南二模)In most Chinese tea villages，March is the time of year when locals start to pick and process tea.
介词＋关系词
1.关系词依据先行词来确定，如果先行词指人，用whom；如果先行词指物，用which；如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在从句中作定语，则用whose。
2.介词根据以下原则来确定：
(1)与先行词的搭配；
(2)与从句谓语的搭配；
(3)逻辑关系。
7.Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
8.The old lady had one son and two daughters，none of whom treated her well，which made her very sad.
9.I’d appreciate my teacher very much without whose help I couldn’t win the award.
注意 常见的只用that而不用which的情况：
(1)先行词指物是不定代词或者被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
(2)先行词指物被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
This is the only thing that we can do now.
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时，关系代词通常只用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
技法三 如何确定名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词和介词后的为宾语从句，系动词后的为表语从句，名词后的从句且对名词内容加以解释的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
从属连词that和whether/if
分析句子结构，若待填的连接词不作任何成分也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，要考虑连接词that；若表示“是否”的意思，要考虑连接词whether；if可以用于引导宾语从句。
1.(2019·全国Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.(2022·江西萍乡二检)Whether anyone actually believes in a causal relationship between eating these foods and receiving the promised benefits or not is unclear.
连接代词
分析句子结构，若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语，要用连接代词what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever等。
3.(2022·山西晋中一模)With magnificent natural scenery civilization，the tourist area lies along what may be the most charming section of the upper reaches(上游) of the Yellow River.
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
连接副词
分析句子结构，若从句缺少状语，要用连接副词where (表地点)，when (表时间)，how (表方式或程度)，why (表原因)等。
5.That is why you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life.
6.(2022·河南洛阳统考)Finally，the motto also represents a series of patterns of how countries should work together.
形式主语和形式宾语it
在名词性从句中it作形式主语或形式宾语。其用法在前面代词讲解时已经提到。
7.It is likely that FAST will help make many new Nobel-level discoveries.
8.It is warned that the pandemic could create a “lost” generation who will be affected by “lifelong” mental illnesses.
技法四 如何确定状语从句的连接词
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
状语从句的连接词
根据句意确定是什么状语从句从而确定连接词，常见的状语从句的连接词有：
1.时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until
2.条件状语从句if/unless/once
3.让步状语从句though/although/while/as
4.地点状语从句where
5.原因状语从句because/since/as
1.If a keystone species disappears，other plants and animals may die off and not grow back.
2.(2022·福建福州期末)When I got my first library card in the mid-1950s，my appreciation for the institution developed quickly.
3.(2022·安徽安庆联考)While/Although/Though it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves，that is the source of your problems and stress.
根据固定句型来确定状语从句的连接词，常见的固定句型有：
so/such...that...
not...until...
It will/won’t be＋...＋before...
It was＋...＋before...
It is some time＋since...
whether...or not...
no sooner...than...
hardly...when...
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
5.If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
6.(2021·天津改编)We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it’s at work，at home，or at school.
Group 1 达标练
1．By the time a child becomes an adult，he needs to learn how he can deal with the success and failure connected with risk-taking.
2．Lenny runs everywhere he can.Wherever he goes，he tracks his progress by using an app，such as Map MyRun or Strava.
3．The struggle to break out of the pupa(蛹) was necessary for the butterfly’s survival because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong.
4．An expert says the creatures not only would likely not have survived if ice had covered their caves，but also probably could not have survived the warmer temperatures farther from the glaciers’ edge.
5．(2022·河南大联考三模)All the countries where life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5－6 years to achieve.
6．I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.
7．Starting recycling projects in the home or community and picking up trash in the neighborhood are also what can make a difference.
8．These paintings are created by patients who/that have been hospitalized for a long time.
9．(2022·江西新余二模)After quite some time，Cheng，upon waking up，became aware that his students had been standing in the snow for a while and immediately invited them to come in.
10．(2022·陕西宝鸡模拟)These relics，dating from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qing Dynasty，included a variety of items，most of which are plates，vases and figurines.
Group 2 真题练
1．On the 1,100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.(2022·全国甲)
2．The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges.(2022·全国乙)
3．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
4．Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely；about three-quarters of the time，they agreed.(2022·浙江1月)
5．The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about where she lived.(2021·北京)
6．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from which we can learn without repeating them.(2021·天津改编)
7．What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.(2021·天津改编)
8．It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics.(2021·全国乙改编)
9．Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
(2020·天津改编)
10．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.(2020·天津改编)
A
An elephant herd 1. fascinated locals and people around the world by making a 500-kilometer trip through southwestern China finally returned home on August 12，also the 10th World Elephant Day.
The elephants traveling from their home in a mountainous area toward the city of Kunming caught 2. (globe) attention.Under the guidance of the leading elephant，the giant creatures explored forests，farms and even a 3. (retire) home.Local governments 4. (lay) food down to keep them away from populated areas.Trucks，drones(无人机)were also used 5. (monitor) the elephants and clean up roads for them to pass safely.Luckily，no other animals or humans were injured.
There are many video clips(视频) on the social media 6. (show) interesting behavior of the animals along their path.In one，two young elephants are being helped out of a ditch(沟渠) by older members of the group and in another，a baby elephant 7. (milk) by its mother.
Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and 8. drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown.“Asian elephants usually won’t leave their home range unless there are major changes to the environment，like a 9. (lose) of habitat linked to agriculture expansion，” 10. official of the World Wildlife Fund said.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一群大象经过长途跋涉穿越中国西南部最终回到了自己的家园。
1．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处指代前文的先行词An elephant herd，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
2．答案 global
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰空后的名词attention，用形容词形式。故填global。
3．答案 retirement
解析 考查名词。设空处修饰空后的名词home，说明home的用途，所以用名词作定语，表达“敬老院”之意。故填retirement。
4．答案 laid
解析 考查动词的时态。设空处在句中作谓语，结合上下文，描述过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。lay此处为“放置”的意思，故填laid。
5．答案 to monitor
解析 考查固定短语。be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”，为固定短语。故填to monitor。
6．答案 showing
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中are作谓语，设空处在句中作后置定语，与逻辑主语video clips是主动关系，用现在分词。故填showing。
7．答案 is being milked
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和前面的并列句时态一致，用现在进行时；milk与其逻辑主语a baby elephant之间是被动关系，且主语是名词单数，故填is being milked。
8．答案 what
解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表达“什么，……的事情”之意。故填what。
9．答案 loss
解析 考查名词。设空处被不定冠词a限定，用名词的单数形式。故填loss。
10．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。设空处限定空后的名词，用冠词；此处表示泛指“一位”之意，应用不定冠词，且official首字母发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
B
(2022·江西新余期末)
A three-bedroom 3D-printed farmhouse has been built in Wujiazhuang village，Zhangjiakou, 1.___________ is the co-host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics.With ceilings and walls decorated by weave patterns，Zhao Xiujuan’s house covers 2. area of 106 square meters.
When Xu Weiguo，a professor at Tsinghua University，came up with the idea of building a 3D-printed farmhouse，there was an outpouring of concern from villagers，who 3. (wonder) whether it would be strong enough.However，Zhao shrugged off 4. her fellow villagers doubted and made the work go on.The construction 5. (complete) in two weeks，with only two people on each device.
China’s 3D printing technology has been 6. (wide) used in many fields.“This technology can not only save manpower and construction costs，but also increase 7. (efficient) and quality，” Xu said，adding that it can keep the design and construction of traditional houses while 8. (create) beautiful patterns.“There are still a large number of houses and infrastructure(基础设施) 9. (build) in China in the future，” Xu said.“Intelligent technologies can solve the labor shortage problem faced by the construction industry，freeing workers 10. their heavy labor.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍河北省张家口市吴家庄村建成的一座3D打印三居室房屋，引出了3D打印技术应用于建筑领域的优点。
1．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zhangjiakou，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。名词area是以元音音素开头的名词，cover an area of为固定搭配，意为“占地面积为……”，故填an。
3．答案 wondered
解析 考查动词的时态。通读第三段可知，该段都在讲述过去的事情，所以空处应该用一般过去时态，故填wondered。
4．答案 what
解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，说明村民们担心的是什么，故填what。
5．答案 was completed
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。这里介绍的是过去发生的事情，故应该用一般过去时；complete与其逻辑主语The construction是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数形式，故填was completed。
6．答案 widely
解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语has been used，应用副词形式，故填widely。
7．答案 efficiency
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处和quality并列，作increase的宾语，应用名词形式。故填efficiency。
8．答案 creating
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为状语从句的省略，逻辑主语it与create之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填creating。
9．答案 to be built
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语，build和其逻辑主语是动宾关系，应用被动语态；另外，表示“将要建设”，需用动词不定式，故填to be built。
10．答案 from
解析 考查介词。free sb.from sth.为固定搭配，意为“将某人从……中解放出来”，故填from。
强化练(三十一) 语法填空(4)
A
(2022·陕西商洛期末)
The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-you letter to volunteer applicants who were not 1. (previous) selected，and expressed gratitude for their support in the preparation work of the Games.
