新高考英语二轮复习课时练高考题型组合练第6组组合练(十六)阅读理解主题练阅读理解＋阅读七选五 (含解析)

第六组　人与自然(二)——灾害防范和宇宙探索

组合练(十六)　阅读理解主题练　阅读理解＋阅读七选五

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

The Best National Parks to Visit in Winter

While most parks tend to draw families in the summer and fall，there are also ideal spots for adventurous winter trips.

Yellowstone National Park，Wyoming

The country’s oldest and best-known national park takes on an almost otherworldly atmosphere in winter：the air filled with rolling steam，the strong colors of hot springs，the surrounding white landscapes，let alone the impressive wildlife during this time，like bison，wolves，and playful red foxes.Just book a guided hiking tour to get a ranger’s perspective on the park and local people.

Joshua Tree National Park，California

With its giant red rocks and unique trees，you’ll feel like stepping onto a foreign planet as you spend hours hiking the Panorama Loop or Maze Loop.The park is recognized as an International Dark Sky Park，featuring virtually zero light pollution and the country’s best views of a starry sky.

Grand Canyon National Park，Arizona

A significantly lower number of visitors in winter means you can take in unblocked views of the South Rim，and get to see the rare beauty of the Grand Canyon dusted with snow.For those adventurous and daring，it is recommended to hike the Bright Angel Trail and take the chance to see the canyon’s wintertime wildlife，including mule deer，elk，and bald eagles.

Virgin Islands National Park，St.John

Surprise！Not all wintertime national park trips need to involve snow.Virgin Islands National Park is most famous for its white-sand beaches.You can also hike inland to visit old sugar plantations，or venture out to the water to swim along with sea turtles and manta rays.You will definitely enjoy a different winter here.

1．Which park will one choose if he/she is interested in stars?

A．Yellowstone National Park.

B．Joshua Tree National Park.

C．Grand Canyon National Park.

D．Virgin Islands National Park.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据Joshua Tree National Park，California部分中第二句可知，如果对星星感兴趣，应该选择Joshua Tree National Park。故选B。

2．What do we know about the Grand Canyon National Park?

A．We can have a poor view of the South Rim there.

B．It lies in an area with rolling steam and hot springs.

C．There is a slight decline in visitor numbers in winter.

D．The Bright Angel Trail is challenging in cold weather.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据Grand Canyon National Park，Arizona部分中第二句可知，在Grand Canyon国家公园，The Bright Angel Trail在寒冷的天气具有挑战性。故选D。

3．Which activity is mentioned in all of the parks?

A．Hiking.   B．Skiing.

C．Swimming.   D．Hunting.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据Yellowstone National Park，Wyoming部分中最后一句、Joshua Tree National Park，California部分中第一句、Grand Canyon National Park，Arizona部分中第二句和Virgin Islands National Park，St.John部分中第三句可知，所有的公园都提到了徒步旅行。故选A。

B

More than a third of small towns in Georgia lost population in the last year alone，highlighting the challenges of reviving rural areas.New census(人口普查) estimates show that Camilla fell below 5,000 residents.Sparks fell below 2,000，and Milan fell to 661 residents for a loss of 7% of its population.All three towns are in South Georgia.

Many of the young people in these communities graduate from high school and don’t come back.“They go to college，whatever，they don’t come back，” said David Bridges，head of its Center for Rural Prosperity and Innovation in Tifton.

Meanwhile，Georgia’s cities are growing，having no problem drawing people from small towns and other cities.Atlanta grew more than 1% in the past year and is now nearing the half-million-resident mark.

The trend of people moving from rural to urban areas is hardly a new one—it’s been going on worldwide for more than a century.But continued population losses have raised questions about whether rural areas can do anything to reverse the tide.

Rural residents can face a number of challenges including access to good jobs，transportation and health care.Manufacturing jobs have dried up in many places，while modernization and new technology means fewer people are needed for farming.And many people are deciding to have smaller families than was typical a century ago.

“The older generation is dying，the younger generation is moving away，and because there are perceived to be fewer business opportunities，financial opportunities，etc.It’s very challenging to get inbound population，” Bridges said.

Demographers(人口学家) expect the shift from rural to urban to continue.But there are some bright spots in rural America still.Jackson County near Athens was recently named one of the fastest-growing counties in the nation by the Census Bureau.Amazon opened a large fulfillment center there a couple of years ago.And Young Harris，near the Georgia-North Carolina border，has grown by more than 80% since 2010.

4．What happened to the small towns mentioned in paragraph 1?

