新高考英语二轮复习课时练高考题型组合练第3组组合练(七)阅读理解主题练阅读理解＋阅读七选五 (含解析)

第三组　人与社会(二)——历史、社会与文化

组合练(七)　阅读理解主题练　阅读理解＋阅读七选五

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The 14th National Games held in Xi’an has triggered great interest—not only in sports and fitness，but also in the host city itself.If you are planning a tour of Xi’an taking less than 3 days，you’ll want to hit all the following highlights.

The Terracotta Army

The Terracotta Army is not just China’s premier historical attraction but one of the greatest discoveries of the 20th century，which was constructed by China’s first emperor Qin Shi Huang of the Qin Dynasty(221 BCE－207 BCE)．It is a collection of thousands of life-size terracotta soldiers，horses，and chariots(战车) in battle formation，showing the emperor’s armies in full splendor.

Ancient City Wall

Xi’an City Wall was built in the 14th century by Zhu Yuanzhang，the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty(1368－1644) as a military defense system.Now it is one of the oldest and best-preserved Chinese city walls.The wall is now a landmark，dividing the city into inner and outer areas.

Giant Wild Goose Pagoda

One of China’s most famous Buddhist pagodas，the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda，was built in the Tang Dynasty(618－907) for the study of Buddhist scriptures.One of the main functions of the pagoda was to store sutras(经文) brought to China from India by the famous monk and traveler Xuan Zang.It was built with layers of bricks and has a grand structure and appearance.It is exemplary of traditional Chinese architecture.

Shaanxi History Museum

The Shaanxi History Museum is home to over 370,000 precious relics unearthed in Shaanxi over the years.Its collections range from bronze wares to pottery figures，gold and silver wares and wall paintings from the Tang Dynasty(618－907) tombs.Among its precious collections,18 pieces have been listed as national treasures.

1．Which of the following has the longest history?

A．The Terracotta Army.

B．Ancient City Wall.

C．Giant Wild Goose Pagoda.

D．Shaanxi History Museum.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据The Terracotta Army部分中“which was constructed by...(221 BCE－207 BCE)”；Ancient City Wall部分中“was built in the 14th century”；Giant Wild Goose Pagoda部分中“was built in the Tang Dynasty(618－907)”以及常识可知，建于秦朝的兵马俑具有最长的历史。故选A。

2．What can visitors see in Shaanxi History Museum?

A．Chariots discovered in Xi’an.

B．Sutras brought from India to China.

C．Relics unearthed in Shaanxi.

D．Wall paintings from the Qing Dynasty tombs.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据Shaanxi History Museum部分中“The Shaanxi History Museum is home to over 370,000 precious relics unearthed in Shaanxi over the years.”可知，游客在陕西博物馆可以看到陕西出土的文物。故选C。

3．What do the four attractions have in common?

A．They hold collections of antiques.

B．They are of historical and cultural value.

C．They represent the modern spirit of Xi’an.

D．They are examples of traditional Chinese architecture.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。通读全文并结合常识可知，这四个景点的建造时代和文化内涵不同，但它们都具有极高的历史和文化价值。故选B。

B

A hungry badger(獾) searching for food seems to have uncovered what turned out to be hundreds of Roman coins in a Spanish cave，according to a new study.

Archaeologists(考古学家) first discovered several coins laying on the ground at the entrance to a small cave in the woodlands outside Grado in northern Spain in April 2021.The researchers suspect that the coins were unearthed by a badger from a nearby den(兽窝) after a heavy snow which made it harder for animals to find food.The hungry badger probably got into the cave looking for food but came across the coins instead.

After fully exploring the cave，researchers collected 209 coins dating to between the third and fifth centuries CE.“To date，this is the largest amount of Roman coins found in a cave in northern Spain，” the researchers wrote in their paper.They described the discovery as an “exceptional find”．

In the late 1930s，a collection of 14 gold Roman coins，known as the Chapipi treasure，was also found in the same woodlands.The researchers believe that local people may have buried their coins to keep them safe during a period of intense political instability in the region.The most recent coin in the newly-discovered Grado collection dates to CE 430，which was after the Suebi—a group of Germanic people originally from modern-day Germany and the Czech Republic—pushed the Romans out of Spain in CE 409，according to El Pais.