The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great challenges to many aspects of the preparation work，and the committee 2. (adjust) requirements for volunteers in 3. (consider) of virus control and prevention.
“4. you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics，every applicant is an excellent promoter for the Olympic spirit and volunteerism，” the committee says in the letter.
Many applicants said they 5. (move) by the touching letter and posted their replies online.A netizen(网民) 6. (name) Joleen-kun said their application had been seen，which was something to be proud 7. as they were respected by the committee.
Another netizen Xiguali commented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the committee is warm to pay attention to details，thus 8. (send) a letter like this.
According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee，more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected，most of 9. are from colleges and 10. (university) in Beijing and Hebei Province.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请人送去的温暖。
1．答案 previously
解析 考查副词。动词selected前用副词修饰。故填previously。
2．答案 has adjusted
解析 考查时态。根据并列分句中的谓语has brought并分析句意可知，空格处应用现在完成时。故填has adjusted。
3．答案 consideration
解析 考查名词。固定短语in consideration of意为“考虑到……”。故填consideration。
4．答案 Although/Though/While
解析 考查连词。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
5．答案 were moved
解析 考查动词时态和语态。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。主语they与动词move之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were moved。
6．答案 named
解析 考查非谓语动词。名词A netizen与动词name是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
7．答案 of
解析 考查介词。固定短语be proud of意为“以……为骄傲”。故填of。
8．答案 sending
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中send与其逻辑主语the committee之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填sending。
9．答案 whom
解析 考查定语从句。句中先行词为volunteers，在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
10．答案 universities
解析 考查名词复数。连词and前是名词colleges且名词university为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填universities。
B
The field of nutrition can be divided into three main settings in which dieticians(营养师) and nutritionists can work.1. (register) dieticians and nutritionists can work in clinics，in the community，and in management.
In clinics，they work 2. (individual) with patients and their families.They evaluate，plan，and make dietary strategies and nutritional treatments 3. are concentrated on improving varieties of medical problems such as high blood pressure and obesity.In addition，dieticians and nutritionists in this setting，come up 4. plans to help patients to improve their diets and appetite，like cancer patients 5. (receive) chemical treatments.
In the community，dieticians and nutritionists work in health and recreational 6. (center). They work with and target specific populations such as the elderly or children.The goal of this targeting 7. (be) to inform the public and make new plans 8. (achieve) healthier lifestyles.
Lastly，dieticians and nutritionists can work in management.They may work in 9. (vary) large-scale food-service operations that feed the community.They are needed in these settings to help maintain 10. better the performance of these operations through food sourcing，long-term budgeting，and menu planning.
1．答案 Registered
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，register与dieticians and nutritionists之间是被动关系，用过去分词作前置定语，表示“已经注册的”。故填Registered。
2．答案 individually
解析 考查副词。此处需要用副词作状语，修饰动词work。故填individually。
3．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为“dietary strategies and nutritional treatments”，关系代词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。
4．答案 with
解析 考查介词。come up with意为“想出；提出”为固定搭配。故填with。
5．答案 receiving
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，receive与其逻辑主语cancer patients之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填receiving。
6．答案 centers
解析 考查名词复数。根据句意，此处表示泛指， center为可数名词。故填centers。
7．答案 is
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。此处be动词作谓语，主语goal为单数，表示一般行为，用一般现在时。故填is。
8．答案 to achieve
解析 考查不定式。此处为不定式作目的状语。故填to achieve。
9．答案 various
解析 考查形容词。空格后面的中心词是名词operations，所以空格处要用形容词作定语。故填various。
10．答案 and
解析 考查并列连词。此句中to help...与(to) better...为并列关系，and连接两个不定式，第二个不定式省略to。故填and。
C
Our everyday lives are filled with stories with their significance in showing us how we think about 1. (we) and the world.They concern every part of our daily lives as we chat，read books，browse the Internet，send text messages，listen to music and catch up on favorite television shows.Scientists tell stories by creating 2. (theory) that use current information to provide an explanation of a 3. (nature) phenomenon.
We live storied lives.
Stories are 4. (particular) beneficial for children.We often think of stories 5. a way to entertain young children or teach them to read，not 6. (recognize) that the story is the way that children make sense of the world.One of the most important ways in 7. families can support their children is to immerse them in stories and regularly surround them with oral and written stories as well as stories 8. (tell) through dance，music，film and art.What’s more，sharing stories with children，thus enabling them to tell stories，imaginary or real,9. (be) critical to the development of thinking.Not only do children learn about literacy,10. they also learn how to think and figure out the significance of events.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了故事涉及我们日常生活的方方面面，尤其对孩子们特别有益。
1．答案 ourselves
解析 考查代词。分析句子可知，how引导宾语从句，从句主语和宾语指代同一事物，宾语用反身代词，we的反身代词是ourselves，故填ourselves。
2．答案 theories
解析 考查名词复数。动词creating后接名词作宾语，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代theory，为可数名词，由动词use可知，theory应用复数形式，故填theories。
3．答案 natural
解析 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词作定语，故填natural。
4．答案 particularly
解析 考查副词。 修饰形容词beneficial，用副词作状语，故填particularly。
5．答案 as
解析 考查介词。think of...as...把……看作……，是固定短语，故填as。
6．答案 recognizing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词形式，recognize与其逻辑主语We之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填recognizing。
7．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰ways。way作先行词，引导词用in which，that或者省略，因空前有in，故填which。
8．答案 told
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作定语修饰stories，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填told。
9．答案 is
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，句子的主语是动名词短语“sharing stories with children”，be是谓语动词，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，文章主时态是一般现在时，故填is。
10．答案 but
解析 考查连词。此处为not only...but also...结构，表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
D
Who invented the ATM? There have been 1. (argue) for years over who should officially go down in history as “the inventor of the ATM”．Now the UK government is 2. (clear) saying it was James Goodfellow 3. invented the ATM.
Back in the mid-1960s，James Goodfellow was working 4. a development engineer for Glasgow firm Kelvin Hughes，and had been charged with inventing a way to enable customers to withdraw cash from banks when Saturday opening ended.“Most people 5. (work) during the week couldn’t get to the bank.They wanted a solution.The solution 6. (be) a machine which would issue cash on demand to a 7. (recognize) customer，” he said.“I set out 8. (develop) a cash-issuing machine，and make this a reality，I invented the pin(personal identification number) and an associated coded token(代币)．”
The cash machine has become a world-conquering piece of technology.There are now 3 million ATMs worldwide，with 9. number forecast to hit 4 million by 2020.The good news for Goodfellow is that people are beginning to know him for his invention.Even 10. (good) for him，the Home Office has now officially recognized his other achievements.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自动取款机的发明者和自动取款机的发展历史以及此项发明的意义。
1．答案 arguments
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构，空处在there be句型中作主语，应用名词形式。由have可知，名词要用复数形式。故填arguments。
2．答案 clearly
解析 考查副词。分析句子结构，此处修饰动词应用副词形式，作状语。故填clearly。
3．答案 who/that
解析 考查强调句型。分析句子结构，此句为强调句型，被强调部分为James Goodfellow，指人，故填who/that。
4．答案 as
解析 考查介词。work as 担任……职务，故填as。
5．答案 working
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，此处作后置定语，与主语people构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填working。
6．答案 was
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合上下文和主语The solution可知，此处用be的一般过去时的单数形式。故填was。
7．答案 recognized
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词customer，作前置定语，表达“被认可的”。故填recognized。
8．答案 to develop
解析 考查非谓语动词。set out to do sth.开始/着手做某事，故填to develop。
9．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。句意：目前全世界有300万台自动取款机，预计到2020年将达到400万台。根据句意可知，此处特指自动取款机的数量，用定冠词the。故填the。
10．答案 better
解析 考查形容词比较级。句意：对他来说更好的是，英国内政部现在正式承认了他的其他成就。根据句意和“Even”可知，此处用good的比较级better。故填better。
强化练(三十二) 语法填空(5) 中国元素专练
A
Poetry,1. universal form of literature，plays an important role in ancient China.Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music tens of thousands of years ago.In that era，there were no TVs or films，and 2. (write) had not been invented，so people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs 3. (entertain) themselves.These songs reflected themes from the people’s daily life，such as hunting animals or sowing 4. (crop)．Since nothing was set down，over the years different versions of these songs developed，and each area would have its own respective rhythm.In addition to this，people would recite stories of past heroes.
As these stories were often quite long，they often had rhyme and rhythm to help people remember them more 5. (easy)．While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format，over time they became more complicated and 6. (pretty)．These were no longer the works of amateurs sitting around a fire，7. works of true poets who cared about their art and who sometimes made a living from it.