A．Their sizes grew rapidly.

B．Their population declined.

C．They drew more residents.

D．They raised challenges to locals.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，仅去年一年，佐治亚州就有超过三分之一的小城镇人口流失，使得振兴农村地区的挑战更加明显。由此可知，小城镇出现了人口流失现象，即它们的人口减少了。故选B。

5．Which of the following best explains “reverse the tide” underlined in paragraph 4?

A．People move from rural to urban areas.

B．Small towns draw people from cities.

C．Rural areas develop their economy quickly.

D．Population continue to grow in urban areas.

答案　B

解析　词义猜测题。第四段首句讲了“农村人口转移到城市”这一趋势，reverse the tide(扭转这一趋势)意味着在农村人口流失现象的前提下，人们采取措施阻止农村人口流失，去吸引在大城市的人回到农村/小城镇，即人口从城市转移到农村，故选B。

6．Why is David Bridges quoted?

A．To offer more evidence.

B．To draw a conclusion.

C．To show his contribution.

D．To give part of the reasons.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句和倒数第二段可知，Bridges的话佐证了农村人口流失和难以吸引外来人口去农村的原因。故选D。

7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Jackson County is the best town in the US.

B．Rural towns will keep growing to larger ones.

C．Others will follow the lead of these bright spots.

D．There can be measures to help rural towns grow.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，虽然农村人口流失仍在继续，但有些农村地区的人口增加了。由此可知，采取一定的措施还是可以促进农村地区人口的增长的。故选D。

C

(2022·河南六市一模)

To make room for agriculture，trees and other plants are often cleared away so that farmers have space to grow crops.The clearing of forests forces many animals from their homes.They often flee the area in search of a new place to live in.There is a big downside to that.Some of those animals are natural predators.They control pest populations.They can help to clear the fields of rats，mice，and other rodents that eat and damage crops.

This happened at one small farming village in Indonesia.After land was cleared for farming，rats and mice began appearing in large numbers.Villagers tried to target the animals by smoking them out and hunting them.But the villagers were unsuccessful.

So，one farmer decided to try another method—a natural one.

Pujo Arto brought owls to his farm.Owls，after all，are experts at hunting rodents.It is what they do.And it worked！However，Pujo Arto didn’t stop with his own field.He set up a Natural Predator Program.Now，owls are busy catching rats and mice in the fields around the village of Tlogoweru.There is a huge upside：no need for chemical pesticides which can harm not only rodents，but other creatures.

In 2011，the Indonesian man began setting up boxes where the owls live.He is also raising owlets in the village.After about four months，the young birds are released.These facilities have raised more than owls.They have also raised awareness in the community about the importance of owls.They raised awareness within their community by building homes for those owls.At the same time，government officials helped to create laws to protect those owls.

In addition to controlling pests naturally，there is another upside to the program.His village is now a popular stop for eco-tourists.People interested in learning more about owls，wildlife protection and natural pest control come to his village to learn more.

8．Why did the owls get away from the land around the village?

A．There was no food to eat.

B．There were too many rats and mice.

C．They were smoked away.

D．They had no place to live.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，为了发展农业人们砍伐树木，森林的砍伐迫使猫头鹰等许多动物离开家园，逃离这个地区去寻找新的居住地。故选D。

9．Natural Predator Program is         .

A．to use owls to catch the crop-damaging rodents

B．to attract eco-tourists to the village

C．to raise awareness of protecting forests

D．to control pests by using chemical pesticides

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“He set up a Natural Predator Program...around the village of Tlogoweru.”可知，自然捕食者计划指的是借助猫头鹰来捕杀老鼠等破坏庄稼的啮齿类有害动物，故选A。

10．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage?

a．introducing owls

b．pests being controlled naturally

c．rodents appearing in large numbers

d．clearing forests

A．abcd   B．bcda

C．dcab   D．dabc

答案　C

解析　细节排序题。根据文章内容可知，为了发展农业人们砍伐树木，导致啮齿类有害动物猖獗破坏庄稼，于是引进啮齿类有害动物的天敌猫头鹰，使得害虫被自然控制。根据发生的先后顺序，故选C。

11．What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The importance of protecting owls.

B．Indonesian village uses owls to protect crops.

C．The advantages of using natural predators in agriculture.

D．The government’s role in using owls to control pests.