The researchers suspect that the newly-discovered coins are part of a vaster treasure and will return to the cave for further exploration to look for more coins and evidence that the cave may also have been the home of displaced Roman people.“We want to know if it was a one-off hiding place，or if there was a group of humans living there，” lead researcher Alfonso Fanjul Peraza told El Pais.

4．Where did the researchers find the first few coins in 2021?

A．Near a Spanish cave.

B．On a Spanish playground.

C．At the entrance to a woodland.

D．In a badger’s den.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，2021年考古学家在西班牙境内的一个洞穴附近发现了几枚硬币。故选A。

5．What do the researchers think of the discovery in 2021?

A．It’s dangerous.   B．It’s timely.

C．It’s meaningless.   D．It’s unusual.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究人员认为这个发现是不寻常的。故选D。

6．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in paragraph 4?

A．The Romans.

B．The coins.

C．The woodlands.

D．The researchers.

答案　B

解析　代词指代题。根据第四段画线词所在句可知，当地人埋藏硬币是为了使硬币更安全，所以them指代句中的their coins。故选B。

7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．More information may be revealed by the coins.

B．The ancient Roman people had a unique lifestyle.

C．The researchers doubt the former guess of the coins.

D．The researchers will return the coins to the Roman people.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这一段介绍了研究人员的推测和继续研究的计划，结合Alfonso Fanjul Peraza的话可知，此次发现的硬币可能会带来更多的信息。故选A。

C

(2022·河南濮阳一模)

For young people with autism(自闭症)，growing into adulthood can have its own challenges.But students at the non-profit educational program Exceptional Minds prove that autism can also mean special talents.

Madeline Petti is an example of how Exceptional Minds helps students with autism seek and reach their full potential.“I want the world to know that I like designing things and Exceptional Minds is a great place for me.” Madeline is part of a new wave of digital effects artists.She is a young，talented student who has autism.She is learning all about the entertainment industry with Exceptional Minds, which provides vocational(职业的) training for young adults with autism.

Madeline has played video games since the 4th grade. She has also always loved watching animated(动画的) shows.But she said she had a torturous time learning in traditional settings.“I get bored easily when I’m just sitting there and people are talking around me.I’m not really personally devoted to the material.When you are not personally devoted，you have to force yourself to stay in the moment and pay attention.If you don’t have the motivation to force yourself，you are pretty much going off into your personal La La Land.”

Exceptional Minds provided the right kind of learning environment for Madeline.More action，less talking.She said，“I like coming here because it’s so hands-on.We get shown examples or we will follow along with the directions.I guess we are doing more.”

Ernie Merlan is an EM program director.He said，“The heart of our program is a full-time three-year vocational program specifically for the entertainment industry.The program teaches the students not only the technical skills they need but the work readiness skills they need in order to get a job.So we focus on how they look and what their attitude is，and then work place conflict which we all have.”

8．What can be known about Madeline Petti?

A．She suffers from game addiction.

B．She has a talent for digital effects.

C．She is working in a local industry.

D．She dislikes designing things now.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Madeline is part of a new wave of digital effects artists.She is a young，talented student who has autism.”可知，Madeline Petti在数字特效方面是有天赋的。故选B。

9．What does the underlined word “torturous” in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Hard.   B．Normal.

C．Long.   D．Devoted.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“I get bored easily when I’m just sitting there and people are talking around me.”可知，Madeline对于周围的谈论声容易感到厌烦，而传统的学习环境就是这样的，可推断对于Madeline而言，在传统环境中学习是艰难的，所以画线词的意思与hard“艰难的，煎熬的”最为接近。故选A。

10．How is Exceptional Minds different from traditional programs?

A．It is about entertainment.

B．It focuses more on action.

C．It is designed for children.

D．It is aimed at active talks.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，Exceptional Minds与传统项目的不同之处在于它更注重行动而非言语。故选B。

11．Why are Ernie Merlan’s words mentioned?

A．To show the benefits of his job.

B．To tell the program’s challenges.

C．To further introduce the program.