Poetry plays with sounds，words，and grammar，8. makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read.Poetry uses colors，feelings，experiences，and images to paint a picture in your mind.Today，many Chinese people 9. (become) more interested in reading poems，no matter 10. language they are written.Translation is good，but being able to read in what language is best.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌作为一种普遍的文学形式，在中国古代扮演着重要的角色。如今，许多中国人对阅读诗歌越来越感兴趣。
1．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。由form“形式”为可数名词可知，此处为泛指一种普遍的形式，“不定冠词a/an＋单数名词”表泛指，结合universal发音为辅音音素开头。故填a。
2．答案 writing
解析 考查名词。空处应用名词作主语，writing符合题意，意为“书写”。故填writing。
3．答案 to entertain
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为不定式作目的状语，表示“去娱乐自己”。故填to entertain。
4．答案 crops
解析 考查名词复数。crop“庄稼，作物”，为可数名词。故此处用其复数形式，故填crops。
5．答案 easily
解析 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词remember。故填easily。
6．答案 prettier
解析 考查形容词的比较级。由and可知，此处和前面的more complicated为并列关系，也应用比较级形式。故填prettier。
7．答案 but
解析 考查连词。句意：这些作品不再是业余爱好者围坐在火堆旁的作品，而是真正的诗人的作品，他们关心自己的艺术，有时还以此为生。由句意可知，上下文为转折关系，应用but表示“而是”。故填but。
8．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Poetry plays with sounds，words，and grammar，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9．答案 are becoming
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。由前面的时间状语“Today”和句意可知，该句用现在进行时，表示目前正在持续的动作，结合主语many Chinese people为复数形式，故填are becoming。
10．答案 what
解析 考查状语从句。此处为no matter what引导让步状语从句，表示“无论它们是用什么语言写的”。故填what。
B
Originated in the Yuan Dynasty(1271－1368)，Kunqu Opera is said to be the mother of all Chinese operas and is one of the oldest forms of opera still 1. (exist) in China.This traditional art was named for its birthplace，Kunshan,2. is near the city of Suzhou in today’s Jiangsu Province.
The development of Kunqu Opera went through several 3. (stage)．In the early days，the songs were 4. (main) composed of long and short lines.In the Ming Dynasty (1368－1644)，5. (reform) by Wei Liangfu，Kunqu Opera became mild，smooth and 6. (attract)．The performers attached great 7. (important) to clear recitation，correct singing and pure tunes.Meanwhile，the composers wrote the musical scores after working out the tunes，and the songs 8. (write) in seven-character or ten-character lines.Moreover，three types of musical instruments (stringed instruments，bamboo flutes，and drums and clappers) formed the accompaniment.
Kunqu Opera is acknowledged as 9. elegant opera.Carrying forward the tradition of ancient poetry and common speech，the art is also 10. very high literary value.
In 2001，the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced Kunqu Opera as a masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity.
1．答案 existing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰opera，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填existing。
2．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Kunshan指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3．答案 stages
解析 考查名词复数。stage意为“阶段”，是可数名词，several后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填stages。
4．答案 mainly
解析 考查副词。修饰动词短语were composed of，需用副词作状语。故填mainly。
5．答案 reformed
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词became，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Kunqu Opera和reform为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填reformed。
6．答案 attractive
解析 考查形容词。became为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语。故填attractive。
7．答案 importance
解析 考查名词。attach great importance to为固定短语，意为“非常重视……”。故填importance。
8．答案 were written
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据wrote可知，此处使用一般过去时；主语the songs和write为被动关系，需用被动语态；主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were written。
9．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。opera为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且elegant发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
10．答案 of
解析 考查介词。be of value为固定用法，意为“有价值”。故填of。
C
From ancient times to the present，traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been present in many Chinese stories,1. (accompany) the growth of China’s population with its magical herbal powers.In ancient Chinese fairy tales，Shennong is said 2. (eat) hundreds of plants while using his body to research the medicinal properties(药性)．For thousands of years before western medicine 3. (introduce) into China，traditional Chinese medicine had played a unique role in preventing and treating diseases.It has proved to be 4. (effect) in improving human health.
TCM is more of a healing art.5. western medicine concentrates on a particular part or its function，TCM looks at the body’s system as a whole.6. (it) treatment is to keep the balance of yin and yang by controlling the functions of patients’ internal organs.So it is not strange to find that patients don’t 7. (necessary) need to be ill to visit a doctor of TCM.
In addition to saving lives and nourishing the body,8. magic of traditional TCM has existed in various 9. (aspect) of Chinese life.It is in the food we cannot live 10. and the clothes we wear every day.The more we learn，the more we will discover the wonders of TCM.
1．答案 accompanying
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，accompany在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语traditional Chinese medicine构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填accompanying。
2．答案 to eat
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定短语be said to do sth.表示“据说……”。故填to eat。
3．答案 was introduced
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。从句主语与introduce构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，谓语也应用单数。故填was introduced。
4．答案 effective
解析 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，表示“有效的”。故填effective。
5．答案 Although/Though/While
解析 考查状语从句。根据语境及句子结构可知，此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although，though或while，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
6．答案 Its
解析 考查代词。修饰空后名词treatment应用形容词性物主代词，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Its。
7．答案 necessarily
解析 考查副词。修饰动词need应用副词necessarily，作状语。故填necessarily。
8．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。此处特指传统中医的魔力，应用定冠词。故填the。
9．答案 aspects
解析 考查名词复数。aspect为可数名词，由various修饰应用复数形式。故填aspects。
10．答案 without
解析 考查介词。结合句意表示“赖以生存”，应用短语cannot live without。故填without。
D
With a history of more than 6,000 years，Chinese painting，originally 1. (pursue) by wealthy people，developed around 221 BCE during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Then，it became popular around 581 CE as more and more people began to show 2. (appreciate) of its beauty.
Basic tools and materials for Chinese painting involve writing brushes，ink and paper.The Chinese painting brush is mostly made of goat，wolf or fox hair,3. is suitable for producing brushes that are both soft and stringy(有韧性)．
The ink stick is produced with a mixture of pine soot(松烟) and animal glue.It’s used in combination with an ink stone.The painter wets the ink stone and then grinds(研磨) the ink stick on the stone，4. (make) the ink run so that it can be used for painting.
Many Chinese ancient artworks 5. (create) on silk.However，silk was 6. expensive that only very important paintings would use it.By the first century，when the early form of paper was invented，it had become a lot 7. (cheap) to paint.
Traditional Chinese painting enjoys worldwide fame 8. its original style，distinctive features and special techniques.It emphasizes harmony between man and nature.When looking at a Chinese painting，you may not 9. (initial) realize its complex concept.In fact，much remains 10. (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements.Through appreciating Chinese painting，you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese people.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国画的发展历史，以及它享有的国际声誉，通过欣赏中国画，你将会更好地了解中国传统文化和中国人。
1．答案 pursued
解析 考查过去分词。分析句子可知，空处作定语，修饰Chinese painting，pursue与Chinese painting是动宾关系，用过去分词形式，故填pursued。
2．答案 appreciation
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知，动词后接名词作宾语，appreciation“感激”，是不可数名词。故填appreciation。
3．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，指代整个主句，在从句中作主语。故填which。
4．答案 making
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是wets和grinds，故make用非谓语动词形式作状语，make与其逻辑主语是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填making。
5．答案 were created
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，create是谓语动词，与主语artworks是被动关系，用被动语态；描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语artworks是复数，谓语动词用复数，故填were created。
6．答案 so
解析 考查状语从句。根据句意以及下文的that可知，此处用so...that...引导状语从句。故填so。
7．答案 cheaper
解析 考查形容词比较级。根据句意以及空前的a lot可知，此处用形容词cheap的比较级作表语。故填cheaper。
8．答案 for
解析 考查介词。根据句意，表示原因用介词for。
9．答案 initially
解析 考查副词。修饰动词用副词作状语，故填initially。
10．答案 to be learned/learnt
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，remain是系动词，接不定式作表语，主语much与谓语动词learn是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。故填to be learned/learnt。
强化练(三十三) 语法填空(6) 旅游话题专练
A
On June 18，Qiyun Mountain Customs Exhibition was displayed in the Water Cube in Beijing.This exhibition is 1. important part of “Search for Taoist Mountains(道教山)”，the 2nd customs exhibition of “Wild China & Beautiful Land”，2. was sponsored by the China Landscape and Historic Sites Association.Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province，Qingcheng Mountain and Taishan Mountain are also 3. display.
4． (support) by the special space of the Water Cube and tourist gathering areas like passageways and the center stage，the brilliant Taoist culture is 5. (vivid) displayed in three dimensions.Tourists are led in 6. (explore) of the Taoist mountains which 7. (witness) the Chinese civilization for five thousand years and they can appreciate the infinite charm of Qiyun Mountain.
Qiyun Mountain Customs Exhibition was co-hosted by Qiyun Mountain Management Committee and Sunriver.The 8. (form) of this exhibition were rich and colorful and the performance methods were fine and 9. (comprehend)．The period of Qiyun Mountain Customs Exhibition will continue until October this year.During the exhibition，some other displays 10. (focus) on the theme “Wild China & Beautiful Land” will be displayed in the Water Cube.Audience numbers will be over 10 million.