答案　B

解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了印度尼西亚一个村庄实施自然捕食者计划，利用猫头鹰消灭啮齿类有害动物的故事，说明了生态控制有害动物或害虫的好处。故选B。

D

(2022·安徽江淮十校联考)

After you finish your fries，eat the ketchup packet.When you add your pasta to boiling water，put the bag into the pot，too.If these instructions sound confusing to you，it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla，a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging.Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look to nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit.“A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature，and disappear and become a part of the cycle，” she said.

According to the UN,9.15 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s，and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors.Micro-plastics，which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down，pollute the ocean，the air and our bodies.Over the past few years，there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful.In the US，some places have taken action：New York banned most plastic shopping bags，and in Miami Beach，plastic straws have been outlawed.“Overseas，the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into effect this summer，” the government announced in August.

“Notpla’s founders，Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie，initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because it is abundant，grows quickly，doesn’t compete with land crops，” Sibbel explained.There are also many different seaweed species，and they can be harvested or farmed.Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides.It can grow into the ocean and the sea，where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.

“As they scale up，Notpla’s team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly，” Sibbel said.But with the volume of plastics used around the world，she understands the enormity(巨大) of such a task.“I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything，but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes，” she said.

12．What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph?

A．The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.

B．Common functions of seaweed.

C．The famous company called Notpla.

D．Plastic packaging made from seaweed.

答案　D

解析　段落大意题。根据第一段第三句可知，第一段主要介绍了由海草制成的塑料包装。故选D。

13．What can be learned about plastic pollution and solutions from the passage?

A．Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.

B．The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.

C．More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.

D．The European Union and the US have completely stopped using single-use plastics.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可推断，专家认为一次性塑料的使用是可以避免的。故选B。

14．Which is not the reason for the company’s founders turning to seaweed?

A．It is pesticide-free.

B．It is easily accessible.

C．It can grow on land.

D．It can do good to the ocean.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“doesn’t compete with land crops”和“seaweed doesn’t use land”可知，海草不会生长在地面上。故选C。

15．Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel’s attitude to the future use of seaweed?

A．Optimistic.   B．Uncertain.

C．Negative.   D．Worried.

答案　A

解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可推断，她对此抱有乐观的态度。故选A。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2022·河南许平汝联盟联考)

Debris flow(泥石流) is a kind of destructive geological disaster.July to August is the most frequent period of debris flow in China.  1  ，it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency.

Don’t overlook your surroundings while hiking.Pay attention to the surrounding environment and pay special attention to whether you hear thunder-like sound from the valley in the distance.If you hear it，you should raise the alarm.  2  .

Don’t panic and escape in the direction of debris flow.When meeting with debris flow，stay calm.  3  .If the path is perpendicular(垂直的) to the direction of debris flow and climbs to the hillside on both sides，the higher the better and the faster the better.It is absolutely not allowed to go to the downstream of debris flow.

  4  .When traveling by car meeting debris flow，you should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car，it is easy to be buried in the car.In that case，you are at great risk.

Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.Sometimes the debris flow will happen intermittently(间歇地)．  5  ，you must be careful of another one on the road.You’d better take another way to find a safe route.

A．Don’t try to stay in your car

B．It is likely to be a sign of debris flow

C．Try to determine the safe path to escape

D．Don’t drive a car for a trip in the mountain

E．Stay calm and look at the map on your phone

F．If you know some emergency knowledge about debris flow

G．If you are walking through the area where the debris flow just happened

1．答案　F

解析　根据空后“it can increase the probability of survival in an emergency”可知，空处应该讲掌握一些应对泥石流的知识，F项“如果知道一些紧急应对泥石流的知识”符合语境。故选F。

2．答案　B

解析　根据空前两句可知，上文讲述如果听见雷鸣般的声音要提高警惕，B项“那很可能预示泥石流即将到来”解释要提高警惕的原因，符合语境。B项中的It指代上文的“thunder-like sound”。故选B。

3．答案　C

解析　根据空后两句可知，此处是讲述泥石流的逃跑路径，C项“尽量确定安全的逃跑路径”引起下文，符合语境。故选C。

4．答案　A

解析　根据空后的内容“...you should abandon the car and run away.If you hide in the car，it is easy to be buried in the car.”可知，此段讲待在车里的危害。A项“不要试图待在车里”适合作本段的中心句。故选A。

5．答案　G

解析　根据空前“Don’t think it’s safer in the area where the debris flow just happened.”可知，刚刚发生泥石流的地方仍然很危险。G项“如果你正沿着刚刚发生泥石流的地方行走”引起下文，指出你仍然要当心再一次发生泥石流。故选G。