D．To stress the influence of attitude.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Ernie Merlan介绍了Exceptional Minds项目的核心宗旨，由此可推断，提及他的话是为了进一步介绍这个项目。故选C。

D

(2022·河南中原名校联盟联考)

If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language，you will get answers like “Shakespeare”，“Samuel Johnson”，and “Webster”，but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William the Conqueror.

Before 1066，in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.In the west central region lived the Welsh，who spoke a Celtic language，and in the north lived the Scots，whose language，though not the same as Welsh，was also Celtic.In the rest of the country lived the Saxons，actually a mixture of Anglos，Saxons，and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon(or Old English)，a Germanic language.If this state of affairs had lasted，English today would be close to German.

But this state of affairs did not last.In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England.For about a century，French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.As a result，English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German.In some cases，modern English even shows a distinction(区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words.They even have different words for some foods，meat in particular，depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked，which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.

When Americans visit Europe for the first time，they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does.Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.

12．The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 were         .

A．Welsh and Scottish

B．Nordic and Germanic

C．Celtic and Old English

D．Anglo-Saxon and Germanic

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，1066年以前，大不列颠的两大语言分支为凯尔特语和古英语。故选C。

13．Which of the following groups of words are，by inference，rooted in French?

A．President，lawyer，beef.

B．President，bread，water.

C．Bread，field，sheep.

D．Folk，field，cow.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句和最后一句可知，英语中有关政治、法律以及在家中烹饪的食物(尤其是肉类)的单词最可能来源于法语。故选A。

14．Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe?

A．Most advertisements in France appear in English.

B．They know little of the history of the English language.

C．Many French words are similar to English ones.

D．They know French better than German.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，标语和广告上的许多法语词汇和英语很像，所以对第一次到欧洲的美国人来说，法国不像德国那么陌生。故选C。

15．What is the subject discussed in the text?

A．The history of Great Britain.

B．The similarity between English and French.

C．The rule of England by William the Conqueror.

D．The French influences on the English language.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。文章开篇即抛出问题：谁对英语的影响最大，接着给出答案：征服者威廉。可见文章即将讨论的问题就是他对英语的影响。接下来，作者介绍了1066年以前的英国语言由两大派系组成，而之后由于威廉的雄心，使得法语成为对英语影响颇深的语言。故选D。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Tea is currently the world’s most popular drink，only after water.However，there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese.  1   And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their “cup of tea”？

While we know that tea drink started in China，its true origin remains something of a mystery.Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago，Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water.Following his discovery，tea was used as medicine，included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen.  2 

  3   Over the years，tea drinking became an important part of China’s rich culture.The great Tang poet Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language.Lu Yu，a tea master，wrote The Classic of Tea，which remains the earliest and most famous detailed study on tea in the world.

It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world.  4   Porters carrying back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes，to trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses.  5   As early as the Tang Dynasty，Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan.Around the 1600s，tea was shipped to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders.

A．So，how did tea originate in China?

B．But how was tea introduced overseas?

C．Tea became the main theme in ancient poems.

D．The love of tea inspired many people to write about it.

E．Over time，the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa.

F．Eventually，it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people.

G．Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses，the Tea Horse Road was born.

1．答案　A

解析　根据空前一句内容和空后一句中并列连词“And”后的疑问句可知，此处应该也是疑问句；根据上下文语境可知，此处应该问“茶在中国是如何起源的”。故选A项。

2．答案　F

解析　本段主要在讲述关于茶的起源的一些传说和历史，根据本空前一句可知，刚开始茶是作为官员和贵族的饮品，则空处应是说明此后饮茶的习惯和文化传播到了普通百姓中。F项承接上文。

3．答案　D

解析　根据本空后三句可知，该段落主要讲述许多名人写了许多有关茶的作品，空处应概括并引起下文。D项符合语境。

4．答案　G

解析　根据本空后一句可知，唐宋时期，茶叶作为重要的贸易物资，帮助朝廷和边民交换马匹。因此，促成了“茶马古道”的诞生。G项引起下文，符合语境。

5．答案　B

解析　本段前半部分讲述了茶叶在中国境内不同地区的传播，空后则讲述茶叶被传播到国外的过程，B项承上启下，引出茶叶被传到海外的话题。