1．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处的“important part”泛指一个重要的部分，因而需填入不定冠词，important发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
2．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为exhibition，指物，在从句中作主语，因而用which引导。故填which。
3．答案 on
解析 考查介词。固定短语on display意为“陈列；展出”。故填on。
4．答案 Supported
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作状语，动词support与其逻辑主语Taoist culture之间是动宾关系，因而需用过去分词形式，同时位于句首，首字母需要大写。故填Supported。
5．答案 vividly
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰动词is displayed，需用副词形式。故填vividly。
6．答案 exploration
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少名词作宾语。故填exploration。
7．答案 have witnessed
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语，根据句中“for five thousand years”和主句时态可知从句时态为现在完成时，从句主语which指代先行词“the Taoist mountains”，为复数。故填have witnessed。
8．答案 forms
解析 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入名词作主语，根据were可知，此处应填名词复数。故填forms。
9．答案 comprehensive
解析 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，设空处与形容词fine并列作表语，因而需填入形容词。故填comprehensive。
10．答案 focusing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作displays的后置定语，displays与focus之间是主谓关系，因而需用现在分词形式。故填focusing。
B
Shennongjia is a household name in China because it’s the home of the legendary “wild man”．Its folk tale spans the generations.
Between 1976 and 1981，the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized three large scale 1._________(science) investigations.They have collected hair，footprints and waste suspected of belonging 2. a “wild man”，but some experts argue that most were the result of bears，monkeys or even human beings.They failed 3. (uncover) the myth of “wild man”，but discovered the area’s rich biodiversity.Although several hundred people have claimed 4. (they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia，there is no tangible evidence to confirm the 5. (exist) of a “wild man”．
Nowadays，Shennongjia’s attraction is not merely about “wild man”．Its appeal 6. (be) more about its lively ecology，rich biodiversity and karst landforms.Shennongjia’s beauty varies over the year as nature takes 7. (it) course.Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring，be shaded from the summer heat，appreciate red leaves in autumn 8. go skiing in winter.
The “wild man” legend has been passed on for generations by word-of-mouth.In 2016，the legend of “wild man” in Shennongjia 9. (add) to Hubei Province’s intangible cultural heritage list.Today，tourists can visit Wild Man Cave，10. eyewitnesses claimed that they spotted the creatures，and saw “wild man” sculptures.
1．答案 scientific
解析 考查形容词。分析句子可知，该空需用形容词作定语修饰名词investigations。故填scientific。
2．答案 to
解析 考查介词。固定短语belong to意为“属于”。故填to。
3．答案 to uncover
解析 考查非谓语动词。固定短语fail to do sth.表示“没能做成某事”。故填to uncover。
4．答案 themselves
解析 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，该空是claim的宾语，并且指代主语several hundred people，宾语与主语相同时，宾语应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
5．答案 existence
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知，该空应填名词作confirm的宾语。故填existence。
6．答案 is
解析 考查动词时态及主谓一致。该空所给动词be在句中作谓语，描述的是一般性事实，应使用一般现在时；主语appeal为不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填is。
7．答案 its
解析 考查代词。修饰空后名词course应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
8．答案 and
解析 考查连词。该句列举了四个在神农架游客可以做的事情，四个动词短语enjoy flower blossoms，be shaded from the summer heat，appreciate red leaves和go skiing 为并列关系。故填and。
9．答案 was added
解析 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。该空所给动词add在句中作谓语，主语legend与add为被动关系，应使用被动语态；又由时间状语In 2016可知，应使用一般过去时；主语legend表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was added。
10．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。该空需要一个关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Wild Man Cave，并指代先行词在定语从句作地点状语。故填where。
C
(2022·江西九江一模)
The Bell Tower in Xi’an has a history of over 600 years and reopened to the public after renovation(整修)．
The Bell Tower 1. (build) in 1384 during the Ming Dynasty.The 36-meter-tall，wood-and-brick structure is known as one of the 2. (large) and best-protected bell towers in China.The tower has witnessed the city’s changes and development for 3. (century)．
“Due to long-time exposure 4. wind，sunlight，rain and dust，the tower became broken，with its roof leaking and some paint 5. (drop)．” Wang Lei，curator(馆长) of Xi’an Bell and Drum Towers Museum said.To prolong the life of the tower，the museum began to repair 6. (it) roof and outer golden columns in June.
The reopening of the Bell Tower has attracted visitors 7. come from home and abroad.8. (visit) by more than 1,000 tourists on the opening day，it had attracted twice the number of visitors before its repair.The museum staff told the media that they determined 9. (extend) the opening hours by one hour every night.
This was 10. sixth renovation to the Bell Tower since 1949，with the last done in 2011.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西安钟楼的历史和最近对它进行的一次修复与重新开放。
1．答案 was built
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。提示词是谓语动词，与主语The Bell Tower是动宾关系；结合时间状语in 1384可知应用一般过去时态；主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was built。
2．答案 largest
解析 考查形容词最高级。“one of＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”为固定搭配，意为“最……之一”。故填largest。
3．答案 centuries
解析 考查名词复数。根据上文“a history of over 600 years”可知，钟楼已经屹立几个世纪，见证了几个世纪的变化和发展，century用复数形式。故填centuries。
4．答案 to
解析 考查介词。exposure to为固定搭配，意为“暴露于”。故填to。
5．答案 dropping
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为with复合结构，drop与其逻辑主语some paint间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填dropping。
6．答案 its
解析 考查代词。根据句意可知，空处作定语修饰名词roof，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
7．答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句。空格后是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。
8．答案 Visited
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，visit与其逻辑主语it之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。句首单词首字母大写，故填Visited。
9．答案 to extend
解析 考查非谓语动词。determine to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”。故填to extend。
10．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。序数词前用定冠词限定，表示“第(几次)”。故填the。
D
(2022·河南许平汝联盟模拟)
The Mogao Caves or Mogao Grottoes(莫高窟)，also 1. (know) as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas and the Dunhuang Caves，is a series of grottoes located about 25 kilometers southeast of the city of Dunhuang in Gansu Province，China.
Mogao Grottoes，inarguably the 2. (great) treasure of Buddhist art found in a single locality anywhere in the world，consists 3. numerous temples that contain countless sculptures，wall paintings and manuscripts.4. (initial)，Dunhuang was only a stopover point—though 5. important one—on the Silk Road.However，it quickly 6. (become) a Buddhist learning center,7. Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese to be spread from there to other cities throughout China.
These grottoes 8. (carve) out of the sandstone cliffs(峭壁) of Mingsha Mountain and extend some 1,600 meters from north to south.The 9. (construct) of these grottoes takes over a period of a thousand years，from the 4th to the 14th century CE.The ones 10. (survive) the natural disasters (only a little more than half of them are still complete) contain some 45,000 square meters of wall paintings and more than 2,000 painted sculptures.
1．答案 known
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，know与其逻辑主语The Mogao Caves or Mogao Grottoes为动宾关系，故此处用过去分词，表示被动。故填known。
2．答案 greatest
解析 考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the及空后的in the world可知，此处用所给形容词的最高级形式。故填greatest。
3．答案 of
解析 考查介词。consist of...意为“由……组成”，为固定搭配。故填of。
4．答案 Initially
解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Initially。
5．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。此处是泛指，故用不定冠词。又因空前的important发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
6．答案 became
解析 考查动词时态。根据该空所在句中的从句谓语动词were translated可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故此处用所给动词的过去式。故填became。
7．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a Buddhist learning center，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故此处用关系副词where。
8．答案 are carved
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据并列谓语动词extend可知，此处用一般现在时，又因为These grottoes与carve是被动关系，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故填are carved。
9．答案 construction
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词形式作主语，construction“建造”，为不可数名词。故填construction。
10．答案 surviving
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处用所给动词的非谓语动词形式，ones与survive存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填surviving。
第4讲 无提示词类——连词
对连词的考查涉及并列句、名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句等，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是学生的易错点。做题时要认真分析句子成分，如果发现两个句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或者因果关系，则要填并列连词；如果空处引导从句，则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据连词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个。
技法一 如何确定并列连词
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
并列连词
分析关系
1.表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...等。
2.表 示 选 择 关 系 的 有：or，either...or...，not...but...等。3.表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。
4.表示因果关系的有：so，for等。
1.Only a few primate species sing，so they are precious resources in our search for the evolutionary origins of human musicality.
2.He didn’t receive an award for his honesty but he did go from litter to glitter (闪光) in just one week.
3.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”．
固定句型
1.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”
2.be doing...when...
3.be about to do...when...
4.be on the point of doing...when...
5.had just done...when...
4.We were sleeping when we heard the dog barking crazily outside.
5.Work more efficiently and you will have more time for the rest and relaxation.
6.Get down to your work at once or you will be fired.
技法二 如何确定定语从句的关系词
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
关系代词
1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可以用关系词that或who。
2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以用关系词that或whom或who，也可以不填。
3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词whose。
5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。
6.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时，可以用关系词as或which。as译为“正如”；which译为“这一点，这件事”，表明事物的状态或结果。
1.He later set up China’s first draft bank，Rishengchang，which later had 35 branches across the country.
2.(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics who/that are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
3.And the most popular of all is an 8-inch-tall stuffed animal version of the Beijing Olympics mascot—Bing Dwen Dwen，a rotund panda whose suit is made of ice.
4.(2020·天津改编)As is described in paragraph 4，taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
关系副词
先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系词when，where或why。
注意 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
5.She added that the area where they lived had seen major “habitat loss” linked to agricultural expansion.
6. (2022·陕西渭南二模)In most Chinese tea villages，March is the time of year when locals start to pick and process tea.
介词＋关系词
1.关系词依据先行词来确定，如果先行词指人，用whom；如果先行词指物，用which；如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在从句中作定语，则用whose。
2.介词根据以下原则来确定：
(1)与先行词的搭配；
(2)与从句谓语的搭配；
(3)逻辑关系。
7.Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
8.The old lady had one son and two daughters，none of whom treated her well，which made her very sad.
9.I’d appreciate my teacher very much without whose help I couldn’t win the award.
注意 常见的只用that而不用which的情况：
(1)先行词指物是不定代词或者被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
(2)先行词指物被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
This is the only thing that we can do now.
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时，关系代词通常只用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
技法三 如何确定名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词和介词后的为宾语从句，系动词后的为表语从句，名词后的从句且对名词内容加以解释的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
从属连词that和whether/if
分析句子结构，若待填的连接词不作任何成分也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，要考虑连接词that；若表示“是否”的意思，要考虑连接词whether；if可以用于引导宾语从句。
1.(2019·全国Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.(2022·江西萍乡二检)Whether anyone actually believes in a causal relationship between eating these foods and receiving the promised benefits or not is unclear.
连接代词
分析句子结构，若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语，要用连接代词what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever等。
3.(2022·山西晋中一模)With magnificent natural scenery civilization，the tourist area lies along what may be the most charming section of the upper reaches(上游) of the Yellow River.
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
连接副词
分析句子结构，若从句缺少状语，要用连接副词where (表地点)，when (表时间)，how (表方式或程度)，why (表原因)等。
5.That is why you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life.
6.(2022·河南洛阳统考)Finally，the motto also represents a series of patterns of how countries should work together.
形式主语和形式宾语it
在名词性从句中it作形式主语或形式宾语。其用法在前面代词讲解时已经提到。
7.It is likely that FAST will help make many new Nobel-level discoveries.
8.It is warned that the pandemic could create a “lost” generation who will be affected by “lifelong” mental illnesses.
技法四 如何确定状语从句的连接词
考查方向
解题思路
针对训练
状语从句的连接词
根据句意确定是什么状语从句从而确定连接词，常见的状语从句的连接词有：
1.时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until
2.条件状语从句if/unless/once
3.让步状语从句though/although/while/as
4.地点状语从句where
5.原因状语从句because/since/as
1.If a keystone species disappears，other plants and animals may die off and not grow back.
2.(2022·福建福州期末)When I got my first library card in the mid-1950s，my appreciation for the institution developed quickly.
3.(2022·安徽安庆联考)While/Although/Though it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves，that is the source of your problems and stress.
根据固定句型来确定状语从句的连接词，常见的固定句型有：
so/such...that...
not...until...
It will/won’t be＋...＋before...
It was＋...＋before...
It is some time＋since...
whether...or not...
no sooner...than...
hardly...when...
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
5.If you don’t understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
6.(2021·天津改编)We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it’s at work，at home，or at school.
Group 1 达标练
1．By the time a child becomes an adult，he needs to learn how he can deal with the success and failure connected with risk-taking.
2．Lenny runs everywhere he can.Wherever he goes，he tracks his progress by using an app，such as Map MyRun or Strava.
3．The struggle to break out of the pupa(蛹) was necessary for the butterfly’s survival because it enabled its wings and body to grow strong.
4．An expert says the creatures not only would likely not have survived if ice had covered their caves，but also probably could not have survived the warmer temperatures farther from the glaciers’ edge.
5．(2022·河南大联考三模)All the countries where life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5－6 years to achieve.
6．I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and landed on my backside.
7．Starting recycling projects in the home or community and picking up trash in the neighborhood are also what can make a difference.
8．These paintings are created by patients who/that have been hospitalized for a long time.
9．(2022·江西新余二模)After quite some time，Cheng，upon waking up，became aware that his students had been standing in the snow for a while and immediately invited them to come in.
10．(2022·陕西宝鸡模拟)These relics，dating from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qing Dynasty，included a variety of items，most of which are plates，vases and figurines.
Group 2 真题练
1．On the 1,100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，who lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.(2022·全国甲)
2．The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges.(2022·全国乙)
3．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
4．Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely；about three-quarters of the time，they agreed.(2022·浙江1月)
5．The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about where she lived.(2021·北京)
6．William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from which we can learn without repeating them.(2021·天津改编)
7．What puzzles Lily’s friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.(2021·天津改编)
8．It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveller to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics.(2021·全国乙改编)
9．Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.
(2020·天津改编)
10．The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said.(2020·天津改编)
A
An elephant herd 1. fascinated locals and people around the world by making a 500-kilometer trip through southwestern China finally returned home on August 12，also the 10th World Elephant Day.
The elephants traveling from their home in a mountainous area toward the city of Kunming caught 2. (globe) attention.Under the guidance of the leading elephant，the giant creatures explored forests，farms and even a 3. (retire) home.Local governments 4. (lay) food down to keep them away from populated areas.Trucks，drones(无人机)were also used 5. (monitor) the elephants and clean up roads for them to pass safely.Luckily，no other animals or humans were injured.
There are many video clips(视频) on the social media 6. (show) interesting behavior of the animals along their path.In one，two young elephants are being helped out of a ditch(沟渠) by older members of the group and in another，a baby elephant 7. (milk) by its mother.
Asian elephants are among the most highly protected animals in China and 8. drove the elephants to make their long trip is still unknown.“Asian elephants usually won’t leave their home range unless there are major changes to the environment，like a 9. (lose) of habitat linked to agriculture expansion，” 10. official of the World Wildlife Fund said.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一群大象经过长途跋涉穿越中国西南部最终回到了自己的家园。
1．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处指代前文的先行词An elephant herd，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
2．答案 global
解析 考查形容词。此处修饰空后的名词attention，用形容词形式。故填global。
3．答案 retirement
解析 考查名词。设空处修饰空后的名词home，说明home的用途，所以用名词作定语，表达“敬老院”之意。故填retirement。
4．答案 laid
解析 考查动词的时态。设空处在句中作谓语，结合上下文，描述过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。lay此处为“放置”的意思，故填laid。
5．答案 to monitor
解析 考查固定短语。be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”，为固定短语。故填to monitor。
6．答案 showing
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中are作谓语，设空处在句中作后置定语，与逻辑主语video clips是主动关系，用现在分词。故填showing。
7．答案 is being milked
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和前面的并列句时态一致，用现在进行时；milk与其逻辑主语a baby elephant之间是被动关系，且主语是名词单数，故填is being milked。
8．答案 what
解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表达“什么，……的事情”之意。故填what。
9．答案 loss
解析 考查名词。设空处被不定冠词a限定，用名词的单数形式。故填loss。
10．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。设空处限定空后的名词，用冠词；此处表示泛指“一位”之意，应用不定冠词，且official首字母发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
B
(2022·江西新余期末)
A three-bedroom 3D-printed farmhouse has been built in Wujiazhuang village，Zhangjiakou, 1.___________ is the co-host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics.With ceilings and walls decorated by weave patterns，Zhao Xiujuan’s house covers 2. area of 106 square meters.
When Xu Weiguo，a professor at Tsinghua University，came up with the idea of building a 3D-printed farmhouse，there was an outpouring of concern from villagers，who 3. (wonder) whether it would be strong enough.However，Zhao shrugged off 4. her fellow villagers doubted and made the work go on.The construction 5. (complete) in two weeks，with only two people on each device.
China’s 3D printing technology has been 6. (wide) used in many fields.“This technology can not only save manpower and construction costs，but also increase 7. (efficient) and quality，” Xu said，adding that it can keep the design and construction of traditional houses while 8. (create) beautiful patterns.“There are still a large number of houses and infrastructure(基础设施) 9. (build) in China in the future，” Xu said.“Intelligent technologies can solve the labor shortage problem faced by the construction industry，freeing workers 10. their heavy labor.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍河北省张家口市吴家庄村建成的一座3D打印三居室房屋，引出了3D打印技术应用于建筑领域的优点。
1．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Zhangjiakou，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。名词area是以元音音素开头的名词，cover an area of为固定搭配，意为“占地面积为……”，故填an。
3．答案 wondered
解析 考查动词的时态。通读第三段可知，该段都在讲述过去的事情，所以空处应该用一般过去时态，故填wondered。
4．答案 what
解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语，说明村民们担心的是什么，故填what。
5．答案 was completed
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。这里介绍的是过去发生的事情，故应该用一般过去时；complete与其逻辑主语The construction是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数形式，故填was completed。
6．答案 widely
解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语has been used，应用副词形式，故填widely。
7．答案 efficiency
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处和quality并列，作increase的宾语，应用名词形式。故填efficiency。
8．答案 creating
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为状语从句的省略，逻辑主语it与create之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填creating。
9．答案 to be built
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作后置定语，build和其逻辑主语是动宾关系，应用被动语态；另外，表示“将要建设”，需用动词不定式，故填to be built。
10．答案 from
解析 考查介词。free sb.from sth.为固定搭配，意为“将某人从……中解放出来”，故填from。
强化练(三十一) 语法填空(4)
A
(2022·陕西商洛期末)
The Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-you letter to volunteer applicants who were not 1. (previous) selected，and expressed gratitude for their support in the preparation work of the Games.
The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great challenges to many aspects of the preparation work，and the committee 2. (adjust) requirements for volunteers in 3. (consider) of virus control and prevention.
“4. you were not selected as a volunteer of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics，every applicant is an excellent promoter for the Olympic spirit and volunteerism，” the committee says in the letter.
Many applicants said they 5. (move) by the touching letter and posted their replies online.A netizen(网民) 6. (name) Joleen-kun said their application had been seen，which was something to be proud 7. as they were respected by the committee.
Another netizen Xiguali commented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the committee is warm to pay attention to details，thus 8. (send) a letter like this.
According to the Beijing 2022 Organizing Committee，more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected，most of 9. are from colleges and 10. (university) in Beijing and Hebei Province.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请人送去的温暖。
1．答案 previously
解析 考查副词。动词selected前用副词修饰。故填previously。
2．答案 has adjusted
解析 考查时态。根据并列分句中的谓语has brought并分析句意可知，空格处应用现在完成时。故填has adjusted。
3．答案 consideration
解析 考查名词。固定短语in consideration of意为“考虑到……”。故填consideration。
4．答案 Although/Though/While
解析 考查连词。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用转折连词，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
5．答案 were moved
解析 考查动词时态和语态。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。主语they与动词move之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were moved。
6．答案 named
解析 考查非谓语动词。名词A netizen与动词name是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
7．答案 of
解析 考查介词。固定短语be proud of意为“以……为骄傲”。故填of。
8．答案 sending
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中send与其逻辑主语the committee之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填sending。
9．答案 whom
解析 考查定语从句。句中先行词为volunteers，在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。
10．答案 universities
解析 考查名词复数。连词and前是名词colleges且名词university为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填universities。
B
The field of nutrition can be divided into three main settings in which dieticians(营养师) and nutritionists can work.1. (register) dieticians and nutritionists can work in clinics，in the community，and in management.
In clinics，they work 2. (individual) with patients and their families.They evaluate，plan，and make dietary strategies and nutritional treatments 3. are concentrated on improving varieties of medical problems such as high blood pressure and obesity.In addition，dieticians and nutritionists in this setting，come up 4. plans to help patients to improve their diets and appetite，like cancer patients 5. (receive) chemical treatments.
In the community，dieticians and nutritionists work in health and recreational 6. (center). They work with and target specific populations such as the elderly or children.The goal of this targeting 7. (be) to inform the public and make new plans 8. (achieve) healthier lifestyles.
Lastly，dieticians and nutritionists can work in management.They may work in 9. (vary) large-scale food-service operations that feed the community.They are needed in these settings to help maintain 10. better the performance of these operations through food sourcing，long-term budgeting，and menu planning.
1．答案 Registered
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，register与dieticians and nutritionists之间是被动关系，用过去分词作前置定语，表示“已经注册的”。故填Registered。
2．答案 individually
解析 考查副词。此处需要用副词作状语，修饰动词work。故填individually。
3．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为“dietary strategies and nutritional treatments”，关系代词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。
4．答案 with
解析 考查介词。come up with意为“想出；提出”为固定搭配。故填with。
5．答案 receiving
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，receive与其逻辑主语cancer patients之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填receiving。
6．答案 centers
解析 考查名词复数。根据句意，此处表示泛指， center为可数名词。故填centers。
7．答案 is
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。此处be动词作谓语，主语goal为单数，表示一般行为，用一般现在时。故填is。
8．答案 to achieve
解析 考查不定式。此处为不定式作目的状语。故填to achieve。
9．答案 various
解析 考查形容词。空格后面的中心词是名词operations，所以空格处要用形容词作定语。故填various。
10．答案 and
解析 考查并列连词。此句中to help...与(to) better...为并列关系，and连接两个不定式，第二个不定式省略to。故填and。
C
Our everyday lives are filled with stories with their significance in showing us how we think about 1. (we) and the world.They concern every part of our daily lives as we chat，read books，browse the Internet，send text messages，listen to music and catch up on favorite television shows.Scientists tell stories by creating 2. (theory) that use current information to provide an explanation of a 3. (nature) phenomenon.
We live storied lives.
Stories are 4. (particular) beneficial for children.We often think of stories 5. a way to entertain young children or teach them to read，not 6. (recognize) that the story is the way that children make sense of the world.One of the most important ways in 7. families can support their children is to immerse them in stories and regularly surround them with oral and written stories as well as stories 8. (tell) through dance，music，film and art.What’s more，sharing stories with children，thus enabling them to tell stories，imaginary or real,9. (be) critical to the development of thinking.Not only do children learn about literacy,10. they also learn how to think and figure out the significance of events.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了故事涉及我们日常生活的方方面面，尤其对孩子们特别有益。
1．答案 ourselves
解析 考查代词。分析句子可知，how引导宾语从句，从句主语和宾语指代同一事物，宾语用反身代词，we的反身代词是ourselves，故填ourselves。
2．答案 theories
解析 考查名词复数。动词creating后接名词作宾语，that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代theory，为可数名词，由动词use可知，theory应用复数形式，故填theories。
3．答案 natural
解析 考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词作定语，故填natural。
4．答案 particularly
解析 考查副词。 修饰形容词beneficial，用副词作状语，故填particularly。
5．答案 as
解析 考查介词。think of...as...把……看作……，是固定短语，故填as。
6．答案 recognizing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词形式，recognize与其逻辑主语We之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填recognizing。
7．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰ways。way作先行词，引导词用in which，that或者省略，因空前有in，故填which。
8．答案 told
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作定语修饰stories，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填told。
9．答案 is
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，句子的主语是动名词短语“sharing stories with children”，be是谓语动词，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，文章主时态是一般现在时，故填is。
10．答案 but
解析 考查连词。此处为not only...but also...结构，表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
D
Who invented the ATM? There have been 1. (argue) for years over who should officially go down in history as “the inventor of the ATM”．Now the UK government is 2. (clear) saying it was James Goodfellow 3. invented the ATM.
Back in the mid-1960s，James Goodfellow was working 4. a development engineer for Glasgow firm Kelvin Hughes，and had been charged with inventing a way to enable customers to withdraw cash from banks when Saturday opening ended.“Most people 5. (work) during the week couldn’t get to the bank.They wanted a solution.The solution 6. (be) a machine which would issue cash on demand to a 7. (recognize) customer，” he said.“I set out 8. (develop) a cash-issuing machine，and make this a reality，I invented the pin(personal identification number) and an associated coded token(代币)．”
The cash machine has become a world-conquering piece of technology.There are now 3 million ATMs worldwide，with 9. number forecast to hit 4 million by 2020.The good news for Goodfellow is that people are beginning to know him for his invention.Even 10. (good) for him，the Home Office has now officially recognized his other achievements.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了自动取款机的发明者和自动取款机的发展历史以及此项发明的意义。
1．答案 arguments
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构，空处在there be句型中作主语，应用名词形式。由have可知，名词要用复数形式。故填arguments。
2．答案 clearly
解析 考查副词。分析句子结构，此处修饰动词应用副词形式，作状语。故填clearly。
3．答案 who/that
解析 考查强调句型。分析句子结构，此句为强调句型，被强调部分为James Goodfellow，指人，故填who/that。
4．答案 as
解析 考查介词。work as 担任……职务，故填as。
5．答案 working
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，此处作后置定语，与主语people构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填working。
6．答案 was
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构，此处作谓语动词，结合上下文和主语The solution可知，此处用be的一般过去时的单数形式。故填was。
7．答案 recognized
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词customer，作前置定语，表达“被认可的”。故填recognized。
8．答案 to develop
解析 考查非谓语动词。set out to do sth.开始/着手做某事，故填to develop。
9．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。句意：目前全世界有300万台自动取款机，预计到2020年将达到400万台。根据句意可知，此处特指自动取款机的数量，用定冠词the。故填the。
10．答案 better
解析 考查形容词比较级。句意：对他来说更好的是，英国内政部现在正式承认了他的其他成就。根据句意和“Even”可知，此处用good的比较级better。故填better。
强化练(三十二) 语法填空(5) 中国元素专练
A
Poetry,1. universal form of literature，plays an important role in ancient China.Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music tens of thousands of years ago.In that era，there were no TVs or films，and 2. (write) had not been invented，so people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs 3. (entertain) themselves.These songs reflected themes from the people’s daily life，such as hunting animals or sowing 4. (crop)．Since nothing was set down，over the years different versions of these songs developed，and each area would have its own respective rhythm.In addition to this，people would recite stories of past heroes.
As these stories were often quite long，they often had rhyme and rhythm to help people remember them more 5. (easy)．While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format，over time they became more complicated and 6. (pretty)．These were no longer the works of amateurs sitting around a fire，7. works of true poets who cared about their art and who sometimes made a living from it.
Poetry plays with sounds，words，and grammar，8. makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read.Poetry uses colors，feelings，experiences，and images to paint a picture in your mind.Today，many Chinese people 9. (become) more interested in reading poems，no matter 10. language they are written.Translation is good，but being able to read in what language is best.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诗歌作为一种普遍的文学形式，在中国古代扮演着重要的角色。如今，许多中国人对阅读诗歌越来越感兴趣。
1．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。由form“形式”为可数名词可知，此处为泛指一种普遍的形式，“不定冠词a/an＋单数名词”表泛指，结合universal发音为辅音音素开头。故填a。
2．答案 writing
解析 考查名词。空处应用名词作主语，writing符合题意，意为“书写”。故填writing。
3．答案 to entertain
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为不定式作目的状语，表示“去娱乐自己”。故填to entertain。
4．答案 crops
解析 考查名词复数。crop“庄稼，作物”，为可数名词。故此处用其复数形式，故填crops。
5．答案 easily
解析 考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词remember。故填easily。
6．答案 prettier
解析 考查形容词的比较级。由and可知，此处和前面的more complicated为并列关系，也应用比较级形式。故填prettier。
7．答案 but
解析 考查连词。句意：这些作品不再是业余爱好者围坐在火堆旁的作品，而是真正的诗人的作品，他们关心自己的艺术，有时还以此为生。由句意可知，上下文为转折关系，应用but表示“而是”。故填but。
8．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Poetry plays with sounds，words，and grammar，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9．答案 are becoming
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。由前面的时间状语“Today”和句意可知，该句用现在进行时，表示目前正在持续的动作，结合主语many Chinese people为复数形式，故填are becoming。
10．答案 what
解析 考查状语从句。此处为no matter what引导让步状语从句，表示“无论它们是用什么语言写的”。故填what。
B
Originated in the Yuan Dynasty(1271－1368)，Kunqu Opera is said to be the mother of all Chinese operas and is one of the oldest forms of opera still 1. (exist) in China.This traditional art was named for its birthplace，Kunshan,2. is near the city of Suzhou in today’s Jiangsu Province.
The development of Kunqu Opera went through several 3. (stage)．In the early days，the songs were 4. (main) composed of long and short lines.In the Ming Dynasty (1368－1644)，5. (reform) by Wei Liangfu，Kunqu Opera became mild，smooth and 6. (attract)．The performers attached great 7. (important) to clear recitation，correct singing and pure tunes.Meanwhile，the composers wrote the musical scores after working out the tunes，and the songs 8. (write) in seven-character or ten-character lines.Moreover，three types of musical instruments (stringed instruments，bamboo flutes，and drums and clappers) formed the accompaniment.
Kunqu Opera is acknowledged as 9. elegant opera.Carrying forward the tradition of ancient poetry and common speech，the art is also 10. very high literary value.
In 2001，the United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced Kunqu Opera as a masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity.
1．答案 existing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰opera，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填existing。
2．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Kunshan指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3．答案 stages
解析 考查名词复数。stage意为“阶段”，是可数名词，several后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填stages。
4．答案 mainly
解析 考查副词。修饰动词短语were composed of，需用副词作状语。故填mainly。
5．答案 reformed
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词became，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Kunqu Opera和reform为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填reformed。
6．答案 attractive
解析 考查形容词。became为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语。故填attractive。
7．答案 importance
解析 考查名词。attach great importance to为固定短语，意为“非常重视……”。故填importance。
8．答案 were written
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据wrote可知，此处使用一般过去时；主语the songs和write为被动关系，需用被动语态；主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were written。
9．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。opera为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且elegant发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
10．答案 of
解析 考查介词。be of value为固定用法，意为“有价值”。故填of。
C
From ancient times to the present，traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been present in many Chinese stories,1. (accompany) the growth of China’s population with its magical herbal powers.In ancient Chinese fairy tales，Shennong is said 2. (eat) hundreds of plants while using his body to research the medicinal properties(药性)．For thousands of years before western medicine 3. (introduce) into China，traditional Chinese medicine had played a unique role in preventing and treating diseases.It has proved to be 4. (effect) in improving human health.
TCM is more of a healing art.5. western medicine concentrates on a particular part or its function，TCM looks at the body’s system as a whole.6. (it) treatment is to keep the balance of yin and yang by controlling the functions of patients’ internal organs.So it is not strange to find that patients don’t 7. (necessary) need to be ill to visit a doctor of TCM.
In addition to saving lives and nourishing the body,8. magic of traditional TCM has existed in various 9. (aspect) of Chinese life.It is in the food we cannot live 10. and the clothes we wear every day.The more we learn，the more we will discover the wonders of TCM.
1．答案 accompanying
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，accompany在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语traditional Chinese medicine构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填accompanying。
2．答案 to eat
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为固定短语be said to do sth.表示“据说……”。故填to eat。
3．答案 was introduced
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。从句主语与introduce构成被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，谓语也应用单数。故填was introduced。
4．答案 effective
解析 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，表示“有效的”。故填effective。
5．答案 Although/Though/While
解析 考查状语从句。根据语境及句子结构可知，此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although，though或while，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
6．答案 Its
解析 考查代词。修饰空后名词treatment应用形容词性物主代词，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Its。
7．答案 necessarily
解析 考查副词。修饰动词need应用副词necessarily，作状语。故填necessarily。
8．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。此处特指传统中医的魔力，应用定冠词。故填the。
9．答案 aspects
解析 考查名词复数。aspect为可数名词，由various修饰应用复数形式。故填aspects。
10．答案 without
解析 考查介词。结合句意表示“赖以生存”，应用短语cannot live without。故填without。
D
With a history of more than 6,000 years，Chinese painting，originally 1. (pursue) by wealthy people，developed around 221 BCE during the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Then，it became popular around 581 CE as more and more people began to show 2. (appreciate) of its beauty.
Basic tools and materials for Chinese painting involve writing brushes，ink and paper.The Chinese painting brush is mostly made of goat，wolf or fox hair,3. is suitable for producing brushes that are both soft and stringy(有韧性)．
The ink stick is produced with a mixture of pine soot(松烟) and animal glue.It’s used in combination with an ink stone.The painter wets the ink stone and then grinds(研磨) the ink stick on the stone，4. (make) the ink run so that it can be used for painting.
Many Chinese ancient artworks 5. (create) on silk.However，silk was 6. expensive that only very important paintings would use it.By the first century，when the early form of paper was invented，it had become a lot 7. (cheap) to paint.
Traditional Chinese painting enjoys worldwide fame 8. its original style，distinctive features and special techniques.It emphasizes harmony between man and nature.When looking at a Chinese painting，you may not 9. (initial) realize its complex concept.In fact，much remains 10. (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements.Through appreciating Chinese painting，you will have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and Chinese people.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国画的发展历史，以及它享有的国际声誉，通过欣赏中国画，你将会更好地了解中国传统文化和中国人。
1．答案 pursued
解析 考查过去分词。分析句子可知，空处作定语，修饰Chinese painting，pursue与Chinese painting是动宾关系，用过去分词形式，故填pursued。
2．答案 appreciation
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知，动词后接名词作宾语，appreciation“感激”，是不可数名词。故填appreciation。
3．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，指代整个主句，在从句中作主语。故填which。
4．答案 making
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是wets和grinds，故make用非谓语动词形式作状语，make与其逻辑主语是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填making。
5．答案 were created
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，create是谓语动词，与主语artworks是被动关系，用被动语态；描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，且主语artworks是复数，谓语动词用复数，故填were created。
6．答案 so
解析 考查状语从句。根据句意以及下文的that可知，此处用so...that...引导状语从句。故填so。
7．答案 cheaper
解析 考查形容词比较级。根据句意以及空前的a lot可知，此处用形容词cheap的比较级作表语。故填cheaper。
8．答案 for
解析 考查介词。根据句意，表示原因用介词for。
9．答案 initially
解析 考查副词。修饰动词用副词作状语，故填initially。
10．答案 to be learned/learnt
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，remain是系动词，接不定式作表语，主语much与谓语动词learn是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。故填to be learned/learnt。
强化练(三十三) 语法填空(6) 旅游话题专练
A
On June 18，Qiyun Mountain Customs Exhibition was displayed in the Water Cube in Beijing.This exhibition is 1. important part of “Search for Taoist Mountains(道教山)”，the 2nd customs exhibition of “Wild China & Beautiful Land”，2. was sponsored by the China Landscape and Historic Sites Association.Wudang Mountain in Hubei Province，Qingcheng Mountain and Taishan Mountain are also 3. display.
4． (support) by the special space of the Water Cube and tourist gathering areas like passageways and the center stage，the brilliant Taoist culture is 5. (vivid) displayed in three dimensions.Tourists are led in 6. (explore) of the Taoist mountains which 7. (witness) the Chinese civilization for five thousand years and they can appreciate the infinite charm of Qiyun Mountain.
Qiyun Mountain Customs Exhibition was co-hosted by Qiyun Mountain Management Committee and Sunriver.The 8. (form) of this exhibition were rich and colorful and the performance methods were fine and 9. (comprehend)．The period of Qiyun Mountain Customs Exhibition will continue until October this year.During the exhibition，some other displays 10. (focus) on the theme “Wild China & Beautiful Land” will be displayed in the Water Cube.Audience numbers will be over 10 million.
1．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处的“important part”泛指一个重要的部分，因而需填入不定冠词，important发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
2．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为exhibition，指物，在从句中作主语，因而用which引导。故填which。
3．答案 on
解析 考查介词。固定短语on display意为“陈列；展出”。故填on。
4．答案 Supported
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作状语，动词support与其逻辑主语Taoist culture之间是动宾关系，因而需用过去分词形式，同时位于句首，首字母需要大写。故填Supported。
5．答案 vividly
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰动词is displayed，需用副词形式。故填vividly。
6．答案 exploration
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少名词作宾语。故填exploration。
7．答案 have witnessed
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少从句的谓语，根据句中“for five thousand years”和主句时态可知从句时态为现在完成时，从句主语which指代先行词“the Taoist mountains”，为复数。故填have witnessed。
8．答案 forms
解析 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入名词作主语，根据were可知，此处应填名词复数。故填forms。
9．答案 comprehensive
解析 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，设空处与形容词fine并列作表语，因而需填入形容词。故填comprehensive。
10．答案 focusing
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作displays的后置定语，displays与focus之间是主谓关系，因而需用现在分词形式。故填focusing。
B
Shennongjia is a household name in China because it’s the home of the legendary “wild man”．Its folk tale spans the generations.
Between 1976 and 1981，the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized three large scale 1._________(science) investigations.They have collected hair，footprints and waste suspected of belonging 2. a “wild man”，but some experts argue that most were the result of bears，monkeys or even human beings.They failed 3. (uncover) the myth of “wild man”，but discovered the area’s rich biodiversity.Although several hundred people have claimed 4. (they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike creatures in Shennongjia，there is no tangible evidence to confirm the 5. (exist) of a “wild man”．
Nowadays，Shennongjia’s attraction is not merely about “wild man”．Its appeal 6. (be) more about its lively ecology，rich biodiversity and karst landforms.Shennongjia’s beauty varies over the year as nature takes 7. (it) course.Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring，be shaded from the summer heat，appreciate red leaves in autumn 8. go skiing in winter.
The “wild man” legend has been passed on for generations by word-of-mouth.In 2016，the legend of “wild man” in Shennongjia 9. (add) to Hubei Province’s intangible cultural heritage list.Today，tourists can visit Wild Man Cave，10. eyewitnesses claimed that they spotted the creatures，and saw “wild man” sculptures.
1．答案 scientific
解析 考查形容词。分析句子可知，该空需用形容词作定语修饰名词investigations。故填scientific。
2．答案 to
解析 考查介词。固定短语belong to意为“属于”。故填to。
3．答案 to uncover
解析 考查非谓语动词。固定短语fail to do sth.表示“没能做成某事”。故填to uncover。
4．答案 themselves
解析 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，该空是claim的宾语，并且指代主语several hundred people，宾语与主语相同时，宾语应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
5．答案 existence
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知，该空应填名词作confirm的宾语。故填existence。
6．答案 is
解析 考查动词时态及主谓一致。该空所给动词be在句中作谓语，描述的是一般性事实，应使用一般现在时；主语appeal为不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填is。
7．答案 its
解析 考查代词。修饰空后名词course应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
8．答案 and
解析 考查连词。该句列举了四个在神农架游客可以做的事情，四个动词短语enjoy flower blossoms，be shaded from the summer heat，appreciate red leaves和go skiing 为并列关系。故填and。
9．答案 was added
解析 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。该空所给动词add在句中作谓语，主语legend与add为被动关系，应使用被动语态；又由时间状语In 2016可知，应使用一般过去时；主语legend表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was added。
10．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。该空需要一个关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Wild Man Cave，并指代先行词在定语从句作地点状语。故填where。
C
(2022·江西九江一模)
The Bell Tower in Xi’an has a history of over 600 years and reopened to the public after renovation(整修)．
The Bell Tower 1. (build) in 1384 during the Ming Dynasty.The 36-meter-tall，wood-and-brick structure is known as one of the 2. (large) and best-protected bell towers in China.The tower has witnessed the city’s changes and development for 3. (century)．
“Due to long-time exposure 4. wind，sunlight，rain and dust，the tower became broken，with its roof leaking and some paint 5. (drop)．” Wang Lei，curator(馆长) of Xi’an Bell and Drum Towers Museum said.To prolong the life of the tower，the museum began to repair 6. (it) roof and outer golden columns in June.
The reopening of the Bell Tower has attracted visitors 7. come from home and abroad.8. (visit) by more than 1,000 tourists on the opening day，it had attracted twice the number of visitors before its repair.The museum staff told the media that they determined 9. (extend) the opening hours by one hour every night.
This was 10. sixth renovation to the Bell Tower since 1949，with the last done in 2011.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西安钟楼的历史和最近对它进行的一次修复与重新开放。
1．答案 was built
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。提示词是谓语动词，与主语The Bell Tower是动宾关系；结合时间状语in 1384可知应用一般过去时态；主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was built。
2．答案 largest
解析 考查形容词最高级。“one of＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”为固定搭配，意为“最……之一”。故填largest。
3．答案 centuries
解析 考查名词复数。根据上文“a history of over 600 years”可知，钟楼已经屹立几个世纪，见证了几个世纪的变化和发展，century用复数形式。故填centuries。
4．答案 to
解析 考查介词。exposure to为固定搭配，意为“暴露于”。故填to。
5．答案 dropping
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为with复合结构，drop与其逻辑主语some paint间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填dropping。
6．答案 its
解析 考查代词。根据句意可知，空处作定语修饰名词roof，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
7．答案 who/that
解析 考查定语从句。空格后是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。
8．答案 Visited
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，visit与其逻辑主语it之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。句首单词首字母大写，故填Visited。
9．答案 to extend
解析 考查非谓语动词。determine to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”。故填to extend。
10．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。序数词前用定冠词限定，表示“第(几次)”。故填the。
D
(2022·河南许平汝联盟模拟)
The Mogao Caves or Mogao Grottoes(莫高窟)，also 1. (know) as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas and the Dunhuang Caves，is a series of grottoes located about 25 kilometers southeast of the city of Dunhuang in Gansu Province，China.
Mogao Grottoes，inarguably the 2. (great) treasure of Buddhist art found in a single locality anywhere in the world，consists 3. numerous temples that contain countless sculptures，wall paintings and manuscripts.4. (initial)，Dunhuang was only a stopover point—though 5. important one—on the Silk Road.However，it quickly 6. (become) a Buddhist learning center,7. Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese to be spread from there to other cities throughout China.
These grottoes 8. (carve) out of the sandstone cliffs(峭壁) of Mingsha Mountain and extend some 1,600 meters from north to south.The 9. (construct) of these grottoes takes over a period of a thousand years，from the 4th to the 14th century CE.The ones 10. (survive) the natural disasters (only a little more than half of them are still complete) contain some 45,000 square meters of wall paintings and more than 2,000 painted sculptures.
1．答案 known
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，know与其逻辑主语The Mogao Caves or Mogao Grottoes为动宾关系，故此处用过去分词，表示被动。故填known。
2．答案 greatest
解析 考查形容词最高级。根据空前的the及空后的in the world可知，此处用所给形容词的最高级形式。故填greatest。
3．答案 of
解析 考查介词。consist of...意为“由……组成”，为固定搭配。故填of。
4．答案 Initially
解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Initially。
5．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。此处是泛指，故用不定冠词。又因空前的important发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
6．答案 became
解析 考查动词时态。根据该空所在句中的从句谓语动词were translated可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故此处用所给动词的过去式。故填became。
7．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a Buddhist learning center，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故此处用关系副词where。
8．答案 are carved
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据并列谓语动词extend可知，此处用一般现在时，又因为These grottoes与carve是被动关系，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故填are carved。
9．答案 construction
解析 考查名词。分析句子可知，此处应用名词形式作主语，construction“建造”，为不可数名词。故填construction。
10．答案 surviving
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处用所给动词的非谓语动词形式，ones与survive存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填surviving。
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